Ezana na Axum
 Ezana na Axum | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
325 - 356 ← Ousanas (en)  - MHDYS (en) → | |||
| Rayuwa | |||
| Haihuwa |
Axum (en) , | ||
| ƙasa | Masarautar Aksum | ||
| Ƴan uwa | |||
| Mahaifi | Ousanas | ||
| Mahaifiya | Sofya of Axum | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a | sarki | ||
| Imani | |||
| Addini | Kiristanci | ||
Ezana ( Ge'ez , 'Ezana, unvocalized shukazene'zn ), ( Ancient Greek , Aezana ) shi ne mai mulkin masarautar Aksum (320s – c. 360 AD ). Daya daga cikin manyan sarakunan Aksum, Ezana na da muhimmanci domin shi ne sarki na farko a kasar da ya karbi addinin Kiristanci kuma ya mai da shi addini a hukumance. Al’adar ta nuna cewa Ezana ya gaji mahaifinsa Ella Amida ( Ousanas ) a matsayin sarki tun yana yaro amma mahaifiyarsa, Sofya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai mulki har ya girma.
Mulki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ezana shine sarki na farko na Masarautar Aksum da ya rungumi Kiristanci, bayan malamin bawansa, Frumentius, ya tuba. Shi ne sarki na farko bayan Zoskales da masana tarihi na zamani suka ambata, lamarin da ya kai Stuart Munro-Hay yin sharhi cewa shi ne "mafi shaharar sarakunan Aksumite kafin Kaleb ." [1] A farkon rayuwarsa ya ɗauki kansa ɗan Ares, amma daga baya rubuce-rubucen sun nuna alaƙa da Kiristanci. Malaminsa na ƙuruciya, Kiristan Siriya Frumentius, ya zama shugaban Cocin Habasha . Wasiƙar da ta tsira daga Sarkin Roma na Arian Constantius II an aika zuwa ga 'Ezana da ɗan'uwansa Saizana kuma ya nemi a aika Frumentius zuwa Alexandria don a bincikar kurakuran koyarwar kuma Theophilos Ba'indiya ya maye gurbinsa ; Munro-Hay yana ɗauka cewa 'Ezana ko dai ta ƙi ko ta yi watsi da wannan buƙatar. [2]
Ezana ya kuma kaddamar da yakin neman zabe da dama, wanda ya rubuta a cikin rubuce-rubucensa. An yi la'akari da wasu rubuce-rubucen da aka yi a kan stela a Ge'ez da aka samu a Meroë a matsayin shaidar yaƙin neman zaɓe a ƙarni na huɗu, ko dai a zamanin mulkin Ezana, ko kuma ta magabata kamar Ousanas . Yayin da wasu hukumomi ke fassara waɗannan rubuce-rubucen a matsayin hujjar cewa Aksumites sun lalata daular Meroë, wasu sun ce bayanan archaeological sun nuna raguwar tattalin arziki da siyasa a Meroë a kusa da 300. Bugu da ƙari, wasu suna kallon stela a matsayin taimakon soja daga Axum zuwa Meroë don murkushe tawaye da tawaye daga Nuba. Koyaya, tabbataccen shaida da hujja game da wane ra'ayi daidai ba a samuwa a halin yanzu.
A kan wasu tsabar kuɗin Aksumite da aka haƙa a lokacin mulkin 'Ezana' ya bayyana taken a cikin Girkanci ΤΟΥΤΟ ΑΡΕΣΗ ΤΗ ΧΩΡΑ - "Wannan zai faranta wa kasar rai". Munro-Hay yayi sharhi cewa wannan taken shine "wani abu mai ban sha'awa ne na tsabar kudin Aksumite, yana ba da jin damuwar sarauta da alhakin bukatun mutane da gamsuwa". [3] An samu wasu tsabar kudi da aka hako masu dauke da sunansa a karshen shekarun 1990 a wuraren binciken kayan tarihi a Indiya, wanda ke nuni da huldar kasuwanci a kasar. [4] Wani abu mai ban sha'awa na tsabar tsabar kudi shine sauyawa daga tsarin arna tare da fayafai da jinjirin wata zuwa zane tare da giciye. Ana kuma yabawa Ezana da kafa wasu sulke da duwatsu . Wani rubutu a cikin Hellenanci yana ba da da'awar Ezana: [5]
I, Ezana, King of the Kingdom of Aksum and Himyarites and of Reeidan and of the Ethiopians and of the Sabaites and of Sileel (?) and of Hasa and of the Bougaites and of Taimo...
Ba a san Ezana ba a cikin Lissafin Sarki duk da cewa tsabar kudin suna da wannan sunan. Bisa ga al'ada, sarakuna Abreha da Asbeha sun mallaki Habasha lokacin da aka gabatar da Kiristanci. Wataƙila waɗannan sunaye daga baya an yi amfani da su ga 'Ezana da ɗan'uwansa ko kuma waɗannan sunaye ne na baftisma. [7]
Girmamawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tare da ɗan'uwansa, Saizan (Sazan), Ezana (Aizan) [8] ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai tsarki ta Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Habasha da Cocin Katolika, tare da ranar idi na farkon Oktoba [9] da kuma ranar 27 ga Oktoba. [10]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Ezana Stone
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Munro-Hay, Aksum, p. 77
- ↑ Munro-Hay, Aksum, pp. 78ff
- ↑ Munro-Hay, Aksum, p. 192.
- ↑ Details in Paul B. Henze, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia (New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 31 n.18.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Anfray, Francis; Caquot, André; Nautin, Pierre (1970). "Une nouvelle inscription grecque d'Ezana, roi d'Axoum". Journal des Savants. 4 (1): 266. doi:10.3406/jds.1970.1235.|quote=Moi, Ézana, roi des Axoumites, des Himyarites, de Reeidan, des Sabéens, de S[il]éel, de Kasô, des Bedja et de Tiamô, Bisi Alêne, fils de Elle-Amida et serviteur du Christ
- ↑ {{cite book |last1=Gibbon |first1=Edward |title=The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire |date=14 February 2016 |publisher=e-artnow |isbn=978-80-268-5034-2 |page=Note 137 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3anCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT666 |language=en
- ↑ See "'Ezana" article on Dictionary of African Christian Biography (http://www.dacb.org) Web site at "'ÉZANA, Ethiopia, Orthodox". Archived from the original on 2017-05-05. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
- ↑ "Ethiopian Saints". Aliens in This World (in Turanci). 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
- ↑ Holweck, F. G., A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924
- ↑ Zeno. "Lexikoneintrag zu »Abreha, SS.«. Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Band 1. Augsburg ..." www.zeno.org (in Jamusanci). Retrieved 2021-11-06.