Programmation XML/XSLT

Programmation XML

• Introduction
• Structure d'un document XML
• Espace de nom
• Définition de Type Document
• Interprétation du XML
  • SAX
  • DOM
• XPath

Applications fondamentales

• XSLT
• XML Schema
• XLink
• XPointer
• XForms
• XQuery

 

Applications finales

• WML
• XSL-FO
• SOAP
• XML Signature
• SMIL
• SVG
• MusicXML
• SyncML
• MathML
• VoiceXML
• X3D
• XMI
• XUL

 

Syntaxe de base

XSLT signifie Extended Stylesheet Language Transformations. Il s'agit d'un langage qui permet de transformer un document XML en un autre format en s'appuyant sur XPath. On peut par exemple créer une page HTML, un fichier PDF ou autre à partir d'un fichier XML.

Le langage XSLT se base sur la notion de règles de transformation. Pour chaque balise XML, on définit comment son contenu doit apparaître dans le document produit. Ces règles sont dans des balises <xsl: et on les enregistre dans des documents .xsl.

 Les exemples ci-dessous sont vérifiables avec l'outil http://www.w3schools.com/xsl/tryxslt.asp?xmlfile=cdcatalog&xsltfile=cdcatalog

Attributs

Attributs	Note
match	désigne le nœud auquel s'applique le code.
select	ce qu'il faut trier dans le résultat.
order	classe les résultats (ascending ou descending)
case-order	classe les résultats en distinguant les lettres capitales (upper-first ou lower-first)
data-types	convertit le type des données (ex : string, number, boolean)

Exemple

<?xml version="1.0" ?> <persons> <person username="JS1"> <name>John</name> <family-name>Smith</family-name> </person> <person username="MI1"> <name>Morka</name> <family-name>Ismincius</family-name> </person> </persons>	+	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes"/> <xsl:template match="/persons"> <root> <xsl:apply-templates select="person"/> </root> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="person"> <name username="{@username}"> <xsl:value-of select="name" /> </name> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
=
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <root> <name username="JS1">John</name> <name username="MI1">Morka</name> </root>

PHP

Depuis PHP5 l'extension est déjà inclue dans le fichier PHP.ini :

extension=php_xsl.dll

Il n'y a donc rien a installer pour charger les deux fichiers publiés ci-dessus :

<?php
$XML = new DOMDocument();
$XML->load('note.xml');

$XSL = new DOMDocument();
$XSL->load('note.xsl', LIBXML_NOCDATA);

$xslt = new XSLTProcessor();
$xslt->importStylesheet($XSL);

print $xslt->transformToXML($XML);
?>

Syntaxe avancée

Éléments

Éléments XSL	Description	Catégorie
apply-imports	Applies a template rule from an imported stylesheet	instruction
apply-templates	Applies a template rule to the current element or to the current element's child nodes	instruction
attribute	Adds an attribute	instruction
attribute-set	Defines a named set of attributes	top-level-element
call-template	Calls a named template	instruction
choose	Used in conjunction with <when> and <otherwise> to express multiple conditional tests	instruction
comment	Creates a comment node in the result tree	instruction
copy	Creates a copy of the current node (without child nodes and attributes)	instruction
copy-of	Creates a copy of the current node (with child nodes and attributes)	instruction
decimal-format	Defines the characters and symbols to be used when converting numbers into strings, with the format-number() function	top-level-element
element	Creates an element node in the output document	instruction
fallback	Specifies an alternate code to run if  the processor does not support an XSLT element	instruction
for-each	Loops through each node in a specified node set	instruction
if	Contains a template that will be applied only if a specified condition is true	instruction
import	Imports the contents of one stylesheet into another. Note: An imported stylesheet has lower precedence than the importing stylesheet	top-level-element
include	Includes the contents of one stylesheet into another. Note: An included stylesheet has the same precedence as the including stylesheet	top-level-element
key	Declares a named key that can be used in the stylesheet with the key() function	top-level-element
message	Writes a message to the output (used to report errors)	instruction
namespace-alias	Replaces a namespace in the stylesheet to a different namespace in the output	top-level-element
number	Determines the integer position of the current node and formats a number	instruction
otherwise	Specifies a default action for the <choose> element	instruction
output	Defines the format of the output document	top-level-element
param	Declares a local or global parameter	top-level-element
preserve-space	Defines the elements for which white space should be preserved	top-level-element
processing-instruction	Writes a processing instruction to the output	instruction
sort	Sorts the output	instruction
strip-space	Defines the elements for which white space should be removed	top-level-element
stylesheet	Defines the root element of a stylesheet	top-level-element
template	Rules to apply when a specified node is matched	top-level-element
text	Writes literal text to the output	instruction
transform	Defines the root element of a stylesheet	top-level-element
value-of	Extracts the value of a selected node	instruction
variable	Declares a local or global variable	top-level-element or instruction
when	Specifies an action for the <choose> element	instruction
with-param	Defines the value of a parameter to be passed into a template	instruction

Fonctions

Nom	Description
current()	Returns the current node
document()	Used to access the nodes in an external XML document
element-available()	Tests whether the element specified is supported by the XSLT processor
format-number()	Converts a number into a string
function-available()	Tests whether the element specified is supported by the XSLT processor
generate-id()	Returns a string value that uniquely identifies a specified node
key()	Returns a node-set using the index specified by an <xsl:key> element
system-property	Returns the value of the system properties
unparsed-entity-uri()	Returns the URI of an unparsed entity

Fonctions héritées de XPath

Nom	Description	Syntaxe
count()	Returns the number of nodes in a node-set	number=count(node-set)
id()	Selects elements by their unique ID	node-set=id(value)
last()	Returns the position number of the last node in the processed node list	number=last()
local-name()	Returns the local part of a node. A node usually consists of a prefix, a colon, followed by the local name	string=local-name(node)
name()	Returns the name of a node	string=name(node)
namespace-uri()	Returns the namespace URI of a specified node	uri=namespace-uri(node)
position()	Returns the position in the node list of the node that is currently being processed	number=position()

Fonctions chaines

Nom	Description	Exemple
Concat()	Returns the concatenation of all its arguments	string=concat(val1, val2, ..) Example: concat('The',' ','XML') Result: 'The XML'
contains()	Returns true if the second string is contained within the first string, otherwise it returns false	bool=contains(val,substr) Example: contains('XML','X') Result: true
normalize-space()	Removes leading and trailing spaces from a string	string=normalize-space(string) Example: normalize-space(' The   XML ') Result: 'The XML'
starts-with()	Returns true if the first string starts with the second string, otherwise it returns false	bool=starts-with(string,substr) Example: starts-with('XML','X') Result: true
string()	Converts the value argument to a string	string(value) Example: string(314) Result: '314'
string-length()	Returns the number of characters in a string	number=string-length(string) Example: string-length('Beatles') Result: 7
substring()	Returns a part of the string in the string argument	string=substring(string,start,length) Example: substring('Beatles',1,4) Result: 'Beat'
substring-after()	Returns the part of the string in the string argument that occurs after the substring in the substr argument	string=substring-after(string,substr) Example: substring-after('12/10','/') Result: '10'
substring-before()	Returns the part of the string in the string argument that occurs before the substring in the substr argument	string=substring-before(string,substr) Example: substring-before('12/10','/') Result: '12'
translate()	Takes the value argument and replaces all occurrences of string1 with string2 and returns the modified string	string=translate(value,string1,string2) Example: translate('12:30',':','!') Result: '12!30'

Fonctions nombres

Nom	Description	Exemple
ceiling()	Returns the smallest integer that is not less than the number argument	number=ceiling(number) Example: ceiling(3.14) Result: 4
floor()	Returns the largest integer that is not greater than the number argument	number=floor(number) Example: floor(3.14) Result: 3
number()	Converts the value argument to a number	number=number(value) Example: number('100') Result: 100
round()	Rounds the number argument to the nearest integer	integer=round(number) Example: round(3.14) Result: 3
sum()	Returns the total value of a set of numeric values in a node-set	number=sum(nodeset) Example: sum(/cd/price)

Fonctions booléennes

Nom	Description	Exemple
boolean()	Converts the value argument to Boolean and returns true or false	bool=boolean(value)
false()	Returns false	false() Example: number(false()) Result: 0
lang()	Returns true if the language argument matches the language of the xsl:lang element, otherwise it returns false	bool=lang(language)
not()	Returns true if the condition argument is false, and false if the condition argument is true	bool=not(condition) Example: not(false())
true()	Returns true	true() Example: number(true()) Result: 1

Voir aussi

• CSS