Novel tanpa kata
Novel tanpa kata adalah sebuah genre naratif yang memakai cuplikan-cuplikan gambar tanpa keterangan untuk mengisahkan sebuah cerita. Seorang seniman sering kali membuat buku semacam itu memakai cukil kayu dan teknik cetak relief lainnya, istilah novel cukil kayu juga dipakai. Genre tersebut utamanya berkembangkan pada 1920an dan 1930an dan menjadi sangat populer di Jerman.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Karya yang dikutip
[sunting | sunting sumber]Buku
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Beronä, David A. (2001). "Pictures Speak in Comics Without Words". Dalam Varnum, Robin; Gibbons, Christina T. The Language of Comics: Word and Image. University Press of Mississippi. hlm. 19–39. ISBN 978-1-60473-903-9.
- ——— (2008). Wordless Books: The Original Graphic Novels. Abrams Books. ISBN 978-0-8109-9469-0.
- Chute, Hillary (2012). "Graphic Narrative". Dalam Bray, Joe; Gibbons, Alison; McHale, Brian. The Routledge Companion to Experimental Literature. Routledge. hlm. 407–419. ISBN 978-0-415-57000-8.
- Kaplan, Arie (2010). From Krakow to Krypton: Jews and Comic Books. Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 978-0-8276-1043-9.
- Rewald, Sabine (1984). Balthus: Catalog of an Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Feb. 29, 1984 to May 13, 1984. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-8109-0738-6.
- Walker, George, ed. (2007). Graphic Witness: Four Wordless Graphic Novels. Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-270-5.
- Ward, Lynd; Beronä, David (2005). "Introduction". Mad Man's Drum: A Novel in Woodcuts. Dover Publications. hlm. iii–vi. ISBN 978-0-486-44500-7.
- Willett, Perry (2005). "The Cutting Edge of German Expressionism: The Woodcut Novel of Frans Masereel and Its Influences". Dalam Donahue, Neil H. A Companion to the Literature of German Expressionism. Camden House Publishing. hlm. 111–134. ISBN 978-1-57113-175-1.
Majalah dan jurnal
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Beronä, David A. (Summer 1999). "An Introduction to 'Beyond Words: A Wordless Comic Anthology'". Sunburn (11): 2–3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-22. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-17.
- Cohen, Martin S. (April 1977). "The Novel in Woodcuts: A Handbook". Journal of Modern Literature. Indiana University Press. 6 (2): 171–195. JSTOR 3831165.
- Smart, Tom (Spring 2011). "A Suite of Engravings from The Mysterious Death of Tom Thomson". Devil's Artisan. The Porcupine's Quill. 68: 10–37.
- Spiegelman, Art (2010-10-13). "The Woodcuts of Lynd Ward". The Paris Review. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-11-29. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-18.
- Witek, Joseph (2004). "Imagetext, or, Why Art Spiegelman Doesn't Draw Comics". ImageTexT: Interdisciplinary Comics Studies. University of Florida. 1 (1). ISSN 1549-6732. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-07-29. Diakses tanggal 2012-04-16.
Web
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bi, Jessie (May 2009). "Destin de Otto Nückel". du9 (dalam bahasa French). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-15. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-18.
- Reid, Calvin (2014-04-25). "'Fran' Wins Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize". Publishers Weekly. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-22. Diakses tanggal 2015-01-22.
Bacaan tambahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Willett, Perry (1997). The Silent Shout: Frans Masereel, Lynd Ward, and the Novel in Woodcuts. Indiana University Libraries. OCLC 36526265.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bi, Jessie (June 2006). "La bande dessinée muette". du9 (dalam bahasa French). Diakses tanggal 2013-04-19.
- Frans Masereel Foundation internet portal. Includes a graphic novels page with online versions of Masereel's books.
- Rhode, Mike; Furtwangler, Tom; Wybenga, David (2003-07-23). "Stories Without Words: A Bibliography with Annotations". Michigan State University Libraries. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-19.