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At-Tawbah

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At-Tawbah
Surah
Bayanai
Bangare na Al Kur'ani
Suna a harshen gida التوبة
Suna a Kana かいご
Suna saboda repentance in Islam (en) Fassara
Akwai nau'insa ko fassara 9. The Immunity (en) Fassara da Q31204662 Fassara
Harshen aiki ko suna Larabci
Full work available at URL (en) Fassara quran.com…
Has characteristic (en) Fassara Saurin Medina
Copyright status (en) Fassara public domain (en) Fassara

At-Tawbah[1] At-Tawbah (Larabci: ٱلتوبة, lit. 'Tuba») ita ce sura ta tara (sura) na Alqur'ani. Ya ƙunshi ayoyi 129 (ayat) kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin surorin Madina na ƙarshe. An san wannan sura da sunaye biyu, At-Taubah da Al-Bara’at. Ana kiransa da At-Taubah bisa la’akari da cewa tana fayyace taubah da sanar da sharuddan karbanta. (aya 102. 118). Sunan Bara'at (Saki) an ɗauko shi ne daga kalmar buɗe surar.

Musulmai sun yi imanin cewa an bayyana shi a lokacin balaguron Tabuk a Madina a shekara ta 9 ta hijira. Rubutun Sanaa yana adana wasu ayoyi, akan takardar radiocarbon na kwanan wata zuwa tsakanin 578/44 bh da 669/49 ah.

Ita ce surar Alqur'ani daya tilo wacce ba ta farawa da Bismillah, tsarin bude baki da aka saba, da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin kai. Tana magana da kusan batutuwa iri ɗaya da waɗanda aka yi magana da su a cikin Suratul Anfal. Sabanin sauran surori, annabin musulunci Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam bai yi umarni da a sanya Bismillah a farkon wannan surar ba. At-Tawba aya ta 40 tana nufin Abubakar as thaniya ithnayn ('Na biyu na Biyu').

Dalilin rage Bismillah

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin dukkan surori 114 na Alqur'ani wannan ita ce kadai Bismillah ba a sanya masa gaba ba. Daga cikin bayanan da aka gabatar na rashin yin haka, wanda aka fi karbuwa a wajen Unal shi ne, kamar yadda Sallamar Musulunci, Assalamu alaikum, da sunan Allah mai rahama mai jin kai, tsaro da bayar da kwata ga wadanda aka magance. Duk da haka, Suratul Tawbah ta fara da wa'adi ga wasu mushrikai na Larabawa. Ya yi magana, a mafi yawan lokuta, game da sake nazarin alakar mushrikan da suke yawan sabawa yarjejeniyarsu, da yakin Tabuka, da bayyana makircin munafukai a Madina (9:64-67, 101). Muhimmancin Jihadi a tafarkin Allah (9:24), da dangantaka da Ahlul Kitabi.[2]

Magana guda uku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun daga budi har zuwa aya ta 37, magana ta farko, an bude ta ne a cikin Zil-Qa'adah A.H. 9. Kamar yadda muhimmancin abin da ya shafi maganar ke bukatar tabbatar da shi kan waki'ar Hajji, Muhammad S.A.W ya aika Ali ya bi Abubakar, wanda ya tashi zuwa Makkah domin jagorantar Alhazai zuwa Ka'aba. Ya horas da Ali da ya isar da jawabai a gaban wakilan dangogin Larabawa daban-daban domin ya yi musu nasiha dangane da sabbin manufofin da suka shafi mushrikai.


Tun daga aya ta 38 zuwa 72, magana ta gaba ta bayyana ne a watan Rajab A.H. 9 ko kadan kafin nan, lokacin da Muhammadu S.A.W ya shagaltu da shirin yakin Tabuka. An kwadaitar da Muminai da su taka rawar gani wajen Jihadi, kuma an zagi masu shirki da gaske saboda ajiye dukiyoyinsu da shakulatin bangaro da rayukansu a tafarkin Allah saboda munafunci, raunin imaninsu da rashin karfi ko rashin kulawa.


Kashi na 73 na karshe na Ayat 73 zuwa karshe, ya bayyana ne a lokacin da ya dawo daga yakin Tabuka. Akwai ƴan guntu-guntu da aka bayyana a cikin al'amura daban-daban a lokaci guda kuma Muhammadu ya shigar da su cikin sura kamar yadda ya faɗa daga Allah. Wannan magana tana gargadin munafukai da mugayen ayyukansu da kuma tsine wa Muminai da suka rage a yakin Tabuka. To, a lokacin da aka yi musu zagin, Allah ya keɓe waxannan muminai na gaskiya waɗanda ba su yi Jihadi a tafarkin Allah ba don wani bayani ko ɗaya.


A tsakiyar aya ta 97, wato, baya ga munafunci, daya daga cikin aibunsu shi ne, ba su ma taba cudanya da musulmin Madina ta hanyar da za su san hukunce-hukuncen Sharia.


Wato wadannan mutane suna son musulmi su fada cikin irin wannan yanayi na tashin hankali ta yadda wadannan mutane za su samu ‘yanci daga irin umarnin da suke da wuyar bi. Musamman ma a lokacin yakin Tabuka wadannan mutane sun yi fatan cewa a wannan karon musulmi suna fuskantar babban karfi na Rum, don haka watakila a wannan karon za su rasa dukkan karfinsu bayan cin galaba a hannun Rum. Haka nan kuma Allah Ta’ala ya ce a hakikanin gaskiya wadannan mutane sun yi karya ne a cikin zagayowar munafunci, wanda hakan zai zame masu abin kunya a duniya da kuma a lahira.

Abu Ishaq yace naji al-Bara' b. Azib (Allah Ya kara masa yarda) ya ce: “Surar karshe da aka saukar (a cikin Alkur’ani mai girma) ita ce surar At-Tawbah, kuma ayar karshe da ta sauka ita ce dangane da Kalala.

An karbo daga Sa’id bn Jubayr ya ce: “Na tambayi Ibn Abbas game da Suratul Tauba, sai ya ce: “Suratul Tauba? Ita ce fallasa (dukkan sharrin kafirai da munafukai). Sai ta ci gaba da bayyana cewa Maganar da ake maimaitawa akai-akai): '... da kuma daga cikinsu.' har suka fara tunanin cewa ba za a bar kowa a cikinsa ba. Sai na ce: "Suratul Anfal fa?" Sai ya ce: “An saukar da Suratul Anfal dangane da yakin Badar. Na ce, "(Shin) Suratul Hashr?" Sai ya amsa da cewa, "An saukar da shi ne dangane da Banu Nadir."

An karbo daga Zaid bn Thabit Al-Ansari cewa: wanda yana daga cikin wadanda suka kasance suna rubuta Wahayi Allah ya ce: Abubakar ya aika a kiraye ni bayan an kashe mayaka a cikin yakin Yamama, Umar ya kasance tare da Abubakar, sai ya ce: “Umar ya zo mini ya ce: “An yi wa mutane rauni a ranar Yamama, kuma ina tsoron kada a samu hasarar Alqur’ani. (Wadanda suka san Alkur’ani da zuciya) a wasu fagagen yaki, inda za a yi asarar wani bangare mai yawa na Alkur’ani, sai dai idan kun tattara shi. Kuma ni ina ganin ku tattara Alkur’ani.” Abubakar ya kara da cewa, “Na ce wa Umar, yaya zan yi abin da Manzon Allah bai yi ba? Umar ya ce mini: "Wallahi wannan abu ne mai kyau." Sai Umar ya ci gaba da matsawa, yana kokarin lallashina na karbi shawararsa, har Allah ya buda min kirjina a kanta, kuma na samu ra’ayin Umar.” (Zaid bin Thabit ya kara da cewa:) Umar yana zaune tare da shi (Abubakar). kuma ba ya magana. "Kai saurayi ne mai hankali, kuma ba ma zarginka (karya ko mantuwa): kuma ka kasance kana rubuta wahayi zuwa ga manzon Allah, saboda haka ka nemi Al-Qur'ani ka tattara (a cikin littafi daya)." Wallahi da shi (Abubakar) ya umarce ni da in kau da daya daga cikin tsaunuka (daga wurinsa) da bai fi abin da ya umarce ni da tara alkur'ani ba. Sai na ce da su duka, "Yaya ku ku aikata abin da Annabi bai yi ba?" Abubakar ya ce: “Wallahi wannan abu ne mai kyau, sai na ci gaba da yi masa gardama a kansa har sai da Allah ya bude qirjina ga abin da ya bude qirjin Abubakar da Umar, sai na fara ganowa. Abubuwan Alqur'ani da tattara su daga fatun, scapula, kasusuwan dabbobi dabino da kuma tunowar mutane (waɗanda suka sani a zuci). Na samu ayoyi wadanda ban samu wajen kowa ba sai Khuza'ima da waninsa, (kuma sun kasance:-) "Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, wani Manzo (Muhammad) daga gare ku, yã je muku. Yana baqin ciki a gare ku ku sami wata cuta ko wata wahala, Shi (Muhammad) Mai ƙwazo ne a kanku.” (9.128) Littafin da aka tattara Alƙur’ani a kansa ya kasance a wurin Abubakar har Allah Ya ɗauke shi zuwa gare shi. Shi, sa’an nan kuma tare da Umar har Allah Ya kai shi gare Shi, daga qarshe kuma ta kasance a wurin Hafsa ‘yar Umar.

  1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=At-Tawbah&wprov=rarw1
  2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari