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== Kwame Nkrumah ein works ==
== Kwame Nkrumah ein works ==


* "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p. 2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University Archived 17 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine<ref>Bontemps, Arna (20 April 2017). "Lincoln and the Negro". ''University of Illinois Press''. '''1'''. doi:10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005.</ref>
* "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p. 2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Archived] 17 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine<ref>Bontemps, Arna (20 April 2017). "Lincoln and the Negro". ''University of Illinois Press''. '''1'''. doi:[[doi:10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005|10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005]].</ref>
* "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] [https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ Archived] 3 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine
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* ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). <nowiki>ISBN 0-901787-60-4</nowiki><ref>Nkrumah, Kwame (2002). ''Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (Africa's 100 best books ed.). London: Panaf. ISBN 0-901787-60-4. OCLC 6567302.</ref>
* "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] [https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ Archived] 3 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine
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* ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). <nowiki>ISBN 0-901787-13-2</nowiki><ref>Nkrumah, Kwame (1963). Africa must unite. London: Panaf ISBN 0-901787-13-2. OCLC 6567302.</ref>
⚫
* ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-901787-60-4|0-901787-60-4]]<ref>Nkrumah, Kwame (2002). ''Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (Africa's 100 best books ed.). London: Panaf. ISBN 0-901787-60-4. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51932153 6567302].</ref>
⚫
* ''African Personality'' (1963)<ref>Mead, Margeret (1963). ''Technique & personality''. Museum of Primitive Art. OCLC 603547274.</ref>
⚫
* ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). <nowiki>ISBN 0-901787-13-2</nowiki><ref>Nkrumah, Kwame (1963). Africa must unite. London: Panaf ISBN 0-901787-13-2. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6567302 6567302].</ref>
⚫
* ''African Personality'' (1963)<ref>Mead, Margeret (1963). ''Technique & personality''. Museum of Primitive Art. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/603547274 603547274].</ref>


<blockquote>De essence of neo-colonialism be say de State wey be subject to ein be, for theory insyd, independent wey e get all de outwards trappings for international sovereignty. For reality insyd e be ein economic system den thus ein political policy wey outside direct am.
<blockquote>De essence of neo-colonialism be say de State wey be subject to ein be, for theory insyd, independent wey e get all de outwards trappings for international sovereignty. For reality insyd e be ein economic system den thus ein political policy wey outside direct am. —  Introduction</blockquote>

— </blockquote>


* ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965)
* ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965)
* ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). <nowiki>ISBN 0-901787-54-X</nowiki>
* ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-901787-54-X|0-901787-54-X]]
* ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967)
* ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967)
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo]'' ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Archived] 5 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine'' (1967)
* ''Challenge of the Congo'' (1967)
* ''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). <nowiki>ISBN 90-17-87027-3</nowiki>
* ''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/90-17-87027-3|90-17-87027-3]]
* ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). <nowiki>ISBN 0-7178-0046-6</nowiki>
* ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-7178-0046-6|0-7178-0046-6]]
* ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968) – first introduction of Pan-African pellet compass. <nowiki>ISBN 0-7178-0226-4</nowiki>
* ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-7178-0226-4|0-7178-0226-4]]
* ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). <nowiki>ISBN 0-901787-11-6</nowiki>
* ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-901787-11-6|0-901787-11-6]]
* ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). <nowiki>ISBN 0-901787-12-4</nowiki>
* ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-901787-12-4|0-901787-12-4]]
* ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). <nowiki>ISBN 0-901787-41-8</nowiki>
* ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-901787-41-8|0-901787-41-8]]
* ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). <nowiki>ISBN 0-901787-14-0</nowiki>
* ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-901787-14-0|0-901787-14-0]]
* ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-901787-22-4</nowiki>
* ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-901787-22-4|978-0-901787-22-4]]


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 11:49, 24 October 2024

Kwame Nkrumah
human
Ein sex anaa gendermale Edit
Country wey e be citizenGold Coast Colony, Ghana Edit
Name in native languageKwame Nkrumah Edit
Name wey dem give amKwame Edit
Family nameNkrumah Edit
Ein date of birth21 September 1909 Edit
Place dem born amNkroful Edit
Date wey edie27 April 1972 Edit
Place wey edieBucharest Edit
Manner of deathnatural causes Edit
Cause of deathskin cancer, prostate cancer Edit
Place wey dem bury amKwame Nkrumah Mausoleum, Accra, Nkroful Edit
Spouse Edit
KiddieGamal Nkrumah, Samia Nkrumah, Sekou Nkrumah Edit
Native languageFante Edit
Languages edey speak, rep anaa signAkan, Nzema, Fante, English Edit
Ein occupationpolitician, writer, diplomat, lecturer Edit
Educate forLincoln University, London School of Economics and Political Science, University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, Achimota School, Lincoln University Edit
Honorific suffixPrivy Council of the United Kingdom Edit
Work locationElmina, Axim Edit
Political party ein memberConvention People's Party, United Gold Coast Convention Edit
Candidacy in election1960 Ghanaian presidential election Edit
Religion anaa worldviewChristianity Edit
Partner in business or sportDavid Wilberforce Kwami Dawson Edit
Participant insydConference on Africa Edit
Military or police rankfield marshal Edit
Notable workAfrica Must Unite Edit
Member ofPhi Beta Sigma Edit
Award e receiveLenin Peace Prize, Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo, Collar of the Order of the White Lion, Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta Edit
Ghana Place Names URLhttps://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/places-in-perspective/birthplaces#h.gb1ksetz76dk Edit

Kwame Nkrumah PC (21 September 1909 – 27 April 1972) be Ghanaian politician, political theorist den revolutionary. Na he be de first Prime Minister den Presido give Ghana, he make Gold Coast chop independence from Britain dema der for 1957 insyd.[1] He sanso be influential advocate for Pan-Africanism wey he sanso be political theorist. Nkrumah be one of the people wey create de Organization of African Unity wey he san chop de Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet Union for 1962 insyd.[2]

He go abroad go do twelve years of higher education, he san develop ein political philosophy, den san organize plus other pan-Africanists wey dey abroad. Nkrumah come back to Gold Coast so say he go start ein political career as advocate for national independence.[3] He create de Convention People's Party, wey dem get quick success sake of dema appeal to de common voter.[4] He chop Prime Minister for 1952 insyd wey he san dey dey position de time wey Ghana come chop independence from Britain dema der for 1957 insyd. For 1960 insyd, Ghana people agree for fresh constitution wey dem vote give Nkrumah wey he come turn presido.[5]

Na ein admi be socialist den nationalist all. He support industries wey dey de nation insyd den energy projects, he san develop strong national education system den promote pan-Africanist culture.[6] Ebe Nkrumah ein time wey Ghana lead international relations wey dey Africa for de decolonization period time nu.[7]

Nkrumah lead authoritarian regime for Ghana insyd, sake of he repress political opposition wey he conduct elections wey no be free den fair.[8][9][10][11][12] For 1964 insyd, constitutional amendment come make Ghana a one-party state, wey make Nkrumah chop president forever for nation den ein party all.[13] He foster personality cult, wey dey form ideological institutes wey he adopt de title of 'Osagyefo Dr.'[14] Na dem depose Nkrumah insyd 1966 insyd coup d'état by de National Liberation Council, under whose supervision na dem privatize de country ein economy.[15] Nkrumah go dey Guinea wey dem name am honorary co-president.[7][16][17]

Ein life matter

Kwame Nkrumah marry Fathia Ritzk, she be Egyptian Coptic bank worker den former teacher, for de eveninti for ein arrival for Ghana insyd: New Year ein Eve, 1957–1958.[18] Fathia ein mummie refuse say she go bless dema marriage, sake of reluctance to see say anoda one of ein kiddie dey leave plus foreign husby.[19][20]

As dem be married couple, Fathia den Nkrumah get three kiddies: Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) den Sekou (born 1964). Gamal be newspaper journalist, while Samia den Sekou be politicians. Nkrumah sanso get anoda son, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935).[21][22][23][24][25]

Kwame Nkrumah ein works

  • "Negro History: European Government in Africa", The Lincolnian, 12 April 1938, p. 2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University Archived 17 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine[26]
  • "Primitive Education in West Africa," Educational Outlook, January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). See Archived 3 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine
  • "Education and Nationalism in Africa," Educational Outlook, November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). See Archived 3 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine
  • Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah (1957). ISBN 0-901787-60-4[27]
  • Africa Must Unite (1963). ISBN 0-901787-13-2[28]
  • African Personality (1963)[29]

De essence of neo-colonialism be say de State wey be subject to ein be, for theory insyd, independent wey e get all de outwards trappings for international sovereignty. For reality insyd e be ein economic system den thus ein political policy wey outside direct am. —  Introduction

References

  1. ↑ "President Kennedy, Prime Minister Macmillan and the Gold Market, 196063", Governing Post-War Britain, Palgrave Macmilllan, doi:10.1057/9780230361270.0010, ISBN 978-0-230-36127-0
  2. ↑ Rathbone, Richard (23 September, 2004). "Nkrumah, Kwame (1909?-1972), president of Ghana". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31504. (Subscription anaa UK public library membership required.)
  3. ↑ "Political Progress", The Political Philosophy of Confucianism, Routledge, pp. 258-273, 5 November 2013, doi:10.4324/9781315018775-19, ISBN 978-1-315-01877-5
  4. ↑ Proceedings of the convention at which the American federation of arts was formed. B. S. Adams. 1909. doi:10.5479/si.380651.39088006011662.
  5. ↑ "Prime Minister 1957-60", Kwame Nkrumah. Vision and Tragedy, Sub-Saharan Publishers, pp. 192-214, 15 November 2007, doi:10.2307/j.ctvk3gm60.17, ISBN 978-9988-647-81-0
  6. ↑ Stanek, Lukasz (2020). Architecture in global socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War. Princeton. ISBN 078-0-691-14455-4. OCLC 1134854794.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Nkrumah, Kwame (1953). [Letter: Kwame Nkrumah to Richard Wright]. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  8. ↑ Mazrui, Ali (1966). "Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar". Transition (26): 9-17. doi:10.2307/2934320. ISSN 0041-1191. JSTOR 2934320.
  9. ↑ Kilson, Martin L. (1963). "Authoritarian and Single-Party Tendencies in African Politics". World Politics. 15 (2): 262–294. doi:10.2307/2009376. ISSN 1086-3338. JSTOR 2009376. S2CID 154624186. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  10. ↑ Bretton, Henry L. (1958). "Current Political Thought and Practice in Ghana*". American Political Science Review. 52 (1): 46–63. doi:10.2307/1953012. ISSN 1537-5943. JSTOR 1953012. S2CID 145766298. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  11. ↑ "Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah: visionary, authoritarian ruler and national hero". Deutsche Welle. 2016. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  12. ↑ "Portrait of Nkrumah as Dictator". The New York Times. 3 May 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  13. ↑ "VII. The Reluctant Nation", One-Party Government in the Ivory Coast, Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 219-249, 31 December 1964, doi:10.1515/9781400876563-012, ISBN 978-1-4008-7656-3
  14. ↑ Commanding Heights, 1998
  15. ↑ "Country capabilities and the strategic state: How national political institutions affect multinational corporations' strategies". Long Range Planning. 28 (1): 142. 1995. doi:10.1016/0024-6301(95)92200-8. ISSN 0024-6301.
  16. ↑ "Birthday Quote 21st September". AudlemOnline. 21 September 2017. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  17. ↑ "Kwame Nkrumah: Ghana's first president and a revered panafrican". The New Times | Rwanda. 31 October 2017. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  18. ↑ Fathia Nkrumah by her son Gamal Nkrumah. Ahram Weekly, 14 - 20 September 2000. Archived 24 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ "Here are all the First Ladies of Ghana since independence". Pulse Gh. 2 September 2019. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  20. ↑ "Fathia: The Rock Of The Nkrumah Family". Modern Ghana. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  21. ↑ Yankson, Nathaniel (22 September 2014). "Africa must re-examine, implement Nkrumah's ideas – Francis Nkrumah". MyJoyOnline. Multimedia Group Ltd. Archived from the original on 19 October 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
  22. ↑ "Kwame Nkrumah's unknown son surfaces". Ghanaweb. 4 April 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
  23. ↑ "Confirmed! Onsy is Kwame Nkrumah's Son". PeaceFMOnline. Peace FM. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
  24. ↑ Doe, Esther Eyra (31 July 2015). ""My Father Would Not Have Denied Onsy"- Samia Nkrumah". yen.com.gh. Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
  25. ↑ Mubarik, Abu (24 September 2017). "Sekou Nkrumah threatens to throw 'brother' in jail". pulse.com.gh. Pulse Ghana. Archived from the original on 19 October 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
  26. ↑ Bontemps, Arna (20 April 2017). "Lincoln and the Negro". University of Illinois Press. 1. doi:10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005.
  27. ↑ Nkrumah, Kwame (2002). Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah (Africa's 100 best books ed.). London: Panaf. ISBN 0-901787-60-4. OCLC 6567302.
  28. ↑ Nkrumah, Kwame (1963). Africa must unite. London: Panaf ISBN 0-901787-13-2. OCLC 6567302.
  29. ↑ Mead, Margeret (1963). Technique & personality. Museum of Primitive Art. OCLC 603547274.
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