Toyota MR2
 Toyota MR2 | |
|---|---|
automobile model series (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
sports car (en) |
| Lokacin farawa | 1984 |
| Lokacin gamawa | 2007 |
| Manufacturer (en) | Toyota |
| Brand (en) | Toyota |
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Toyota MR2 layi ne na kujeru biyu, tsakiyar inginin, motocin motsa jiki na baya da aka kera a Japan kuma Toyota yayi kasuwa a duniya daga 1984 har zuwa 2007 sama da ƙarni uku: W10 (1984-1989), W20 (1989–1999) ) da W30 (1999-2007). Ita ce motar farko da Japan ke kera ta baya a tsakiya.
An ɗauka a matsayin ƙaramar mota, mai tattalin arziki da wasan motsa jiki, MR2 ta yi amfani da abubuwan ƙira madaidaiciya, gami da cikakken mai zaman kansa MacPherson strut gaba da na baya, birki mai ƙafafu huɗu, da injin layi-hudu mai jujjuyawa .
Sunan MR2 yana nufin ko dai " m id-ship r un- about 2 -seater" ko " m id-engine, ear-wheel-drive, 2 -seater". A cikin kasuwannin masu magana da harshen Faransanci, an canza wa motar suna Toyota MR saboda gajeriyar "MR2" tana kama da "merde" lokacin da ake magana da Faransanci. [1]
Asalin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]MR2 ya samo asali ne daga aikin ƙirar Toyota na 1976 tare da burin mota wanda zai zama mai daɗi don tuƙi, duk da haka yana ba da tattalin arzikin mai mai kyau - ba lallai ba motar wasanni ba. Aikin ƙira ya fara ne a cikin 1979 lokacin da Akio Yoshida daga sashin gwaji na Toyota ya fara kimanta hanyoyin sanya injin da hanyar tuƙi, yana kammala sanya injin tsaka-tsaki. Toyota mai suna 1981 samfurin SA-X .
Daga ainihin ƙirarta, motar ta rikiɗe zuwa motar wasanni, kuma an gwada ƙarin samfura duka a Japan da Amurka. An gudanar da gwaji mai mahimmanci a kan tseren tsere ciki har da Willow Springs, inda tsohon direban Formula One Dan Gurney ya gwada motar.
Duk tsararraki uku sun kasance cikin bin ka'idojin gwamnatin Japan game da girma na waje da ƙaurawar injin. MR2 ya bayyana a daidai lokacin da Honda CR-X da Nissan EXA daga Japan, Pontiac Fiero da Ford EXP daga Arewacin Amirka, kuma kimanin shekaru goma bayan VW Scirocco da Fiat X1/9 daga Turai sun fara halarta.
ƙarni na farko (W10; 1984–1989)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Toyota ya gabatar da ƙarni na farko na MR2 a 1984, yana zayyana masa lambar ƙirar " W10 ". Lokacin da aka sanya shi da injin 1.5-lita 3A, an san shi da "AW10". Hakanan, sigar 1.6-lita 4A an gano ta ta lambar “AW11”.
A Japan, an sayar da MR2 ta musamman ta Toyota's Toyota Auto Store da Toyota Vista Store, dukansu an sake masa suna a 1998 a matsayin Netz Toyota Store . A gabatarwar sa a cikin 1984, MR2 ya lashe Motar Shekarar Japan .
Kamar yadda Toyota ya ƙera MR2 don ɗaukar injin mai lita 2, [2] fasalinsa na farko sun haɗa da hasken jikinsa (ƙananan 950 kilograms (2,094 lb) . a Japan da 1,066 kilograms (2,350 lb) a cikin Amurka), ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da ƙaramin injin ƙaura. Ana kiran motar sau da yawa a matsayin AW11, tana nufin lambar chassis na mafi yawan lita 1.6, nau'ikan injin A.
The MR2's suspension and handling were designed by Toyota with the help of Lotus engineer Roger Becker. Toyota's cooperation with Lotus during the prototype phase can be seen in the AW11, and it owes much to Lotus's sports cars of the 1960s and 1970s. Toyota's active suspension technology, called TEMS, was not installed. With five structural bulkheads, the MR2 was quite heavy for a two-seater of its size.
Toyota ya yi amfani da 4A-GE 1,587 cubic centimetres (1.6 L; 96.8 cu in) da ake nema ta zahiri injin layi-hudu, injin DOHC huɗu-bawul-per-Silinda, aro daga jerin E80 Corolla . An kuma sanye wannan injin tare da allurar man fetur ta tashar lantarki ta Denso da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan T-VIS, suna ba injin mafi girman ƙarfin 112 horsepower (84 kW) a Amurka, 128 horsepower (95 kW) a cikin Burtaniya, 116 or 124 metric horsepower (85 or 91 kW; 114 or 122 hp) a cikin Turai (tare da ko ba tare da mai canzawa ba), 118 horsepower (88 kW) a Ostiraliya da 130 metric horsepower (96 kW; 128 hp) in Japan. Samfuran Jafananci daga baya an canza su zuwa 120 metric horsepower (88 kW; 118 hp) . Na'urar watsawa mai sauri biyar daidai ce, tare da na'urar atomatik mai sauri huɗu tana samuwa azaman zaɓi.
Gwajin hanya 0 – <span about="#mwt86" data-cx="[{"adapted":true,"partial":false,"targetExists":true,"mandatoryTargetParams":[],"optionalTargetParams":[]}]" data-mw="{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Convert","href":"./Template:Convert"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"60"},"2":{"wt":"mph"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwdg" typeof="mw:Transclusion">60</span><span about="#mwt86" data-ve-ignore="true" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><span about="#mwt86" data-ve-ignore="true">mph (97</span><span about="#mwt86" data-ve-ignore="true" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><span about="#mwt86" data-ve-ignore="true">km/h)</span> lokuta a tsakiyar-zuwa babban-8 na biyu da kuma<span data-cx="[{"adapted":true,"partial":false,"targetExists":true,"mandatoryTargetParams":[],"optionalTargetParams":[]}]" data-mw="{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Convert","href":"./Template:Convert"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"1/4"},"2":{"wt":"mi"},"3":{"wt":"m"},"4":{"wt":"0"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mweA" typeof="mw:Transclusion"> </span> sau a tsakiyar-zuwa babban-16 na biyu na biyu, da sauri da sauri fiye da Pontiac Fiero na Silinda hudu ko Fiat X1/9 . [3] [4] [5] A cikin kasuwannin gida, an ba da samfurin tushe na AW10, wanda ya yi amfani da mafi yawan tattalin arziki 1,452 cubic centimetres (1.5 L; 88.6 cu in) Injin 3A-U wanda aka kimanta a 61 kilowatts (82 hp) .
A cikin 1986 (1988 na kasuwar Amurka), Toyota ya gabatar da injin da aka caje na MR2. Dangane da wannan toshe da kai, 4A-GZE an sanye shi da ƙaramin caja mai nau'in Tushen da Denso intercooler . An kawar da T-VIS kuma an saukar da rabon matsawa zuwa 8: 1. Ya samar 145 horsepower (147 PS; 108 kW) a 6,400 rpm da 19 kilogram metres (186 N⋅m; 137 lb⋅ft) na juzu'i a 4,400 rpm kuma ya hanzarta motar daga 0 zuwa 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) a cikin 6.5 zuwa 7.0 seconds. [6] Babban cajin na bel ne amma an kunna shi ta hanyar kamannin lantarki, ta yadda ba za a tuka shi ba sai lokacin da ake buƙata, yana ƙara tattalin arzikin mai. Nauyin hanawa ya ƙaru zuwa 2,494 pounds (1,131 kg) don samfura masu girma, saboda nauyin kayan aikin supercharger da sabon watsawa mai ƙarfi. [7] An kuma kara na'urar canza mai a wasu kasuwanni, domin baiwa motar damar yin amfani da man fetur na yau da kullun idan an bukata. Baya ga sabon injin, MR2 SC kuma an sanye shi da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu tsauri, kuma ya karɓi ƙafafun aluminum na musamman na "Tear-Drop". Murfin injin yana da filaye guda biyu da aka ɗaga (ɗayan ɗaya ɗaya daga cikinsu yana aiki) wanda a gani ya bambanta shi da ƙirar halitta. An kuma yi mata lakabi da "SUPER CHARGER" a jikin bangon baya da gyare-gyaren jiki a bayan kofofin biyu. Ba a taɓa bayar da wannan samfurin a waje da kasuwannin Japan da Arewacin Amirka ba, kodayake an shigo da wasu motoci cikin sirri zuwa wasu ƙasashe.
- ↑ Burton 2015.
- ↑ . JSTOR Cropley. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ Thompson, Jonathan. "Japan's First Mid-Engine Sportscar", Road & Track magazine, November 1984.
- ↑ Motor Trend Magazine, January 1985.
- ↑ Car and Driver Magazine, February 1985.
- ↑ "Fiero Formula vs MR2 Supercharged Comparison Test", Road & Track magazine, October 1987.
- ↑ "TOYOTA Service bulletin 1988 MR2 SPECIFICATIONS" (PDF). toyotapart.com. 1987. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2010-09-23.