Lampiran
Lampiran
Lampiran
LAMPIRAN A
REAKTOR (R-01)
A. Deskripsi
B. Kinetika reaksi
Reaksi dianggap berorde 1 pada masing-masing a dan b menurut Tai Lu-
Kei at al 2007, sehingga persamaan reaksi nya adalah :
(-rA) = k CACB
k = ( )
( ( )
)
Dengan,
k = ( )
( (
)
)
k = 0,731 m3/kmol.jam
Neraca Massa
Fv =
CA0
CB0
( )
131
C. Optimasi Reaktor
H2SO4
C3H8O3 + 3HNO3 C3H5N3O9 + 3 H2O
A + 3B C + 3D
M : Fao Fbo - -
R : Fao.X Fao.X Fao.x Fao.X
S : Fao - Fao.X Fbo – Fao.X Fao.X Fao.X
FA = Fao – Fao.x
FB = Fbo – Fao.x
Fao – Fa – (-rA)V = 0
Fa0 – Fa = -(-rA).V
V=
V=
132
V=
( ) ( )
V= ( ) ( )
V= ( ) ( )
V= ( ) ( )
1 5 5 6 3 2592300,000 2592300,000
Bentuk reaktor dipilih adalah vertikal vessel dengan formed head. Untuk
tekanan operasi 1 atm dipilih bentuk torespherical dished head (Brownell
and Young, hal 88).
D=H
Vshell =
Vshell =
D3 =
D=( )
134
D=( )
= 5,232 m
= 205,965 in
H = 5,232 m
= 205,965 in
Dimana,
Ds : Diameter shell, in
Vdish = ( )
= 428,132 ft3
Vsf =
Diambil sf =2
Vsf = ( )
= 38,543 ft3
Sehingga,
= 2 ( 428,132 + 38,543)
= 933,349ft3
= 26,432 m3
= 93,664 m3 + 26,432 m3
135
= 120,096 m3
= 0,5 26,432 m3
= 13,216 m3
= 93,664 m3 – 13,216 m3
= 80,447 m3
Tinggi cairan =
= ( )
= 3,744 m
ts =
dimana,
ts : tebal shell, in
(Brownell, 1959).
ri = 0,5 D
ts =( ) ( )
= 0,561 in
Dari tabel Brownell 1959 hal 350, dipilih ts standar sebesar 9/16 in.
th =
dimana,
P : Tekanan
P = Pdesain – Poperasi
OD = ID shell + 2ts
= 207,087 in
= 5,260 m
Dicari ukuran standart pada tabel 5.7 Brownell hal. 90, maka didapat :
137
OD = 204 in
ts = 0,563 in
icr = 12,250 in
r = 170 in
(Brownell, 1959).
w = ( √ )
= ( √ )
= 1,681 in
th = ( ) ( )
= 0,597 in
Dari tabel 5.6 Brownell hal 350 dipilih tebal head 5/8 in.
icr b
OA
B A
sf
r
ID
t
a
C
138
Pada tabel 5.4 Brownell halaman 87 dengan th 3/8 in, didapat nilai sf
sebesar 1 ½ - 3 in . Maka dipilih nilai sf sebesar 2 in .
ID = OD – 2ts
= 204 in – ( 2 5/16 )
= 202,875 in
a =
= 121,438 in
AB = a – icr
= 121,438 in – 12,250 in
= 89,188 in
BC = r – icr
= 170 in – 12,250 in
= 157,750 in
AC =√
=√
= 130,118 in
b = r – AC
= 170 in – 130,118 in
= 39,882 in
hHead = th + b + sf
= 5/8 + 39,882 in + 2 in
139
= 44,007 in
= 1,118 m
= (2 1,118 m) + 5,232 m
= 7,467 m
L
H
DI
W
E
DM
Keterangan gambar :
DI : Diameter pengaduk, m
B : Lebar baffel, m
DM : Diameter tangki, m
140
Ukuran pengaduk
DI =
= 1,744 m
E =
= 1,744 m
B =
= 0,436 m
L =
= 0,436 m
W =
= 1,046 m
WELH = hcairan sg
sg =
= 1,541
= 5,772 m
∑ =
= 1,10324
Putaran Pengaduk
( ) (Rase, 1977)
142
N = √
Dimana,
DI : diameter pengaduk, m
N = √
= 74,923 rpm
= 1,249 rps
P = (Brown, 1978)
Dimana,
P : daya pengaduk, Hp
Np : Power number
: Densitas campuran
DI : Diameter pengaduk
Bilangan Reynolds
Re =
( )
=
= 17147318,989
NRe = 17147318,989
Diperoleh Np = Po
Po = 9,2
( ) ( )
P =
= 25,947 Hp
Daya motor =
= 29,154 Hp
F. Perancangan pendingin.
Input Output
Komponen (Kj/jam) (Kj/jam)
Qin reaktor 2777656,1214
2503245,305
Qout reaktor
Qreaksi 2584274,1042
Qpendingin 2858684,9206
5361930,2255 5361930,2255
Total
= ( )
= 302932,4061 lb/jam
= 137531,3124 kg/jam
V brine =
= 4359,0658 ft3/jam
∆T LMTD =
∆T LMTD =
= 38,356 0F
A =
Dimana,
A =
= 1766,136 ft2
= 164,074 m2
Dimana,
147
L = 5,232 5,232
= 85,938 m2
Karena luas transfer panas > dari luas selubung reaktor maka pendingin
yang digunakan adalah koil.
hc = * + * + * +
Dimana,
hc = * + * + * +
= 948108,677 Btu/jam.ft2.0F
hi = * + * +
Dimana,
jH : Didapat dari grafik 24 Kern halaman 834, dengan nilai nilai Re.
Re =
= 220537,228
Maka didapat nilai jH sebesar 300.
hi = * + * +
= 2179,064 Btu/jam.ft2.0F
hio = hi
= 1892,489 Btu/jam.ft2.0F
Uc =
=
150
= 1888,719
Menghitung Rd
Untuk fluida panas light organic dan fluida dingin heavy organics, maka
nilai Ud berkisar antara 10-40 Btu/jam.ft2.0F berdasarkan tabel 8, Kern
halaman 840.
Ud dipilih = 40 Btu/jam.ft2.0F
Rd =
= 0,025
Lc =
= 2839,466 ft
= 865,463 m
Vc =
= 2,483 m2
Vtotal = Vcairan + Vkoil
= 80,447 + 2,483
= 82,930 m2
h =
= 3,860 m
= 12,664 ft
C
x
A B
152
BC = oil
= 0,020 m
AB = 0,8 ID reaktor
= 0,8 5,232
= 4,185 m
AC =√
=√
= 4,185 m
= 4,185
= 13,142 m
= 65,856
= 1,431 m
= 0,1 5,232
= 0,523 m
= 1,431 + 0,523
= 1,954 m