Marsupiales
Marsupiales (Marsupialia) forma un del tres subdivisiones existente del mammiferos; le altere duo son monotremas e placentarios. Le marsupiales se distingue de altere mammiferos principalmente in que le progenitura, un "larva marsupial" multo pauc disveloppate, se displacia post parto ad mammelas ubi illo es generalmente portate e protegite in un marsupio (marsupial bursa) usque su maturitate.
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 In senso horologic ab sinistre: Diprotodontia, Didelphimorphia, Peramelemorphia, Microbiotheria e Dasyuromorphia
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| Marsupialia Illiger, 1811 | ||||||||||
 Present-day distribution of marsupials (blue; excludes introduced presence)
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Marsupiales actual include opossumes, diablos de Tasmania, kangurus, koalas, wombates, wallabies e pandikokkus inter alteres; multe extincte species son cognoscite, como thylacino.
Circa 70% del 334 species actual vive in le Australian continente (includente Tasmania, Nove Guinea e insulas proxime). Alteres species vive in America: principalmente in Sud America, 13 in Central America e un, le opossum de Virginia, in Nord America e nord de Mexico.
Etymologia
modificarMarsupial deriva del parola latin marsupium, del ancian grec μάρσιππος mársippos 'bursa', utilisate in anatomia pro describer lor ventral bursa.
Classification
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Rango taxinomic
modificar- infraclass
- cohorte
Supertaxones
modificarSubtaxones
modificar- Order Didelphimorphia (93 species) – see list of didelphimorphs
- Family Didelphidae: opossums
- Order Paucituberculata (7 species)
- Family Caenolestidae: musaranea opossumes
- Superorder Australidelphia
- Order Microbiotheria: monitos del monte
- Order Yalkaparidontia † (incertae sedis)
- Order Dasyuromorphia (73 species)
- Family †Thylacinidae: thylacine
- Family Dasyuridae: antechinuses, quolls, dunnarts, Tasmanian devil e relatives
- Family Myrmecobiidae: numbat
- Order Notoryctemorphia (2 species)
- Family Notoryctidae: marsupial talpas
- Order Peramelemorphia (27 species)
- Family Thylacomyidae: bilbies
- Family Chaeropodidae †
- Family Peramelidae: pandikokkus e relatives
- Order Diprotodontia (136 species)
- Suborder Vombatiformes
- Family Vombatidae: wombates
- Family Phascolarctidae: koalas
- Family Diprotodontidae †: giant wombats
- Family Palorchestidae †: marsupial tapirs
- Family Thylacoleonidae †: marsupial lions
- Suborder Phalangeriformes:
- Family Acrobatidae: feathertail glider e feather-tailed possum
- Family Burramyidae: pygmeo possumes
- Family Ektopodontidae †: sprite possumes
- Family Petauridae: striped possum, Leadbeater's possum, yellow-bellied glider, sugar glider, mahogany glider, squirrel glider
- Family Phalangeridae: brushtail possums e cuscuses
- Family Pseudocheiridae: ringtailed possums e relatives
- Family Tarsipedidae: honey possum
- Suborder Macropodiformes:
- Family Macropodidae: kangaroos, wallabies e relatives
- Family Potoroidae: potoroos, ratto kangurus, bettonges
- Family Hypsiprymnodontidae: ratto kangurus
- Family Balbaridae †: basal quadrupede kangurus
- Suborder Vombatiformes
Historia evolutive
modificarLe ultime ancestre commun al insimile del mammiferos actual serea apparite 180 Ma retro. Illo poneva ovos. Therios, le pangruppo del marsupiales e placentarios haberea divergite 160 Ma retro[2]. Depois, le corona gruppos del marsupiales et del placentarios (i.e. les clados Marsupiala e Placentalia, respectivemente) serea apparite verisimilemente durante le Cretaceo tardive, ante le extinction del dinosauros non-avee, ma lor expansion esseva multo importante postea, le placia essente libre.
Se pensa communmente que le modo de reproduction del marsupiales serea intermedie inter istos del monotremas e del placentarios. Es false: le duo modos de reproduction son simplemente differente. De plus, un studio de 2023 considera que le Marsupiales son morphologicamente plus distante que le placentarios de lor ancestre commun.[2][3]
Referentias
modificar- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Les marsupiaux seraient les mammifères les plus évolués. Techno-Science.net (2023-05-30).
- ↑ Heather E. White, Abigail S. Tucker, Vincent Fernandez, Roberto Portela Miguez, Lionel Hautier, Anthony Herrel, Daniel J. Urban, Karen E. Sears, Anjali Goswami (2023-04-28). "Pedomorphosis in the ancestry of marsupial mammals". Current Biology. doi:.
