IPA |
Consonants
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![गलिशिया (स्पेन)](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png) |
![पुर्तगाल](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png) |
![ब्राज़ील](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png) |
Examples |
English approximation
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b
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b
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besta
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best
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β
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β
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sábado[1]
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between baby and bevy or best
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v
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cavalo; livre (P); libre (G)[2]
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vest or between baby and bevy
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ð
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d
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rapadura[1]
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this or dice
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d
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dedo
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dice
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dʒ
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digo[3]
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dice or engine
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f
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fase; café
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face
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ɡ
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ɡ
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gato; guerra
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get
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ɣ
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magarefe; trigo[1]
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between go and ahold or get
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k
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cores; laca; quente; kelvin
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scan
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l
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l
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lua; calor[4]
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lot
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ɫ
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w
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mal; principal[5][4]
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toll; tow or lot
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Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "ʎ̟" not found in list
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velho (P); vello (G)[6]
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roughly like million
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m
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mesa; comer[4]
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almighty
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n
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nata; ano[4]
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sonic
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ŋ
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unha; inglesa; can; álbum (G)[4]
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singer
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Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "ɲ̟" not found in list
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manhã (P); mañá (G)
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roughly like canyon[7]
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p
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peito; topo
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spouse
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r
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ʁ
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ʁ
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raro; carro; enrascado[8][9]
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guttural r (P) or trilled r (G)
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ɾ
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lar; morte; por favor[8][9][10]
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ladder in American English or guttural r
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ɾ
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raro; caro; bravo; por acaso[9][10]
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ladder in American English
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ʃ
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ʒ
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ʒ
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já; gente (P); xa; xente (G)
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rouge or shop
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z
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z
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rasgado; portas brancas[11]
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rouge or zebra
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s
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z
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casa; existir; portas abertas
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zebra or sack
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θ
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zona; azul
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zebra or thought
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ʃ
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s
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dez; foz
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sheep; sketch or bath
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s
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cimeira; braço (P); brazo (G)
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sack or thought
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s
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saco; máximo; isso (P); iso (G)
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sack
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ʃ
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escola; mastro; portas fechadas
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sheep or sketch
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ʃ
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ʃ
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xarope; baixo
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shop
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tʃ
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chave; achar
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shop or chop
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tʃ
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tʃ
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tchau
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chop
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t
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tipo; ponte[3]
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stand or cheese
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t
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tempo; átomo
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stand
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IPA |
Marginal consonants
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![गलिशिया (स्पेन)](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png) |
![पुर्तगाल](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png) |
![ब्राज़ील](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png) |
Examples |
English approximation
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ħ
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ghato; trigho (G)[12]
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roughly like hook
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x
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kharxa[13]
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loch
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IPA |
Vowels
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![गलिशिया (स्पेन)](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png) |
![पुर्तगाल](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png) |
![ब्राज़ील](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png) |
Examples |
English approximation
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a
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a
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a
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taça; lá; às; Camões; alface
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father
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ɐ
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baixada; cabide; as
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about or father
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ɐ
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taça; manhã
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aura; finger (RP) or father
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cama; banho; câmera[14] and also anglicisms as rush, bug
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purse (RP) or father
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ɛ
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ɛ
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meta, sé
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set
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e
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prémio/prêmio[14] incrível
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set or play
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e
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e
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meto; sê; acepção[15]
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play
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ɨ
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semáforo[16]
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emission or play
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i
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pente; pequeno; se[16]
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emission; see or play
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i
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meandro; e
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see or play
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i
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cima[14] si; dia; país
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see
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ɔ
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ɔ
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formosa; formosos; avó
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ball (GA) ~ lot (RP)
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o
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bónus/bônus[14] hospital
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ball or sole (GA)
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o
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o
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formoso; avô; oliveira
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sole (GA) ~ sword (RP)
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u
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Portugal
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loop or sole (GA)
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u
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boneco; voo; vi-o; frio[17]
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u
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lume[14] rua; saúde
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loop
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IPA |
Nasal vowels
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![गलिशिया (स्पेन)](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png) |
![पुर्तगाल](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png) |
![ब्राज़ील](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png) |
Examples |
English approximation
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ɐ̃
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canto; ângulo; âmbar; lã[18]
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uhn-huh (nasal /ɐ/)
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ẽ
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cento; sempre; essência[19]
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nasal /e/
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ĩ
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cinto; sim; ímpar
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nasal /i/
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õ
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conto; cônscio; bom; cômputo
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nasal /o/
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ũ
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fungo; algum; cúmplice
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nasal /u/
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IPA |
Semivowels[20]
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![गलिशिया (स्पेन)](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png) |
![पुर्तगाल](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png) |
![ब्राज़ील](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png) |
Examples |
English approximation
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j
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pais; saia; cães; corações
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you or boy
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w
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quando; guarda; frequente; quão
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wine or cow
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IPA |
Suprasegmentals
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![गलिशिया (स्पेन)](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png) |
![पुर्तगाल](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png) |
![ब्राज़ील](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png) |
Examples |
Explanation
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ˈ
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livre [ˈlivɾɨ] ~ [ˈlivɾi]
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lexical stress
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ˌ
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contramão [ˌkõtɾɐˈmɐ̃w]
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secondary stress
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.
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dia [ˈdi.ɐ] ~ [ˈdʒi.ɐ]
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syllable break
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- ↑ अ आ इ In northern and central Portugal, /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are lenited to fricatives of the same place of articulation ([β], [ð], and [ɣ], respectively) in all places except after a pause, or a nasal vowel, in which contexts they are stops [b, d, ɡ], not dissimilar from English b, d, g (Mateus & d'Andrade 2000:11).
- ↑ In Galician and some rural northern accents of European Portuguese, /v/ has merged with the [b ~ β] set.
- ↑ अ आ In most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, /d, t/ are affricated to [dʒ, tʃ] before high front vowels /i, ĩ/.
- ↑ अ आ इ ई उ In Galician, nasal and lateral consonants only contrast before vowels. Before consonants, they assimilate to the consonant's place of articulation. In word-final position, only /ŋ/ and /l/ occur.
- ↑ In European Portuguese, syllable-final /l/ is usually velarized [ɫ] much like with 'toll' for many English speakers. For most Brazilians, it has been vocalized to [w] before consonants and at the end of words. In traditional Galician, syllable-final /l/ was also velarized; but nowadays it has been widely replaced by a clear l [l] in most dialects.
- ↑ In some Galician dialects /ʎ/ has merged with /j/. Minor yeísmo-like merger is also present in some dialects of Brazilian Portuguese, specially the caipira one.
- ↑ In most Brazilian dialects, /ɲ/ is realized as a nasal palatal approximant [j̃]. See साँचा:Harvcoltxt and साँचा:Harvcoltxt.[तथ्य वांछित]
- ↑ अ आ The rhotic consonant represented as /ʁ/ has considerable variation across different variants, being pronounced as [x], [h], [χ], [ʁ], etc., in Brazil; as [ʁ], [ʀ], [r], etc., in Portugal; and as [r] in Galicia. See also Guttural R in Portuguese.
- ↑ अ आ इ The rhotic consonants /ɾ/ ‹r› and /ʁ/ ‹rr› only contrast between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution as ‹r›, with /ʁ/ occurring word-initially, after ‹l›, ‹n›, and ‹s› and in compounds; /ɾ/ is found elsewhere.
- ↑ अ आ The realization of syllable-final ‹r› varies amongst dialects; it is generally pronounced as an alveolar tap [ɾ] in European Portuguese, Galician and some Brazilian dialects (e.g. Rio Grande do Sul state and São Paulo city), as either an alveolar approximant [ɹ] or retroflex approximant [ɻ] in various other Brazilian dialects (primarily known for its use in caipira dialect, but also paranaense among sulista dialects, mineiro, sertanejo, and to a minor degree, some spekers of paulistano, capixaba and even fluminense) and as a guttural R in all others (e.g. Rio de Janeiro city, the overwhelmingly majority from the Northeast). Additionally, in some Brazilian Portuguese dialects, word-final ‹r› may be weakened to complete elision in infinitives; e.g. ficar [fiˈka] (note word final ‹r› is pronounced —though as a tap [ɾ]— only if it is followed by a vowel sound in the same phrase or prosodic unit: ficar ao léu [fiˈkaɾ aw ˈlɛw]).
- ↑ Allophone of /s/ in Galician.
- ↑ In some Galician dialects /ɡ/ is pharyngealized [ħ] or glottalized [h] in a phonological process known as gheada.
- ↑ In Galician, /x/ may be used in loanwords, foreign names and hispanicized names; like kharxa, Araújo (instead of Araúxo, pron. with [ʃ]) and Fagilde or Fajilde (instead of Faxilde, pron. with [ʃ]).
- ↑ अ आ इ ई उ The 5 higher vowels /ɐ, e, i, o, u/, when stressed and followed by a nasal consonant, may assimilate the nasality.
- ↑ In the dialect of Lisbon, /e/ merges with /ɐ/ when it comes before palatal sounds (e.g. abelha, venho, jeito).
- ↑ अ आ In European Portuguese the IPA symbol /ɨ/ denotes a near-close near-back unrounded vowel: [ɯ̟] or [ʊ̜], rather than a close central unrounded vowel.
- ↑ Some of the post-stressed high vowels in hiatuses, as in frio ('cold') and rio ('river'), may vary between a reduced vowel [ˈfɾi.u] and a glide [ˈfɾiw], exceptions are verbal conjugations, forming pairs like eu rio [ˈew ˈʁi.u] (I laugh) and ele riu [ˈelɨ ˈʁiw] (he laughed).
- ↑ In Portuguese, word final /ɐ̃/ may diphthongize to [ɐ̃w] (note this realization occurs exclusively in verbal forms spelled with final -am: namoram, falam, ruiram).
- ↑ In Portuguese, word final /ẽ/ diphthongizes to [ẽj] (e.g. sem, também, nuvens). In many European Portuguese dialects (especially central and southern varieties) it has become [ɐ̃j]: sem [ˈsɐ̃j]
- ↑ The semivowels /w/ and /j/ can be combined with most vowels to form diphthongs and triphthongs. This includes nasal diphthongs such as [ɐ̃j] and [ɐ̃w], and nasal triphthongs such as [wɐ̃w] and [wõj].
साँचा:IPA keys horizontal
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