Ƙungiyar sa kai ta kare muhalli
 Ƙungiyar sa kai ta kare muhalli | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Iri | ma'aikata |
ENGO (kungiyar da ba ta gwamnati ba) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta (NGO) a fagen kare muhalli. Wadannan kungiyoyi suna aiki a cikin gida da kuma duniya wanda ke sa su taka muhimmiyar rawa a wajen magance nau'o'in al'amurran muhalli daban-daban da ke faruwa a duniyar yau. Wani abin da ya fi bambanta tsakanin ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli da ƙungiyoyin muhalli shi ne, ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli suna da kundin tsarin mulki da ya bayyana ka’idojin yadda za a raba madafun iko tsakanin mutanen da ke cikin su. [1]
Daga fitowar ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli a cikin shekarata 1970s da shekarata 1980s, a baya lokacin da mutane kawai suka fara fahimtar mahimmancin lamuran muhalli, an sami cigaba da yawa don taimakawa duniya da mazaunanta. Wasu mashahuran misalan waɗannan masu ba da gudummawa sune WWF, Greenpeace, Conservation International, Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Hali, Abokan Duniya, Gidauniyar namun daji na Himalayan da Hukumar Binciken Muhalli.
Rabewa da manufofin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don kimanta rabe-rabe na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwa guda biyar:
• Asalin geopolitical (wuri),
• akidar siyasa (hagu / dama / babu goyon baya),
• girman (yawanci),
• matakin mayar da hankali na siyasa (na gida / yanki / na duniya / duniya),
• hanyoyin samun kuɗi (kudaden shiga).
Babban burin ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli sun haɗa da amma ba'a iyakance su zuwa:
• Samar da dangantaka da gwamnati da sauran kungiyoyi.
Bayar da horo da taimako a cikin kiyaye aikin gona don haɓaka amfani da albarkatun gida.
• kafa hanyoyin magance muhalli, da sarrafa ayyukan da aka aiwatar don magance matsalolin da suka shafi wani yanki.
Don cikakken fahimtar tasirin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da muhalli wanda ƙungiyar za ta iya yi a yanki, yana da mahimmanci a lura da cewa ƙungiyar za ta iya yin aiki a waje da tsarin da Kuma gwamnatocin jihohi da sauran cibiyoyin gwamnati dole ne su bi.
Tallafawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na muhalli ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ba gwamnatocin tarayya ko na jihohi ba, don haka suna karɓar kuɗi daga masu ba da gudummawa masu zaman kansu, kamfanoni, da Kuma sauran cibiyoyi. [2] Tare da tallafin siyasa, ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli suma suna karɓar kadarori masu yawa da albarkatu ta hannun masu tallafawa gwamnati irin su Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP) da Hukumar Cigaban Dorewa (CSD) waɗanda suka maye gurbin manufofin muhalli. Kudaden da bangarori daban-daban ke bayarwa babu makawa suna yin tasiri kan yadda za a fitar da kokarinsu, da Kuma aiwatar da manufofin muhalli daban-daban, da Kuma ayyukan da ake yi na kalubalantar da matsa lamba ga jihohi su ba da hadin kai wajen kare muhalli. [2] A bayyane yake cewa masu zaman kansu da masu zaman kansu suna yin tasiri kuma suna shafar yadda ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli ke kallo da ba da rahoton yanayin muhalli.
Hanyoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tunanin gida yana da mahimmanci ga nau'ikan ƙoƙari da manufofin abin da ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli za su aiwatar. Wannan manufar ita ce ta taimaka wa yadda ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli za su “sauƙaƙa, ba da kuɗi, haɓakawa, da Kuma ba da tallafi na tsare-tsare da ƙungiyoyi ga ƙungiyoyin da ake kira ƙungiyoyin jama’a.” [3] Ƙoƙarin nasu ya zo da nau'i-nau'i da yawa kamar: ƙaddamar da yaƙin gwajin makaman nukiliya, zanga-zangar farautar whale, da "kamfen na kasa da kasa kan lalata kayan muhalli sakamakon ayyuka kamar" share katako, da kuma sukar jihohi game da manufofinsu marasa tasiri ko kamfanoni na kasa da kasa. samar da lalata muhalli." [2]
Kalubale
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]• Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na muhalli sun ƙara fahimtar hasarar rayayyun halittu a Afirka tare da gudanar da aikin kiyaye dabbobi da namun daji da na gida.
A cikin shekarun 1980, Turawa mazauna ƙauyuka ne suka mamaye mafi yawan mafi kyawun ƙasar Zimbabwe waɗanda aka raba su zuwa nau'ikan "(1) manyan filayen kasuwanci, (2) wuraren shakatawa na kasa da wuraren safari, (3) filayen gandun daji, (4) filayen birni" wanda (ban da na jama'a) mallakar gwamnati kuma ke sarrafa su. Matsalolin muhalli a can ana bayyana su da "sauyin yanayi na zahiri da ke haifar da kuma shisshigin mutane wanda mutane ke ganin ba za a amince da shi ba dangane da wani tsari na ka'idoji da aka saba amfani da su". [4]
Duba wasu abubuwan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin kungiyoyin muhalli
- Dan gudun hijirar kiyayewa
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedgreen - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Pamela Chasek, ed. 2000 The Global Environment in the Twenty-First Century: Prospects for International Cooperation.United Nations University
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedfisher - ↑ Potter, David, ed. 1996 NGOs and Environmental Policies: Asia and Africa. Oregon: Frank Cass.