1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Zonaras, Joannes

ZONARAS, JOANNES (John) Byzantine chronicler and theologian, flourished at Constantinople in the 12th century. Under Alexius I. Comnenus he held the offices of commander of the bodyguard and private secretary to the emperor, but in the succeeding reign he retired to Hagia Glykeria (one of the Princes' Islands), where he spent the rest of his life in writing books. His most important work, Ἐπιτομὴ Ἱστοριῶν (compendium of history), in eighteen books, extends from the creation of the world to the death of Alexius (1118). The earlier part is largely drawn from Josephus; for Roman history he chiefly followed Dio Cassius, whose first twenty books are not otherwise known to us. His history was continued by Nicetas Acominatus. Various ecclesiastical works have been attributed to Zonaras—commentaries on the Fathers and the poems of Gregory of Nazianzus; lives of Saints; and a treatise on the Apostolical Canons—and there is no reason to doubt their genuineness. The lexicon, however, which has been handed down under his name (ed. J. A. H. Tittmann 1808) is probably the work of a certain Antonius Monachus (Stein’s Herodotus, ii. 479 f.).

Complete edition in Migne, Patrologia Graeca, cxxxiv. cxxxv. cxxxvii.; the Chronicon by M. Pinder and T. Büttner-Wobst in the Bonn Corpus Scriptorum Hist. Byz. (1841–97) and by L. Dindorf in the Teubner series (1868–76); see bibliography in C. Krumbacher, Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur (2nd ed. 1897).