Zane

Zane zane-zanen gani ne wanda ke amfani da kayan aiki don yiwa takarda alama ko wani fili mai fuska biyu. Kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don yin zane sune fensir, crayons, alƙalamai masu tawada, goge da fenti, ko haɗin waɗannan, kuma a zamanin yau, salo na kwamfuta tare da allunan zane ko gamepad a cikin software na zane na VR.

Zane
type of work of art (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	two-dimensional visual artwork (en) da artificial physical object (en)
Fabrication method (en)	art of drawing (en)

Zanen Leonardo da Vinci

Kayan aikin zane yana sakin ɗan ƙaramin abu a saman ƙasa, yana barin alamar bayyane. Mafi yawan tallafi don zane shine takarda, kodayake an yi amfani da wasu kayan, kamar kwali, vellum, itace, filastik, fata, zane, da allo. Za a iya yin zane na ɗan lokaci akan allo ko farar allo. Zane ya kasance shahararriyar hanya ce ta bayyana jama'a a tsawon tarihin ɗan adam. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi kuma mafi inganci hanyoyin sadarwa. Faɗin samun kayan aikin zane yana sanya zane ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan fasaha na yau da kullun.

Bugu da ƙari ga ƙarin siffofinsa na fasaha, ana amfani da zane akai-akai a cikin zane na kasuwanci, rayarwa, gine-gine, injiniyanci, da zanen fasaha. Zane mai sauri, mai kyauta, yawanci ba a yi nufin aikin gamawa ba, wani lokaci ana kiransa zane. Mai zanen da ke aiki ko aiki a zanen fasaha ana iya kiransa da mai zane, mai zane, ko draughtsman.

Dubawa

Palmire da karenta a zane

Zane yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin sifofin furcin ɗan adam a cikin fasahar gani. Gabaɗaya yana damuwa da alamar layi da wuraren sautin akan takarda/wasu kayan, inda aka bayyana madaidaicin wakilcin duniyar gani akan saman jirgin sama. Zane-zane na al'ada sun kasance monochrome, ko aƙalla ba su da ɗan launi, yayin da zane-zane-fenshi masu launi na zamani na iya kusanci ko ketare iyaka tsakanin zane da zane. A cikin ƙamus na Yamma, zane ya bambanta da zanen, kodayake ana amfani da kafofin watsa labaru iri ɗaya a cikin ɗawainiya biyu. Ana iya amfani da busassun kafofin watsa labarai, waɗanda aka saba alaƙa da zane, kamar alli, a cikin zanen pastel. Za a iya yin zane da matsakaicin ruwa, a shafa da goge ko alƙalami. Yin amfani da goga don zane ya yadu sosai kuma a nan shi ne ƙarin tsarin yin amfani da layi da ƙyanƙyashe, wanda ke kwatanta wani abu a matsayin zane. Irin wannan tallafi na iya aiki duka biyu: zanen gabaɗaya ya haɗa da aikace-aikacen fenti na ruwa a kan zanen da aka shirya, amma wani lokacin ana zana zane da farko akan wannan tallafin.

Zane sau da yawa yana yin bincikowa, tare da ba da fifiko ga lura, warware matsala da abun da ke ciki. Hakanan ana amfani da zane akai-akai don shirye-shiryen zanen, yana ƙara ɓoye bambancinsu. Zane-zane da aka yi don waɗannan dalilai ana kiran su zane-zane.

Akwai nau'ikan zane da yawa, gami da zanen adadi, zane mai ban dariya, dodo, da hannun hannu. Hakanan akwai hanyoyin zane da yawa, kamar zanen layi, stippling, shading, hanyar surrealist na entopic graphomania (wanda ake yin ɗigo a wuraren ƙazanta a cikin takarda mara kyau, sannan a yi layi tsakanin ɗigo). da kuma ganowa (zane akan takarda mai jujjuyawa, kamar takardan ganowa, a kusa da jigon sifofin da suka rigaya suka nuna ta cikin takardar).

Za a iya kiran zane mai sauri, wanda ba a tsaftace shi da zane.

A fagen fasaha, zane-zane na fasaha ko tsare-tsare na gine-gine, injina, na'urorin kewayawa da sauran abubuwa galibi ana kiran su "zane" ko da an canza su zuwa wata matsakaici ta hanyar bugawa.

Tarihi

A cikin sadarwa

Zane yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan furcin ɗan adam, tare da shaidar wanzuwar sa gabanin rubutacciyar sadarwa. An yi imanin cewa, an yi amfani da zane a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta musamman kafin ƙirƙirar rubutaccen harshe, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar samar da zane-zane na kogo da dutse kimanin shekaru 30,000 da suka wuce (Art of the Upper Paleolithic). Waɗannan zane-zane, waɗanda aka fi sani da pictograms, abubuwan da aka sifanta da abubuwan da ba za a iya gani ba. Zane-zane da zane-zanen da zamanin Neolithic suka yi an tsara su a ƙarshe kuma an sauƙaƙe su zuwa tsarin alama (rubutu) kuma daga ƙarshe zuwa tsarin rubutu na farko.

Zane a tafin hannu

Kafin yaduwar takarda a Turai, sufaye a cikin gidajen ibada na Turai sun yi amfani da zane-zane, ko dai a matsayin zane-zane na rubutun haske a kan vellum ko takarda, ko kuma a matsayin hoton ƙarshe. Hakanan an yi amfani da zane sosai a fagen kimiyya, a matsayin hanyar ganowa, fahimta da bayani.

A kimiyya

Zanen yadda wata take bayyana a satika'i

Zana zane-zane na abubuwan lura muhimmin bangare ne na binciken kimiyya.

A shekara ta 1609, masanin falaki Galileo Galilei ya bayyana canjin yanayi na Venus da kuma wuraren da rana ta zana ta zanen sa na kallon telescopic. A cikin 1924, masanin ilimin lissafi Alfred Wegener ya yi amfani da zane-zane don nuna ainihin asalin nahiyoyi.

Kamar yadda zane-zane Zane yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi hanyoyin da za a iya hango ra'ayoyi da kuma bayyana ƙirƙira mutum; don haka ya shahara a duniyar fasaha. A cikin mafi yawan tarihi, ana ɗaukar zane a matsayin ginshiƙin aikin fasaha. Da farko, masu fasaha sun yi amfani da kuma sake amfani da allunan katako don samar da zanensu. Bayan yaduwar takarda a cikin karni na 14, amfani da zane a cikin fasaha ya karu. A wannan lokaci, zane-zane ana amfani da shi azaman kayan aiki don tunani da bincike, yana aiki azaman matsakaicin nazari yayin da masu fasaha ke shirin yin aikinsu na ƙarshe. Renaissance ya haifar da haɓaka mai girma a cikin zane-zane, ba da damar masu fasaha su wakilci abubuwa da gaske fiye da da, da kuma nuna sha'awar ilimin lissafi da falsafa.

Ƙirƙirar nau'in daukar hoto na farko da aka samu ya haifar da sauyi a cikin tsarin fasaha. Ɗaukar hoto ya ba da madadin zane a matsayin hanyar da za ta wakilci daidai abubuwan abubuwan gani, kuma ba a ba da fifiko ga aikin zane na gargajiya a matsayin muhimmiyar fasaha ga masu fasaha, musamman a cikin al'ummar Yamma.

Fitattun masu fasaha da masu zane-zane

Zane ya zama mahimmanci azaman sigar fasaha a kusa da ƙarshen karni na 15, tare da masu fasaha da masu zane-zane irin su Albrecht Dürer da Martin Schongauer (c.  1448–1491), mawallafin Arewa na farko da aka sani da suna. Schongauer ya fito daga Alsace, kuma an haife shi a cikin dangin maƙeran zinare. Albrecht Dürer, masanin tsara na gaba, shi ma ɗan maƙerin zinari ne.

Zane-zane na tsohon Jagora sau da yawa yana nuna tarihin ƙasar da aka samar da su a cikinta, da kuma ainihin halayen al'umma a lokacin. A cikin Holland na ƙarni na 17, ƙasar Furotesta, kusan babu kayan zane na addini, kuma, ba tare da Sarki ko kotu ba, yawancin zane-zane ana siyan su a asirce. Zane-zane na shimfidar wurare ko al'amuran yanayi galibi ana kallon su ba a matsayin zane-zane ba amma a matsayin ayyukan fasaha da aka kammala sosai. Hotunan Italiyanci, duk da haka, sun nuna tasirin Katolika da Ikilisiya, waɗanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da taimakon fasaha. Haka abin yake sau da yawa game da zane-zane na Faransanci, kodayake a cikin karni na 17, ilimin Faransanci na Classicism yana nufin zane-zane ba su da Baroque fiye da takwarorinsu na Italiyanci masu 'yanci, wanda ya ba da ma'anar motsi.

A cikin karni na 20, Zamani ya ƙarfafa "ainihin tunani" kuma tsarin wasu masu fasaha na zane ya zama ƙasa da gaske, mafi m. Shahararrun masu fasaha na duniya irin su Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol da Jean-Michel Basquiat sun taimaka wajen kalubalantar halin da ake ciki, tare da yin zane sosai a tsakiyar aikinsu, kuma sau da yawa suna sake fassara dabarun gargajiya.

An samar da zane-zanen Basquiat a wurare daban-daban, galibi tawada, fensir, fenti ko alama, da sandar mai, kuma ya zana kowane saman da ya zo hannu, kamar kofofi, tufafi, firiji, bango da kwalkwali.

Karnukan da suka wuce sun samar da fitattun masu fasaha da masu zane-zane, kowannensu da harshensu na zane, gami da:

1. 14th, 15th and 16th: Leonardo da Vinci • Albrecht Dürer • Hans Holbein the Younger • Michelangelo • Pisanello • Raphael
2. 17: Claude • Jacques de Gheyn II • Guercino • Nicolas Poussin • Rembrandt • Peter Paul Rubens • Pieter Saenredam
3. 18th: François Boucher • Jean-Honoré Fragonard • Giovanni Battista Tiepolo • Antoine Watteau
4. 19th: Aubrey Beardsley • Paul Cézanne • Jacques-Louis David • Honoré Daumier • Edgar Degas • Théodore Géricault • Francisco Goya • Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres • Pierre-Paul Prud'hon • Odilon Redon • John Ruskin • Georges Seurat • Hen de Toulouse-Lautrec • Vincent van Gogh
5. 20th: Max Beckmann • Jean Dubuffet • M. C. Escher • Arshile Gorky • George Grosz • Paul Klee • Oskar Kokoschka • Käthe Kollwitz • Alfred Kubin • André Masson • Alphonse Mucha • Jules Pascin • Pablo Picasso • Egon Schieleat • Jean-Michel Basquileat Andy Warhol

Kayayyaki

Kayayakin Zane-zane

Me Zane-zane

Matsakaici ita ce hanyar da ake isar da tawada, pigment, ko launi zuwa saman zane. Yawancin kafofin watsa labaru ko dai sun bushe (misali graphite, gawayi, pastels, Conté, silverpoint), ko amfani da kaushi ko mai ɗaukar ruwa (alama, alkalami da tawada). Za a iya amfani da fensir mai launin ruwa a bushe kamar fensir na yau da kullun, sannan a jika shi da rigar goga don samun tasirin fenti iri-iri. Da wuya, masu zane-zane sun zana da (yawanci rarrabuwa) tawada marar ganuwa. Zane na ƙarfe yawanci yana ɗaukar ko dai azurfa ko gubar. Mafi ƙarancin amfani da su sune zinariya, platinum, jan ƙarfe, tagulla, tagulla, da tinpoint.

Takarda ta zo da girma da halaye iri-iri iri-iri, kama daga matakin jarida har zuwa takarda mai inganci da tsada mai tsada da ake siyar da ita azaman zanen gado. Takardu sun bambanta da rubutu, launi, acidity, da ƙarfi lokacin jika. Takarda mai laushi tana da kyau don yin cikakken dalla-dalla, amma mafi “takardar haƙori” tana riƙe kayan zane da kyau. Don haka abu mai ƙarfi yana da amfani don samar da bambanci mai zurfi.

Rubutun jarida da buga takarda na iya zama da amfani ga aiki da kuma zane-zane. Ana amfani da takarda binciko don gwaji fiye da zanen da aka gama rabin, da kuma canja wurin zane daga wannan takarda zuwa wancan. Takardar cartridge ita ce ainihin nau'in takarda zane da aka sayar a cikin pads. Ana amfani da allon Bristol har ma da allunan da ba su da acid mai nauyi, akai-akai tare da ƙarewa mai santsi, don zana cikakkun bayanai kuma kar a karkatar da su lokacin da aka shafa jika (tawada, wanki). Vellum yana da santsi sosai kuma ya dace da cikakkun bayanai. Ana iya fifita takarda mai launin ruwan sanyi don zanen tawada saboda nau'in sa.

Ba tare da acidic ba, takarda mai ingancin kayan tarihi tana kiyaye launi da sifarta da tsayi fiye da takarda mai tushe kamar rubutun labarai, wacce ke juyawa rawaya kuma ta zama gallazawa da wuri.

Kayan aiki na yau da kullun sune allon zane ko tebur, fensir mai gogewa da gogewa, da kuma zanen tawada, takarda gogewa. Sauran kayan aikin da ake amfani da su sune kamfas ɗin da'irar, mai mulki, da saita murabba'i. Ana amfani da Fixative don hana fensir da alamar crayon daga lalata. Ana amfani da tef ɗin zana don amintaccen takarda zuwa saman zane, da kuma rufe wuri don kiyaye ta daga alamun bazata, kamar kayan fesa ko fesa da wanki. Ana amfani da tebur mai sauƙi ko slanted don kiyaye saman zane a cikin matsayi mai dacewa, wanda gabaɗaya ya fi a kwance fiye da matsayin da aka yi amfani da shi a zanen.

Dabaru

Zanen Trios Crayons

Kusan duk masu zane-zane suna amfani da hannayensu da yatsunsu wajen amfani da kafafen yada labarai, ban da wasu nakasassu da ke zana da baki ko kafafu.

Kafin yin aiki akan hoto, mai zane yakan bincika yadda kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban ke aiki. Suna iya gwada kayan aikin zane daban-daban akan zanen aikin don tantance ƙima da rubutu, da yadda ake amfani da aikin don samar da tasiri iri-iri.

Raphael, nazarin abin da ya zama Alba Madonna, tare da wasu zane-zane Zaɓin mai zane na zanen bugun jini yana rinjayar bayyanar hoton. Hotunan alkalami da tawada sukan yi amfani da ƙyanƙyashe – ƙungiyoyin layi ɗaya. Cross-hatching yana amfani da ƙyanƙyashe a wurare biyu ko fiye don ƙirƙirar sautin duhu. Karye ƙyanƙyashe, ko layukan da ke da tsattsauran ra'ayi, suna samar da sautuna masu sauƙi - da kuma sarrafa yawan lokacin hutu yana samun ƙaramar sautin. Stippling yana amfani da ɗigo don samar da sauti, rubutu da inuwa. Za'a iya samun nau'i daban-daban dangane da hanyar da ake amfani da ita don gina sautin.

Zane-zane a cikin busassun kafofin watsa labarai sau da yawa suna amfani da dabaru iri ɗaya, kodayake fensir da sandunan zane na iya samun ci gaba da bambancin sautin. Yawanci ana cika zane bisa ga wane hannun mai zane ya fi so. Mai zane na hannun dama yana zana daga hagu zuwa dama don gujewa bata hoton. Masu gogewa na iya cire layukan da ba'a so, sauƙaƙa sautuna, da share maɓalli. A cikin zane ko zayyana, layukan da aka zana sukan bi juzu'in abin, suna haifar da zurfi ta hanyar kamannin inuwa da aka jefa daga haske a matsayin mai zane.

Wani lokaci mai zane ya bar sashin hoton ba a taɓa shi ba yayin da ya cika saura. Za a iya fentin siffar wurin da za a adanawa tare da ruwa mai rufe fuska ko a yanke shi daga frisket kuma a yi amfani da shi a saman zane, yana kare farfajiyar daga alamomi har sai an cire abin rufe fuska.

Wata hanyar da za a adana sashin hoton ita ce a yi amfani da feshi-kan gyarawa a saman. Wannan yana riƙe da kayan sako-sako da ƙarfi ga takardar kuma yana hana shi shafa. Koyaya, feshin gyaran gyare-gyare yawanci yana amfani da sinadarai waɗanda za su iya cutar da tsarin numfashi, don haka yakamata a yi amfani da shi a wurin da ke da isasshen iska kamar a waje.

Wata dabara kuma ita ce zane mai rarrafe wanda aka rufe saman zane da graphite ko gawayi sannan a goge don yin hoton.

Sautin

Zanen Edward Law na fensir Wanda H._M._Raeburn ya zana

Shading dabara ce ta sãɓãwar launukansa kima a kan takarda don wakiltar inuwar kayan da kuma sanya inuwa. Kula da hankali ga haske mai haske, inuwa da haske zai iya haifar da ainihin fassarar hoton.

Haɗuwa yana amfani da kayan aiki don tausasa ko yada bugun zane na asali. Ana yin haɗakarwa cikin sauƙi tare da matsakaicin da ba ya gyara kanta nan da nan, kamar graphite, alli, ko gawayi, kodayake sabon tawada da aka shafa ana iya shafe shi, jika ko bushe, don wasu tasirin. Don inuwa da haɗawa, mai zane zai iya amfani da kututturen kututture, nama, goge goge, ɗan yatsa, ko kowane haɗin su. Wani yanki na chamois yana da amfani don ƙirƙirar laushi mai laushi, da kuma cire kayan don sauƙaƙa sautin. Za'a iya samun sautin ci gaba da graphite akan santsi mai santsi ba tare da haɗawa ba, amma dabarar tana da ƙwazo, ta haɗa da ƙananan madauwari ko bugun jini tare da ɗan ƙarami.

Dabarun shading waɗanda kuma ke gabatar da rubutu ga zane sun haɗa da ƙyanƙyashe da ƙullewa. Yawancin wasu hanyoyin samar da rubutu. Bugu da ƙari, zaɓin takarda, zane-zane da fasaha yana rinjayar rubutu. Za a iya sanya rubutun ya bayyana mafi mahimmanci lokacin da aka zana shi kusa da nau'i mai ban sha'awa; wani nau'in wanda aka sanya shi kusa da wurin da aka haɗe. Ana iya samun irin wannan tasiri ta hanyar zana sautuna daban-daban kusa da juna. Gefen haske kusa da bangon duhu yana fitowa ga ido, kuma kusan ya bayyana yana shawagi sama da saman.

Tsari da salo

Tsari da salon zane

Auna ma'auni na batu yayin toshewa a cikin zane wani muhimmin mataki ne na samar da ainihin fassarar batun. Ana iya amfani da kayan aiki kamar kamfas don auna kusurwoyi daban-daban. Ana iya sake haifar da waɗannan kusurwoyi a saman zane sannan a sake duba su don tabbatar da ingancinsu. Wani nau'i na ma'auni shine kwatanta girman dangi na sassa daban-daban na batun da juna. Ana iya amfani da yatsa da aka sanya a wuri tare da kayan aikin zane don kwatanta wannan girman da sauran sassan hoton. Ana iya amfani da mai mulki duka azaman madaidaiciya da na'ura don ƙididdige ma'auni.

Salin zane

Bambancin rabo tare da shekaru Lokacin ƙoƙarin zana siffa mai sarƙaƙƙiya kamar siffar ɗan adam, yana da taimako da farko don wakiltar sigar tare da saitin kundila na farko. Kusan kowane nau'i na iya wakilta ta wasu haɗin cube, sphere, cylinder, da mazugi. Da zarar an haɗa waɗannan kundila na asali zuwa kamanni, to za'a iya tace zanen zuwa mafi inganci da gogewa. Ana cire layukan daɗaɗɗen maɗaukaki kuma an maye gurbinsu da kamanni na ƙarshe. Zana ginin da ke ƙasa muhimmin fasaha ne na fasaha na wakilci, kuma ana koyar da shi a cikin littattafai da makarantu da yawa. Madaidaicin aikace-aikacen sa yana warware mafi yawan rashin tabbas game da ƙananan bayanai, kuma yana sa hoton ƙarshe ya yi daidai.

Ingantacciyar fasahar zanen siffa ta dogara ga mai zane mai zurfin fahimtar jikin mutum da ma'aunin mutum. ƙwararren mai fasaha ya san tsarin kwarangwal, wurin haɗin gwiwa, sanya tsoka, motsin jijiya, da yadda sassa daban-daban ke aiki tare yayin motsi. Wannan yana ba mai zane damar yin ƙarin matsayi na halitta waɗanda ba su bayyana taurin jiki ba. Mai zanen ya kuma san yadda adadin ya bambanta dangane da shekarun batun, musamman lokacin zana hoto.

Hankali da lura

Lura

Hangen linzamin kwamfuta hanya ce ta zayyana abubuwa akan shimfidar wuri domin girman su ya ragu da nisa. Kowane saitin layi daya, madaidaiciyar gefuna na kowane abu, ko gini ko tebur, yana bin layin da a ƙarshe ke haɗuwa a wuri mai ɓacewa. Yawanci wannan wurin haɗuwa yana wani wuri tare da sararin sama, yayin da aka gina gine-gine tare da shimfidar fili. Lokacin da aka daidaita tsarin da yawa tare da juna, kamar gine-ginen da ke kan titi, saman da ke kwance da kasan gine-ginen galibi suna haɗuwa a wani wuri mai ɓacewa.

Lokacin da aka zana gaba da ɓangarorin ginin biyu, to, layin layi ɗaya da ke yin gefe suna haɗuwa a wuri na biyu tare da sararin sama (wanda zai iya kasancewa daga takardar zane.) Wannan hangen nesa ne mai maki biyu. Mayar da layikan tsaye zuwa matsayi na uku a sama ko ƙasa da sararin sama sannan ya samar da hangen nesa mai maki uku.

Hakanan za'a iya bayyana zurfin ta hanyoyi da yawa ban da tsarin hangen nesa na sama. Abubuwan da suke da girman kamanni yakamata su bayyana ƙarami gwargwadon girman su daga mai kallo. Don haka ƙafafun bayan keken yana bayyana ɗan ƙarami fiye da na gaba. Ana iya kwatanta zurfin ta hanyar amfani da rubutu. Yayin da rubutun abu ya yi nisa sai ya zama mai matsewa da shagaltuwa, yana ɗaukar yanayi daban-daban fiye da idan yana kusa. Hakanan za'a iya bayyana zurfafawa ta hanyar rage bambanci a cikin abubuwa masu nisa, da kuma sanya launin su ya zama ƙasa da cikakke. Wannan yana haifar da tasirin hazo na yanayi, kuma yana sa ido ya fi mayar da hankali kan abubuwan da aka zana a gaba.

Abun ciki

Abubuwan da ke cikin hoton wani muhimmin abu ne wajen samar da aiki mai ban sha'awa na cancantar fasaha. Mai zane yana shirin sanya kashi a cikin fasaha don sadarwa ra'ayoyi da ji tare da mai kallo. Abun da ke ciki zai iya ƙayyade abin da aka mayar da hankali ga fasaha, kuma ya haifar da jituwa duka wanda ke da kyau da kuma ƙarfafawa.

Haskaka batun kuma muhimmin abu ne wajen samar da wani yanki na fasaha, kuma musayar haske da inuwa hanya ce mai mahimmanci a cikin akwatin kayan aikin mai zane. Sanya hanyoyin hasken wuta na iya yin babban bambanci a cikin nau'in saƙon da ake gabatarwa. Wuraren haske da yawa na iya wanke duk wani wrinkles a fuskar mutum, alal misali, kuma su ba da bayyanar ƙuruciya. Sabanin haka, tushen haske guda ɗaya, kamar tsananin hasken rana, na iya yin aiki don haskaka kowane nau'i ko fasali mai ban sha'awa.

Lokacin zana abu ko siffa, ƙwararren mai zane yana mai da hankali ga duka yankin da ke cikin silhouette da abin da ke waje. Ana kiran waje mara kyau, kuma yana iya zama mahimmanci a cikin wakilci kamar adadi. Abubuwan da aka sanya a bayan hoton yakamata su bayyana da kyau an sanya su a duk inda za'a iya ganin su.

Nazarin zane zane ne wanda aka yi a shirye-shiryen hoto na ƙarshe da aka tsara. Ana iya amfani da nazari don tantance bayyanar takamaiman sassa na hoton da aka kammala, ko don gwaji tare da mafi kyawun tsarin don cimma burin ƙarshe. Duk da haka binciken da aka yi da kyau zai iya zama zane-zane a kansa, kuma yawancin sa'o'i na aiki mai kyau na iya shiga cikin kammala binciken.

Tsari

Mutane suna nuna bambance-bambance a cikin ikon su na samar da ingantattun zane na gani. An kwatanta ainihin zane na gani a matsayin "an gane shi azaman wani abu na musamman a wani lokaci kuma a cikin wani wuri na musamman, wanda aka yi tare da ɗan ƙara dalla-dalla na gani wanda ba za a iya gani a cikin abin da aka wakilta ba ko kuma tare da ɗan gogewa dalla-dalla na gani".

Binciken bincike ya yi niyya don bayyana dalilan da yasa wasu mutane ke zana mafi kyau fiye da wasu. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ya ba da damar iyawa guda huɗu a cikin tsarin zane: ƙwarewar motsa jiki da ake buƙata don yin alama, fahimtar mai aljihun kansa game da zanensu, fahimtar abubuwan da aka zana, da ikon yanke shawara mai kyau na wakilci. Bayan wannan hasashe, bincike da yawa sun nemi kammala wanne daga cikin waɗannan matakai ne suka fi tasiri wajen shafar daidaiton zane.

Sarrafa na'ura Sarrafa motoci muhimmin sashi ne na zahiri a cikin 'Matsayin Samarwa' na tsarin zane. An ba da shawarar cewa sarrafa motoci yana taka rawa wajen iya zane, kodayake tasirinsa ba shi da mahimmanci.

Hankali An ba da shawarar cewa iyawar mutum don gane wani abu da yake zana shine mataki mafi mahimmanci a cikin aikin zane. Ana goyan bayan wannan shawarar ta hanyar gano alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin fahimta da iya zane.

Wannan shaidar ta yi aiki ne a matsayin tushen littafin Betty Edwards na yadda ake zana, Zana a gefen Dama na Brain. Edwards ta yi niyyar koya wa masu karatunta yadda ake zana, bisa la’akari da ci gaban fahimtar mai karatu.

Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararren mai fasaha da mai sukar fasaha John Ruskin ya jaddada mahimmancin fahimta a cikin tsarin zane a cikin littafinsa The Elements of Drawing . Ya bayyana cewa "Gama na kusa gamsuwa, da zarar mun gani sosai, da wuya a zana abin da muke gani".

Ƙwaƙwalwar gani Hakanan an nuna wannan yana tasiri ikon mutum na ƙirƙirar ingantattun zane-zane na gani. Ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan gajeren lokaci yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zana yayin da kallon mutum ke canjawa tsakanin abin da yake zana da kuma zanen kansa.

Yanke shawara Wasu nazarin da aka kwatanta masu fasaha da masu fasaha sun gano cewa masu fasaha suna ciyar da lokaci mai yawa wajen tunani da dabaru yayin zane. Musamman ma, masu fasaha suna ciyar da ƙarin lokaci akan ayyukan 'metacognitive' kamar la'akari da tsare-tsaren hasashe daban-daban na yadda za su ci gaba da zane.