Jifan Iblis
 Jifan Iblis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
religious behaviour (en)  | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Bangare na | Aikin Hajji | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
Jifan Iblis (Larabci: رمي الجمرات ramy al-jamarāt, lit. "jamarat [wurin duwatsu]")[1][2][3] wani bangare ne na aikin hajjin Musulunci na shekara-shekara zuwa birnin Makka mai alfarma a Saudi Arabia. A lokacin bukukuwan, mahajjatan Musulmai suna jifar duwatsu a bango uku (ginshiƙai na farko), waɗanda ake kira jamarāt, a cikin garin Mina da ke gabacin Makka. Yana daga cikin jerin ayyukan ibada da dole ne a yi su a aikin Hajji. Yana nuna alamar aikin hajji na Ibrahim (ko na Ibrahim), inda ya jejjefe ginshiƙai guda uku waɗanda ke wakiltar jarabar rashin biyayya ga Allah.
A ranar Eid al-Adha (ranar 10 ga watan Dhu al-Hijjah), mahajjata dole ne su bugi Babban Jamarah ko Al-Jamrah Al-Aqaba da tsakuwa bakwai. Bayan an kammala jifan a ranar Idi, kowane mahajjaci dole ne ya aske gashin kansa.[4] A kan kowane kwana biyu masu zuwa, dole ne su bugi dukkan bango uku da tsakuwa bakwai kowanne, daga gabas zuwa yamma. Don haka aƙalla ana buƙatar tsakuwa 49 don bukukuwan, fiye da haka idan wasu jifa sun ɓace. Wasu mahajjata suna zama a Mina na ƙarin rana, a wannan yanayin dole ne su sake jifar kowane bango sau bakwai. Dutsen da aka yi amfani da su wajen jifan al'ada ana taruwa ne a Muzdalifah, a kudu maso gabashin Mina, a daren kafin jifa na farko, amma kuma ana iya tattara shi a Mina.
Sauya ginshiƙai.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Har zuwa 2004, jamarāt (guda ɗaya: jamrah) dogayen ginshiƙai ne. Bayan aikin Hajjin alib 2004, hukumomin Saudiyya sun maye gurbin ginshiƙan da bango mai tsawon mita 26 (ƙafa 85) don aminci; mutane da dama sun yi ta jifan tsakuwa a kan mutanen da ke gefe. Don ba da damar shiga jamarāt cikin sauƙi, an gina gada mai hawa ɗaya da ake kira Gadar Jamaraat a kusa da su, wanda ke ba mahajjata damar jifa da duwatsu daga matakin ƙasa ko daga gada.
Ana kiran jamarāt (farawa daga gabas):[5]
- jamrah ta farko (al-jamrah al-'ūlā), ko ƙaramar jamrah (الجمرة الصغرى al-jamrah aṣ-ṣughrā),
- tsakiyar jamrah (الجمرة الوسطى al-jamrah al-wusṭā),
- mafi girma jamrah (الجمرة الكبرى al-jamrah al-kubrā), ko Jamrah na Aqaba (جمرة العقبة jamrat al-ʿaqaba).
Kafin 2004, tazara tsakanin ƙaramar da tsakiyar jamarāt ita ce 135 m (443 ft); tsakanin tsakiyar da manyan jamarāt ya kai mita 225 (738 ft).[5]
Muhimmancin tarihi da ruhaniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Al-Azraqi ya yi bayanin yadda ibadar Ibrahim (Ibrāhīm) ta kasance a Makka kamar yadda masanin tarihin al-Azraqi ya bayyana:
Lokacin da [Ibrahim] ya bar Mina aka sauko da shi zuwa (alfarmar da ake kira) al-Aqaba, Iblis ya bayyana gare shi a Dutsen Dutse na Kazanta. Sai Jibrilu (Jibril) ya ce masa: ka jajjefe shi! don haka Ibrahim ya jefe shi da duwatsu bakwai har ya bace masa. Sa'an nan ya bayyana a gare shi a Tsakiyar Tsaku-Tsibi. Jibrilu ya ce masa: ka jajjefe shi! don haka ya jefe shi da duwatsu bakwai har ya bace masa. Sa'an nan ya bayyana a gare shi a Littlean Dutsen Dutse. Jibrilu ya ce masa: ka jajjefe shi! don haka ya jefe shi da duwatsu bakwai (7) kamar ƙananan duwatsu don jifa da majajjawa. Don haka Iblis ya janye daga gare shi.[6]
Duk jamarāt guda uku suna wakiltar shaidan: na farko kuma mafi girma yana wakiltar fitinar da ya yi wa Ibrahim kan yin hadaya da Ishmael (Isma'il); na biyun yana wakiltar fitinar matar Hajaratu (Hājar) ta sa ta hana shi; na uku yana wakiltar fitinar da ya yi wa Isma’il don guje wa yin hadaya. An tsawata masa a kowane lokaci, kuma jifa da duwatsu alama ce ta tsautawar.
Jifan jamarāt kuma yana wakiltar kin mutuncin kan mutum (an-nafs al-'Amāra, a zahiri "mai mulkin cikin gida") da kuma yin watsi da ƙarancin son zuciya da buri. Kamar yadda wani malamin addinin Musulunci yake cewa:
Idan mutum zai iya murkushe al-nafs al-Amāra yayin jifar Jamrat al-Aqaba (Jamrah na Aqaba), to mutum ya ɗauki mataki na gaba don samun kusanci ga Allah, kuma tunda tsakanin bawa da Allah bai wuce nisan mataki daya ba, idan mutum ya sami damar daukar wannan matakin ya tsallake son zuciya da son zuciyarsa, to abin da ke biyo baya shine matakin kusanci da Allah.
A cikin wadancan kwanaki biyu ko uku bayan Idi wanda mutum yake a Mina, dole ne mutum ya jifar da jamarat guda uku, ma'ana dole ne mutum ya tattake dan mulkinsa na cikin gida (an-nafs al-'Amāra), fitinar Shaidan daga aljannu (Iblisawa da makamantansa), da Shaidan daga cikin Mutane (makiyan addini da na bil'adama).
Jifan jamarāt guda uku shine, a takaice, tattake mahassada da yakar dukkan su. Lokacin da mutum ya mai da hankali akan su da ƙiyayya gare su, to mutum yana mai da hankali kai tsaye tare da cikakken kulawa kan kansa - kuma daidai ne - yayin jifar jamarāt, dole ne mutum ya mai da hankali gaba ɗaya kan kansa. Hari ne a kan jarabawar da mutum ke ciki ko son zuciya, kuma yana nuna ƙauracewa daga kai zuwa ga ƙara mika kai ga nufin Allah.[7]
Abubuwan da suka faru
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana ɗaukar jifan Iblis a matsayin mafi haɗari na aikin hajji, kamar yadda motsin mutane ba zato ba tsammani akan ko kusa da gadar Jamaraat na iya sa a murƙushe mutane. A lokuta da dama, dubban mahalarta sun shaƙa ko aka tattake su har lahira.
Wani muhimmin mataki wajen gudanar da taron jama'a shine maye gurbin ginshiƙan jamarāt ta bango don sauƙaƙe da hanzarta jifa. An kuma fadada gadar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don karbar adadin mahajjatan da ke yin aikin Hajji a kowace shekara.
Yanayin cunkoson jama'a na da wahala musamman a ranar ƙarshe ta aikin Hajji, wanda shine ranar da mahajjata ke barin kwarin Mina su koma Makka don yin Tawaf na bankwana (dawafin ƙarshe na Ka'aba). Kamar yadda hadisi yazo mana, an yi jifa na Muhammad ne bayan sallar azahar. Malamai da yawa suna jin cewa ana iya yin al'ada kowane lokaci tsakanin tsakar rana da faɗuwar rana a wannan rana; duk da haka, ana koya wa Musulmai da yawa cewa ya kamata a yi ta nan da nan bayan sallar azahar. Wannan yana haifar da mutane suna yin sansani har zuwa tsakar rana kuma suna hanzarta fita don yin jifa.
An ce wadannan dalilai guda biyu ne suka haddasa turmutsitsin a lokacin aikin Hajjin 2006 wanda ya kashe akalla mahajjata 346 tare da jikkata akalla 289. Wannan ya kasance duk da ƙoƙarin da mahukunta suka yi na sanar da mahajjata game da halaccin girgiza ziyarar su zuwa jamarat tare da umartar su da barin kayan su a tantunan su. Wani abin da ke kara rudani a cikin bala'in shi ne rashin hadin kai daga mahajjatan da ba sa barin yankin jamarāt ta hanyar da ta dace, don haka suke tsoma baki cikin motsin wasu da ke zuwa.
Wani murkushewar ya faru a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2015, a Mina lokacin da aka kashe akalla mahajjata 2,411, sabon kididdigar Associated Press ya nuna, sau uku adadin mutuwar da masarautar ta amince da shi bayan watanni uku.[8] Alkaluman AP sun tabbatar da murkushe ranar 24 ga Satumba a Mina a matsayin mafi muni a tarihin aikin hajji na shekara -shekara. Hakan ya faru ne makwanni kadan bayan rushewar kyankyaso a Makka.
Hukumomi sun ce murkushe Mina da turmutsutsun ya faru ne lokacin da igiyar mahajjata biyu suka hadu a kan wata kunkuntar hanya, ta shaka ko tattake wadanda bala’in ya rutsa da su.[8]
Saudi Arabiya ta kashe biliyoyin daloli kan kula da cunkoson jama'a da matakan tsaro ga wadanda ke halartar aikin hajjin na kwanaki biyar na shekara-shekara, wanda ake bukata ga kowane musulmi mai karfin jiki sau daya a rayuwarsa, amma yawan mahalarta taron ya sa tabbatar da tsaronsu ke da wahala. Aikin hajjin a shekarar 2015 ya jawo mahajjata miliyan biyu, kodayake a shekarun baya -bayan nan ya jawo sama da miliyan uku ba tare da wani babban abin da ya faru ba.
Koyaya, masana sun ce yawan taron yana iya haifar da rugujewar jama'a a cikin irin wannan yanayi. Edwin Galea na Jami'ar Greenwich ya ce: "Idan kuna tsara wani taron don kula da yawan taron, yana da haɗari." Ya yi nuni da cewa mutane 500,000 a awa daya da za su iya tsallake gadar Jamarat bayan da aka fadada ta a shekarar 2004 daidai yake da mafi yawan mutanen da ke da kwallon kafa sau daya a kowane minti 24 ko kuma yawan mutanen Jamus a cikin mako guda. Magani guda daya zai iya kasancewa shine yada aikin Hajji na tsawon lokaci.[9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Burton, Richard Francis (1857). Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah. Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts. p. 226. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
The word jamrah is applied to the place of stoning, as well as to the stones.
- ↑ Abū Dāʼūd (1984). Sunan Abu Dawud: Chapters 519-1337. Sh. M. Ashraf. Archived from the original on 2017-04-09. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
1204. Jamrah originally means a pebble. It is applied to the heap of stones or a pillar.
- ↑ Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1995) [1885]. Dictionary of Islam. p. 225. ISBN 978-81-206-0672-2. Archived from the original on 2016-05-08. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
Literally "gravel, or small pebbles." The three pillars [...] placed against a rough wall of stones [...]
- ↑ "Day 3: 10th of Dhul Hijjah | Hajj & Umrah Planner". hajjumrahplanner.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2017-04-07. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Muhammad H. Al-Haboubi (October 2003). "A New Layout Design for the Jamarat Area (Stoning the Devil)". The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 28 (2B). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.133.6854.
- ↑ F.E. Peters, A Reader on Classical Islam, Princeton University Press, 1994 (08033994793.ABA)
- ↑ Ayatollah al Hajj ash‑Shaikh Husain Mazaheri, Secret of the Hajj Archived 2010-12-28 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gambrell, Jon (10 November 2015). "AP count: Over 2,400 killed in Saudi hajj stampede, crush". Business Insider. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ↑ Benedictus, Leo (3 October 2015). "Hajj crush: how crowd disasters happen, and how they can be avoided". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2015.