Yakin Falasdinu na 1948
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| Iri | yaƙi |
|---|---|
| Kwanan watan | 1940s |
Time period (en)  |
contemporary history (en) |
| Wuri |
Levant (en) |
| Ƙasa | Daular Biritaniya da Isra'ila |
| Participant (en) |
Yishuv (en) Isra'ila Haganah (en) Palmach (en) Irgun (en) Lehi (en) Arab Liberation Army (en) Army of the Holy War (en) Kingdom of Egypt (en) Jordan Kingdom of Iraq (en) First Syrian Republic (en) Lebanon |
| Chronology (en) | |
| Declaration of Israeli independence (en) | |
| 1948 Palestinian exodus (en) | |
| Has part(s) (en) | |
|
1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine (en) (30 Nuwamba, 1947 – 14 Mayu 1948) Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948 (15 Mayu 1948 – 10 ga Maris, 1949) | |
An yi yakin Palastinu a 1948 a yankin abin da ya kasance, a farkon yakin, Falasdinu na tilas ne karkashin mulkin Birtaniya. An san shi a cikin Isra'ila a matsayin Yaƙin 'Yanci (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות, Milkhemet Ha'Atzma'ut) kuma da larabci a matsayin jigon Nakba (Larabci: النَّكْبَة). [1][2] Shi ne yakin farko na rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu da kuma rikicin Larabawa da Isra'ila. A lokacin yakin, Birtaniya ta dakatar da Dokar kuma ta janye, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkin da ya fara a 1917, a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Kafin nan, yankin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Usmaniyya . A cikin Mayu 1948, Yahudawa Yishuv ya kafa ƙasar Isra'ila, an ayyana halittarta a ranar ƙarshe ta Wa'adin. A lokacin yakin, alasdinawa Larabawa kusan 700,000 ne suka rasa matsugunansu.
Bayan yakin, an raba tsohon yanki na wa'adin a tsakanin kasar Isra'ila, wanda ya kama kusan kashi 78% nata, Masarautar Jordan (a lokacin da ake kira Transjordan), wanda ya kama kuma daga baya ya hade yankin da ya zama Yammacin Kogin Jordan. da kuma Masar wacce ta kwace yankin Zirin Gaza, yankin gabar teku a gabar tekun Bahar Rum, inda ƙungiyar ƙasashen Larabawa ta kafa gwamnatin Falasdinu gaba ɗaya.
Yakin yana da manyan matakai guda biyu, na farko shine yakin basasa na 1947-1948, wanda ya fara a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1947, kwana [3] bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri'ar amincewa da tsarin rarraba Falasdinu, wanda ya raba yankin zuwa Yahudawa da Larabawa. kasashe masu cin gashin kansu, da kuma Kudus na duniya ( matakin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 181 ). Shugabancin yahudawan ya amince da raba kasa, amma shugabannin larabawan Falasdinu da kasashen Larabawa suka ki amincewa da shi. [4] Masana tarihi sun bayyana wannan mataki na yakin a matsayin yakin "basa" ko "kabila" ko "tsakanin al'umma", kamar yadda aka gwabza shi ne tsakanin mayakan yahudawa da na larabawa na Falasdinu, da hadin gwiwar sojojin ƴantar da Larabawa da kuma kasashen Larabawa da ke kewaye. Wanda ake danganta shi da yakin neman zabe da ta'addanci, ya yi kamari ne a karshen watan Maris din shekarar 1948 lokacin da Yahudawa suka kai farmaki suka kamala da fatattakar Falasdinawa a manyan yakin neman zabe da fadace-fadace, inda suka kafa sahun gaba a fili. A wannan lokacin har yanzu Birtaniyya na ci gaba da samun raguwar mulkin Falasdinu kuma a wasu lokuta suna shiga cikin tashin hankali.[5]
Birtaniyya ta dakatar da wa'adin da tsakar dare a karshen 14 ga Mayu 1948. A wannan rana, sojojin Birtaniya na ƙarshe da suka rage sun tashi daga birnin Haifa kuma shugabannin Yahudawa a Palastinu sun ayyana kafa ƙasar Isra'ila. Hakan ya biyo bayan farmakin da sojojin Larabawa da ke kewaye da su suka yi wa Falasdinu a washegarin
Mamayen ya zama farkon mataki na biyu na yakin, yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila a 1948 . Masarawa sun ci gaba a bakin tekun kudu, aka dakatar da su kusa da Ashdod; Dakarun Larabawa na Jordan da sojojin Iraki sun kwace tsaunukan tsakiyar kasar Falasdinu. Kasashen Syria da Lebanon sun gwabza fada da sojojin Isra'ila da dama a arewacin kasar. Sojojin yahudawa, da aka tsara cikin rundunar tsaron Isra'ila, sun yi nasarar dakatar da dakarun Larabawa. A watannin da suka biyo baya an yi gwabza kazamin fada tsakanin IDF da sojojin Larabawa, wanda sannu a hankali ake mayar da su baya. Sojojin Jordan da na Iraqi sun yi nasarar ci gaba da rike mafi yawan tsaunukan tsakiyar kasar Falasdinu tare da kwace gabashin birnin Kudus ciki har da tsohon birnin. Yankin da Masar ta mamaye ya takaita ne a zirin Gaza da wata karamar aljihu da sojojin Isra'ila suka kewaye a Al-Fajula . A watan Oktoba da Disamba 1948 sojojin Isra'ila suka tsallaka zuwa cikin kasar Labanon inda suka shiga yankin Sinai na Masar, inda suka kewaye sojojin Masar kusa da birnin Gaza . Aikin soja na ƙarshe ya faru ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 1949, sa’ad da sojojin Isra’ila suka kama hamadar Negev suka isa Tekun Bahar Maliya. A cikin 1949, Isra'ila ta rattaba hannu kan wasu matakin yaƙi da Masar a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, Lebanon a ranar 23 ga Maris, Transjordan a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, da Syria a ranar 20 ga Yuli. A cikin wannan lokaci an ci gaba da tashi da korar Falasdinawa Larabawa.
A lokacin yakin, Falasdinawa Larabawa kusan 700,000 ne suka rasa matsugunansu kuma an lalata yawancin yankunansu na birane . Yawancin Larabawa Falasdinawa sun ƙare ba su da ƙasa, ko dai zuwa yankunan Falasɗinawa da Masar da Jordan suka kama ko kuma zuwa ƙasashen Larabawa da ke kewaye; da yawa daga cikinsu, da zuriyarsu, ba su da ƙasa kuma a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira
A cikin shekaru uku da suka biyo bayan yakin, Yahudawa kimanin dubu 700 ne suka yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila daga kasashen Turai da kasashen Larabawa, inda kashi daya bisa uku nasu suka fice ko kuma aka kore su daga kasashen da suke zaune a Gabas ta Tsakiya. [6] Wadannan 'yan gudun hijirar sun shiga cikin Isra'ila a cikin Shirin Miliyan Daya . [7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ AFP (24 April 2013). "Bedouin army trackers scale Israel social ladder". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2015
- ↑ Benny Morris (2008), p.419.
- ↑ Morris (2008), pp. 77–79
- ↑ Sandler, Stanley (2002). Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-57607-344-5. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2019
- ↑ Morris, 2001, chap.