pirovneba, individualuri gansxvavebebi da me (self)

faqtia, rom individebi erTidaimave sicialur situaciaSi gansxvavebulad reagireben. indi-

videbs Soris aseTi gansxvaveba SeiZleba iyos gansxvavebuli faqtorebis gavlenebis Sedegi. Aam
faqtorebidan zogierTi Tandayolilia, zogic individualuri gamocdilebiTaa SeZenili. Aada-
mianebze gavlenas axdens ojaxi, megobrebi, specifiquri kultura, socialuri klasi, rasa,
religia da a.S. am gavlenebis Sedegia is, rom yoveli CvenTagani damaxasiaTeblad reagirebs
garkveul situaciaze.
miuxedavad im didi rolisa, romelsac socialuri faqtorebi TamaSoben qcevis determina-
ciaSi, individebs Soris gansxvaveba xSirad determinirebulia SedarebiT myari dispoziciebiT,
romelic pirovnuli niSnebis, Treitebis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili.
P
pirovnuli niSnebi (Treitebi)

socialuri fsiqologia Seiswavlis individis qcevas socialur situaciaSi. es niSnavs imas,

rom socialuri fsiqologia Seiswavlis stimulebis specifikur klass, romlebic gavlenas
axdenen adamianis qcevaze. P
pirovnebis fsiqologia ki fokusirebulia imaze, Tu gansxvavebuli pirovnuli niSnebis mqone
adamianebi rogor reagireben mocemul socialur stimulebze.
individis Tvalsazrisidan pirovnebas gansazRvraven rogorc pirovnuli niSnebis SedarebiT
myar sistemas, romelic gavlenas axdens qcevaze cvalebad socialur situaciaSi. aseTi pi-
rovnuli niSnebi miuTiTeben imaze, Tu ra Semoaqvs individs situaciaSi. socialur stimulebs
ki TviT situacia Seicavs. es ori sfero ar unda iyvnen erTmaneTTan konfliqtSi. socialuri
da pirovnebis fsiqologia orive cdilobs iwinaswarmetyvelos adamianis qceva. isini am miznis
miRwevaSi gvTavazoben gansxvavebul midgomas. am konfliqtSi pirovnuli cvladebis mniSvneloba
xSirad davis obieqts warmoadgenda. saqme imaSia, rom pirovnebis adrindeli gageba emyareboda
daSvebas, rom adamianebi situaciidan da situaciamde da wlidan wlamde ar icvlebian.
agresiuli biWi rom gaizrdeba agresiuli kaci iqneba e.i. varaudobdnen, rom adamianis pirovneba
ar icvleba. am zogadma midgomam biZgi misca mravali pirovnebis sakvlevi testebis Seqmnas. nav-
araudebi iyo, rom Tu qceva determinirebulia pirovnebiT, pirovnuli niSnebis gazomviT
SegviZlia viwinaswarmetyveloT qceva. Sesabamisad Seiqmna testebi romlebic globalurad
zomavda pirovnebas. amasTan testebi miznad isaxavdnen pirovnebis Sefasebas. igulisxmeboda,
rom pirovnebis gansazRvriT SeiZleboda qcevis winaswarmetyveleba situaciidan situaciamde.
pirovnebis sakvlevi testebi farTod iqna gamoyenebuli klinikaSi rogorc diagnostikuri saS-
ualeba da gansakuTrebiT organizaciaSi sadac saWiro iyo individebis seleqcia. SemdgomSi,
faqtma, rom aseTi midgoma, rogorc qcevis winaswarmetyvelebis saSualeba arc ise STambeWdavi
iyo, eWvi dabada mis efeqturobaze. roterma (Roter, 1954), mimoixila ra Sromebi romelebic pi-
rovnebis maxasiaTeblebis gazomvas exeboda, mivida im daskvnamde, rom aRniSnuli testebi, raTa
viwinaswarmetyveloT individis qceva konkretul situaciaSi saeWvo validurobisaa. Sedegad,
roteri da misi kolegebi Seecadnen SeeqmnaT ara ukeTesi testi, romelic ufro validuri iqne-
boda, aramed saerTod Secvales sakiTxisadmi midgoma. maTi midgoma emyareboda mosazrebas, rom
pirovnul niSnebze orientirebuli gazomvis sistema Sinaganad pirovnebisadmi araadekveturia,
radgan qceva, ubralod situaciidan situaciamde da sxvadasxva dros ar aris konsistenturi.
rom rwmena qceviseuli konsistenturobis Sesaxeb iyo mxolod iluzia. miuxedavad imisa rom
pirovnuli niSnebis Teoriisadmi aseT kritikul midgomas bevri ar uWerda mxars, is mainc
sicocxlisunariani aRmoCnda. siaxle mdgomareobda situaciuri cvladebis gansakuTrebuli
mniSvnelobis miniWebaSi. sakiTxisadmi aseTi situaciuri midgoma gulisxmobs rom jobia kvleva
fokusirebuli iyos situaciaze da ara pirovnul niSnebze. amasTan socialuri fsiqologia
asabuTebda, rom qcevis determinizaciaSi ufro Rirebulia mxolod situacia vidre mxolod
pirovnuli niSnebi. am or midgomas Soris davaSi gamoikveTa, rom orive mxares qonda, rogorc
mxardamWeri aseve aramxardamWeri argumentebi. aseT situaciaSi ufro gonivrulad CaTvales
eRiarebinaT, rom orive midgoma nawilobrivad aris swori. rom qcevis saukeTeso
winaswarmetyveleba moslodnelia, roca yuradReba daeTmoba orive faqtoris (pirovnulisa da
situaciuris) gavlenas. problemisadmi aseTma integralurma midgomam daayena sakiTxi imis
Sesaxeb, rom Tu sicialurma fsiqologiam roca surs CarTos Tavis kvlevebSi pirovnuli
niSnebi, rogor unda gadawyvitos Tu romeli pirovnuli niSani romel situaciaSi SeiZleba
iyos mniSvnelovani. kvelvaZiebis Sedegad Camoyalibda mTeli rigi saxelmZRvanelo pincipebi:
1. pirovnuli niSani, Tavisi mniSvnelobiT rac ufro viwroa da SezRuduli, miT ufro efeqturi
SeiZleba iyos qcevis winaswarmetyvelebisaTvis. magaliTad pirovnuli niSani sociobilurobisa
imdenad farTea, rom naklebad dagvexmareba individis qcevebis winaswarmetyvelebaSi.
2. rac ufro sustia situaciuri gavlena, miT ufro did rols TamaSobs qcevis
winaswarmetyvelebaSi pirovnuli niSnebi. kvlevebiT dadasturda, rom rodesac situaciuri
cvladebi Zlieria, Znelia miuTiTo pirovnul niSnebze, romlebic gaaumjobeseben individis
1
SesaZleblobas iwinaswarmetyvelos qceva, xolo roca qcevaze situaciis gavlena sustia aRmoC-
nda, rom pirovnuli niSnebi sakmod Rirebuli xdeba, qcevis winaswarmetyvelebisaTvis.
3. adamianebi arCeven iyvnen iseT situaciaSi, romelic ukeTesad ergeba maT pirovnebas,
Cveulebriv eqsperimentebSi subieqtebs amyofebdnen garkveul situaciaSi da xdeba maTi
reaqciebis Sefaseba. gamokvlevebma aCvenes, rom mocemul situaciaze miaxloveba-ganridebis
reaqcia warmoadgens pirovnuli faqtorebis funqcias. saerTod realur cxovrebaSi adamianebi
xSirad TviTon irCeven situacias , Tu sad gaataron dro romel situacias ganeridon da ro-
mels miuaxlovdnen.
4. rodesac pirovnebis sakvlevi debulebebi Seicavs situaciis konteqstebs aRmoCnda, rom isini
ufro ukeT winaswarmetyveleben qcevas specifikur situaciaSi. mTelma rigma mkvlevarebma miuT-
iTes, rom pirovnebis sakvelevi testis tipiuri test-debulebebi, Seqmnilia ise rom ar aris
miTiTebuli situaciuri konteqsti, magaliTad debuleba `me var moyvaruli individi ~- iTxovs
pasuxs eTanxmebi Tu ar eTanxmebi, aRmoCnda, rom aseT pirobebSi aSkarad dagvexmareboda
specifikur pirobebze miTiTeba.
amrigad individis qcevis winaswarmetyvelebisas- pirovnuli niSnebi winaaRmdeg situaci-
uri faqtorebisa-mivyavarT orive faqtoris integraciis aucileblobamde.

pirovnuli niSnebis identifikacia

dgeba sakiTxi, rogor xdeba im pirovnuli niSnebis identifikacia, riTac gansxvavdebian

individebi erTmaneTisagan?
adamianebi Cveulebriv erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian maTi qcevebiT, zogierTi ufro mor-
cxvia, zogierTi ufro patiosani. zogierTi TviTdarwmunebulia da a.S. Sesabamisad adamianebs
tendencia aqvT erTmaneTi aRweron pirovnuli niSnebiT. es tendencia myardeba enaSi. olportma
da odbertma moaxdines aTasobiT aseTi pirovnuli niSnebis identifikacia. maT daadgines pi-
rovnuli niSnebi, romlebic aRniSnulia sityvebiT inglisur enaze, rogorc es dafiqsirebuli
vebsteris srul leqsikonSi. sul amokrifes 17953 termini. am sityvebis analizis Sedegad sabo-
lood SerCeuli iqna 171 pirovnuli niSani. naCvenebi iqna, rom yoveli es sityva (pirovnuli ni-
Sani) asaxavs araformalur biheviorulad dakvirvebad faqts. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT am
zedsarTavebis (pirovnuli niSnebis) arseboba niSnavs, rom qcevaSi SemCneulia garkveuli tipis
individualuri gansxvavebebi da Camoyalibebuli iqna sityva raTa moexdinaT am gansxvavebaTa
saxeldeba. es niSnavs imas, rom miRebuli iqna aswleulebis ganmavlobaSi dagrovili saRi
azris bihevioristuli dakvirveba, romelic yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi identificirebulia am
zedasrTavebSi-pirovnul niSnebSi. Tu enaSi arsebobs mocemuli pirovnuli cvladi , pirovnuli
niSani, SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom individualuri ganxvavebebi am dispoziciaSi mniSvnelobvani
iqneba qcevis winaswarmetyvelebisTvis. es Tu asea, da varaudoben rom asea, saWiro gaxda pi-
rovnuli niSnebis gasazomi testis Seqmna. winaaRmdeg bihevioristuli Teoriebisa , pirovnuli
niSnebis Teoria uSvebs, rom qcevis winasarmetyvelebaSi CarTuli unda iqnas qcevis ufro
rTuli, dispoziciuri erTeuli da aseT erTeulad CaTvlilia iqna pirovnuli niSnebi. pi-
rovnuli niSnebis Teoriis ganviTarebis Semdgomi nabiji iyo pirovnuli niSnebis gasazomi
meTodikis konstruireba.
1930-ian 1940-an wlebSi faSistur ideologias mravali mimdevari gauCnda msoflios
mraval partiaSi. gansakuTrebiT gamokveTili da Zlieri centri am mxriv iyo nacisturi germa-
nia. am politikuri moZraobis Sedegi iyo II msoflio omi-milionobiT admianis winaswar-
ganzraxuli mospobiT sasikvdilo banakebSi-rac kacobriobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulad
moinaTla.
faSisturi Zalauflebis damxobis Semdeg fsiqologTa jgufma daiwyo muSaoba prob-
lemaze-rogor viwinaswarmetyveloT Tu romel individs eqneba midrekileba politikuri moZ-
raobisaken da cxovrebis faSisturi reJimisken. Sesabamisad Seiqmna avtoritarizmis rogorc pi-
rovnuli niSnis, gasazomi kiTxvari. kiTxvaris Sesadgenad pirveli safexuri iyo test-
debulebebis Camoyalibeba, romelic gamoxatavda garkveuli saxis atitudebs, rwmenebs da
Rirebulebebs da romelic gaaCnia faSists an potencionalur faSists(adorno da sxvebi). fa-
qizi kvlevebiT SeirCa aseTi test-debulebebi da Camoyalibda avtoritarizmis sakvlevi e.w. F-
skala. am skalis tipiuri test-debulebebia:
 is rac sWirdeba axalgazrdas aris xazgasmuli disciplina, mkacri determinacia
da survili imuSao da ibrZolo ojaxisTvis, samSoblosTvis.
 avoritetisadmi morCileba da pitiviscema aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani unari, ro-
melic unda iswavlon bavSvebma.
da a.S.
an kidev, samedicino kvlevebi miuTiTebdnen, rom gulsisxlZarRvTa funqciobis darRvevis
riski izrdeba rogorc funqcia genetikuri faqtorebisa mimatebuli mTeli rigi fizikuri
faqtorebi rogoricaa asaki, qolesterinis Sratis done, sisxlis wneva, sigaretis moweva da a.S.
2
garda amisa aRmoCnda, rom garkveul rols TamaSobs pirovnuli faqtorebic. es sakiTxi 50-ian
wlebSi sistematuri kvlevis sagani gaxades Friederman-ma da rosenman-ma (1959). rogorc Sedegi,
mkvlevarebma aRweres e.w. a tipi-s kolonikuri midrekilebis individebis qceviseuli nimuSebi.
miuTiTes, rom individebi, romlebic arian Sromismoyvareebi, agresiulebi, konkurentulebi,
romlebsac miaCniaT, rom dro arasodes aris arasakmarisi saaqmeebis gasakeTeblad , yovelTvis
sadgac mieCqarebaT . (e.w. tipi aA) ufro xSirad uviTardebaT kolonikuri problemebi vidre
individebs miewerebian tips bB-s da romlebic ara ufro mSvidi mosiaruleebi, socialurebi,
modunebulebi da a.S.
amis Semdeg fsiqologiur kvlevebSi tipi aA da tipi bB ganzomileba garda janmr-
Telobisa gavrcelda iseT sferoebSi rogoricaa pirovnebis ganviTareba, araprofesion-
aluri qceva da interpersonaluri urTierToba.

lokus kontroli

erTerTi bazisuri pirovnuli maxasiaTebeli, romelic gavlenas axdens qcevaze

aris is Tu adamiani vis Tvlis pasuxismgeblad kargi an cudi movlenebis mimdinareobaze.
individi, romelic Tvlis, rom TviT mas SeuZlia ise imoqmedos rom maqsimaluri gaxados
dadebiTi Sedegebis SesaZlebloba da minimumamde daiyvanos uaryofiTi Sedegebis al-
baToba amboben, rom mas aqvs kontrolis Sinagani lokusi. amis sapirispiroa Tu individi
fiqrobs rom is ususuria iRblis mowyalebis, bedisweris da sxva arakontrolirebuli
garegani gavlenis winaSe amboben, rom mas aqvs garegani lokus kontroli. individebis
gansxvaveba am maxasiaTeblebSi, rogorc -lokus kontroli- SemogvTavaza roterma.
roteris mier SemoTavazebul TeoriaSi qceva xorcieldeba rogorc molodinebis (rom
qceva mogvcems ganmtkicebas) da Rirebulebebis-(ra fasad ujdeba individs ganmtkiceba)-
funqcia. garda molodinebis da Rirebulebisa, romelic moqmedebs specifikur situa-
ciaSi, roteri varaudobs, rom adamians aqvs garkveuli rwmena cxovrebiseuli war-
matebulobis da warumateblobis mizezebis Sesaxeb. bavSvobis droindeli gamocdilebi-
dan da dakvirvebis safuZvelze adamiani midis daskvnamde, Tu dadebiTUda uaryofiTi
Sedegebi ra xarisxSia kontrolirebuli sakuTari aqtivobiT an arakontrolirebuli
garegani ZalebiT. roca Sedegebze pasuxismgebloba Sinagani, sakuTari ZalebiTaa
axsinili daSvebulia rom gulmodgine Sroma da unarebi ganmtkicebuli iqneba. roca
garkveulio Sedegebi garegan Zalebzea miwerili , daSvebulia rom movnlenebi deter-
minirebulia SemTxveviTi arakontrolirebuli faqtorebiT. am ganzogadoebuli pirovnu-
li molodinebis gasazomad Seiqmna lokus-kontrolis testi rogorc mozrdilebisTvis
ise bavSvebisTvis. roteris mier SemoTavazebuli testi subieqtisgan moiTxovs alterna-
tivebs Soris erTerTis arCevas. testis azri mocemulia or test debulebaSi . subieqtma
unda SearCios alternatiulidan erTerTi romelic mas ufro sworad miaCnia. testSi
erTerTi alternativa ase JRers:
(1.) a. individis cxovrebaSi bevri ubedureba nawilobriv cudi iRblis Sedegia
b. adamianis ubedureba im Secdomebis Sedegia,romelic man dauSva.
subieqtma unda miuTiTos, Tu rogor debulebas eTanxmeba. romelia misi azriT marTebu-
li. aseTi debulebebis seriisadmi pasuxebi iZleva lokus-kontrolis maCvenebels. igulisxmeba,
rom am ganzomilebebSi ganxsvavebazea damokidebuli qceva gansxvavebul situaciaSi. roteris
azriT aseTi qceviseuli gansxvavebebis safuZvelia individis intravert-eqstravertuli
tendenciebi. intraverts aqvs kontrolis Sinagani lokusi eqstravertebs ki axasiaTebs
kontrolis garegani lokusi.
lokus kontrolis, rogorc pirovnebis maxasiaTebeli Tvisebis, bazisuri sakiTxia, is Tu
rogor xdeba misi Camoyalibeba.

kontrolis Sesaxeb molodinis Camoyalibeba.

kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom internaluri orientaciis Camoyalibeba momdinareobs aRzrdidan, um-
Tavresad ojaxebidan da gansakuTrebul rols TamaSoben amaSi dedebi, romlebic ar cdilob-
dnen daekontrolirebinaT maTi Svilebis qcevis yvela aspeqti , qmnian molodinebs rom bavSvebi
moiqcevian damoukideblad. internaluri orientaciis individebis mSoblebs aqvT tendencia
bavSvebs miscen meti Tavisufleba. bavSvebis mimarT iyvnen mosiyvaruleni da wamqezeblebi,
zogadad, internalis mSoblebi moelian bevrs maTi ASvilebidan. kvlevebi xazs usvamen im faqts
, rom internalurebi yalibdebian imitom, rom bavSvebi swavloben rom ganmtkiceba (warmateba)
damokidebulia imaze rasac isini akeTeben. mTavari rasac swavloben isini aris is, rom
ganmtkiceba damokidebulia TviT maT qcevaze.
eqsternalebi ki, varaudoben rom, bavSvobis dReebidan ganicdidnen zedmet kontrols ,
met yuradRebas da kritikas. kvlevebi aCveneben, rom eqsternalurad orientirebuli kolejis
studentebi ixseneben, rom maTi mSoblebi awesebdnen mkacr SezRudvebs. miuTiTeben, rom eqster-
naluri orientacia yalibdeba rogorc reaqcia zedmetad kontrolirebul kritikul-mSoblebze.

3
 saintereso mosazreba iqna gamoTqmuli individis internaloba-eqsternalobasTan da-
kavSirebiT, rom individebis cudad Seguebadoba xSirad asocirebulia pirovnebis am
ganzomilebis romelime ukiduresobasTan (internaloba-eqsternaloba). cudad Seguebadoba ganx-
ilul iqna rogorc ususrobis da upasuxismgeblobis grZnoba cxovrebiseuli movnelebisadmi,
an roca cxovrebiseuli movlenebisadmi individebi grZnobis totalur garegan kontrols. gam-
omdinarae aqedan askvnian, rom internaloba individebis ufro pozitiuri Tvisebaa vidre
eqsternaloba.

selfi(self)

rogor ganicdis adamaini sakuTar Tavs sakuTar “me”-s. Tavis ra Tvisebebs Tvlis is gan-
sakuTrebulad damaxasiaTeblad, riTac is gansxvavdeba sxvebisgan? emTxveva Tu ara individis
mier TvisTavis Sefaseba imas Tu rogor afaseben mas sxvebi? esaa sakiTxebi, romlebic arsebiT-
ad qmnis pirovnul identurobas. anu is rac igulisxmeba pirovnebis arsSi.
sakuTari `me~- pirvel rigSi esaa rwmenebis erToblioba, romelic Camoyalibda sakuTari
Tavis (TviT Cvens) Sesaxeb. ra aris Cveni mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli Tviseba? raSi varT Cven
kargebi? ras vakeTebT cudad? ra saxis situaciebs veridebiT an vaZlevT upiratesobas?
rwmenebis erTobliobas, romelsac vflobT Cven imaze Tu vin varT Cven uwodeben me-koncefcias.
erTi sityviT, me-koncefcia es aris TviT Cvens Sesaxeb rwmenebis Sinaarsi.
Cven vexebiT ara marto imas Tu ras wamovadgenT Cven , aramed imasac Tu rogor vafasebT
im Tvisebebs romelsac Cven Tavs mivawerT,. Sefasebas romelsac vakeTebT Cven TviT Cvens
Sesaxeb uwodeben TviT-Sefasebas(self-esteem) debulebebi, romlebic gamoiyenebian TviTSefasebis
gasazomad Semdegi saxisaa:
1. me vgrZnob rom maqvs mTeli rigi kargi Tviseba
2. me vfiqrob rom maqvs bevri iseTi ram riTac SemiZlia viamayo
3. zogjer vfiqrob rom me sulac ar var kargi
4. vgrZnob rom var Rirseuli pirovneba, yovel SemTxvevaSi msgavsad sxvebisa
5. bolosdabolos vgrZnob rom var warumatebeli
6. mTlianobaSi kmayofili var Cemi TaviT
esenia debulebebi, romlebic Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba TviTSefasebis donis gasazomad. es
debulebebi zomaven zogad Rirebulebebs, romelzec subieqtebma unda miuTiTon axasiaTebT Tu
ara es maT.
mocemuli debulebebidan Tu subieqti aRniSnavs rom eTanxmeba 1, 4 an 6-s es imis
maCvenebelia, rom mas aqvs maRali TviTSefasebis done. 2,3, da 5 debulebebze Tanxmoba miuT-
iTebs TviTSefasebis dabal doneze.
maRali TviTSefasebis adamianebs miuTiTeben, rom aqvT naTeli SegrZneba imaze Tu ra
aris maTi pirovnuli Tvisebebi , TavianT Tavs afaseben dadebiTad, isaxaven misaReb miznebs,
iyeneben ukukavSirebs TviTganmtkicebis maneriT da Zneli situaciidan gamodian warmatebiT.
dabali TviTSefasebis donis mqone adamianebs, aRniSnaven rom aqvT naklebad naTeli
TviTkoncefcia, TavianT Tavze fiqroben negatiurad , xSirad irCeven ararealistur miznebs an
saerTod uars amboben miznebze. tendencia aqvT iyvnen pesimistebi. aqvT ufro arakeTilsasur-
veli emocionaluri da qceviseuli reaqciebi kritikaze an sxva saxis negatiur ukukavSirebze.
aRmoCnda rom garda zogadi TviTSefasebisa, adamianebs aqvT specifikuri Sefaseba Tavi-
anTi unarebis Sesaxeb specifikur sferoSi. SesaZloa admians hqondes TviTSefasebis maRali
done , magram miaCndes rom arc Tu ise kargad TamaSobs Wadraks. an SesaZloa individs hqondes
zogadad dabali TviTSefaseba, magram fiqrobdes rom Zalian kargi kalaTburTelia.
gamomdinare misi mniSvnelobidan aqtualuri gaxda sakiTxi Tu rodis da rogor
uyalibdeba adamians sakuTari `me~-s gancda.

rogor vigebT sakuTar Tavs

informacia sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli wyaroebisgan momdinareobs. sakuTari Tavis

Sesaxeb codna zogjer SeiZleba spontanuri iyos imis codnis gareSe Tu saidan modis es
rwmena. magram Cveulebriv Cven SegviZlia im wyaroebis idntifikacia Tu saidan modis is infor-
macia romlidanac yalibdeba codna sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb. es wyaroebia:
socializacia _ sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb Cveni codnis umetesoba momdinareobs socializaciidan.
bavSvobidan Cven garkveuli maneriT gvepyrobian mSoblebi, maswavleblebi, megobrebi.
vmonawileobT kulturul eTnikur, da religiur aqtiobebSi _ romlebic mogvianebiT TviT Cveni
mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi xdebian. erTi sityviT yoveli maTgani gansazRvravs Cvens identurobas.
amdenad, socializacia ayalibebs Cveni adreuli gamocdilebis birTvs, romlis gaSinaganeba
xdeba rogorc me koncefciis mniSvnelovani aspeqti.
refleqsirebuli Sefaseba _ Cveni Tavis Sesaxeb codnas Cven vigebT im reaqciebidan rac aqvs
sxva adamianebs Cvenze. kulim (C. H. Qooly-1902) SemogvTavaza `sarkisebuli mes~ (Looking –glass self)

4
cneba rac gulisxmobs imas, rom adamianebi aRiqvaven Tavis Tavs rogorc sxvebi aRiqvaven da
reagireben masze. Cvens percepcias, Tu rogor reagireben sxvebi Cvenze, uwodeben re-
fleqsirebul Sefasebas. saintereso da originaluri kvleviT boifinma da misma kolegebma,
TvalsaCino gaxades `refleqsirebuli Sefasebis~ mniSvneloba. kvlevaSi kaTolike studentebi
aTvaliereben mRvdlis anu ucnobi individis gabrazebuli saxis suraTebs. Semdeg studentebs
Txovdnen SeefasebinaT TavianTi zogierTi pirovnuli Tvisebebi. Sedegebi miuTiTeben rom
praqtikosi kaTolikebi romlebsac Sesafaseblad awvdidnen gabrazebuli mRvdlis suraTebs Ta-
vianT Tavs afasebdnen ufro mkacrad vidre arapraqtikosi kaTolikebi, romlebsac Sesa-
faseblad awvdidnen MmRvdlis suraTs an kaTolikebs romlebsac Sesafasebled awvdidnen
ucnobi individis suraTs. kvlevis avtorebi varaudobdnen , rom swored gabrazebuli mRvdlis
suraTis xSiri yureba sakmarisi aRmoCnda me-s imijis gamosawvevad.
ukukavSiri sxvebidan. varaudoben ,rom xSirad garSemo myofi adamianebi aSkara ukukavSirs
gvaZleven CvenTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. es procesi xSirad iwyeba socializaci-
is procesTan erTad, rodesac mSoblebi eubnebian Svilebs Tu rogori musikaluri smena aqvT
maT, an nu arian ase morcxvebi ucxoebTan, rom maTematikaSi arc Tu ise Zlierebi arian. zoga-
dad , rom vTqvaT arsebobs myari urTierToba Tu ras fiqroben mSoblebi bavSvebis unarebis
Sesaxeb da amave ganzomilebaSi me _ koncefcias Soris. gviani bavSvobasa da adreul axal-
gazrdobaSi mniSvnelovani xdeba ukukavSiri Tanatolebidan. SemdgomSi Cndeba ukukavSiris ax-
ali wyaroebi da a.S. saerTo jamSi aRmoCnda rom adamianebi did mniSvnelobas aniWeben
ukukavSirebs roca saqme exeba maT pirovnul atributebs. obieqturi ukukavSiri imdenad mniS-
vnelovani aRmoCnda, rom is ganixileba ufro samarTliani da naklebad mcdari vidre pirovnu-
li azri. amdenad miuTiTeben rom sxvebis azri mxedvelobaSi misaRebia gansakuTrebiT Tu es
azri adamianebis didi raodenobis mieraa ganawilebuli. es gvafiqrebinebs rom aseTi bevris
mier ganawilebuli azri WeSmaritia.
TviTaRqma. rogorc bemis `TviTaRqmis~ Teoriis ganxilvisas vnaxeT, adamianebi TavianTi pi-
rovnuli Tvisebebis Sesaxeb askvnian agreTve sakuTari qcevaze dakvirvebidan. Tumca, rogorc
amas bemis `TviTaRqmis~ Teoria varaudobs sakuTari codnis es wyaro SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos
sakuTari me-s im aspeqtebisaTvis romlebic gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobiT da centralurobiT
ar gamoirCevian. rogorc bemi aRniSnavs Cven ar gvWirdeba davakvirdeT Cvens qcevas Tu rogor
varCevT yavavilebs dedis dabadebis dRisaTvis raTa davaskvnaT rom deda gviyvars. sakuTari mes
– mraval mniSvnelovan aspeqtebs aqvT naTeli Sinagani referentuloba rwmenebis, ganwyobebis
da afeqturi upiratesobis miniWebis formiT. amdenad , varaudoben , rom TviT _ aRqma , rogorc
sakuTari Tavis codnis wyaro pirvel rigSi gulisxmobs mes – metnaklebad SemTxveviT
aspeqtebs.
gansxvavebuloba. me_koncefciaze Zlier gavlenas axdenen agreTve faqtorebi , romliTac indi-
videbi gansxvavdebian sxvebisagan . magaliTad erT erT kvlevaSi studentebs Txoves moeTxroT
sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb (`gviambeT Tqvens Sesaxeb~.) aRmoCnda rom studentebi xSirad miuTiTeben
TavianT TavSi iseT aspeqtebze, riTac isini sxvebisgan gansxvavdebodnen. biWebi ufro amJRavneb-
denen temdencias mieTiTebianT im faqtze rom arian biWebi, Tu is ojaxSi aris erTaderTi biWi.
Tu subieqt gogonas yavs sami da aRmoCnda, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi is iSviaTad miuTiTebs rom is
aris gogona. amasTan aRmoCnda,rom Cvens TavSi mivuTiTebT iseT rameze rac gansxvavebuls
gvxdis sxvebisgan konkretul situaciaSi. ase mag. afro_amerikuli qali ufro miuTiTebs , rom
is aris afro amerikuli Tu jgufSi SedarebiT mcire raodenobis afro amerikelia . maSin
rocaa is ufro xSirad usvams xazs im faqts rom is aris qali , Tu is aris jgufis wevri sa-
dac umetesoba mamakacia.
socialuri Sedareba. roca gvsurs Cveni Tavis Sefaseba konkretul ganzomilebaSi an TvisebaSi
xSirad informacia ar aris xelmisawvdomi. mag. Tu gvsurs gavigoT ramdenad kargi moWadrakeebi
varT , ar arsebobs testi romelic amas gazomavs. aseT situaciaSi Cvens pirovnul Tvisebebs
vafasebT Cveni Tavis sxvasTan SedarebiT. am process uwodeben socialur Sedarebas. amasTan
aRmoCnda rom SedarebisaTvis viyenebT metnaklebad Cvens msgavs sxvas. mag. Tu gvsurs gavigoT
Tu ramdenad kargad viciT Wadrakis TamaSi, Sesadarebel partniorad virCevT daaxloebiT Cvens
msgavs sxvas, daaxloebiT Cvenive donis moTamaSes. Tu Sesafaseblad avirCieT Cvengan Zalian
gansxvavebuli sxva SefasebaSi ueWvelad SevcdebiT.
socialuri identuroba. socialuri idneturoba aris me_koncefciis mniSvnelovani nawili, ro-
melic mimdinareobs individis jgufis (an jgufebis) wevrobidan, Rirebulebisa da emocionalur
mniSvnelobasTan erTad, romelic dakavSirebulia jgufis wevrobasTan. es jgufi SeiZleba iyos
ojaxi , megobrebi, religiuri an eTnikuri jgufi romelic aSuqebs da amtkicebs mes mniSvnelo-
van aspeqtebs. bavSvobaSi, jgufi romlis wevricaa is, ganixileba rogorc socializaciis na-
wili. adamiani ibadeba ojaxSi garkveuli eTnikur da zogjer religiur jgufSi. individi
rogorc mozrdili, atributebs, romelsac is Rirebulad Tvlis miyavs iqamde, rom irCevs wev-
robisTvis im jgufs, romelic asaxavs da amtkicebs am Rirebulebebs. amdenad me koncefcia da
socialuri identuroba urTierT adetermineben da amtkiceben.

5
socialuri identurobis umravlesi kvlevebi fokusirebulia eTnikur identurobaze eTnikuri
identuroba aris individis mes codnis nawili, romelic exeba misi garkveuli eTnikuri jgufis
wevrobas. amitom mes_ grZnobis Camoyalibebam SeiZleba warmoSvas garkveuli sakiTxebi da
problemebi umciresobis jgufis wevrebisTvis. magaliTad afro_amerikelebisaTvis, azieli
amerikelebisaTvis, aborigeni amerikelebisaTvis da a.S. , mozardobisa da adreuli axalgazrdo-
bis periodSi roca xdeba me- koncefciis Camoyalibeba, SeiZleba Zneli iyos eTnikuri fonis
morgeba mTavar kulturasTan . mTavar kulturasTan morgebis procesSi zogierTma SeiZleba
SeZlos rogorc mTavar kulturasTan ise sakuTar eTnikur jgufTan identifikacia, romelic
qmnis e.w. bikulturul an integrirebul identurobas. zogierTi SesaZloa axdens Zlier eT-
nikur identurobas(sakuTar jgufTan) magram sust kavSirs amJRavnebs umravlesobis kultu-
rasTan da viRebT e.w. separatiul identurobas. Tu individi uars ambobs sakuTar eTnikur
memkvidreobaze mTavari kulturis sasargeblod, amboben rom moxda asimilacia. SeiZleba
moxdes, rom individma ganaviTaros susti kavSirebi rogorc sakuTar eTnikur ase mTavar kul-
turasTan da Tavi igrZnos orive kulturis gareT myofad.
kvlevebi aCveneben, rom identifikaciaSi es gansxvavebebi mniSvnelovania radgan maTze
dayrdnobiT SeiZleba viwinaswarmetyveloT kontaqtebis raodenoba, romelic individebs aqvT
TavianT eTnikur jgufTan da mTavar kulturasTan. kulturaTa Soris urTierTobis da ur-
TierT morgebis, umciresobis kulturis umravlesobasTan adaptaciis udidesi mniSvnelobis
gamo gaCnda interesi gaerkviaT ra gansazRvravs adamianebis eTnikur an rasiul jgufTan myar
identifikacias. kvlevebma aCvena, rom afro_amerikuli kolejis studentebi romelTa mSoblebi
iyvnen umetesad Savkaniani organizaciis wevrebi romlebic ganicdian rasizmis an rasiuli
prejudisebis gavlenas ufro advilad iRebdnen afro amerikul fons rogorc Zlier saxes ma-
Tive koncefciisa. aRmoCnda, rom eTnikurobasTan dakavSirebul aqtiobaSi monawileoba da ro-
melic ganxilul iqna garkveuli maneriT eTnikuri an rasiuli fonis gamo, kvebavs eTnikuri
identurobis grZnobas. arsebobs mosazreba, rodesac prejudisebis an diskriminaciis gamo-
cdilebiT eTnikuri identuroba izrdeba, individebs uyalibdebaT ufro Raribi me-koncefcia an
dabali TviT_Sefaseba, magram mTeli rigi kvlevebi am faqts ar adastureben. erTi sityviT
marTalia arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT magram mkvlevarebi ixrebian
iqiTken,rom rodesac individebi iReben negatiur ukukavSirs maTi rasiuli da eTnikuri iden-
turobis gamo is Tavis TviTSefasebis dacvis mizniT prjudisebis atribucias axdens Semfa-
seblebTan, rom es maT axasiaTebT prejidusebi da arafer SuaSia maTi sakuTari maxasiaTeblebi.
rom SevajamoT sakuTari mes codna emyareba mraval wyaros: adrindeli socializacia, re-
fleqsirebuli Sefaseba, ukukavSiri sxvebidan, TviTaRqma, sxvebisgan gansxvavebuloba, so-
cialuri Sedareba da socialuri jgufis wevroba (socialuri identuroba). zogjer SesaZloa
Cven viciT vin varT imis codnis gareSe Tu saidan modis es codna.
mes_codnis aspeqtebi
dgeba sakiTxi ra formas iRebs Cveni codna sakuTari mes Sesaxeb, anu rwmenebi romlebic Cven
gvaqvs sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb rogoraa warmodgenili cnobierebaSi?
mes sqema rogorc adre avRniSneT sqema aris kogniciis organizebuli, struqturirebuli wyeba
ama Tu im koncefciis an stimulis Sesaxeb. ise rogorc adamianebs aqvT kogniciis organizebu-
li sistema (sqema) imaze Tu ras warmoadgenen sxva adamianebi da movlenebi, adamianebs aqvT
aseTive sqema Tavis Tavis Sesaxeb. e.w. me-sqemebi aRwers im ganzomilebebs ra ganzomilebebiTac
isini fiqroben TavianTi Tavis Sesaxeb. mag. SeiZleba individi TavisTavs ganixilavs damoukide-
blobis miRwevisa da misi demonstrirebis ganzomilebaSi, rom uars ambobs mSoblebisagan mii-
Ros fuladi daxmareba swavlis gasagrZeleblad an SeiZleba individi TavisTavs Tvlis ufro
damokidebulad sxvebze, bevrs fiqrobs imaze Tu rogor daicvas Tavisi uSiSroeba, zrunavs
imaze rom yavdes mis irgvliv adamianebi, romlebsac SeiZleba daeyrdnos da a.S. aseT SemTxveva-
Si amboben rom adamians gaaCnia sakuTari mes Zlieri sqema, romelsac mimarTeba aqvs damoukide-
bloba-damokidebulebis ganzomilebasTan. meores mxriv, am ganzomilebas SeiZleba individ-
isTvis ar hqondes didi mniSvneloba. aseT SemTxvevaSi sakiTxebis ganxilvis procesSi individi
ar gamoiyenebs am sqemebs. Sesabamisad individi SeiZleba aRwerili iqnas rogorc adamiani ro-
melsac ar gaaCnia `damoukidebloba-damokidebulebis~ ganzomilebis sqema.
adamianebi eyrdnobian sqemebs im ganzomilebaSi, romlebic miaCniaT maTTvis gan-
sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad. Tu damoukidebloba individisTvis aris mniSvnelovani da fiqrobs,
rom aris ukiduresad damoukidebeli es niSnavs, rom is axdens TavisTavis Sesaxeb mniSvnelo-
vani codnis akumulirebas am sakiTxSi. is darwmunebuli iqneba, rom arasodes ar mimarTavs
sxvas daxmarebisaTvis. rodesac adamians aqvs sqema garkveul ganzomilebaSi, es exmareba mas
moaxdinos situaciis identifikacia rogorc relevanturi am ganzomilebisa. magaliTad Tu in-
dividi TavisTavs ganixilavs rogorc damoukidebels, is advilad SeamCnevs, rom rTuli in-
struqciis mqone axali stereo sistemis yidva misi awyobisTvis moiTxovs damoukidebel qcevas.
ufro metic, imis gacnobiereba, rom situacia aris sqemis relevanturi, gaxdeba individis
qcevis ganmsazRvreli. amrigad unda moxdes ara marto imis gacnobiereba, rom situacia moiTx-

6
ovs damoukidebel qcevas, aramed imasac, rom individi marto darCeba am rTuli instruqciis
winaSe da unda aawyos is.
adamianebs sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb SeiZleba agreTve hqondeT kargad Camoyalibebuli,
sakmaod organizebuli rwmenebi, TavianTi uaryofiTi Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. magaliTad adamiani,
romelic Tvlis rom zedmetad Warbi wona aqvs, advilad SeamCnevs, rom situacia romelic
WamasTanaa dakavSirebuli, misTvis mniSvnelovania. is daiwyebs Tavisi menius dagegmvas, sakvebis
kaloriulobis gamoTvlas da a.S. adamiani romelsac aqvs wonasTan dakavSirebuli sqema ufro
aqcevs yuradRebas sxva adamianis wonasTan dakavSirebul qcevebs.
adamianebs aqvT me-koncefcia ara marto TavianTi myari TvisebebTan mimarTebaSi aramed im
TvisebebTan mimarTebaSic rogorebic SesaZloa mniSvnelovani pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi
gaxdnen odesme momavalSi. am koncefciebs uwodeben SesaZlebel `me~-s. eseni SeiZleba iyvnen
miznebi da rolebi, romliskenac miiswrafian adamianebi. es SeiZleba iyos studentis survili
gaxdes fsiqologi da a.S. umravlesoba SesaZlebeli me-Cveulebriv pozitiuria. rac miuTiTebs
imaze, rom adamianebi TavianT momavals upiratesad dadebiTi SinaarsebiT xedaven Sevsebuls.
Tumca zogierTi SesaZlebeli me SesaZloa asaxavdes SiSs an eWvs momavalTan dakavSirebiT. Ses-
aZlebeli `me~ - moqmedebs iseve rogorc Cveulebrivi sakuTari `me~ sqemebi. SesaZlebeli `me~
sqemac exmareba adamians miznebis dasaxvaSi, qcevebis CamoyalibebaSi, romlebic daexmareba
miznebis ganxorcielebaSi.
amrigad, sakuTari `me~-s sqemebs, SesaZlebeli `me~-s CaTvliT aqvs mravali mniSvnelovani
funqcia. individs, codna sakuTari pirovnuli Tvisebebis Sesaxeb , exmareba swrafad gansazRv-
ros aris Tu ara situacia relevanturi. sqemebi exmareba individs gaixsenon sqemebis Sesabamisi
informacia, Seafasos adrindeli qcevis mniSvneloba da miiRos gadawyvetileba, romelic war-
marTavs momaval qcevas.
Sinagani winaaRmdegoba. sakuTari `me~-s kidev erTi aspeqti romelic gavlenas axdens individis
azrovnebasa da qcevaze, aris winaaRmdegoba, romelic arsebobs imaT Soris rasac warmoadgens
individi faqtiurad da rogoric unda rom iyos an fiqrobs rom unda iyos. varaudoben, rom
aseTi winaaRmdegoba faqtiur da idealur `me~-s Soris iZleva Zlier emociebs. rodesac indi-
vidi ganicdis gansvlas mis pirovnuli Tvisebebsa da imas Soris rogoric surs idealurad
iyos (idealuri me ), is ganicdis imedgacurebas, daukmayofileblobas. erTi sityviT, varau-
doben rom gansvla realur me-sa da imas Soris rogoric vfiqrobT rom unda viyoT (unda vi-
yoT `me~), warmoSobs emociebs rogoricaa SiSi da SfoTva. miuxedavad imisa , rom sakuTar `me~-
s Sesaxeb rwmenebi droTa ganmavlobaSi icvleba, aRmoCnda, rom idealuri `me~-s da unda iyos
`me~-s gamoyeneba da Sinagani winaaRmdegobis zegavlena individis sakuTari Tavis grZnobaze
sakmaod myari rCeba.
TviTregulacia
TviTregulacia exeba adamianis unars daakontrolon da warmarTon sakuTari aqtiobebi.
Cveulebriv adamianebs aqvT Semonaxuli uamravi informacia Tavis Tavis, pirovnuli maxasi-
aTeblebis, miznebisa da survilebis, momavalSi TavisTavze koncefciis Sesaxeb. dgeba sakiTxi,
rogoraa isini dakavSirebuli individis mimdinare grZnobebTan da aqtiobebTan? rogorc
vxedavT sakiTxi exeba imas Tu sakuTari me-(self) rogor aregulirebs azrovnebas, emocias da aq-
tiobas socialur situaciaSi. es sakiTxi ki ganixileba egerdwodebul moqmedi me-koncefciis
cnebasTan mimarTebaSi.
moqmedi me-koncefcia. Tu me-koncefiis romeli aspeqti axdens gavlenas azrovnebaze da mimdi-
nare qcevaze umTavresad damokidebulia imaze me-koncefciis romeli aspeqtia konkretuli
situaciis relevanturi. me-koncefiis im aspeqts, romelic konkretuli situaciis relevanturia
uwodeben moqmed me-koncefcias. mag. studentis sauniversiteto cxovrebaSi (vTqvaT seminarebze,
leqciebze). azrebisa da grZnobebis determinaciaSi dominirebuli iqneba e.w. akademiuri `me~ ,
magram Tu saqme exeba kvira dRis qalaqgare piknikis organizacias, dominanturi gaxdeba so-
cialuri `me~. amrigad moqmedi `me~-koncefciis mniSvneloba ganisazRvreba imiT rom is emyareba
individis zogad me-koncefcias, magram is qcevas warmarTavs specifikur situaciaSi da amasTan
Tavis mxriv icvleba situaciis gavleniT.
moqmedi me-koncefcia zogejr SeiZleba winaaRmdegobaSi movides zogad me-koncefciasTan.
mag. Tu gaixsenebT roca uTanxmoeba da uxeSi kamaTi gqondaT megobarTan , eCxubeT kidec mas
aRmoaCineT, rom amis Semdeg Tqven ver grZnobdiT Tavs kargad, magram , Tqven albaT gaqvT sta-
biluri grZnoba Tqveni Tavis Sesaxeb- rom xarT kargi pirovneba, romelTanac urTierToba ad-
vilia. im kerZo SemTxvevis Semdeg , SesaZloa Tundac ramdenime saaTis an dRis ganmavlobaSi
sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb ar gqondeT maincdamainc kargi azri. magram garkveuli drois Semdeg
Tqven bazisuri me-koncefcia imarjvebs da sakuTar Tavs ganixilavT isev dadebiTi maxasi-
aTeblebiT. miuxedavad im faqtisa , rom SeiZleba iyos SemTxvevebi roca Tqven ar xarT aseTi.
aRmoCnda, rom miuxedavad amisa cvlileba moqmed me-koncefciaSi gamoiwvevs cvlilebas
bazisur me koncepciaSi Tu moqmedi me koncepcia droSi stabiluri gaxdeba. mag. studenti
swavlis periodSi, SeiZleba ar Tvlides, rom is bunebiT aris avtoritari, magram Tu swavlis
damTavrebis Semdeg iwyebs muSaobas garkveuli jgufis xelmZRvanelad da es gagarZldeba

7
sakmaod xangrZlivad SesaZloa avtoritarizmi gaxdes misi me-koncefciis mniSvnelovani kompo-
nenti. is ar iyo avtoritari, magram gaxda imitom rom aRmoCnda situaciaSi romelic aRZravs
avtoritarul maneras. moqmedi me-koncefcia gaxda bazisuri koncefciis komoponenti.
me koncefciis kompleqsuroba. sakuTari me-s kidev erTi aspeqti, romelic mniSvnelovania
TviTregulaciisTvis aris me-s kompleqsuroba. zogierTs Tavis Tavi gaazrebuli aqvs erTi an
ori dominirebuli TvisebiT maSin roca zogierTi Tavis Tavs ganixilavs mravali pirovnuli
Tvisebebis TvalsazrisiT. mag. studentma SeiZleba gaiazros TavisTavi umTavresad rogorc
studenti da mTeli misi yuradRebisa da rwmenis fokusireba moaxdinos imaze , Tu ramdenad
kargad axerxebs swavlas, codnis SeZenas. maSin roca sxvam SeiZleba TavisTavi gaiazros
rogorc studenti da amave dros rogorc Svili, rogorc megobari, rogorc sportuli gundis
wevri da a.S. saintereso mosazreba SemogvTavazes mkvelavrebma martivi da rTuli me-
koncefciis individebs Soris gansxvavebis analizisas.
varaudoben, rom martivi me-koncefciis mqone individebs maTTvis mniSvnelovan sferoSi
warmateba udides biZgs aZlevs SemdgomisTvis. magram, sakmaod mowyvladni arian waru-
mateblobis mimarT. mag. studenti, romelsac mTeli yuradReba gamocdebze miRebul niSnebze
aqvs mimarTuli da iRebs dabal niSans, SeiZleba amis gamo gaxdes Zalian daTrgunvili. maSin,
roca studenti, romelsac rTuli me-koncefcia aqvs SeiZleba erT sferoSi gancdili marcxis
kompensacia moaxdinos im sixaruliT romelsac sxva sferoSi warmatebisagan iRebs. amdenad me-
koncefciis sirTulis pozitiurobam SeiZleba imoqmedos rogorc damcavma meqanizmma stresul
situaciaSi. aman SeiZleba daxmareba gauwios adamians mouaros depresias. warumatebloba
cxovrebis erT sferoSi naklebad damarRvevelia pirovnebisaTvis Tu cxovrebis sxva aspeqtebi
sixarulis da warmatebis momtania.
gamokvlevebi aCveneben rTuli me-koncefciis, rogorc dacviTi meqanizmis mniSvnelobas
adamianebis warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi. magram xazgasmulia agreTve, rom aseT dacviT fun-
qcias asrulebs mxolod da mxolod pozitiuri rTuli me-koncefcia. negatiuri rTuli me-
koncefciebi, ki piriqiT warmoadgenen risk faqtorebs romlebsac depresiisken mivyavarT.
TviT-efeqturoba da pirovnuli kontroli. sakuTari `me~-s erTerTi aspeqti romelic gavlenas
axdens TviT-regulaciaze aris `me~-s efeqturobis rwmena, anu molodini, rom vflobT
garkveuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad Sesatyvis unarebs (bandura, 1986). gveqneba Tu ara survi-
li ganvaxorcielod garkveuli aqtioba, SevecdebiT Tu ara garkveuli amocanis ganxor-
cielebas, davisaxavT Tu ara garkveul miznebs aRmoCnda rom damokidebulia imaze viqnebiT Tu
ara darwmunebuli amocanis efeqturad SesrulebaSi. studenti, romelic aRmoCndeba garkveuli
amocanis winaSe, Tu aqvs Tavisi unarebis rwmena am amocanis efeqturad Sesrulebisa, ufro ad-
vilad gadawyvets daiwyos misi ganxorcieleba vidre is studenti, romelic eWvobs sakuTar
unarebze. mkvlevarebi mividnen im daskvnamde, rom warmateba-marcxis adrindeli gamocdileba
gansazRvravs TviT-efeqturobis sakmaod stabiluri koncefciis Camoyalibebas cxovrebis gan-
sxvavebul sferoebSi.
saWiroa aRiniSnos isic, rom TviT-efeqturobis rwmena aris sakmaod specifikuri da da-
kavSirebulia individis unarebis warmodgenasTan ganaxorcielos garkveuli qcevebi. amdenad es
ar aris ubralod kontrolis zogadi grZnoba. mag. gvinda gavigoT individi ramdenad gulmodg-
ined iSromebs raTa moxvdes fexburTis gundSi, saWiroa vicodeT misi rwmena am sferoSi mis
efeqturobaze da ara saerTod misi pirovnuli efeqturobis grZnoba.

TviTcnobiereba. TviTregulaciaze gavlenas axdens agreTve yuradRebis mimarTuleba, kerZod

yuradReba mimarTulia SigniT, sakuTar meze Tu garemoze. Cveulebriv adamianis yuradReba
garesamyaroskenaa mimarTuli, magram zogjer xdeba yuradRebis Semobruneba sakuTar meze.
samyaroSi garkveuli gamocdileba Cvens yuradRebas avtomaturad warmarTavs sakuTar mesken.
aseTi gamocdilebaa sakuTari mzeris daWera sarkeSi, roca fotosuraTs gviReben, an ufro fa-
qizad roca Cven gvafaseben sxva adamianebi, an roca ubralod jgufur situaciaSi aRmovCndebiT
umciresobaSi. aseT situaciaSi Cven Cvens Tavs vxedavT ara rogorc moqmeds, aramed rogorc
sakuTari an sxva adamianebis yuradRebis obieqts. esaa mdgomareoba romelsac TviTcnobierebas
uwodeben. Cveulebriv, TviTcnobiereba ubiZgebs adamians Tavisi qceva Seafasos ama Tu im
standartebTan mimarTebaSi da aamoqmedebs adaptaciis procesebs am standartebis Sesatyvisad.
sakuTar meze yuradReba aiZulebs adamians TavisTavi Seadaros fizikur da gonebriv
standartebs an moralur Rirebulebebs. adamianebi cdiloben Seesabamebodnen garkveul
standartebs, TavianTi qcevebi Seafason am standartebTan mimarTebaSi, miiRon gadawyvetilebebi
romlebic am standartebs Seesabamebian. da es grZeldeba sanam ar mivlen standartebTan srul
SesatyvisobaSi. am process uwodeben ukukavSirs, xolo Teoriam TviTregulaciis kibernetikuli
Teoriis saxelwodeba miiRo.
raTa gasagebi gaxadon Tu yuradRebis sakuTar meze fokusireba ratomaa mniSvnelovani
TviTregulaciisaTvis miuTiTeben sakuTar meze fokusirebis rolze depresiaSi. mkvlevarebi
amtkiceben, rom SfoTvas an depresias SeuZlia yuradRebis myari fokusireba sakuTar `me~-ze da
amdenad Seamciros efeqturi qcevis kontrolirebis unari garkveuli amocanis Sesrulebisas.

8
e.i. xels uSlis individis aqtivobas socialur garemoSi. amas xsnian imiT, rom daTrgunuli
mdgomareoba iwvevs sakuTar `me~-ze pesimistur fokusirebas. warumateblobaze sapasuxod imed
gacruebuli adamiani yuradRebas sul ufro da ufro mimarTavs Sinagan samyaroze, gansxvavebiT
warmatebuli adamianisgan. individi, romelic yuradRebas mudmivad sakuTar `me~-ze mimarTavs,
amiT is faqtiurad fokusirebuli xdeba Tavis faqtiur qcevasa da sasurvel mdgomareobas So-
ris winaaRmdegobaze. radganac ver poulobs qcevis formas, romelic Seamcirebs am
winaaRmdegobas, yovelive es TandaTanobiT ganapirobebs sakuTari `me~-s Sesaxeb negatiuri xatis
Camoyalibebas. amdenad, depresiuli stili, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia yuradRebis
fokusireba sakuTar `me~-ze, ganixileba rogorc faqtori, romelic xels uwyobs da aZlierebs
kidec ukve arsebul depresiul mdgomareobas.
adamianebs erTmaneTisgan ganasxvaveben imis mixedviT Tu ra xarisxSi aqceven isini yur-
adRebas sakuTari Tavis sazogadoebriv da piradul aspeqtebs. am gansxvavebas uwodeben sazoga-
doebriv da piradul TviTcnobierebas. maRali sazogadoebrivi TviTcnobierebis adamianebs Zi-
riTadad aRelvebT avtonomiurobis da identurobis sakiTxebi. maT gamudmebiT aRelvebT is Tu
ras fiqroben rogori warmodgena aqvT sxvebs maTze. adamianebi, romlebsac aqvT maRali pirad-
uli TviTcnobiereba gamudmebiT axdenen sakuTari Tavis analizs, bevrs fiqroben TavianT
Tavze, ufro yuradRebiani arian sakuTari Sinagani gancdebis mimarT. maRali piraduli
TviTcnobierebis adamianebs aqvT sakuTari `me~-s gamokveTili sqema, maT ukeT ician sakuTari
midrekilebebi. individebi, kargad Camoyalibebuli sazogadoebrivi `me~-Ti met mniSvnelobas sa-
kuTar pirovnul ganwyobebs (atitudebs) aniWeben, magram roca maTi yuradReba gareTaa mimar-
Tuli , isini meti albaTobiT socialur normebs aniWeben mniSvnelobas.
TviTcnobierebis sazogadoebriv da piradul formebs garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs qcevi-
saTvis. rodesac individi sazogadoebrivi cnobierebiT acnobierebs sakuTar `me~-s isini
Seecdebian TavianTi qcevis adaptirebas ise rom Seesabamebodnen garegan standartebs, sxva ada-
mianebis Rirebulebebs, ganwyobebs da gansakuTrebiT maSin roca maT aqvT pirovnuli
TviTcnobierebis dabali done. amisgan gansxvavebiT, rodesac piraduli TviTcnobierebis mqone
individi acnobierebs sakuTar `me~-s isini Sinagani miznebis da rwmenebisadmi iqnebian ufro
yuradRebiT da amdenad ufro Seecdebian iyvnen piraduli standartebis Sesatyvisi.

TviTcnobierebis Sefasebis skala

miuTiTeT eTanxmebiT (diax) Tu ara (ara) qvemoT Camoyalibebul debulebebs.
1. me yovelTvis vcdilob gamovirCeode
2. me vzrunav sakuTar stilze, roca rames vakeTeb.
3. mTlianobaSi me arc ise kargad maqvs gacnobierebuli Cemi Tavi.
4. me bevrs vfiqrob Cems Tavze.
5. me vzrunav formaze Tu rogor vaxden sakuTari Tavis prezentacias.
6. me mawuxebs is rogorc gamoviyurebi.
7. me detalurad arasodes ar vimecneb (Seviswavli) sakuTar Tavs.
8. Cveulebriv me yuradRebiani var sakuTari grZnobebis mimarT.
9. Cveulebriv me vzrunav imaze, rom davtovo kargi STabeWdileba.

Tu eTanxmebiT 1,4, da 8 da ar eTanxmebiT 3 da 7 debulebebs es imas niSnavs, rom Tqveni

maCvenebeli piraduli TviTcnobierebisa maRalia. Tu Tqven eTanxmebiT 2,5,6 da 9 debulebebs,
es imas niSnavs, rom Tqveni sazogadoebrivi TviTcnobierebis maCvenebeli maRalia.
es debulebebi aris nawili TviTcnobierebis sakvlevi skalisa.

motivacia da sakuTari `me~ (Self)

garda zemoT ganxiluli sakiTxebisa, romlebic dakavSirebulia me koncefciis
problemebTan, mniSvnelovania agreTve im motivebis codna, romlebsac TviTregulacia
marTavs. saerTod adamianebi miiswrafian zust, myar da pozitiuri me-koncefciisaken da
miiswrafian situaciisaken, romelic mxars dauWers me-koncefciis am aspeqtebs.
zusti me-koncefciis moTxovnileba. raTa Cveni qcevebis Sedegebi gavxadoT
winaswarmetyvelebadi da kontrolirebadi, saWiroa gvqondes sakuTari unarebis zusti Se-
faseba. miuTiTeben, rom im faqtorebis ar arsebobisas, romlebic aRZraven adamianebs
`SeinarCunon saxe~ an miaRwion warmatebas, isini irCeven amocanebs, romlis Sesrulebisas
isini TavianTi unarebis Sesaxeb miiReben maqsimalur informacias. aseT amocanebs uwodeben
diagnostikur amocanebs (Trope, 1983). mag. Tu kolejis students surs icodes aris Tu ara
kargi mocekvave, is ar wava bavSvTa sacekvao klasSi an profesionali balerinebis Seji-
brebaze. misi cekvis unarebisaTvis diagnostikuri iqneba kolejis sacekvao klubis situacia.
troupis azriT amocanis SerCevisTvis sakuTari `me~-s zusti codna warmoadgens mniSvnelo-
van madeterminirebel faqtors.

9
 myari-me koncefciis moTxovnileba. zusti me-koncefciis moTxovnilebasTna dakavSirebulia
moTxovneileba gvondes mes Sesaxeb grZnoba rom is aris myari, konsistenturi. aRmoCnda, rom
adamianebs aqvT moTxovnileba qondeT SedarebiT myari, stabiluri Tvisebebi. Sesabamisad mi-
uTiTben rom adamianebi miiswrafian situaciisken romlebic Seesabamebian maT me koncefcias
da gaurbian situacias romlebic maT me koncefcias ar Seesabamebian. am process uwodeben
sakuTari me-verifikacias (Self-verification). Swann da Read –ma TavianT kvlevebSi daadastures
rom sxvebTan urTierTobebSi adamianebi iyeneben qceviseul strategiebs romlebic maT me-
koncefcias Seesabamebian. rom adamianebi gaazrebulad irCeven moqmedebas, romelic adas-
turebs sakuTar meze arsebul warmodgenas. es warmodgena gansakuTrebiT aSkaraa, roca ada-
mianebi Tvlian, rom adamianebs maT Sesaxeb araswori warmodgena aqvT Camoyalibebuli.
adamianis moTxovnileba dainaxos Tavisi `me~ rogorc myari vrceldeba TviTregulaciis
sxva aspeqtebzec. aRmoCnda , rom Cveni urTierTqmedeba im adaminebTan romlebic iseve aR-
gviqvaven Cven rogorc Cven aRviqvavT Cven Tavs, metnaklebad SerCeviTia. SesaZlebelia, rom ada-
mianebi specialurad arCeven TavianT Cacmulobas da arCeven niSnebs an simboloebs TavianTi
tansacmlisTvis romlebic miuTiTeben imaze Tu ras warmoadgenen isini,. mag. Tu individs surs
masze ifiqron rom is aris sporcmeni, is iwyebs ufro sportuli tansacmlis tarebas.
myari me-koncefciis moTxovnileba SesaZloa ise Zlieri gaxdes rom gavlena iqonios in-
dividis janmrTelobaze . roca adamianis cxovrebaSi mravali negatiuri movlenebi xdeba,
SeiZleba is daavaddes. erTerTi axsna am faqtisa mdgomareobs imaSi, rom negatiuri gancdebi
SeuTavsebelia adamainis sakuTari me-sadmi pozitiur warmodgenasTan ramac SesaZloa gam-
oiwvios stresi. gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom stresis arakeTilsasurveli gavlenis aseTi axsna Tu
sworia, maSin adamianebi romlebsac negatiuri warmodgena aqvT sakuTar Tavze SeiZleba daa-
vaddnen pozitiuri sasicocxlo movlenebis Sedegadac. es imas niSnavs, rom aseT adaminebSi
bednierma SemTxvevebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios stresi da Sesabamisad maTi avadmyofoba, imitom
rom pozitiuri movlenebi Seusabamo arian sakuTari Tavis SefasebasTan. aRniSnuli sakiTxi
braunma da mak-gilma ikvlies studentebSi. kvlevebma aCvenes, pozitiuri (bednieri)
cxovrebiseuli movlenebi Seesatyvisebian daavadebas im studentebSi romlebisTvisac damaxasi-
aTebeli iyo dabali TviTSefaseba. maSin roca maRali TviTSefasebi studentebisaTvis poziti-
uri cxovrebiseuli movlenebi asocirebuli iyo janmrTelobis karg maCveneblebTan. yovelive
zemoT-Tqmulidan gamomdinareobs,rom adamianebi bevr dros xarJaven im situaciebisa da qcevis
formebis ZiebaSi, romlebic Seesatyvisebian maT me-koncefcias. magram miuTiTeben, rom faqtiu-
rad es ase ar aris. umetes SeTxvevaSi admianebs aqvT SesaZlebloba SeinarCunon TavianTi
TvalsazrisiT TavisTavis Sesaxeb raime aqtiuri cnobieri Zalisxmevis gareSe. sakuTari-me-s
konsistenturi grZnobis SenarCuneba xdeba ojaxSi, megobrebTan , TanamSromlebTan familarul
urTierTobebSi. magram, roca adaminebi sxvebisagan iReben gansxvavebul ukukavSirs, isini moti-
virebulni xdebian, moaxdinon yuradRebis fokusireba me-koncefciisadmi muqaraze da amdenad
ganaxorcielos Zalisxmeva gaaqarwylos araswori Tvalsazrisi.

me-s srulyofa. adamianebs aqvT agreTve sakuTari Tavis srulyofis Zlieri moTxovnileba. ada-
mianebi Cveulebriv cdiloben miaRwion srulyofas im sferoSi ra sferoSic moRvaweoben. nega-
tiuri Sefasebis imsaxurebs e.w. `adgilze tkepnis~ grZnoba. dgeba sakiTxi, ra saxis infor-
maciiT da situaciiT vinteresdebiT, rodesac Cveni mizania TviTsrulyofa (self improvement).
rogorc adre aRvniSneT SesaZlebeli me-s cnebis SemotaniT xazi gaesva adamianis mier Tavis-
Tavis momavalSi xedvis mniSvnelobas. miuTiTeben , rom Cveni sasurveli moqmedebebis kargad
formulirebuli warmodgenebis wyalobiT SegviZlia davisaxoT Sesabamisi miznebi, mivaRwioT
warmatebebs dasaxuli miznebis ganxorcielebaSi da SevafasoT, is Tu ramdenad warmatebuli
varT dasaxuli miznebis miRwevaSi . amrigad SesaZlebeli `me~ gvaZlevs miznebis eqsplicitur
xedvas, romelsac momavlisaTvis visaxavT, da gvexmareba mis miRwevaSi.
TviTsrulyofa xels uwyobs agreTve sxva admianebTan socialur kontaqtebs. anu, Cveni
Tavis sxvasTan, romelsac aqvs sasureli Tviseba da Cveva, Sedareba SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos
individis TviTsrulyofilebisaTvis. am process uwodeben srulyofaze mimarTul Sedarebas.
aRmoCnda, rom adamianebi romlebic Cveni azriT idealurad gamoxataven im Tvisebebs da Cvevebs
romlis miRwevac Cven gvsurs, warmoadgenen CvenTvis rogorc motivatorebs, ise ki im infor-
maciis wyaros, romelic sasargeblo aRmoCndeba TviTsrulyofisaTvis.
TviTSefasebis amaRleba(Self Enhancement). cxadia Cven gvWirdeba zusti da konsistenturi infor-
macia gvqondes Cveni unarebisa da azrebis Sesaxeb. Cven sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb warmodgenis,
sizustisa da konsistenturobis garkveuli xarisxis gareSe mowyvladni viqnebiT ganvaxor-
cieloT mkveTri msjelobebi da gadawyvetilebebi. rogorc mivuTiTeT adre, Cven agreTve
gvWirdeba davsaxoT miznebi, mivaRwioT daostatebas, movipovoT informacia , srulvyoT unarebi,
romlebic mniSvnelovania CvenTvis. adamianis TviTregulaciuri aqtiobebi sakmaodaa deter-
minirebuli moTxovnilebebiT vgrZnobdeT Tavs kargad, mivaRwioT da SevinarCunoT maRali –
TviTSefaseba. amrigad TviTSefasebis amaRlebis (self enhancement) moTxovnileba miuTiTeben,

10
rom warmoadgens erTerT mniSvnelovan Tu ara yvelaze mniSvnelovan fenomens. gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas iZens is situaciaSi roca TviTSefasebas emuqreba saSiSroeba, an warumatebloba.
erTerTi saSualeba, romliTac adamianebi ikmayofileben TavianT TviT gandidebis,
TviTSefasebis amaRlebis moTxovnilebas, aris tendencia gvqondes praadekvaturi poziciuri,
ramdenadme gazviadebuli warmodgena sakuTari unarebisa, talantisa da socialuri Cvevebis
Sesaxeb. teilori am tendencias uwodebs pozitiur iluzias. miuTiTeben rom sul mcire
arsebobs sami tipis pozitiuri iluzia: adamianebi TavianT Tavs afaseben ufro pozitiurad
vidre sinamdvileSi arian; adamianebs sjeraT rom SeuZliaT gaakontrolon movlenebi, rom-
lebic maT exebaT. sinamdvileSi ki es ase ar aris; da maTi optimizmi momavalTan mimarTebaSi
arc ise realuria. mag. rodesac studentebs sTxoves aReweraT TavianTi Tavi da sxvebi poziti-
uri da negatiuri pirovnuli niSnebis gamoyenebiT, umravlesoba TavisTavs ufro dadebiTad
aRwers vidre sxvebs. Cven Cveni Tavis Sesaxeb ufro gvaxsendeba dadebiTi informaciebi, xolo
negatiurebi advilad gvaviwydeba. Cven xSirad vixsenebT Cvens qcevas ufro pozitiurad, vidre
sinamdvileSi iyo. an kidev cxovrebis rTul momentSi aRmoCnda, rom gacilebiT Znelia aR-
vadginoT mexsierebaSi is garemoebebi romelSic ganvicadeT warumatebloba, vidre mivaRwieT
warmatebas.
aRmoCnda, rom Cvens TviTaRqmas tendencia aqvs iyos ufro pozitiuri vidre sxvebi aR-
gviqvamen. dgeba sakiTxi arsebobis raime pirobebi romelSic TavianT TviTSefasebaSi adamianebi
ufro gawonasworebulebi arian. Cveulebriv, adamianebi rodesac arian alternatiuli qcevebi-
dan arCevis situaciaSi, isini sakmaod zustni da TaviTavTan patiosanni arian. magram, rogorc
ki isini am amocanebis cxovrebaSi gatarebas daiwyeben, maTi pozitiuri iluziebi aSkara xdebi-
an. arsebobs monacemebi, rom dabali TviTSefasebis an msubuqi depresiis mqone individebi ufro
miukerZoeblebi arian TviTaRqmaSi,. e.i. maT naklebad aqvT pozitiuri iluziebi. isini Tanabrad
ixseneben rogorc pozitiur ise negatiur infomacias. maTi TviTSefaseba ufro axlosaa sxvebis
mier mocemul SefasebasTan. dgeba sakiTxi, ratom aqvT adamianebs TviTSefasebis pozitiuri
iluziebi? teilori da brauni (1188)varaudoben rom TviTgandidebas an pozitiur iluzias aqvs
adaptaciuri Rirebuleba. aRmoCnda, rom momavlisadmi ararealuri optimizmi da pirovnuli
kontrolis mcdari grZnoba exmareba adamians ufro dadebiTi warmodgena Seiqmnas Tavisi Tavis
Sesaxeb da dasaxos xangrZlivi gegmebi Tavisi miznebis misaRwevad. roca dadebiTi grZniba
gvaqvs sakuTar Tavze, varT bednierebi, Cveni socialuri urTierTobebi ufro sasurvelad mim-
dinareoben da vxdebiT ufro damxmare sxvebis mimarT. sakuTari Tavis mimarT kargi
damokidebuleba qmnis myar motivacias aqtiuri monawileoba miviRoT produqtiul da
SemoqmedebiT saqmianobaSi.
sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu romelia ufro mniSvnelovani adamianisTvis iyos zusti TiTSe-
fasebaSi, Tu qondes pozitiuri iluzia sakmao polemikuri gaxda. miuTiTeben, rom adamianebs
romlebic gamoirCevian cnobierebis intuitiuri wyobiT aqvT TiTgandidebis tendencia, xolo
cnobierebis analitikuri, racionaluri tipis adamianebi miiswrafian ufro zusti, myari infor-
maciisaken. Tvlian, rom motivaciis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad kulturazea damokidebuli . Seer-
Tebul StatebSi (e.i. dasavlur kulturaSi ) adamianebs ufro midrekileba aqvT TviTSefasebis
amaRlebisaken, maSin roca iaponelebi (aRmosavluri kultura) miznad isaxaven TviTsrulyofis
amocanas, amitom maTgan ufro mosalodnelia TviTkritikuloba.
TviTregulaciiT marTul motivebs Soris metnaklebad kargadaa Seswavlili TviTSe-
fasebis amaRleba . amasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs ramodenime Teoria:
1. TviT-ganmtkiceba(self affirmation). varaudoben, rom TviTgandidebis moTxovnileba gan-
sakuTrebiT gamokveTili xdeba muqaris pirobebSi. rodesac romelime mniSvnelovani amocanis
gadawyvetaSi warumateblobis gamo TviTpativiscema aRmoCndeba muqaris pirobebSi, adamianebi
cdiloben xazi gausvan an ama Tu im gziT ganamtkicon TavianTi dadebiTi Tvisebebi, raTa
moaxdinon warumateblobis konpensireba. mag. studenti, romelic Znelad axerxebs Seguebas ax-
al kolegebTan amayad iwyebs im Tavisi sportuli prizebis demonstrirebas, romelic miRebuli
hqonda saskolo cxovrebis periodSi. klod stilis (steele,1988) TviT-ganmtkicebis Teoria
iZleva myar safuZvels davuSvaT, rom adamianebi sakuTari Rirsebis grZnobisadmi muqaras
uvlian sakuTar me-s im aspeqtebis ganmtkicebiT, romlebic muqaris wyarosTan ar aris da-
kavSirebuli. saintereso eqsperimenti Caatares am prgramasTan dakavSirebiT braunma da smartma
(Braun , Smart., 1991). eqsperimentSi inteleqtis unarebis Sesamowmebeli cru testebiT ikvlies
maRali da dabali TviTpativiscemis mqone studentebi warmatebis da warumateblobis situa-
ciaSi. Semdeg subieqtebs Txovdnen SeefasebinaT TavianTi Tavi mTeli rigi zedsarTavebiT,
romlebic gamoxatavdnen pirovnul niSnebs. nawili zedsarTavebisa gamoxatavda socialur
Tvisebebs , xolo nawili-pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs da Tvisebebs ,romelic exeboda davalebas,
romlis SesrulebisaTvis subieqtebi iRebnen Sefasebas. maRali TviTpativiscemis mqone
subieqtebi, romlebmac ganicades warumatebloba, davalebis Sesrulebisas axdendnen TavianTi
socialuri Tvisebebis gadafasebas. es Sedegi Seesatyviseboda TviTganmtkicebis Teoriis
prognozebs. magram dabali TviTpativiscemis subieqtebma gaakeTes amis sawinaaRmdego. maT ga-
nazogades warumateblobis gamocdileba. maTi TviTSefaseba rogorc inteleqtualuri Tvisebeb-
11
isa ise socialuri moqmedebebisa iyo dabali. varaudoben, rom marTalia Teoriis mier Semo-
Tavazebuli debulebebi mTlianobaSi marTebulia, magram ufro samarTliania maRali TviTpa-
tiviscemis mqone individebis mimarT vidre dabali TviTpativiscemis mqone individebis mimarT.
2. taseris TviTSefasebis SenarCunebis modeli (tasser, 1988) . taserma da misma kolegebma
gaaanalizes kidev erTi socialuri meqanizmi riTac adamianebi inarCuneben TavianTi Tavis
Sesaxeb dadebiT STabeWdilebebs. kerZod ,rogor reagireben isini roca sxvebi emuqrebian an
amtkiceben maT pirovnuli `me~-s grZnobas. mag. rogor iqneba Tqveni, studentis, reaqcia roca
gaigeT, rom Tqvenma megobarma miiRo umaRlesi prizi studenturi naSromisaTvis. gagixarde-
bodaT Tqveni megobris warmateba da mouTmenlad mouyvebodiT sxvebs mis warmatebis Sesaxeb?
Tu dageuflebodaT Suris grZnoba da Tavs CaTvlidiT ubedurad radgan megobris aseTi war-
mateba gagrZnobinebdaT rom arc Tu ise warmatebuli studenti xarT. erTi sityviT sxva ada-
mianis warmateba ra SemTxvevaSi aamaRlebs Tqvens TviTSefasebas an ra SemTxvevaSi daemuqreba
Tqvens Rirsebas. swored am kiTxvebze iZleva pasuxs taseris TviTSefasebis mxardaWeris
modeli.
modelSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia TviTSefasebis amaRlebis motivze. Cveni socialuri
wris wevrebis qcevam SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos Cvens TviTSefasebaze, roca Cven fsiqolo-
giurad Zalian axlos varT masTan. modelSi aseTi siaxloveESeiZleba Camoyalibdes mag. mego-
barTan an axlo naTesavTan. amasTan axlobloba SeiZleba daefuZnos iseT maxasiaTeblebs
rogoricaa rasa, sqesi, religiuri aRmsarebloba an fizikuri siaxlove. erTi sityviT CvenTvis
axlobeli adamianebis qceva ufro Zlier axdens Cvenze gavlenas vidre fsiqologiurad
Cvengan daSorebuli adamianebi.
garda amisa taseri laparakobs situaciaze, romelSic sxva adamiani ukeTesad iqceva
vidre Cven. sxva adamianis qcevas naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni TviT SefasebisaTvis roca
misi SesaZlebloba aris saSualo an cudi. taseris azriT , kritikuli situacia iqmneba, roca
CvenTvis axlobeli adamiani davalebas asrulebs Zalian kargad. aseT situaciaSi ra gan-
sazRvravs Cvens reaqcias? gagviCndeba Cven siamayis grZnoba Tu Cveni Tavis masTan Sedarebas
eqneba negatiuri xasiaTi? miuTiTeben rom ZiriTad faqtors warmoadgens Seesabameba Tu ara
Sesafasebeli qceva Cvens TviT-definicias. Tu Cvens magaliTSi , studenti ocnebobs gaxdes
mowinave studenti, maSin informaciam, rom megobari masze warmmatebulia ukve emuqreba mis
TviTSefasebas da warmoSobs Suris da diskomfortis grZnobas. magram, Tu students arc Tu
ise awuxebs Tavisi unarebi da ar ganixilavs Tavis warmatebebs studentur saqmianobaSi
rogorc sakuTari `me~-sTvis Sesatyvis , maSin megobris warmateba masSi gamoiwvevs
kmayofilebas radgan is ar emuqreba mis TviT-Sefasebas.
ufro formalur terminebSi , Teoria SeiZleba Semdegnairad SevajamoT:
1. Sefasebis efeqti. roca sxva Cvenze ukeTesad asrulebs qcevas , romelic Cveni TviT gan-
sazRvris relevanturia, rac ufro ukeTesia misi Sesruleba da rac ufro axloa Cveni masTan
urTierToba , miT ufro didia TviTSefasebis muqara. Sedegad , ganvicdiT Surs, frustracias
da Tundac gabrazebasac ki .
2. refleqsiis efeqti. rodesac sxva ukeTesad asrulebs saqmes romelic Cveni TviT-
gansazRvrebis irelevanturia, rac ufro ukeTesia misi Sesruleba da rac ufro mWidroa Cveni
masTan urTierToba, miT ufro SeiZleba miviRoT sargebeli TviTSefasebaSi. refleqsiis pro-
cess mivyavarT pozitiur grZnobamde da siamayemde, sxvisi warmatebis SemTxvevaSi.
adamianebs romelTa TviTSefaseba mcirdeba axlo megobris warmatebis Sedegad, SeuZliaT
Secvalon situacia da amiT Tavidan aicilon negatiuri grZnobebi. erT-erTi meTodi situaciis
Secvlisa warmatebul megobarTan fsiqologiuri siaxlovis xarisxis Semcirebaa. meore meTodi
iqneba , TviT-gansazRvrulobis Secvla. adamianma (Cvens magaliTSi studentma) SeiZleba CaT-
valos, rom warmatebuli studentoba bolosdabolos ar aris misi ambicia. Semdegi midgoma
SeiZleba iyos SesrulebaSi gansxvavebis Secvla. studentma SeiZleba gaaumjobesos studenturi
cxovreba meti mondomebiT da enTuziazmiT an daarwmunos Tavis Tavi, rom megobris warmateba
emyareboda sxva rames da ara mis unars.
amrigad individebis warmateba, romlebic fsiqologiurad axlos arian CvenTan SeiZleba gan-
sxvavebulad iqnas miRebuli. zogjer is SeiZleba miRebul iqnas siamovnebiT, zogjer ki iwvevs
tanjvas.

socialuri Sedarebis Teoria

rogorc adre mivuTiTeT socialuri Sedareba SeiZleba sakuTari Tavis codnis mniSvnelovani
wyaro iyos. roca gvinda vicodeT ramdenad gvaxasiaTebs esa Tu is Tviseba da obieqturi in-
formacia xelmiuwvdomelia, Cveni Tavis sxvasTan SedarebiT SegviZlia amis metnaklebi sizust-
iT gageba. es idea warmoadgens socialuri Sedarebis ZiriTad sakiTxs.
socialuri Sedarebis Teoriis avtoria leon festinjeri. misi azriT adamianebi motivirebuli
arian zustad Seafason TavianTi unarebis done da atitudebis siswore. amisaTvis isini TavianT

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unarebs da atitudebs sxvebis unarebs da atitudebs adareben. socialuri Sedarebis Teoria
emyareba Semdeg ZiriTad debulebebs:

1 adamianebs aqvT moTxovnileba Seafason TavianTi azrebi da unarebi zustad.

2. uSualo fizikuri standartebis ararsebobisas , adamianebi TavianT Tavs sxva adami-
anebTan SedarebiT afaseben.
3 zogadad adamianebi arCeven TavianTi Tavi msgavs sxvas Seadaron.
festenjerma, Tavisi Sroma socialuri Sedarebis Sesaxeb gamoaqveyna 1994 wels. mas Semdeg dia-
pazoni socialuri Sedarebisa sakmaod Seicvala, gafarTovda da garTulda. dRes varaudoben ,
rom adamianebi ayalibeben SedarebiT Sefasebas aramarto TavianTi unarebisa da Tvalsazrisis
Sesaxeb aramed agreTve TavianT emociebze, pirovnebaze da iseT parametrebzec rogoricaa
prestiJi da xelfasi. socialuri Sefaseba gavlenas axdens socialuri cxovrebs mraval
aspeqtebze. mag. rwmena rom sakuTari socialuri an eTnikuri jgufi aris uares ekonomiur da
socialur mdgomareobaSi vidre sxva jgufebi, SeiZleba gaxdes ukamyofilebisa da jgufebs So-
ris konfliqtis mizezi. da a.S.
socialuri Sedarebis mizani.
festinjeris azriT socialuri Sedarebis ZiriTadi mizania sizuste- dRes ki varaudioben, rom
socialuri Sefasebaze SeiZleba gansxvavebuli motivebi moqmedebdes da SeiZleba gansxvavebul
miznebs emsaxurebodes. esaa motivebi, romlebic farTe gagebiT aRZraven TviTregulaciis moTx-
ovnilebebs:
zusti TviTSefaseba. rogorc festinjeri miuTiTebda zogjer adamianebs surT icodnen sakuTa-
ri Tavis Sesaxeb simarTle Tundac, rom es informacia misTvis arakeTilsasurveli iyos. aseTi
uaryofiTi informacia individebs aRZravs TavianTi sisusteebis daZlevisTvis.
TviTSefasebis amaRleba. nacvlad imisa rom miiswrafodnen swori TviTSefasebisaken, xSirad
adamianebi miiswrafian Sedarebisken, romelic maT warmoaCens ufro keTilsasurvelad. mag.
studentma , romelic siZneleebs ganicdis romelime sagnis dauflebaSi SesaZloa xazi gaesvas
im faqts, rom man ukeT icis sxva sagani vidre im studentma, romelic CaiWra am saganSi.
TviTgandidebisken miswrafebam SeiZleba ubiZgos adamians moaxdinos socialuri Sedareba im
individTan romelic naklebad warmatebulni arian. nakleb warmatebul individTan Sedareba
adamians Tavs agrZnobinebs gamoiyurebodes ukeTesad .
TviTsrulyofa. rogorc avRniSneT zogjer adamianebi TavisTavs adareben adamianebs romlebic
maTi azriT warmatebis etalonebad iTvlebian. mag. warmatebuli moWadrake Tavis Wadrakul
kombinaciebs adarebs cnobili moWadrakeebis mier naTamaSev kombinaciebs raTa zustad Seafasos
Tavisi TamaSis done, iswavlos maTgan raime axali da a.S. ase rom TviT srulyofisaken mi-
swrafebam SeiZleba migviyvanos ufro warmatebul adamianebTan gazviadebul socialur Sedare-
bamde. ra Tqma unda arsebobs saSiSroeba, rom maRali warmatebis mqone sxvasTan Sedarebam Sea-
sustos an Caklas individSi Semdgomi moqmedebis survili da migviyvanos arakompetenturobis,
Suris da sircxvilis grZnobis Camoyalibebamde. aseTi gazviadebuli socialuri Sedareba
stimuls miscems ukeTesi Sesrulebisaken Tu ganaiaraRebs adamians damokidebulia imaze CaT-
vlis Tu ara is , rom ukeTesad Sesrulebis standartebi miRwevadia.

Sedarebis procesi

festinjeri ZiriTadad yuradRebas amaxvilebda situaciaze , romelsac individi Se-

gnebulad irCevda socialuri SedarebisaTvis. magaliTad, saSineli miwisZvris Semdeg individi
SesaZloa miiswrafis Tavisi reaqcia Seadaros sxva adamianebis reaqcias da Sesabamisad saaTo-
biT saubrobs mezoblebTan da megobrebTan maT gancdebze. magram aris SemTxveva roca so-
cialuri Sedareba ar momdinareobs Sinagani moTxovnilebidan. biZgi aseTi Sedarebisa momdi-
nareobs garkveuli situaciebidan . mag, vTqvaT skolis moswavleebi TamaSoben fexburTs.
aSkarad Cans Tu vin TamaSobs kargad da vin cudad. bevrisaTvis aseTi Sedareba SeiZleba ar
iyos sasurveli, magram is xdeba maTi saskolo cxovrebis nawili rasac ver gaeqcevian.
Sedarebam romelic ar momdinareobs Sinagani aucileblobidan, SeiZleba mniSvnelovani
gavlena moaxdinos adamianze. am mosazrebis karg ilustracias warmoadgens morisis da
gergenis (Morse, Gergen,1970) klasikuri eqsperimenti. kolejis gazeTSi gamoqveynebul or vakansi-
aze `pirovnebis kvlevis~ sferoSi monawileobaze, gamoexmaura kolejis maRali kursis studen-
tebi. roca studentebi gamocxadnen gasaubrebaze maT sTxoves SeevsoT ramdenime anketa, rome-
lic Seicavda TviTpativiscemis Sefasebas. amis Semdeg subieqts aCvenebdenen kidev erT pre-
tentdents vakansiis dasakaveblad, romelic SemohyavdaT imave oTaxSi, samuSaoze misaRebi
sabuTebis Sesavsebad. eqsperimentuli manipulacia cvlida samuSaoze misaRebi kandidatis
garegnobas( sinamdvileSi es meore kandidati iyo e.w. cru subieqti-eqsperimentatoris damxmare).
subieqtebis naxevars axvedrebdnen (am meore kandidatis saxiT) vinme `batoni WuWyians~ axal-

13
 gazrda kacs, romelsac ecva daxeuli Sarvali , arc Tu ise sasiamovno svitriT da iyo wig-
nebis gareSe. is gamoiyureboda Zalian araorganizebulad, xSirad aTvalierebda oTaxs.
subieqtebis meore naxevars uwyobdnen Sexvedras `baton sufTasTan~ garegnulad mowesrigebul
axalgazrda kacTan, romelsac ecva muqi kostumi , xelSi ekava diplomati. amis Semdeg am ori
batonis (WuWyiani da sufTasi) gavlenis gansazRvris mizniT tardeboda subieqtebis TviTpa-
tiviscemis ganmeorebiTi Sefaseba. rogorc mosalodneli iyo subieqtebi, romlebic xvdebodnen
`WuWyian batons~ ganmeorebiTi TviTSefasebisas avlendnen TviTpativiscemis grZnobis amaRlebas.
es subieqtebi TavianTi Tavis am SemTxveviT batonTan Sedarebis Sedegad grZnobdenen Tavs ufro
TviT darwmunebulad. xolo subieqtebis meore naxevari, xelmeore Sefasebisas amJRavnebdnen
TviT pativiscemis donis dadablebas. kvlevis Sedegebi aCveneben, rom Sedarebis spontanuri
SesaZleblobas SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos adamianis TviTSefasebaze.
miuxedavaT imisa, rom socialur fsiqoligiaSi xazgasmulia socialuri Sedarebis mniSvneloba
TavisTavis gagebisaTvis, arsebobs sxva saSualebebiETavisTavis Secnobisa, rogoricaa
obieqturi informacia , individis pirovnuli mogonebebi , pirdapiri ukukavSirebi. roca
gvsurs gavigoT Tu ras warmovadgenT Cven , sakuTari Tavis Sefasebas vaxdenT erTis mxriv
obieqturi informaciis safuZvelze an imiT, rom SeiZleba vkiTxoT sxvas rogori varT Cven.
miuTiTeben, rom socialuri Sedareba es aris iribi saSualeba TavisTvis gasagebad da Tu
ramdenad sasargeblo aRmoCndeba is amisTvis , damokidebulia imaze Tu ramdenadDEsworad
avirCevT Sesadarebel obieqts. ase rom socialuri Sedareba ueWvelad aris saSualeba Tavis-
Tavis Sesacnobad, magram is ar aris erTaderTi saSualeba.GAD

TviT prezentacia

adamiani socialuri arsebaa, gamomdinare aqedan misi bunebrivi mdgomareobaa mudmivad sxva ada-
mianebTan erTad yofna. es ki moiTxovs imas, rom man unda SeZlos sxva adamianebTan normaluri
interpersonaluri urTierTobebis damyareba. erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqti socialuri ur-
TierTobisa ki aris marTo is Tu rogor STabeWdilebas toveb sxvebSi. bunebrivia aseT situaciaSi
ukeTesi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, Tu rogor movaxdenT Cveni Tavis prezentacias, rogor STabeWd-
ilebas davtovebT sxvebSi. interpersonaluri urTierTobis buneba da xasiaTi swored amazea
damokidebuili. amitom gasagebia is didi interesi romelic arsebobs socialur fsiqologiaSi
sakiTxze Tu rogor axdens adamiani TavisTavis prezentacias sazogadoebaSi.
adamianis TviTprezentacia miuTiTebs Cvens Zalisxmevaze movaxdinoT STabeWdilebebis kontro-
li, romelsac vtovebT sxvebSi. TviTprezentaciis mizania movaxdinoT urTierTqmedebis struqturire-
ba ise, rom miviRoT sasurveli Sedegi.
Cveulebriv Cven gvsurs adamianebma dagvinaxon dadebiTad, rogorc saintereso, megobruli, in-
teleqtualuri da mzrunveli pirovneba, magram aris SemTxveva, roca adamians surs sxvebSi datovos
arc Tu ise dadebiTi STabeWdileba. mag: “skolis xuligans” SesaZloa surdes warmoadginos TavisTavi
rogorc uxeSi, muqariani pirovneba. zogjer SesaZloa Cveni mizani iyos minimumamde daviyvanoT cudi
STabeWdileba. mag: students, romelmac gamocdaze daigviana uwevs saTanado bodiSiT minimumamde
daiyvanos cudi STabeWdileba romelic datova dagvianebiT.
TviTprezentacia xSirad aris ganzraxuli aqtivoba. mag. roca individi vakansiis dasakaveblad
gasaubrebaze gadis, cxadia winaswar saTanadod emzadeba imisaTvis, rom datovos kargi STabeWdileba,
magram familarul situaciaSi TviT prezentaciis aqtiobebi SeiZleba avtomaturi gaxdes. rodesac
TviTprezentacia garkveul situaciaSi Cveviseuli gaxdeba is ukve ar saWiroebs yuradRebas. StabeWd-
ilebis marTva xdeba avtomaturad.
xSirad, TviTprezentacias adareben Teratraluri rolis TamaSs. Cven xSirad, msaxiobis msgavsad
yuradRebas vaqcevT imas, Tu rogor gamoviyurebiT, rogor gvacvia, rogoria Cveni qcevis manerebi.
xSirad viyenebT garderobs, aqsesuarebs da a.S. romlebic dagvexmarebian imaSi, rom davtovoT kargi
STabeWdileba. amave mizans emsaxureba kargi manqanis qona, Zvirfasi saCuqris SerCeva, gemovnebiani
musikisken swrafva da a.S.
ase rom socialuri urTierTobebi adamianisgan moiTxovs unars Secvalos Tavisi qcevebi situ-
aciidan situaciamde TviTprezentaciis miznebisa da auditoriis xasiaTis da mixedviT.

rogor davtovoT kargi STabeWdileba

TviTprezentaciis ZiriTadi motivacia, albaT aris kargi STabeWdilebis datoveba. dgeba sakiTxi,
rogor SeiZleba amis miRweva. miuTiTeben STabeWdilebis warmatebiT marTvis ramdenime taqtikaze
(Fiske, Taylor 1991). erT-erTi strategiaa socialuri situaciis normebisadmi Sesatyvisoba. magaliTad
sazeimo vaxSamze adamianma SeiZleba ixumros moyves saintereso istoriebi. gasvenebaze ufro misaRebia
mwuxarebis gamomxatveli saxis daWera da a.S. meore strategia mdgomareobs imaSi, rom is unda

14
Seesabamebodes sxva adamianebis qcevas. mag. Tu Cveni axalgacnobili adamiani trabaxobs tenisSi mis
miRwevebze, Tqvenc SegviZliaT ilaparakoT sakuTar miRwevebze. Tu is ufro moridebulia da ar axdes
Tavisi kompetenturobis afiSirebas, karg STabeWdilebas datovebT, Tu Tqvenc aseve moiqceviT.
miuTiTeben agreTve iseT strategiaze rogoricaa TviTreklama (Self-promotion) da moTaflva (ingra-
tiation) . TviTreklama gulisxmobs sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb dadebiTi informaciis gadacemas sakuTari
qmedebebiT, an sakuTar Tavze saubrebiT, romelic Seicavs dadebiT informacias Tqvens Sesaxeb.
moTafvla ki gulisxmobs TviTreklamis sawinaamRvdegos – ilaparako dadebiTi rameebis msmenelze. es
ori taqtika gansxvavebul miznebs isaxavs. TviTreklamis mizania gamoiyurebode kompetenturad xolo
moTafvla miznad isaxavs moswonde sxva. zogierT situaciaSi magaliTad samuSaoze misaReb gasau-
brebaze adamiani SesaZloa Seecdeba orive miznis ganxorcielebas.
TviTreklama, SeiZlaba ar aRmoCndes saimedo. sakuTar warmatebaze saubarma SeiZleba dadebiTi
roli Seasrulos TviTreklamaSi, magram SeiZleba sawinaamRvdego efeqtic miviRoT. SeiZleba
TviTreklamam msmenelSi datovos STabeWdileba, rom TavisTavSi daurwmunebeli da momabezrebeli
pirovneba xarT. es xdeba imitom, rom msmeneli xSirad adamians afasebs erTdroulad erTze met
parametrebSi. adamiani romelic aSkarad axdens TavisTaivs reklamirebas marTalia amiT axerxebs
daarwmunos sxva Tavis kompetenturobaSi, magram amave dros SesaZloa, rom amiT avlenen Tavis
egoizms.
TviTreklamis mniSvnelovani faqtoria konteqsti. erT-erT kvlevaSi Seadares erTmaneTs
StabeWdileba individebze, romlebic gansxvavebul situaciebSi (e.i. gansxvavebul konteqstSi)
saubrobdnen TavianTi inteleqtualuri warmatebebis Sesaxeb. individebi, romlebic TavianT in-
teleqtualur warmatebebze saubrobdnen, ganixilebodnen ufro dadebiTad, Tu es saubari iyo
konkretul kiTxvaze pasuxi. magaliTad: roca individs ekiTxebodnen rogor Caabara man gamocda da
misi pasuxi iyo rom miiRo 93 qula, is dadebiT STabeWdilebas tovebda adamianebSi. aseve dadebiT
STabeWdilebas tovebda subieqtebis saubari TavianT warmatebebze, Tu xorcieldeboda urTierT-
gaxsnilobis situaciaSi. mag: roca erT erTma subieqtma ganacxada, rom is sakmaod warmatebiT
gamovida Wadrakis klubSi gamarTul SejibrebaSi is ufro pozitiuri aRiqmeboda, Tu es naTqvami iyo
konteqstSi, sadac meore subieqti xazs usvamda im faqts, rom is kargad TamaSobs teniss. amis
sawinaaRmdegod, roca subieqtebi iwyebdnen laparaks sakuTar unarebze da warmetebebze, roca amas
aravin ekiTxeboda, an saubris konteqstSi ar Sedioda, maTi qceva ganixileboda, rogorc utaqto da
egoisturi. erTi sityviT, Tu rogor afasebs msmeneli TviT_mareklamirebel gamonaTqvamebs mniSvne-
lovnadaa damokidebuli saubris konteqstze.
Semdegi taqtikuri xerxi dadebiTi STabeWdilebis datovebisa aris moridebulobis (скромность)
frTxili gamoyeneba. saWiroa vicodeT rodisaa moridebuloba efeqturi. arsebobs ori martivi wesi: 1.
moridebuloba amSvenebs adamians, roca garkveuli saqmianobis Sesruleba marTlac iyo warmatebiTi.
Tu am Tvisebas gamoviCenT susti Sesrulebis situaciaSi is ar datovebs karg STabeWdilebas. 2.
moridebuloba aZlierebs adamianis sazogadoebriv saxes maSin roca auditoriam ukve icis misi
warmatebis Sesaxeb. warmateba uflebas aZlevs adamians iyos moridebuli, radgan misi saxeli win
uswrebs TviT mas.
TviT prezentacia moicavs rogorc verbalur ise araverbalur qcevas. zogadad TviTprezentacia
ufro damajerebelia roca verbaluri da araverbaluri cnoba erTmaneTs emTxveva. Tu individi
daTrgunuli, mowyenili xmiT ambobs, rom “bednieria”, Cveulebriv ar imsaxurebs ndobas, magram Tu
adamiani geubnebaT, rom mas Zalian undoda Tqveni gacnoba da amasTan TvalebSi giyurebT da giRimiT
misi naTqvami ufro damajerebeli Cans.
TviTprezentaciis gaZliereba SiZleba agreTve Seni im adamianebTan kavSirebze xazgasmiT, rom-
lebmac garkveul warmatebebs miaRwies. Caldinini da misi kolegebi iyenebdnen am efeqtis aRsaRniS-
navad termins birg-ingi (BIRGing – Bask In The Reflected Glory). “xeli moiTbo didebis areklil sxivze”.
Tu adamiani geubnebaT, rom is imave qalaqSi daibada sadac daibada prezidenti an rom misma megobarma
moigo milioni dolari an gaicno romelime gamoCenili msaxiobi, es imas niSnavs, rom mas surs
Tqvenze STabeWdilebis moxdena misi iribi kavSirebiT romelime mdidar an cnobil adamianebTan. da
aRmoCnda, rom amas efeqti aqvs maSinac, roca misi kavSiri cnobil adamianebTan umniSvneloa.

araefeqturi TviTprezentacia

TviTprezentacias yovelTvis ver vaxerxebT efeqturad. maSinac ki roca Zalian vcdilobT kargi
STabeWdileba davtovoT sxvebSi, uSvebT “Secdomebs”, romlebic arc Tu ise dadebiTi mxridan
warmogvadgens. Cveulebriv aseTi situacia iwvevs uxerxulobisa da sircxvilis gancdasac ki. mag:
wveulebas, romelsac gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas vaniWebdiT, SeiZleba megobars SemTxveviT
gadavasxaT finjani Cai an sxvas gadaesxa CvenTvis. aseTi uneblie SemTxvevebi TviTprezentaciisas arc
Tu ise iSviaTia. am dros adamiani cdilobs gamovides am situaciidan da Cveulebriv Seecdeba
aRadginos urTierTobis Seferxebuli struqtura _ mouxados bodiSi an gamarTleba mouZebnos Tavis
Secdomas da a.S. radgan aseTi situacia iwvevs iq myof adamianebSic uxerxulobas, maT uCndebaT
motivacia daexmaron im individs, romelic aseT situaciaSi aRmoCnda.

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 Cveulebriv, aseT situaciaSi Tavis “Secdomis” gamarTlebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani roli
Seasrulos. mag: testirebisas cudi Sedegebi e.i. situaciaSi, sadac eWvis qveS dgeba individebis
unarebi, erT-erTi efeqturi saSualeba mdgomareobidan gamosvlisa aris gamarTleba. atribuciis
Teoriis Tanaxmad adamianebi TavianT marcxs garegan, prakontrolirebad mizezebs miaweren.
testirebisas warumatebuloba metnaklebad misaRebi gaxdeba, Tu warumatebloba miewereba TviT
testis ukargisobas, (garegan arakontrolirebad mizezs).

dabrkoleba, romelsac Cven TviTon uqmniT Cvens Tavs

erT-erTi saSualeba mouaroT marcxs TviTprezentaciaSi aris dabrkoleba, romelsac Cven Tvi-
Ton uqmniT Cvens Tavs (self-handicapping). zogjer adamianebi axorcieleben qmedebebs, romlebic qmnian
gadaulaxav dabrkolebas warmatebisTvis im mizniT rom SemdgomSi ganicades ra warumatebloba,
rogorc Sedegi winmswrebi Sedegebisa, maT SeuZliaT maTi axsna am dabrkolebebiT da ara TavianTi
uunarobiT. mag: studenti, romelic ar iZinebs gamocdebis wina Rames, axsnis gamocdaze miRebul
dabal Sefasebas Tavisi daRlilobiT da ara misi uunarobiT. alkoholikma SeiZleba Tavis samuSao-
dan gaTavisufleba miaweros imas, rom is xSirad svamda da ara imas, rom is cudad muSaobda.
atribuciis Teoriis Tanaxmad, atribucia unarebze ar miiReba mzedvelobaSi Tu arsebobs sxva
damabrkolebeli mizezi.
dabrkolebis fenomenis Sesaswavlad Seperdma da arkonma (Shepperd,Arkin 1989) Caatares
saintereso gamokvleva. eqsperimentSi subieqtebs(kolejis studentebs) uTxres, rom isini gaivlidnen
testirebas, romelic aRwerili iyo rogorc studentis akademiuri warmatebis prognozirebis
efeqturi an araefeqturi saSualeba. garda amisa subieqtebis naxevari gaafrTxiles, rom testze
muSaobisas maTze zemoqmedeba moxdeba maRali bgerebiT, ramac SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos davalebis
Sesrulebas. meore naxevars ki araferi uTxres amis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg subieqtebs ekiTxebodnen,
surT Tu ara maT testze muSaobis dros mousminon musikas da SesTavazes aerCiaT surda moesminaT
musika, romelsac SeeZlo xeli Seewyo davalebis SesrulebisaTvis, Tu moesminaT musika, romelsac
SeeZlo xelis SeSla. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom subieqtebi TviTon uqmnidnen sakuTar Tavs dabrkolebas;
isini irCevdnen musikas, romelic rogorc uTxres xels SeuSlida davalebis Sesrulebas, Tu isini
moelodnen, rom davalebas eqneboda didi mniSvneloba. magram ase xdeboda mxolod maSin, roca raime
saxva dabrkoleba ar arsebobda. subieqtebi, romlebic moelodnen, rom davalebis Sesrulebis dros
maTi xelisSemSleli iqneboda arasasiamovno xma, isini ar ganicdidnen damatebiTi dabrkolebis
saWiroebas, naklebaT amJRavnebdnen tendencias aerCiaT musika romelic xelisSemSleli iqneboda.
aRmoCnda, adamianebi xSirad ufrTxildebian TavianT kompetenturobas imiT, rom miuTiTeben
winaaRmdegobaze, romlebic xels uSlidnen maT warmatebas. kvlevebi aCveneben, rom situaciebSi
romelic Seicavs warumateblobis muqaras, adamaianebi miuTiTeben iseT simptomebze, rogoricaa SiSi
testirebisadmi, socialuri SfoTva, morcxvoba, depresia an adrindeli dramatuli gamocdileba.
msgavs simptomebze miTiTeba adamianebs aacilebs TavianTi warumateblobis mizezebis garegan
faqtorebze atribuciis saWiroebas. mag: tenisis matCis wagebis Semdeg Tu individi ityvis, rom mas
sWirdeba axali saTvaleebi, es imas niSnavs, rom is Tavs icavs, rogorc Sinagan ise sxva adamianebis
kritikisgan. roca adamiani Tavis warumateblobas aseT gamarTlebas aZlevs, amiT is amcirebs
damarcxebiT gamowveul negatiur grZnobas, yovel SemTxvevaSi manamde mainc sanam warumateblobis
namdvili mizezi ar gamomJRavndeba.
miuTiTeben, TavisTavis dabrkolebis Seqmnis or stadiaze: bihevieristuli dabrkoleba _
rogoricaa daRliloba, alkoholuri an narkotikuli damokidebuleba, ara punqtualoba, uyuradRe-
boba da a.S. da reportirebuli dabrkolebebi _ gancxadebuli avadmyofoba, SfoTva, simorcxve, e.i
mdgomareobebi, romelic SeiZleba gamodges cudi Sesrulebis gasamarTleblad. rogorc mkvlevarebi
miuTiTeben, orive SemTxvevaSi, iseve rogorc, sakuTari “mes” sasargeblo atribuciisas, ZiriTadi
motivia TviTSefasebis SenarCuneba. sakuTari Tavisadmi dabrkolebis Seqmnis aq mocemuli analizis
naklovan mxared Tvlian im faqts, rom TviTprezentaciiT gamowveuli daZabuloba zogjer SeiZleba
gaxdes sicruis mizezi _ rom adamianebi tyuian rogorc sakuTari Tavis ise sxva adamianebis winaSe
TavianTi moqmedebebis namdvili mizezebis Sesaxeb. xSirad, survili datovo kargi STabeWdileba
SeiZleba winaaRmdegobaSi movides survilTan iyo patiosani. miuTiTeben, rom TavisTavisadmi
dabrkolebis Seqmna TviTpativiscemis dasacavad, SesaZloa adamianisTvis zianis momtani iyos.
bolosdabolos TavisTavisadmi dabrkolebis Seqmna, SeiZleba moqmedi iyos xanmokle droisTvis,
magram is ar warmoadgens warmatebul strategias sakuTari “mes” marTvisaTvis xangrZlivi period-
isTvis.

TviTkontroli

naTqvamia, rom adamianebi socialuri aqtiorebi arian. adamianisTvis mniSvnelovania, is Tu

rogor STabeWdilebas tovebs is sxvebSi. magram, aRniSnaven agreTve, rom zogierTisTvis TviT-

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prezentaciisTvis zrunva mudmivi aucilebloba xdeba. TviTkontroli (TviTmonitiringi) aris
tendencia xazi gausvas STabeWdilebis marTvas gansakuTrebulad, aiyvanos Zalian maRal donemde. m.
Snaiderma da misma kolegebma Seqmnes testi adamianis am unaris (TviTmonitoringis) Sefasebisa
(Snyder, 1987). individebi, romlebsac sakmaod maRal doneze axasiaTebT qceva, romelic
TviTkontrolTanaa dakavSirebuli, gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiareni arian socialuri stimulebisadmi.
aseTi individebi daeTanxmebodnen Semdeg gamonaTqvamebs:
 “Cemgan SesaZlebelia kargi aqtiori gamovides.”
 “me SemiZlia movatyuo adamianebi da movaCveno Tavi megobrulad, maSin, roca sinamdvileSi
es adamianebi me ar momwons.”
 “gansakuTrebul situaciebSi da gansxvavebul adamianebTan me xSirad gansxvavebulad
viqcevi, rogorc sruliad gansxvavebuli pirovnebebi.”
maSin, roca adamianebi romlebisTvisac ar aris damaxasiaTebeli kontroloTan dakavSirebuli
qcevebi, an es axasiaTebT mxolod nawilobrivad, naklebad ergebian socialur moTxovnebs. maTi
TviTprezentacia, umetes wilad kontrolirdeba maTi Sinagani ganwyoebebiT da SefasebebiT. isini
daeTanxmebodnen Semdeg debulebebs:
 “me mxolod im ideebis dacva SemiZlia, romlisac me TviTon mjera.”
 “me mixdeba Cemi qcevis Secvla, movergo gansxvavebul adamianebs da situaciebs.”
 “me verasodes vaRwev warmatebebs iseT TamaSebSi, rogoricaa Saradebi da improvizacia.”
Snaideris azriT TviT kontrolis maRali da dabali donis mqone individebi erTmaneTisgan gan-
sxvavdebian ramodenime parametrSi.
TviTkontrolis maRali donis individebi aRmoCnda, rom meti ZalisxmeviT cdiloben rac
SeiZleba meti gaigon sxva adamianebis Sesaxeb da Seafason socialuri situacia. isini met yuradRebas
aqceven informacias im adamianebis Sesaxeb, romlebTan mouwevT maT urTierToba. isini meti albaTo-
biT TavianT qcevas situaciis moTxovnebs uqvemdebareben. aRmoCnda, rom TviTkontrolis maRali
donis adamianebs aqvT unari efeqturad gamoiyenon mimika xmis intonacia garkveuli emociebis
gamosaxatavad. maT SeuZliaT gavlena moaxdinon urTierTqmedebaze gansxvavebul situaciebSi. maRali
TviTkontrolis adamianebs midrekileba aqvT didi mniSvneloba mianoWon partnioris fizikur
mimzidvelobas, maSin roca TviTkontrolis dabali donis mqone individebi met mniSvnelobas
pirovnul Tvisebebs aniWeben.
mkvlevarebi miuTiTeben, rom rogorc maRali, ise dabali TviTkontrolis mqone adamianebs aqvT
rogorc upiratesoba, ise susti mxareebic. TviTkontrolis maRali donis adamianebisTvis damaxasi-
aTebelia praqtikuli Wkua, miswrafeba miiRon sargebeli socialuri situaciidan. maTi socialuri
mgrZnobiaroba SesaZleblobisa aZlevs maT ganaxorcielon urTierTqmedeba gansxvavebul situaciaSi.
magram individebi, romlebsac gansakuTrebiT aqvT gamokveTili TviTkontrolis maRali done SeiZleba
sxvebis mier Sefasebuli iqnas rogorc egoisti, individi, romelic icvlis mosazrebas raTa See-
satyvisebodnen situacias. amis sawinaarmdegod, dabali TviTpativiscemis mqone individebi Tvlian,
rom arian araprincipulebi. SeiZleba qondeT sakuTari azri da gamoiCinon simtkice sakuTari miznebis
mimarT, miuxedavaT socialuri gavlenebisa. magram TviTkontrolis gamokveTili dabali donis mqone
adamianebi CaTvlilia, rom arian ara stabilurebi, ar SeuZliaT kompromisebi. sabednierod, statisti-
ka aCvenebs, rom adamianebis umravlesoba am ukiduresobas Soris Tavsdebian.

kultura da sakuTari me

kulturaTa Sorisi kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom me – koncepcia SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad iyos gan-
sxvavebuli imisda mixedviT Tu romeli kulturis wevria adamiani.
markusma da kitaiamam (Markus, Kitayama,1991) sakmaod safucvlianad ikvlies es sakiTxi amerikul
da iaponur kulturaSi, raTa eCvenebinaT gansxvaveba me – koncepciaSi dasavlur da aRmosavlur
kulturaSi.
aRmoCnda, rom amerikaSi ufro xazgasmulia individualizmi, kerZod is Tu rioTi SeiZleba is
gamoirCeodes sxva adamianebisgan, individis unarebis unikaluroba. am kulturaSi damoukidebeli “me”
warmoadgens daxSul, metnaklebad integrirebul, motivaciur da kognitur samyaros, romelic
warmoadgens cnobieris, emociis, azrovnebisa da qcevis dinamikur centrs, e.w. dasavlur kulturaSi
adamianebi aramarto ayalibeben sakuTar “me”-s rogorc damoukideblad moqmed erTeuls, aramed isini
agreTve damoukideblobas gansazRvraven, rogorc socializaciis fundamentur Rirebulebas.
iaponuir kulturaSi gamoikveTa egreTwodebuli urTierTdamokidebuli “me” da arada-
moukidebuli “me”. iaponelebi sakuTar “me”-s ganixilaven, rogorc socialuri urTierTobebis nawils,
rom adamianis qceva damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogor iRebs is sxva adamianebis azrebs, grZnobebsa da
qcevebs mis mimarT. sakuTari me mniSvnelovani da dasrulebuli xdeba socialuri urTierTobis
konteqstSi da ara damokidebuli qcevis konteqstSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom urTierTdamokidebul mes
miewereba Sinagani unarebi da azrebi, es Tvisebebi ganixilebian rogorc aramdgradebi da situaciaze
damokidebuli da ara rogorc sakuTari mes ganmsazRvreli Taviseburebebi. amdenad ur-

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TierTdamokidebuli me ar warmoadgens daxSul mTlians, aramed Tavis struqturas icvlis so-
cialuri konteqstis bunebis Sesabamisad. am kulturaSi ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba imaze, rom Tviseba,
romelic individs metnaklebad ganasxvavebs sxvebisagan ar ganixileba rogorc sakuTari mes re-
prezentaciuli Tviseba. mag: amerikelebi bavSvis maRal musikalur talants ueWvelad Seafaseben
rogorc misi sxva bavSvebTan ganmasxvavebel Tvisebas, maSin, roca iaponelma Tundac amerikaSi
mcxovrebmac ki SeiZleba es ar gaakeTos. urTierTdamokidebuli mes koleqtivisturi warmodgena
individs ganixilavs ara misi sxvebisgan ganmasxvavebeli niSnebiT, aramed ganixilavs im maxasi-
aTeblebis mixedviT, romelic saerTo aqvs mas sxvebTan. radganac adamianebi ganixilebian rogorc
odiTgan urTierTdakavSirebulad, Tvlian, rom maT umTavresad axasiaTebT saerTo da ara individu-
aluri Tvisebebi.
markusi da kitaiama (1991) Tvlian, rom me – koncefcia warmoadgens individis me – sistemis
mniSvnelovan nawils. me koncefcia gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor aRiqvamen da afaseben adamianebi
TavianT pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs, rogor amyareben isini urTierTobas sxvebTan, ra emociebs
ganicdian gansxvavebul situaciaSi, da imas Tu ra motivebi gansazRvraven adamianis qcevas ama Tu im
situaciaSi. ufro metic, markusi da kitoama varaudoben, rom kulturuli me – kocefcia SeaRwevs
amaTuim kulturis ideebSi, SefasebebbSi da socialur scenarebSi, romelic SemdgomSi ayalibebs
sakuTari mes individualur damokidebulebebs da mis gamovlenas.
dasavleTi kulturis warmomadgenlebi amayoben TavianTi unikaluri TvisebebiT da miRwevebiT,
rac naklebaT saamayoa aRmosavleT kulturis warmomadgenlebisaTvis. mag: iaponeli muSa bednierad
igrZnobs Tavs, Tu misma Sromam garkveul wilad gansazRvra mTeli koleqtivisTvis maRali Sedegebi,
magram is, Cveulebriv, ar moiTxovs misi unikaluri wvlili aRiarebuli da aRniSnuli iqnas. maSin
roca dasavlur kulturaSi, marTalia iqac Tavisi wvliliT koleqtivis warmatebaSi nasiamovnebi
darCeba, magram siamayis grZnobis wyaro ueWvelad xdeba warmatebaSi misi wvlilis aRiareba da
aRniSvna.
sakuTari “me”-s marTvis gansxvavebul formebs aqvT mniSvnelovani kognituri Sedegebi. magaliT-
ad individebi damoukidebeli sakuTari “me”-Ti Tavis Tavs sxvebisgan gansxvavebulad xedaven. miuxeda-
vaT imisa, rom isini SesaZloa sxva adamianebs Tvlidnen TavianTi Tavis msgavsad, isini amave xarisxSi
ar Tvlian, rom TiTon arian sxva adamianebis msgavsi. maSin, roca urTierTdakavSirebuli “me”-s mqone
individebis mier sakuTari “me” da sxva adamianebi ganixilebian rogorc garkveuli socialuri
konteqstis nawili, romelSic isini arian CarTuli. amdenad, rogorc sakuTari “me”, ise sxva adamiane-
bi erTnairad aRiqmebian.
pirovnuli damoukidebloba – damoukideblobis xarisxis gasazomad Seiqmnda skala, romlis
debulebebi Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:
1) me pativs vcem avtoritetul adamianebs, visTanac var urTierTqmedebaSi.
2) me kmayofili var, roca me gamomarCeven qebisa da dajildoebisaTvis.
3) Cemi bedniereba da mokidebulia Cems irgvliv myof adamianTa bednierebaze.
4) CemTvis problemas ar warmoadgens gamovTqva Cemi azri mecadineobebze.
5) Cemi momavali swavlasTan, karierasTan dakavSirebuli gegmebis Sedgenisa, valdebuli var
gaviTvaliswino mSoblebis rCevebi.
6) pirovnul damoukideblobas CemTvis Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs.
subieqts evaleba miuTiTos ra xarisxSi eTanxmeba mocemul debulebas. daTanxmebis xarisxi
izomeba Svidsafexuriani skaliT: +3, +2, +1, 0, -1, -2, -3. sadac +3 Seesabameba absolutur Tanxmobas,
xolo -3 savsebiT ar daTanxmebas. Tu subieqti eTanxmeba 1, 3 da 5 debulebas, maRalia urTierT
damokidebuleba. xolo -1, -2, -3, 0 damokidebulebebis daTanxmeba damoukideblobis xarisxis
maCvenebelia.
arsebobs sakuTari “me”-sadmi gansxvavebuli warmodgenis sxva kognituri Sedegebic. kerZod,
atribuciis procesSi fundamentaluri Secdomis Tavisebureba. amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi
Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom subieqtebi avlendnen tendencias qcevis mizezebi miaweron TviT
individebs. maSin roca indoeTSi qcevas xsnidnen socialuri faqtorebiT
markusi da kitaiama aCveneben, rom damoukidebeli da damokidebuli “me”-s mqone adamianebi gan-
sxvavebuli saxis emociebs ganicdian. damoukidebeli “me”-s grZnobis mqone adamianebi xSirad gan-
icdian emociebs romelic sakuTar Tavzea fokusirebuli, rogoricaa mag: siamaye (saqme gamomivida
kargad), an frustracia (me arwasamarTlianad momeqcnen). maSin, roca urTierT damokidebuli “me” –
koncefciis mqone kulturebSi arsebobs tendencia ganicadon sxva adamianebze fokusirebuli emociebi.
amis saulistraciod markusi da kitaiama iyenebdnen sitvas amae –s, riTac iaponelebi gamoxataven
adamianis faqizi zrunvisa da damokidebulebis grZnobas sxva individis mier misdami keTili
damokidebulebis sapasuxod. amaewarmoadgens sxva adamianebTan urTierT damokidebulebebis
Sesatyvisi mimarTulebis Camoyalibebasa da mxardaWeras. amae –s Sesatyvisi sityvaa inglisurSi (da
albaT arc dasavluri kulturis enebSi) ar arsebobs.
arsebobs aseve varaudi, rom TviTSefasebis amaRleba SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos sakuTari
“me”-s rogorc kulturasTan dakavSirebuli fenomenis gagebasTan. kvlevebiT dadasturda, rom
iaponelebi gacilebiT nakleb xarisxSi avlenen ararealistur optimizms im movlenebis mimarT,
romelic SesaZloa ganicadon momavalSi, vidre amas avlenen kanadelebi. an kidev sakuTari “me”-s
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sasargeblod Sefasebis tendencia gacilebiT ufro naklebadaa damaxasiaTebeli iseTi kulturis
wevrebisTvis, rogoricaa iaponia, anu iseT kulturaSi, romlisTvis urTierTdakavSirebuli “me”-s
grZnobaa dominirebuli.
arsebobs agreTve varaudi, rom Tvitpativiscemis Secvlis albaToba kavSirSia sakuTari “me”-s
grZnobasTan. kvlevebiT dasturdeba, rom debulebas: “me Rirseuli adamiani var” (romelic
TviTpativiscemis xarisxs gamoxatavs) iziareben im kulturis warmomadgenlebi, romlebisaTvis
damoukidebeli “me”-s grZnobaa damaxasiaTebeli (Markus, Kitayama,1991). aRmoCnda, agreTve, rom
mniSvneloba, romelsac aniWebs adamiani TviTpativiscemas, da aseve amis kavSiri cxovrebiT
kmayofilebasTan gansxvavebulia qveynebSi, romlebisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia damoukidebloba da
urTierTdamokidebuleba. es naTeli gaxda dineris da dineris (Diener, Diener, 1995) gamokvlevam,
romelic 31 qveyanaSi Catarda. aRmoCnda, rom koleqtivistur (anu urTierT damokidebulebis) qveynebSi
kavSiri TviTpativiscemasa da cxovrebiT kmayofilebas Soris gacilebiT naklebi iyo vidre
individualisturi (anu damokidebuli) kulturis qveynebSi. aRmoCnda, rom koleqtivsturi kulturis
qveynebSi cxovrebiT kmayofilebis maCvenebelia socialuri normebi (rogoricaa socialuri
ganmtkiceba), maSin roca individualisturi kulturis qveynebSi, cxovrebiT kmayofilebis saimedo
maCvenebelia individis emocia.
amrigad SeiZleba SevajamoT, rom sakuTari Tavis codnas viRebT gansxvavebuli wyaroebidan:
adreuli socializacia, sxvebis refleqsuri Sefaseba, eqsplicituri ukukavSiri, sakuTari qcevis
aRqma, garemo pirobebi, socialuri Sedareba da socialuri jgufebisadmi kuTvnileba. amasTan,
zogjer Cven ubralod viciT, Tu vin vaT imis codnis gareSe, Tu saidan viciT es.

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