Pemrograman Web

Sirojul Munir | [email protected]

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 Pengantar PHP Programming
Sirojul Munir | [email protected]

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 History PHP
1994: Created by Rasmus Lerdorf, software engineer (part of
Apache Team)
1995: Called Personal Home Page Tool, then released as
version 2 with name PHP/FI (Form Interpreter, to analyze SQL
queries)
Half 1997: used by 50,000 web sites
October 1998: used by 100,000 websites
End 1999: used by 1,000,000 websites
Now ? 79.1% website
Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri
 Alternative PHP
Practical extraction and Report Language (Perl)
Active Server Pages (ASP)
Java server pages (JSP)
Ruby
Python (Django)
JavaScript
C#
Go
Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri
 PHP Version
• php.net (current release: 8.02)

PHP Software :
1. Linux Distribution ( Apache Web Server + PHP Module )
2. Windows / Mac : XAMPP, WAMP , LARAGON
Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri
 Why PHP Popular ?
Open-source & Free
Easy to use ( C-like and Perl-like syntax)
Stable and fast
Multiplatform
Many databases support
Many common built-in libraries
Pre-installed in Linux distributions
PHP5 – better object-oriented and XML language support
PHP7 – More Fast
Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri
 How PHP Work ?
Client
Browser

1 4 PHP
3 module
Apache
2

1: Client from browser send HTTP request (with POST/GET variables)

2: Apache recognizes that a PHP script is requested and sends the request to PHP module
3: PHP interpreter executes PHP script, collects script output and sends it back
4: Apache replies to client using the PHP script output as HTML output

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Interpreter
• PHP is an interpreted language
• Scripts are interpreted by PHP’s Zend parsing engine
• Output is HTML

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Configuration
• Konfigurasi ada pada file php.ini
• Linux Ubuntu 16.04 : /etc/php/7.0/apache/php.ini
• Development Environment
• display_errors = On
• error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT & ~E_DEPRECATED &
~E_WARNING

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic Syntax
<?php
// Your script is here
?>
File PHP berekstensi .php
Setiap statement (pernyataan program) diakhir ; (titik koma)

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic Syntax - Comment
<?php
// satu baris komentar
# ini juga satu baris komentar

/*
banyak baris komentar
*/

// komentar php juga bisa diantara baris kode

$x = 5 /* +15 */ + 5 ;
echo $x;
?>

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic Syntax - Variables
• Variabel : Tempat menyimpan nilai selama program berjalan
• Variable diawali dengan tanda $ setelah nama variable, contoh
$var_name
• Valid variable names
• Diawali dengan huruf atau garis bawah ( $nama, $_alamat)
• Dapat mengandung huruf, angka atau garis bawah
• Tidak boleh menggunakan kata kunci (keyword) PHP (contoh:.
“class”)
• Tidak boleh menggunakan spasi, tanda ( “.” , “,” , “[“, “]” )

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic Syntax - Variables
• Memberi nilai variable :
• By Value:: $myVar = 25;
• By Reference:: $myRef = &$myVar;
• Invalid:: $myRef = &(7 * 52) //Expression is unnamed
• Variable tidak perlu dideklarasikan terlebih dahulu
• PHP variable adalah CASE-SENSITIVE

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic Syntax – print vs echo
• Echo dan print adalah memiliki fungsi yang sama, mencetak output
data ke layar display user
• Perbedaannya:
• Echo tidak mengembalikan suatu nilai, sedang print mengembalikan nilai 1
karenanya bisa digunakan sebagai ekspresi program
• Echo dapat menerima banyak parameter , print hanya 1 parameter
• Echo lebih cepat disbanding print
<?php
$nama = ‘Putri Ramadhani’ ;
$_umur = 8;
echo ‘Nama Siswa : ‘ . $nama . ‘ umurnya ‘ . $_umur . ‘ tahun ‘;
?>
<br/>
<?php print($nama) ; ? >

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Data Type

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Data Type
• PHP supports the following:
• Boolean: $isActive = TRUE;
• Integer:: $zip = 15213;
• Float:: $myBalance = 567.89;
• String:: $isActive = ‘TRUE’;
• Arrays:: $myInfo = array(“name” => “Bob”,”age”=>8);
• Objects:: $myBook = new Book( );
• Resources :: $a=fopen(‘tes.txt’);
• NULL :: null
• Constants:: define(“PHI”, 3.14);

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Keyword

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 Tipe Variable
Define By User (programmer)
$_nama = ‘Naurah Husna’;
$_ipk = 3.87;
Define By System (PHP Global Variable )
$_SERVER[‘DOCUMENT_ROOT’];
$_SERVER[‘PHP_SELF’];

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 String
• Single-quoted strings
• Ex.:: $quote = ‘I\’ll be back’;
• Use \’ to specify a single quote character.
• Does not expand newlines or variables.
• Double-quote strings
• Does expand newlines & variables.
• Use \ to escape characters.
• Example:: $q = “Arnold said, ‘$quote’\n”;
• Result:: Arnold said, ‘I’ll be back’ (followed by a linefeed.)
• Double-quote Use in SQL Statement :
$sql=“SELECT * FROM mahasiswa WHERE nim=‘011011’”;
• Use . to concatenate strings
• Example $q = ‘Arnold said,’ . $quote;

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic - Array
Indexed Array – array dengan index numeric
Associative Array – array dengan menggunakan keys
Multidimensi Array – array mengandung satu atau lebih array
didalamnya

Mendefinisikan array :
$_array = [ element array ] ;
$_array = array ( element array ) ;
Panjang array : function count($arrayname)
Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri
 PHP Basic - Indexed Array
Indexed Array – array dengan index numeric
$_fruits = [‘apple’,’orange’,’manggo’]; // index mulai dari 0
Index array dapat di set secara manual
$_fruits[0] = ‘apple’;
$_fruits[1] = ‘orange’;
$_fruits[2] = ‘manggo’;
Hapus array
unset($_fruits) ; // hapus seluruh elemen array
unset($_fruits[1]); // hapus elemen array index ke-1

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 PHP Basic - Indexed Array
Loop Indexed Array

$jml_data = count($_fruits);
for ($i = 0 ; $i < $jml_data ; $i++) {
echo $_fruits[$i];
echo ‘<br/>’;
}

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic – Array Associative
• Two Ways creation

$umur = [ ‘ahmad’=>20, ‘ali’=>21, ‘dewi’=>19 ];

$umur[‘ahmad’] = 20;
$umur[‘ali’] = 21;
$umur[‘dewi’] = 19;

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic - Associative Array
Loop Associative Array

foreach ($umur as $key => $val) {

echo ‘ Key : ‘ . $key . ‘ , value ‘ . $val ;
echo ‘<br/>’;
}

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic – Array Multidimensi
• $ar_jus = [
[‘buah’=>’Mangga’,’harga’=>8000 ],
[‘buah’=>’Alpukat’,’harga’=>10000 ],
[‘buah’=>’Durian’,’harga’=>14000 ],
];

foreach($ar_jus as $jus){
echo ‘ Jus ‘ . $jus[‘buah’] . ‘ harganya : ‘ . $jus[‘harga’] . ‘<br/>’;
}

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 Superglobal Array

<?php
// info.php
phpinfo();
?>

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 Superglobal Array – Form Processing
• Array Superglobal adalah array associative yang didefinisikan oleh
PHP untuk menyimpan variable dari inputan user, variable lingkungan
web server dan dapat diakses dalam skup variable apapun (global)
• Array $_GET dan $_POST mengembalikan informasi data yang dikirim
oleh server menggunakan request HTTP get dan post
• Pada form gunakan nilai argument method = “POST” atau “GET”

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic – Form Processing
• Salah satu fungsi “original” PHP adalah memproses inputan dari
FORM HTML
• Simpan data ke database
• Email inputan untuk ke customer
• Validasi input (security)
• Setiap elemen form dapat diproses oleh PHP.
• PHP5 menyimpan informasi data dari form di $_GET, $_POST, and
$_REQUEST yaitu variabel superglobal berbentuk array associative

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 Method Form = GET
• GET
• Data Request ditampilkan pada URL
• Digunakan untuk Pencarian data
• Tidak mengubah data di sisi server
• Di Cache oleh Client ( Browser)
• Tools : Form method GET, HyperlLink, Header Redirection
• Query SQL : SELECT
• Menangkap request : $_GET , $_REQUEST
• Client : <input type=“text” name=“nama” size=“20”/>
• Contoh : $nama_siswa = $_GET[‘nama’]

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 Method Form = POST
• POST
• Data Request TIDAK ditampilkan pada URL
• Digunakan untuk Manipulasi data
• Dapat digunakan untuk mengubah data di sisi server
• Tools : Form method POST
• Query SQL : INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
• Menangkap request : $_POST , $_REQUEST
• Client : <input type=“text” name=“nama” size=“20”/>
• Contoh : $nama_siswa = $_POST[‘nama’]

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 Contoh : Form GET
<form name=“f1” method=“get” action=“thanks.php”>
<input type=“hidden” name=“fType” value=“GET” />
<input type=“text” name=“fullName” /><br />
<select name=“program” size=“1”>
<option>Undergraduate</option>
<option>Masters</option>
<option>Doctoral</option>
</select>
<input type=“submit” value=“Submit” />
</form>

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 REQUEST : GET
• URL: http://some_domain/thanks.php?fullName=John&program=Masters

<?php
$formType = $_GET[‘fType’];
$fullName = $_GET[‘fullName’];
$program = $_GET[‘program’];

echo (‘<p>’);
echo (‘Hello,’.$fullName. “<br>\n”);
echo (‘You are in the ’.$program.‘ program.“<br>\n”);
echo (‘Form method was ‘.$formType. “</p>\n”);
?>

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 Contoh : Form POST
<form name=“f2” method=“post” action=“thanks.php”>
<input type=“hidden” name=“toEmail” value=“[email protected]” />
<input type=“text” name=“firstName” /><br />
<input type=“text” name=“lastName” /><br />
<textarea name=“comment”></textarea>
<input type=“submit” value=“Submit” />
</form>

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 REQUEST : POST
• URL: http://some_domain/thanks.php

<?php
$to = $_POST[‘toEmail’];
$firstName = $_POST[‘firstName’];
$lastName = $_POST[‘lastName’];
$comment = addslashes($_POST[‘comment’]);

echo (‘<p>’);
echo (‘Thank you,’.$firstName. ‘ for your feedback\.’);
echo ( “</p>\n”);
?>

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Basic Operator
• PHP has most of the operators one would find in other scripting
languages.
• These include
• Arithmetic:: + - * / %
• Assignment:: +=, etc
• Increment/decrement:: ++ --
• Comparison:: <, >, >=, <=, ==, != , < >, ===
• Logical:: &&, ||
• String:: ., .=
• Type:: instanceof someClass;

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri

 PHP Control Structures
• if (expression) {block} elseif {block} else {block}
• while (expression) {block} OR
• do {block} while (expression)
• for (expression) {block}
• foreach var (list) {block}
• switch (variable) //variable can be int or string
case 0:
// do something;
break;
case 1:
// do something else;
break;
• break;
• continue;
• return;

Program Studi Sistem Informasi | Informatika – STT Terpadu Nurul Fikri