LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN A
REAKTOR
Tekanan = 18 atm
Reaksi : Endotermis
Konversi : 80 %
Pemanas : Steam
2.Proses Batch
3. Reaksi isotermis
A. Kinetika Reaksi
pn h pe
Pe ff h
𝑑𝐶𝑝𝑒
= ko Cpn – k1 Cpe
𝑑𝑡
(mol/l)
Dengan data :
1. Yield 80%
3. Suhu 210 oC
4. Tekanan 18 atm
5. Steam 10 t/t
6. Asam yang ditambahkan 2%
4
B. Perancangan Reaktor
Asumsi : Isotermal
Input Output
Komponen BM(kg/kmol) Arus 3 Arus 4 Arus 5 Arus 6
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
Keterangan :
t isi bahan =
t isi steam =
t reaksi =
t
pengosongan =
t cuci =
6
1. Jumlah reaktor,Nr =3
2. t reaksi = 1 jam
3. t isi = 1 jam
= 4.034,035227 L
= 5.092,969474 L
= 4.840,842272 L
4. Tebal reactor
Spesifikasi :
in
= 1,2 x 18 atm
= 21,6 atm
5. Tebal shell
(Coulson, vol. 6, 2008)
𝑃𝑑. 𝑟𝑖
𝑡𝑠 = 𝑓. 𝐸 − 0,6𝑃 + 𝐶
inc
Dipilih jenis dan ukuran head Eliptical Dished Head, alasan dipilihnya bentuk ini
Nilai:
90)
th = 0,558 inc
𝑡ℎ=(0,885𝑃𝑑.𝑟)/(𝑓.𝐸−0,1𝑃𝑑
Diambil tebal standar
= 0,750 inc = 0,02 m
)+𝐶
(Brownwll and Young. Hal 87)
Digunakan tebal head 3/16 inc dengan tebal tersebut dapat diambil :
OD = ID + 2.t
= 64,5208 inc
a = ID/2
= 32,0729 inc
AB = a – icr
= 28,3854 inc
BC = r – icr
= 59,4583 inc
AC = [(BC^2 – AB^2)]^1/2
= 52,7762 inc
b = r – AC
= 11,3696 inc
OA = b + sf + th
= 14,93 inc
OA = tinggi
head
= 14,93 inc
𝝅 𝑰𝑫 𝒔𝒇
𝑽𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔 𝑰𝑫𝟑 +𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
10
= 0,73 m3
= 44.352,38 inc
= 3,31 m3
= 2,0839 m2
= 1,5870 m
= 3,6394m3
= 2,0839 m2
= 1,7464 m
= 4,030 m3
= 2, 5048 m
pi*ID*Hs
= 8,9347 m2
= 5,0847 m2
= 14,0194 m2
= 8,987 m2
= 5,1443 m2
= 14,1313 m2
Diameter = 1,63 m
LAMPIRAN B
MENARA
DISTILASI
Tugas : Memisahkan campuran Furfural (C5H4O2) dan Air (H2O) dari reaktor 01
Kondisi Operasi :
distilat
umpan
produk
dengan : T = suhu K
K= Pi / P
= 0%
T = 102,794 oC
3 Dimana : P = 1 atm
T = 100,025 oC
T = 138,947oC
𝑁𝑚 = 𝑥𝐻𝐾 𝑑 𝑥𝐿𝐾 𝑏
log 𝑎𝐿𝐾
Nmin = 1,000
Persamaan Underwood
𝑎𝑖 .
∑
𝑥𝑖,𝑑 = 𝑅𝑚 + 1
𝑎𝑖 − 𝜃
17
∑ 𝑎𝑖. 𝑥𝑖,𝑓 = 1 − 𝑞
𝑎𝑖 −
𝜃
𝑎𝑖. 𝑥𝑖,𝑑𝑓
∑ =0
𝑎𝑖 − 𝜃
𝑎𝑖. 𝑥𝑖,𝑓
∑ =0
𝑎𝑖 − 𝜃
Tabel 6. Rm+1
TOTAL 1 1,166
19
Rmin+1 =1,166
Rmin =0,166
R =0,249
3. Jumlah Plate
Dengan,
Dimana:
Nm = Jumlah minimum
stage
: X = 0,066
Y = 0,589
Np = 3,869 stage
4. Efisiensi Plate Eo
menggunakan persamaan:
20
Dimana :
μ = viskositas
T = Suhu
Komponen Xf Viskositas, μ μ . Xf
H2O (LK) 0,96663 0,27119 0,26214
C5H4O2 (HK) 0,03256 0,59727 0,01944
H3PO4 0,00081 14,51004 0,01182
Total 1 15,37489 0,29340
μa = 0,293 cp
α, avg = 2,658
Diperoleh:
E0 = 54,551 %
𝑁 𝐵 𝑥 2
𝑥
log ( 𝑟) = 0,206 log [( ) (𝑓,𝐻𝐾 )( 𝑏,𝐿 )]
𝑁𝑠 𝐷 𝑥𝑓,𝐿𝐾 𝑥𝑑,𝐻𝐾
Dengan :
bawah Maka :
Ns = 6,098
Nr = 1,000
Diambil :
Plate Design
Asumsi :
Aliran cairan dan uap sepanjang menara dianggap tetap (Equimolar Overflow).
Sehingga : L= Lo
Lo= R x D
L’= L + F = Lo + F
V= V’ = (L + D)́
Maka :
L = Lo
Lo = 512,546 kmol/jam
V = 2573,607
kmol/jam
23
L’ = 2586,620 kmol/jam
V’ = 2573,607 kmol/jam
Menentukan Dimensi
Menara
ρL = Densitas cairan
ρV = Densitas uap
4Vw
Dc
(Towler and sinnot, 2008)
Dimana :
Dc = Diameter kolom, m
ρV = Densitas uap
24
Uv = Kecepatan uap masuk yang diijinkan berdasarkan luas total menara, m/s
Enriching Section
komponen
= 0,001 kg/L
Uv = 2,232 m/s
Vw = 46382,208 kg/jam
= 12,884 kg/s
Dc = 3,535 m
Stripping Section
25
pada tabel 9
= 0,003 kg/L
Uv = 0,927 m/s
Vw = 1561,245 kg/jam
= 0,434 kg/s
Dc = 0,418 m
Perancangan Plate
1. Panjang Weir
Enriching Section
9237,243 kg/jam
L w
Turn down rate diambil = 0,7
Min how + Hw = 61 mm
Qv = ( V x BM vapour) / ρv
= 78801,389 m3/jam
= 21,889 m3/s
28
Vh = (0,8 x QV) / Ah
= 23,492 m/s
Stripping Section
L w
Max how = 8,973 mm liquid
Qv = ( V x BM vapour) / ρv
= 91,185 m3/jam
= 0,025 m3/s
3. Plate pressure
drop
Uh 2 v
Dry plate drop(hd) 51. .
Co L
Dengan :
Uh max = Qv / Ah
= 29,365 m/s
Ah / Ap = Ah / Aa = 0,1 = 10%
Tebal plate / dh =1
Diperoleh Co = 0,84
Hd = 36,199 mm liquid
Hr = 12,335 mm liquid
30
= 105,681 mm liquid
Stripping section
Uh max = Qv / Ah
= 2,429 m/s
Ah / Ap = Ah / Aa = 0,1 = 10%
Tebal plate / dh =1
Diperoleh Co = 0,84
Hd = 1,4127 mm liquid
Hr = 12,142 mm liquid
= 72,528 mm liquid
Ht = 72,528 mm liquid
= 721,046 Pa
= 0,007 atm
)
4
= 1,9625E-05
(Ah) = 531,317
(Ah) = 37983,484
Keterangan :
1 Ts = tray spacing
Diambl Hap = Hw - 10 mm
= 40 mm = 0,04 m
Top Bottom
Lwd 2
hdc 166.
ρLAm
Dimana :
downcomer
= 252,610 mm
= 0,253 m
= 131,679 mm
33
= 0,132 m
Bottom tr = 5,146 s
kg/s
ρL - ρV
uf k ρV
Dimana :
Enriching section
Flv = 0,005
Uf = 4,148 m/s
% Uf = 3,526 m/s
Stripping section
Flv = 0,289
Uf = 1,388 m/s
Uf = 1,180 m/s
3. Check entrainment
Uv
% floading = 100 %
Uf
Uv = Qv / An
Enriching section
Uv = 2,536 m/s
% floading = 61,14
% Diperoleh ψ= 0,021
35
Stripping section
Uv = 0,210 m/s
% floading = 15,12
% Diperoleh ψ= 0,001
1. Tebal shell
Diameter menara
Tekanan = 1,2 x P
perancanganoperasi
= 1,32 atm
sambungan = 0,125 in
Efisiensi
sambungan (E)
36
ts = P. ri
f . E - 0.6 P c
enriching section
ts = 0,251 in
= 0,006 m
OD = ID + 2 ts
= 149,789 in
= 3,551 m
ID koreksi = OD – 2 ts
= 191,375 in
= 4,861 in
Stripping section
ts = 0,140 in
= 0,004 m
5/16 OD = ID + 2 ts
= 17,084 in
= 0,434 m
37
ID koreksi = OD – 2 ts
= 167,375 in = 4,251 in
2. Tebal head
0.885.P.r C
tH
f .E 0.1.P
Diambil :
F =12650 psi
C = 0,125 in
E = 0,85
Th = 0,432 in
= 0,011 m
Enriching section
Ods = 192
in Th = 0,44
in
Ids = 191,375 in
Didapat
Icr = 11,500 in
r = 170,000 in
ids/2 = 95,668 in
a-icr = 84,188 in
r-icr = 158,500 in
r-AC = 35,707
hH = th + b + sf
=39,644 in
= 3,304 ft
= 1,007 m
Stripping section
39
Ods = 168 in
tH = 0,44 in
ids = 167,375 in
didapat
icr = 10,125 in
r = 144,000
in
in hH = th + b + sf
=36,085 in
= 3,007 ft
= 0,917 m
Q bottom = L / ρL
= 4,213E-04 m3/s
Θ = 117,428 s
vol cairan = Q x tr
= 0,049 m3
= 1,8 m
= 0,091 m
= 0,183 m
Dipilih jenis pipa : carbon steel (karena harganya lebih murah dan komponen
Dopt
293G0,53 ρ-0,37
Dimana :
Dopt = diameter optimum, mm
kg/m3
41
ρ = 1016,632 kg/m3
G = 10,665 kg/s
42
G = 2,566 kg/s
Dopt = 37,293
mm
= 1,468 in
OD = 0,405 in
Schedule number = 40
ρ = 3,410 kg/m3
G = 0,086 kg/s
Dopt = 50,819
mm
= 2,001 in
Schedule number = 40
43
G = 0,434 kg/s
Dopt = 14,451
mm
= 0,569 in
OD = 2,375 in
Schedule number = 40
44
diinginkan.
Diameter menara
Enriching : 3,5348 m
Stripping : 0,4181 m
Tebal shell
Enriching : 1/3 in
Stripping : 5/16 in
100,025
1
2 water
32
1
T-01 H3PO4 CD-02
LI
P-01
TC
6 water
P-02 210
1
80
1
32
18 CD-01
32
G 1
LC
1
140
1 3 1,3 80 ACC-01
WRH BE S TC
TC 32 1
CORN CO BS
1
water 80
SC P-04 1
CL-01water
H
EV
FC 102,794
CL-02 8
1,3 40
1
TC
PC TC
UPL
water
R 1-5 CV 150
4
TC 1,2
250,294
FC
PC CL-03
39,477
steam
MDsteam 7
TC
P-03 40
T-02
5 138,95
210
RB 1 C5H4O2
1,3 LI
18