Iranian languages

Iranian languages
Linguistic classification	Indo-European (en) ; Indo-Iranian (en) ; Iranian languages; ; ;
ISO 639-2 / 5	ira

Ka duba wannan shafin domin sanin yanda zaka gyara wannan mukalar Koyon rubuta mukala

Akwai yuwar admin ya goge wannan shafin matukar ba'a inganta ta ba.

Harsunan Iranic, wanda ake kira harsunan Iran, reshe ne na yarukan Indo-Iranian a cikin dangin yaren Indo-Turai waɗanda Mutanen Iran ke magana da su, galibi a cikin Filin Iran.

An rarraba harsunan Iran a matakai uku: Tsohon Iran (har zuwa 400 KZ), Iran ta Tsakiya (400 KZ - 900 AZ) da Sabon Iran (tun daga 900 AZ). Harsunan Tsohon Iran guda biyu da aka tabbatar kai tsaye sune Tsohon Farisa (daga Daular Achaemenid) da Avesta" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Avestan">Tsohon Avestan (harshen Avesta). Daga cikin yarukan Iran ta Tsakiya, waɗanda aka fi fahimta da rubuce-rubuce sune Farisa ta Tsakiya (daga Daular Sasanian), Parthian (daga Daula ta Parthian), da Bactrian (daga Daulejin Kushan da Hephthalite).

Adadin masu magana

^[1]As of 2008^[update], akwai kimanin mutane miliyan 150-200 da ke magana da yarukan Iran. Ethnologue ya kiyasta cewa akwai harsuna 86 a cikin rukuni.

Harsuna mafi girma ta yawan masu magana da asali
Sunan	masu magana
Farisa	Miliyan 84
Pashto	Miliyan 50
Kurdawa	Miliyan 35
Balochi	Miliyan 15
Caspian	Miliyan 10
Tajik	Miliyan 8
Luri	Miliyan 5

Kalmomin da rukuni

The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a third-century inscription at Naqsh-e Rostam, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to the Iranian peoples. The Middle-Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic nouns ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian), both deriving from Proto-Iranian language *arya- (meaning "Aryan", i.e. "of the Iranians"),^[2] recognized as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European language Samfuri:PIE, meaning "one who assembles (skilfully)". In the Iranic languages spoken on the plateau, the gentilic is attested as a self-identifier, included in ancient inscriptions and the literature of the Avesta,^[4] and remains also in other Iranian ethnic names Alan (Samfuri:Lang-os Ir) and Iron (Ирон).^[5]

Manazarta

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↑ In the Avesta, the airiia- are members of the ethnic group of the Avesta-reciters themselves, in contradistinction to the anairiia- (the "non-Arya"). The word also appears four times in Old Persian: One is in the Behistun Inscription, where ariya- is the name of a language (DB 4.89). The other three instances occur in Darius the Great's inscription at Naqsh-e Rostam (DNa 14–15), in Darius I's inscription at Susa (DSe 13–14), and in the inscription of Xerxes I at Persepolis (XPh 12–13). In these, the two Achaemenid dynasties describe themselves as pārsa pārsahyā puça ariya ariyaciça "a Persian, son of a Persian, an Ariya, of Ariya origin."—The phrase with ciça ("origin, descendance") assures that ariya is an ethnic name wider in meaning than pārsa and not a simple adjectival epithet.^[3]
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[4] In the Avesta, the airiia- are members of the ethnic group of the Avesta-reciters themselves, in contradistinction to the anairiia- (the "non-Arya"). The word also appears four times in Old Persian: One is in the Behistun Inscription, where ariya- is the name of a language (DB 4.89). The other three instances occur in Darius the Great's inscription at Naqsh-e Rostam (DNa 14–15), in Darius I's inscription at Susa (DSe 13–14), and in the inscription of Xerxes I at Persepolis (XPh 12–13). In these, the two Achaemenid dynasties describe themselves as pārsa pārsahyā puça ariya ariyaciça "a Persian, son of a Persian, an Ariya, of Ariya origin."—The phrase with ciça ("origin, descendance") assures that ariya is an ethnic name wider in meaning than pārsa and not a simple adjectival epithet.^[3]

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