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Bani Khalid

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Bani Khalid

Yankuna masu yawan jama'a
Saudi Arebiya
Kabilu masu alaƙa
Larabawa
Bani Khalid

Bani Khalid ( Larabci: بني خالد‎ ) ya kasance gamayyar kabilun Larabawa ce. Kabilar ta mallaki Kudancin Iraki, Kuwait, da Gabas ta Gabas (al-Hasa da al-Qatif) daga karni na 15 zuwa na 18, kuma a sake karkashin kulawar Daular Usmaniyya a farkon karni na 19. A mafi girmansa, yankin Bani Khalid ya faro daga Iraki a arewa zuwa iyakar Oman a Kudu, kuma Bani Khalid yana da tasirin siyasa ta hanyar mulkin yankin Nejd a tsakiyar Arabiya. Yawancin membobin kabilar yanzu suna zaune a gabas da tsakiyar Saudi Arabia, yayin da wasu ke zaune a Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Palestine, Syria da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Bani Khalid dukkansu musulmin shia ne [1] kuma musulmin Sunni ne .

Bani Khalid

Manyan kabilun sune Al Humaid, Juboor, Du'um, the Al Janah, the Al suhoob, Grusha, Al Musallam, 'Amayer, Al Subaih said kuma Mahashir & Nahood. [2] Shugabancin Bani Khalid ya kasance bisa al’ada dangin Al Humaid ne suka rike shi. Bani Khalid ya mamaye hamadar da ke kewaye da Al-Hasa da Al-Qatif a lokacin karni na 15 da 18. [3] A karkashin Barrak ibn Ghurayr na Al Humaid, Bani Khalid sun sami damar korar sojojin Ottoman daga birane da garuruwa a shekarar 1670 tare da shelanta mulkinsu akan yankin. [4] [5] Ibn Ghurayr ya yi babban birni a cikin Al-Mubarraz, inda ragowar gidansa suka tsaya a yau. A cewar Arabian almara, daya shugaban Bani Khalid yunkurin kare prized hamada bustard ( Habari ) daga nau'i nau'i da hani da ƙauyãwã a mulkinsa daga farautar tsuntsu ta qwai, sunã tsirfatãwa kabilar lakanin "majiɓinta, na qwai da Habari ", ishara ce ga cikakken shugaban a kan masarautarsa. Babban jigo na "Khawalid" shine Haddori.

Faduwa ga Saudiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bani Khalid

Bani Khalid na gabashin Larabawa ya cigaba da kasancewa tare da membobin ƙabilarsu waɗanda suka zauna a Nejd a lokacin ƙaurarsu ta gabas, kuma sun sami abokan ciniki tsakanin shugabannin garuruwan Nejdi, kamar Al Mu'ammar na al-Uyayna . Lokacin da sarkin Uyayna ya bi ra'ayin Muhammad bn Abdil-Wahhab, sai shugaban Khalidi ya umarce shi da ya daina goyon bayan Ibn Abd al-Wahhab kuma ya kore shi daga garinsa. Sarki ya amince, sannan Ibn Abd al-Wahhab ya koma makwabtan Dir'iyyah, inda ya hada karfi da Al Saud . Bani Khalid ya cigaba da kasancewa manyan makiya Saudiyya da kawayensu kuma suka yi yunkurin mamaye Nejd da Diriyyah a kokarin dakatar da fadada Saudiyya. Yunkurinsu bai ci nasara ba, amma, bayan sun mamaye Nejd, Saudis sun mamaye yankin Bani Khalid a cikin al-Hasa tare da tumbuke Al 'Ura'yir a cikin 1793. A farkon shekarun 1950 yawancin Al Arabi da yawa waɗanda suka samo asali daga Iraq suka yi ƙaura zuwa Saudi Arabiya Al Qassim

Komawa da Faduwa daga Mulki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Lokacin da Ottomans suka mamaye Arabiya suka hambarar da Al Saud a 1818, suka ci al-Hasa, al-Qatif kuma suka dawo da mambobin Al 'Uray'ir a matsayin sarakunan yankin. Bani Khalid ba su da karfin soja irin na da a wannan lokacin, kuma kabilu irin su Ajman, da Dawasir, Subay ' da Mutayr sun fara kutsawa cikin yankunan Bani Khalid da ke hamada. Har ila yau, rikice-rikice na cikin gida sun mamaye su game da jagoranci. Kodayake Bani Khalid sun sami damar kulla kawance da 'Anizzah kabilar a wannan lokacin, amma daga baya kawancen kabilu da dama sun ci su da Al Saud, wadanda suka sake kafa mulkinsu a Riyadh a 1823. Yaki da kawancen da kabilun Mutayr da na 'Ajman suka jagoranta a 1823, [6] da kuma wani yakin da aka yi da Subay' da Al Saud a 1830, sun kawo karshen mulkin Bani Khalid. Ottoman sun sake nada gwamna daga Bani Khalid akan al-Hasa sau ɗaya a cikin 1874, amma mulkinsa ma bai daɗe ba. [7]

Yawancin dangi da bangarori na Bani Khalid sun riga sun zauna a al-Hasa da Nejd a wannan lokacin, amma da yawa daga waɗanda suka rage barin gabashin Arabiya bayan fatattakar sojoji da Ibn Saud, daga ƙarshe sun zauna a Iraki, Jordan . Dangin a yau ya ƙunshi manyan masu mulki, da mambobin gwamnati. Yawancin iyalai daga Bani Khalid ana iya samun su a yau a Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan Saudi Arabia da Qatar

  1. Yitzhak Nakash (2011)for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World p. 22
  2. Al-Jassir
  3. Mandaville, p. 503
  4. Fattah, p. 83
  5. Ibn Agil, p. 78
  6. Meglio
  7. Al-Rasheed, p. 36

Bayanan kula

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Anscombe, Frederick F., Tekun Daular Usmaniyya: halittar Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, da Qater, 1870-1914, Columbia University Press, New York 1997
  • Fattah, Hala Mundhir, Siyasar Kasuwancin Yanki a Iraki, Arabiya, da Tekun Fasha, 1745-1900, SUNY Press, 1997 [1]
  • Ibn Agil al-Zahiri, Ansab al-Usar al-Hakima fi al-Ahsa ("Tarihin iyalan gidan al-Ahsa mai mulki, Kashi na II: Banu Humayd (Al 'Uray'ir)"), Dar al-Yamama, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Larabci)
أبو عبدالرحمن بن عقيل الظاهري, "أنساب الأسر الحاكمة في الأحساء, القسم الثاني: بنو حميد (آل عريعر)", من منشورات دار اليمامة, الرياض, المملكة العربية السعودية
  • Ingham, B. "Muṭayr." Encyclopaedia na Islama. Shirya ta: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, CE Bosworth, E. van Donzel da WP Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Kan layi. 1 Disamba 2007 [2][permanent dead link]
  • Al-Jassir, Hamad, Jamharat Ansab al-Usar al-Mutahaddirah fi Nejd ("enididdigar Geanologies na Faman Gidan da aka Zaunar"), shigar a kan "Banu Khalid" (Larabci)
  • al-Juhany, Uwaidah, Najd Kafin Tsarin Gyaran Salafi, Ithaca Press, 2002
  • Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer na Tekun Fasha, Oman da Tsakiyar Larabawa, wanda Gregg International Publishers Limited Westemead ya sake bugawa. Farnborough, Hants., Ingila da Jaridun Jami'ar Irish, Shannon, Irelend. Buga a cikin Holland, 1970
  • Mandaville, Jon E., "Lardin Ottoman na al-Hasā a ƙarni na sha shida da sha bakwai", Jaridar American Oriental Society, Vol. 90, A'a. 3. (Jul. - Sep., 1970), shafi na. 486-513 JSTOR 597091
  • Meglio, R. Di. "banū ̲h̲ālid." Encyclopaedia na Islama. Shirya ta: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, CE Bosworth, E. van Donzel da WP Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Kan layi. 1 Disamba 2007 [3] Archived 2020-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
  • Nakash, Yitzhak ,  ] Isar zuwa Powerarfi: Shi'a a Duniyar Larabawa ta Zamani, Princeton University Press, 2006, wani yanki da aka ɗauka ta yanar gizo a [4] Archived 2016-06-03 at the Wayback Machine, an dawo da shi 5 Dec 2007
  • Oppenheim, Max Freiherr von, tare da Braunlich, Erich da Caskill, Werner, Die Beduinen, mujalladai 4, Otto Harrassowitz Wiesbaden 1952 (Jamusanci)
  • Szombathy, Zoltan, Genealogy a cikin ieungiyoyin Musulmai na Zamani, Studia Islamica, No. 95. (2002), pp. 5–35 JSTOR 1596139
  • Al-Rasheed, Madawi, Tarihin Saudi Arabiya, Jami'ar Cambridge University, 2002 (ta hanyar GoogleBooks [5] )
  • Rentz, George, "Bayanan kula a kan 'Oppenheim's' Die Beduinen '", Oriens, Vol. 10, No. 1. (31 Jul. 1957), shafi na. 77–89 JSTOR 1578756
  • Al-Wuhaby, Abd al-Karim al-Munif, Banu Khalid wa 'Alaqatuhum bi Najd ("Banu Khalid da Alakarsu da Nejd"), Dar Thaqif lil-Nashr wa-al-Ta'lif, 1989 (Larabci)
عبدالكريم الوهيبي ، "بنو خالد وعلاقتهم بنجد" د دار ثقيف للنشر والتأليف ، 1989