0% ont trouvé ce document utile (0 vote)
26 vues28 pages

Asp 3020

Transféré par

bpyb78rp8f
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Nous prenons très au sérieux les droits relatifs au contenu. Si vous pensez qu’il s’agit de votre contenu, signalez une atteinte au droit d’auteur ici.
Formats disponibles
Téléchargez aux formats PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
0% ont trouvé ce document utile (0 vote)
26 vues28 pages

Asp 3020

Transféré par

bpyb78rp8f
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Nous prenons très au sérieux les droits relatifs au contenu. Si vous pensez qu’il s’agit de votre contenu, signalez une atteinte au droit d’auteur ici.
Formats disponibles
Téléchargez aux formats PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
Vous êtes sur la page 1/ 28

ASp

La revue du GERAS
15-18 | 1997
Anglais et français de spécialité

Stylistique et discours scientifique


Gilles Mathis

Édition électronique
URL : https://journals.openedition.org/asp/3020
DOI : 10.4000/asp.3020
ISSN : 2108-6354

Éditeur
Groupe d'étude et de recherche en anglais de spécialité

Édition imprimée
Date de publication : 1 décembre 1997
Pagination : 157-183
ISSN : 1246-8185

Référence électronique
Gilles Mathis, « Stylistique et discours scientifique », ASp [En ligne], 15-18 | 1997, mis en ligne le 25 mai
2012, consulté le 24 avril 2024. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/asp/3020 ; DOI : https://doi.org/
10.4000/asp.3020

Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 24 avril 2024.

Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers
annexes importés) sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire.
Stylistique et discours scientifique 1

6W\OLVWLTXHHWGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXH
Gilles Mathis

b
Introduction
1 /HOLWW«UDLUHTXHMHVXLVHWTXLVHSRVHGHSXLVSUªVGHWUHQWHDQVODTXHVWLRQGHVDYRLU
mb4XHOGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHSRXUODVW\OLVWLTXHb"b}Q DXUDLWMDPDLVVRXS©RQQ«TX LOOXL
IDXGUDLWXQMRXUUHQYHUVHUFHWWHTXHVWLRQHWV LQWHUURJHUVXUmb4XHOOHVW\OLVWLTXHSRXUOH
GLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHb"b}-HFRPPHQFHUDLGRQFSDUUHPHUFLHU0LFKHO3HWLWSRXUFHWWH
LQLWLDWLYH  RULJLQDOH  TXL  QRXV  UDSSHOOH  IRUW  RSSRUWXQ«PHQW  TXH  SDUPL  OHV  SUDWLTXHV
GLVFXUVLYHVODOLWW«UDWXUHQHSHXWFRQILVTXHUODVW\OLVWLTXHHWM HQFKD°QHUDLSDUXQDYHXb
MHFUDLQVHQHIIHWTXHPRQLQWHUYHQWLRQQHIU¶OHO LPSRVWXUHFDUMHSU«WHQGVSDUOHUG XQ
GRPDLQH OHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXH TXHMHQHPD°WULVHSDVHWG XQHSUREO«PDWLTXHGRQW
M LJQRUHWRXWRXSUHVTXHD\DQWWURSORQJWHPSVVDQVGRXWH«FRXW«G DXWUHVVLUªQHVHWOH
WHPSVP D\DQWPDQTX«SRXUOHPLQLPXPGHUHF\FODJHTXHVXSSRVDLWO HQWUHSULVH-H
SDUOHUDL  GRQF  VRXV  OH  WULSOH  FRQWU¶OH  GHV  OLQJXLVWHV  GHV  VS«FLDOLVWHV  GH  O DQJODLV  GH
VS«FLDOLW«HWELHQV½UGHVVFLHQWLILTXHVGHFHWWHDVVHPEO«H&HWWHFUDLQWHVHGRXEOHSDU
DLOOHXUVG XQHFHUWDLQHJ¬QHGDQVODPHVXUHR»PRQSURSRVHVWSODF«VRXVOHVLJQHG XQ
DXWUHSDUDGR[H8QHFHUWDLQH«WKLTXHRXXQFHUWDLQVHQVGHO HVWK«WLTXH GXdécorum
GLVDLHQW  OHV  $QFLHQV  YRXGUDLW  HQ  HIIHW  TXH  PRQ  SURSRV  VH  UDSSURFK¤W  DXWDQW  TXH
SRVVLEOHGHVRQREMHWG DSSOLFDWLRQHWVHI°WDXVVLmbVFLHQWLILTXHb}TXHSRVVLEOH2UOD
VW\OLVWLTXHQ HVWSDVXQHVFLHQFHPDLVXQHSUDWLTXHRXSOXW¶WXQHQVHPEOHGHSUDWLTXHV
LUU«P«GLDEOHPHQW  PDUTX«  ¢  GHV  GHJU«V  GLYHUV  HW  VLQJXOLªUHPHQW  HQ  mbVW\OLVWLTXH
OLWW«UDLUHb}SDUXQVXEMHFWLYLVPHTX LOHVWVRLWGLWHQSDVVDQWSU«I«UDEOHG DVVXPHU
SOXW¶WTXHGHWHQWHUGHQLHU7RXWHIRLVGDQVODPHVXUHR»ODVW\OLVWLTXHELHQFRPSULVH
WHQWHG LPSRUWHUGDQVVRQGRPDLQHOHVRXFLGHO REVHUYDWLRQPLQXWLHXVHO HVSULWGH
ULJXHXUODFRQFLVLRQHWODSU«FLVLRQGXODQJDJHTXLPDUTXHQWHQWUHDXWUHVTXDOLW«VOH
GLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHHOOHUHVWHVLQRQXQHmbVFLHQFHb}GXPRLQVXQHGLVFLSOLQHGDQV
WRXVOHVVHQVGXWHUPH‚FHWLWUHHOOHDSHXW¬WUHGURLWGHFLW« G ¬WUHFLW«H GDQVOH
GRPDLQHTXLQRXVRFFXSHDXMRXUG KXL

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 2

2 $SUªVTXHOTXHVU«IOH[LRQVSU«OLPLQDLUHVVXUO LQWLWXO«GX&ROORTXHVXLYLHVG XQUDSSHO


VFK«PDWLTXH  GH  OD  VS«FLILFLW«  GX  mbGLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXHb}  HW  GHV  SUDWLTXHV
VW\OLVWLFLHQQHVMHWHQWHUDLGHU«SRQGUH¢ODTXHVWLRQSRV«HVDQVWURSG LOOXVLRQVVXU
O RULJLQDOLW« GHV U«SRQVHV (Q DQQH[H ILJXUHUD XQ FRUSXV WUªV UHVWUHLQW GH TXHOTXHV
H[HPSOHV  WLU«V  GHV  PDWK«PDWLTXHV  HW  GH  OD  SK\VLTXH  VXLYLV  GH  TXHOTXHV  EUHIV
FRPPHQWDLUHVVW\OLVWLTXHV0RQGLVFRXUVVHUDVXUWRXWJ«Q«UDOSOXVVS«FXODWLISHXW¬WUH
TXHWK«RULTXHHWDXVVLOLPLW«TXHOHFRUSXV
3 /DU«IOH[LRQQ DERUGHUDSDVOHVDVSHFWVKLVWRULTXHVGHODSUREO«PDWLTXHF HVW¢GLUH
O «PHUJHQFHHWO «YROXWLRQGXGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHGHO $QWLTXLW«¢QRVMRXUV5DSSHORQV
VHXOHPHQWTXHODGLVWLQFWLRQGHVGRPDLQHVHWGHVYDUL«W«VGHODQJXHHVWXQHFRQTX¬WH
SURJUHVVLYH HW OD FDUDFW«ULVWLTXH GH OD SHQV«H PRGHUQH 8QH SHQV«H TXL PDOJU« OHV
LQG«QLDEOHV  SURJUªV  DFFRPSOLV  DX  FRXUV  GHV  VLªFOHV  Q HQ  ILQLW  SRXUWDQW  SDV  GH
V LQWHUURJHU  VXU  OH  SUREOªPH  GHV  IURQWLªUHV  HQWUH  OHV  GLVFLSOLQHV  HW  OD  YDOLGLW«  GHV
WK«RULVDWLRQV  2Q  VDLW  TXH  ¢  O RULJLQH  "   SKLORVRSKLH  OLWW«UDWXUH  YRLUH  SR«VLH  HW
VFLHQFHVRQW«WURLWHPHQWOL«HV3ODWRQ«WDLWPDWK«PDWLFLHQHWLODYDLWLQVFULWDXIURQWRQ
GHVRQ$FDG«PLHO DYHUWLVVHPHQWVXLYDQWbmb4XHQXOQ HQWUHLFLV LOQ HVWJ«RPªWUHb}
3RXUWDQWO RQVDLWDXVVLODSDUWTXHMRXHO LPDJLQDLUH HWQRWDPPHQWOHVP\WKHV GDQV
VRQGLVFRXUV' DXWUHSDUWQRPEUHGHWUDLW«VVFLHQWLILTXHV WUDYDX[GHVFKDPSVRX
DXWUHVFDOHQGULHUVGHODYLHSUDWLTXH HWGHWUDLW«VMXULGLTXHV«WDLHQW«FULWVHQYHUVSRXU
GHVUDLVRQVPQ«PRWHFKQLTXHV/DJHQªVHGHODSHQV«HVFLHQWLILTXHHVWO KLVWRLUHGHVD
OLE«UDWLRQ  SURJUHVVLYH  GH  O HPSULVH  GH  O LPDJLQDLUH  VRXV  WRXWHV  VHV  IRUPHVb
VXSHUVWLWLRQVP\WKHVFUR\DQFHV
4 -HQ DERUGHUDLSDVQRQSOXVOHSUREOªPHLPSRUWDQWHWSDVVLRQQDQWGHODWUDGXFWLRQGHV
GLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHVG XQHODQJXH¢O DXWUHGRPDLQHGDQVOHTXHOPHVLJQRUDQFHVVRQW
SHXW¬WUH  HQFRUH  SOXV  DE\VVDOHV  QL  ELHQ  V½U  OH  IRQFWLRQQHPHQW  GX  mbGLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXHb}LQV«U«GDQVXQWH[WHOLWW«UDLUHTXLUHOªYHG XQHDXWUHSUREO«PDWLTXHTXH
FHOOHGHFH&ROORTXHb
b
Les présupposés derrière cette question « Quelle
stylistique pour le discours scientifique ? »
5 /HWLWUHGX&ROORTXHVXJJªUHDXPRLQVGHX[SU«VXSSRV«VbOHSUHPLHUHVWFODLUmbLO\D
SOXVLHXUV  VW\OLVWLTXHVb}  OH  VHFRQG  mbLO  \  D  un GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXHb}  HVW  SOXV
SUREO«PDWLTXHb  WRXW  G«SHQG  GX  VHQV  GRQQ«  ¢  O DUWLFOH  G«ILQL  HW  ¢  O H[SUHVVLRQ  mbOH
GLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHb}
6 -HQHSHQVHSDVTX LO\DLWOLHXGHV DWWDUGHUVXUOHSUHPLHU/HSUREOªPHGHODSOXUDOLW«
GHV  SUDWLTXHV  Q HVW  SDV  SURSUH  ¢  OD  VW\OLVWLTXH  ,O  HVW  DX  FüXU  P¬PH  GH  WRXWHV  OHV
DFWLYLW«VKXPDLQHV&RPPHMHYLHQVGHOHIDLUHO HPSORLGXVLQJXOLHUmbODVW\OLVWLTXHb}
FRPPHODOLQJXLVWLTXHODSKLORVRSKLHODVFLHQFHHWF Q HVWTX XQHFRPPRGLW« XQH
ILJXUHGHVW\OHb" TXLG«VLJQHXQFHUWDLQW\SHG DFWLYLW«RXXQFKDPSG LQYHVWLJDWLRQ
WDQGLVTXHOHSOXULHOUHQYRLH¢ODGLYHUVLW«GHVG«PDUFKHVVHORQO REMHFWLISRXUVXLYLHW
O REMHWG DQDO\VH YRLUinfra /H&ROORTXHSRVHGRQFODTXHVWLRQGHVDYRLUTXHOOHHVWOD
SUDWLTXHVW\OLVWLFLHQQHODPLHX[DGDSW«H¢O «WXGHGXmbGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHb}b"
7 /HVHFRQGSU«VXSSRV«mbLO\DunGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHb}HVWSHXW¬WUHLQQRFHPPHQWHW
IDXVVHPHQW  SURYRFDWHXU  6L  O RQ  FRQVLGªUH  TXH  mbGLVFRXUVb}  HW  mbODQJDJHb}  VRQW  LFL
V\QRQ\PHV  RQ  SHXW  REMHFWHU  TXH  O DXWRQRPLH  GX  GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXH  HQWHQGX  LFL

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 3

FRPPHGLVFRXUVWHQXSDUXQVS«FLDOLVWHGHVVFLHQFHVH[DFWHVRXH[S«ULPHQWDOHVSRUWDQW
VXU  GHV  REMHWV  GH  FRQQDLVVDQFH  UHOHYDQW  GH  VD  GLVFLSOLQH  Q D  MDPDLV  «W«
mbVFLHQWLILTXHPHQWb}  G«PRQWU«H  PDLV  O REMHFWLRQ  YDXW  SRXU  OHV  DXWUHV  GLVFRXUV  SDU
H[HPSOHOLWW«UDLUHRXSR«WLTXHSRXU«YRTXHUO DXWUHS¶OHGHVSURGXFWLRQVODQJDJLªUHV
FDU  OH  G«OLFDW  SUREOªPH  GHV  IURQWLªUHV  HQWUH  OHV  GRPDLQHV  HVW  ORLQ  G ¬WUH  U«VROX
3RXUWDQWFHWWHODFXQHWK«RULTXHQ DMDPDLVHPS¬FK«ODUHFKHUFKHHWODFULWLTXHGHVH
SRXUVXLYUHHWSRXUO LQVWDQWHQO DEVHQFHG XQHY«ULWDEOHW\SRORJLHGHVGLVFRXUVTXL
Q HVWSHXW¬WUHTX XQP\WKHOLQJXLVWHVVW\OLVWLFLHQVHWOLWW«UDLUHVWRXVORJ«V¢ODP¬PH
HQVHLJQHGRLYHQWVHFRQWHQWHUGHODFRQQDLVVDQFHHPSLULTXHɘFHUWHVGHSOXVHQSOXV
DIILQ«HDXFRXUVGHVVLªFOHVɘTX LOVSRVVªGHQWGHVGLII«UHQFHVG XQGRPDLQH¢O DXWUH
'DQVO «FUDVDQWHPDMRULW«GHVFDVODFRPS«WHQFHOLQJXLVWLTXHGHO DXGLWHXUOHFWHXUHWOD
VLWXDWLRQ  G «QRQFLDWLRQ  OXL  SHUPHWWHQW  HQ  HIIHW  GH  VDYRLU  V LO  D  DIIDLUH  ¢  XQ  WH[WH
VFLHQWLILTXH  RX  QRQ  ,O  Q \  D  GRQF  DXFXQ  LQFRQY«QLHQW  ¢  SDUOHU  GH  mbODQJDJH
VFLHQWLILTXHb}FRPPHRQSDUOHGHmbODQJDJHSR«WLTXHb}«WDQWELHQHQWHQGXTXHGDQVOHV
GHX[FDVOHPRWmbODQJDJHb}FRPPHmbODQJXHb}HVWXQHDEVWUDFWLRQTXLUHFRXYUHXQH
JUDQGHGLYHUVLW«GHSURGXFWLRQVGLVFXUVLYHVTXLRQWFHSHQGDQWTXHOTXHVWUDLWV TXDOLW«V
RXSURSUL«W«V HQFRPPXQXQmbDLUGHIDPLOOHb}VLO RQYHXWTXLSHUPHWWHQWGHOHV
FODVVHUGDQVXQHP¬PHYDUL«W«GHODQJXH YRLUinfra 
8 &HOD  GLW  WRXWHV  OHV  ODQJXHV  GH  VS«FLDOLW«  QH  SHXYHQW  ¬WUH  PLVHV  VXU  OH  P¬PH  UDQJ
&HUWDLQHVV «FDUWHQWSOXVTXHG DXWUHVGXODQJDJHFRXUDQWQRWDPPHQWDXSODQOH[LFDO
4XL  VRQJHUDLW  ¢  QLHU  TXH  OD  PDWK«PDWLTXH  RX  OHV  PDWK«PDWLTXHV   P¬PH  VL  HOOH
HPSUXQWHXQHSDUWLHGHVRQOH[LTXH¢ODODQJXHFRXUDQWHFRQVWLWXHXQODQJDJHRULJLQDO
IRUWHPHQW WHFKQLTXH HW VS«FLDOLV« SDUIRLV LQFRPSU«KHQVLEOH SRXU OH SURIDQH HW SDV
VHXOHPHQWHQUDLVRQGHVRQKDXWGHJU«G DEVWUDFWLRQb"‚WHOSRLQWTXHO HQVHLJQHPHQW
GHVPDWK«PDWLTXHVSDVVHG DERUGSDUO DSSUHQWLVVDJHG XQFHUWDLQODQJDJHFRPPHRQ
O RXEOLHWURSVRXYHQWbODSUHPLªUHW¤FKH¢ODTXHOOHHVWFRQIURQW«O «FROLHUGªVVRQSOXV
MHXQH¤JHHVWVDQVGRXWHPRLQVODPD°WULVHGXFDOFXO DXVHQVODUJHGXWHUPH TXHOH
G«FRGDJHGHO «QRQF«PDWK«PDWLTXHHWOHPDQLHPHQWG XQLGLRPH
9 7RXWHIRLV GDQV QRWUH VRFL«W« GDQV QRWUH PRQGH GHYUDLVMH GLUH HQ SOHLQH PXWDWLRQ
GHSXLV  O H[SORVLRQ  GH  OD  UHFKHUFKH  VFLHQWLILTXH  DYHF  OD  FRQTX¬WH  GH  O DWRPH  HW  GH
O HVSDFHHWOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHO LQIRUPDWLTXHVDQVSDUOHUGHODPRQGLDOLVDWLRQGH
O «FRQRPLHHWGHODSROLWLTXHOHVUDSSRUWVHQWUHODQJXHFRPPXQHRXmbVWDQGDUGb}HW
ODQJXHVGHVS«FLDOLW«VRQWFKDQJ«/ «FDUW¢ODIRLVVHFRPEOHHWVHFUHXVH,OVHFUHXVH
SDUFH  TXH  OH  OH[LTXH  VS«FLDOLV«  QH  FHVVH  GH  V HQULFKLU  GH  PRWV  QRXYHDX[  ¢  FKDTXH
G«FRXYHUWH  HW  TX LO  HVW  GLIILFLOH  GH  VXLYUH  OHV  SURJUªV  IXOJXUDQWV  GH  OD  VFLHQFH  GDQV
FHUWDLQVVHFWHXUVGHSRLQWHbLOVHFRPEOHSDUFHTXHO LQW«JUDWLRQGHFHVQ«RORJLVPHV
VFLHQWLILTXHVGDQVODODQJXHFRXUDQWHHVWGHSOXVHQbUDSLGHHQUDLVRQGHVLPPHQVHV
SURJUªV HQ PDWLªUH GH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ U«DOLV«V GHSXLV OH G«YHORSSHPHQW GHV PHGLD
QRWDPPHQWGHODW«O«YLVLRQHWSOXVU«FHPPHQWGHO LQIRUPDWLTXHTXLRXYUHGDQVOH
GRPDLQHGHO DFTXLVLWLRQGHVFRQQDLVVDQFHVGHVSHUVSHFWLYHVYHUWLJLQHXVHV(QUDLVRQ
DXVVL  GH  FH  TXH  O RQ  SRXUUDLW  DSSHOHU  OD  GRPHVWLFDWLRQ  GH  OD  VFLHQFH  F HVW¢GLUH  OD
PXOWLSOLFDWLRQGHVDSSOLFDWLRQVSUDWLTXHVGHVG«FRXYHUWHVGDQVODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHOD
FXLVLQHGHYLHQWXQPLQLODERUDWRLUHHWODFKDPEUHRXOHEXUHDXXQFHQWUHPXOWLP«GLD
R»  WU¶QH  O RUGLQDWHXU  FHWWH  QRXYHOOH  LGROH  GHV  MHXQHVɣ  GH  WRXV  ¤JHV  /H  VXFFªV  GH
TXDQWLW«V  GH  UHYXHV  LQIRUPDWLTXHV  VS«FLDOHPHQW  FRQ©XHV  SRXU  OHV  mbQXOVb} HW  TXL
HQYDKLVVHQW  OHV  FRQVROHV  GHV  JUDQGV  FHQWUHV  GH  GLVWULEXWLRQ  PRQWUH  DVVH]  TXH  OH
UHF\FODJH  mbVFLHQWLILTXHb}  GH  O KRPPH  PR\HQ  HVW  XQH  Q«FHVVLW«  YLWDOHb  O KRPPH  GX
WURLVLªPHPLOO«QDLUHVHUDXQVDYDQWRXQHVHUDULHQ$XVVLODODQJXHGHWRXVOHVMRXUVVH

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 4

WUDQVIRUPHWHOOH  VRXV  OD  SUHVVLRQ  FKDTXH  MRXU  SOXV  IRUWH  GH  FHUWDLQHV  ODQJXHV  GH


VS«FLDOLW«HWVRQOH[LTXHGHYLHQWGHSOXVHQSOXVVFLHQWLILTXHGDQVVRQFRQWHQXFRPPH
GDQVVDIRUPHb¢F¶W«GHVmbWHFKQLFLVPHVb}OHVDQJOLFLVPHVIOHXULVVHQWGDQVODODQJXH
IUDQ©DLVHSDUFHTXHQ HVWFHSDVRQ OHVUHVSRQVDEOHVGHVPHGLD Q DSOXVOHWHPSVGH
WUDGXLUH  OH  WHPSV  F HVW  GH  O DUJHQW  WDQGLV  TXH  VH  PXOWLSOLHQW  OHV  VLJOHV  DQDORJXHV
OLQJXLVWLTXHVGHVV\PEROHVPDWK«PDWLTXHV VLELHQTXHODOHFWXUHGHYLHQWSDUIRLVXQ
Y«ULWDEOHMHXGHSLVWHVRXXQSDUFRXUVG LQLWL«%UHIODODQJXHmbFRPPXQHb}OHGHYLHQW
GHPRLQVHQPRLQVHWVLO «GXFDWLRQ ODPDVVH QHVXLWSDVOHVFRQV«TXHQFHV¢SOXVRX
PRLQVORQJWHUPHVXUOHSODQVRFLRORJLTXH \FRPSULVOHVUHODWLRQVSDUHQWVHQIDQWV
ULVTXHQWG ¬WUHFDWDVWURSKLTXHV0DLVFHFLHVWXQHDXWUHKLVWRLUH
b
De la stylistique et de ses pratiques
10 1./DVW\OLVWLTXH HVWDXFDUUHIRXUGHQRPEUHXVHVGLVFLSOLQHVFRPPHODOLQJXLVWLTXHOD
SKLORORJLH  OD  SV\FKRORJLH  OD  VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH  O KLVWRLUH  GHV  PHQWDOLW«V  OD  FULWLTXH
OLWW«UDLUH  O HVWK«WLTXH  HW  VRQ  KLVWRLUH  OD  SUDJPDWLTXH  OD  V«PLRWLTXH  QDUUDWLYH
SR«WLTXHRXGUDPDWLTXH PDLVHOOHUHVWHXQHGLVFLSOLQHDXWRQRPHDYHFVHVSURSUHV
REMHFWLIVVDWHUPLQRORJLHVHVSURWRFROHVG DQDO\VHbb
11 2. /D  QRWLRQ  GH  mbVW\OHb}  P¬PH  HQWHQGXH  FRPPH  mbGLII«UHQFHb}  RX  mbPDQLªUH
RULJLQDOHb}RXmbHQVHPEOHG KDELWXGHVGHFRPSRVLWLRQb}UHVWHVLQRQDPELJX­GXPRLQV
DPELYDOHQWH  SDUFH  TXH  SDUDGR[DOH  HW  DSSOLTX«H  ¢  GLII«UHQWV  QLYHDX[  G DQDO\VH  TXL
SHXYHQW RX QRQ VH UHFRXSHUb WH[WH LVRO« JHQUH üXYUH LQGLYLGX JURXSH G DXWHXUV
S«ULRGHKLVWRULTXHQDWLRQWRXWHQWLªUH
12 /HVW\OLVWLFLHQGRLWGRQFVHIDLUHXQHUªJOHDEVROXHGHSU«FLVHUOHVHQVTX LOSU¬WH¢FH
WHUPH  DX  VHXLO  GH  VHV  DQDO\VHV  (Q  FULWLTXH  OLWW«UDLUH  SDU  H[HPSOH  OHV  G«ILQLWLRQV
RVFLOOHQWHQWUHGHX[H[WU¬PHVOHVW\OHU«GXLW¢XQHVLPSOHHPSUHLQWHRXSXUHPHQWHW
VLPSOHPHQW  LGHQWLIL«  DX  WH[WH  WRXW  HQWLHU  FRQVLG«U«  FRPPH  VLQJXOLHU  XQLTXH   HQ
SDVVDQWSDUOHVW\OHFRPPHRUQHPHQW RXDGGLWLRQ FRPPHIRUPH HWVWUDW«JLHGHOD
IRUPH FRPPHVHQV RXYLVLRQGXPRQGH FRPPHFKRL[FRPPHFRQQRWDWLRQHWF
13 3./HVW\OHLQGLYLGXHOHVWSOXVRXPRLQVPDUTX«SOXVRXPRLQVFDFK«$ORUVTX LOGRLWHQ
SULQFLSHIUDSSHUFRPPHXQH«YLGHQFH OHVW\OHH[LVWHSRXU¬WUHSHU©XSDUFHTX LOHVW
SHU©X   LO  «YROXH  VRXYHQW  DX[  IUDQJHV  GX  mbGLUHb}  GDQV  OHV  ]RQHV  LQVWDEOHV  GH  OD
VLJQLILFDWLRQGDQVOHVFRQQRWDWLRQVO LPSOLFLWHOHQRQGLWO LQVDLVLVVDEOH,OIDXWGRQF
VDQVGRXWHSRVWXOHUO H[LVWHQFHGHQLYHDX[GXVW\OHbXQHIDFHPDQLIHVWHDYHFVHVWUDLWV
GHVW\OHELHQPDUTX«VFRPPHGHVELOOHWVGHEDQTXHUHQGDQWSRVVLEOHO LPLWDWLRQPDLV
DXVVLXQHIDFHFDFK«HLQWLPHLQYLRODEOHTXLIDLWTXHODFRQWUHID©RQUHVWHUDWRXMRXUV
XQHFRQWUHID©RQXQHU«XVVLWHSURYLVRLUHFRQGDPQ«H¢O «FKHF8QFOLFK«GXJHQUH GX
VW\OHb bmb,OHOOHQ DSDVFU««GHVW\OHbLOHOOHDYDLWXQWDOHQWLQLPLWDEOHb}U«VXPHELHQ
OHV  SDUDGR[HV  HW  DPELJX±W«V  GX  ODQJDJHb  VHORQ  OHV  SHUVSHFWLYHV  mbVW\OHb}  mbWDOHQWb}
mbJ«QLHb}VHFRQIRQGHQWRXV RSSRVHQW
14 4.6LOHVW\OHGDQVVRQDFFHSWLRQSHXW¬WUHODSOXVU«SDQGXHGHmbPDQLªUHSHUVRQQHOOHb}
GH  mbPDUTXH  LQGLYLGXHOOHb}  HVW  HQ  WK«RULH  OD  GLII«UHQFH  DEVROXH  PDLV  FRPPHQW
O «WDEOLUSXLVTXHODSURGXFWLRQHVWFRQWLQXHHWLQILQLHb" O REVHUYDWLRQPRQWUHTXHOD
QRWLRQGHmbVW\OHb}HVWVRXYHQWUHODWLYHHWSOXULHOOHFDUXQVW\OHLQGLYLGXHO«YROXH%LHQ
VRXYHQWORUVTX RQSDUOHGXmbVW\OHb}G XQDXWHXULOV DJLWGXmbVW\OHGHODPDWXULW«b}

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 5

WHUPHDPELJX RXGHVHVmbPHLOOHXUHVüXYUHVb}FRUSXV«WDEOLSDUFRQVHQVXVWULEXWDLUH
GHYDOHXUVKLVWRULTXHPHQWGDW«HVGHO LG«RORJLHU«JQDQWHHWGHPRGHVHVWK«WLTXHVbb
15 5./HWH[WH TX LOVRLWRUDORX«FULW H[LVWHFRPPHmbREMHWb}G DQDO\VH0¬PHV LOHVWHQ
SDUWLHFRQVWUXLWSDUO DQDO\VHOHWH[WHSRVVªGHVRQYRFDEXODLUHVDV\QWD[HVRQU\WKPH
EUHIXQHIRUPHTXHO RQSHXWG«FULUHHWFHWWHIRUPHSURGXLWGHVHIIHWVTXHO RQSHXW
UHS«UHUHWDQDO\VHU/HVW\OLVWLFLHQQ LJQRUHSDVODSUREO«PDWLTXHGHO REMHWHWGXVXMHW
PDLVFHQ HVWSDVVDSULRULW«6RQDSSURFKHGXWH[WHUHVWHJOREDOHPHQWVWUXFWXUDOLVWHHW
SUDJPDWLTXH
16 6./DVW\OLVWLTXHHVWDYDQWWRXWXQHSUDWLTXH descriptive(OOHFRPPHQFHSDUODFROOHFWH
GHV  IDLWV  mbSHUWLQHQWVb} DX[  GLII«UHQWV  QLYHDX[  GH  O H[SUHVVLRQ  OH[LTXH  V\QWD[H
SKRQRORJLHU\WKPHHWSURVRGLH 3URFKHGHODGHVFULSWLRQOLQJXLVWLTXH¢ODTXHOOHHOOH
HPSUXQWHVRXYHQWWHUPLQRORJLHPRGªOHVHWSURWRFROHVG DQDO\VHHOOHHQGLIIªUHSDUVHV
ILQDOLW«VVHVP«WKRGHVG DQDO\VHWH[WXHOOH«YHQWXHOOHPHQWOHFKRL[GXFRUSXVPDLVLO
IDXWUHFRQQD°WUHTXHFHVGLII«UHQFHVRQWFRPPHQF«¢VHU«GXLUHDYHFO «ODUJLVVHPHQWGH
OD  OLQJXLVWLTXH  DX  GRPDLQH  GX  GLVFRXUV  \  FRPSULV  OLWW«UDLUH  3U«FLVRQV  TXH  OH
VW\OLVWLFLHQQ HVWSDVGXSHGXFDUDFWªUHIDXVVHPHQWVFLHQWLILTXHGXPRWmbGHVFULSWLIb}
TXL  Q HVW  SDV  VL  DLV«PHQW  V«SDUDEOH  GH  mbLQWHUSU«WDWLIb}  VRQ  IUªUH  DSSDUHPPHQW
HQQHPL  (Q  HIIHW  GDQV  OD  PHVXUH  R»  DXFXQH  DQDO\VH  VW\OLVWLTXH  QH  VDXUDLW  ¬WUH
H[KDXVWLYH  HOOH  LPSOLTXH  OH  FKRL[  G XQ  FRUSXV  OHTXHO  LPSOLTXH  G«M¢  XQH
LQWHUSU«WDWLRQ  GRQF  O LQWHUYHQWLRQ  GH  FULWªUHV  SDUWLHOOHPHQW  VXEMHFWLIV  &HOD  GLW  VL
mbLQWHUSU«WDWLIb}VLJQLILHDQDO\VH GHVFULSWLRQb" GXIRQFWLRQQHPHQWGHVIDLWVVW\OLVWLTXHV
HQFRQWH[WHODVW\OLVWLTXHHVWDXVVL«YLGHPPHQWLQWHUSU«WDWLYH4XDQWDXMXJHPHQWGH
YDOHXUHVWK«WLTXHLOQHUHOªYHSDVGHVRQGRPDLQH
17 7./DVW\OLVWLTXH«WXGLHGHVGLII«UHQFHVGHVYDULDWLRQVGHVFRQWUDVWHVPDLVDXVVLGHV
UHGRQGDQFHV OHVTXHOOHVSHXYHQWIRQGHUGHVUXSWXUHV 3DUFRQV«TXHQWOHVQRWLRQVGH
norme H[WHUQHRXLQWHUQH G écartHWGHdéviationVRQWSHUWLQHQWHV4XHOOHVTXHVRLHQW
OHV  REMHFWLRQV  TXH  VRXOªYH  OD  G«ILQLWLRQ  WK«RULTXH  GH  FHV  FRQFHSWV  OH  VW\OLVWLFLHQ
FRQVWDWHFKDTXHMRXUTX LOVVRQWLQFRQWRXUQDEOHVFRPPHOHSURXYHOHP«WDODQJDJHGH
OHXUVSURSUHVG«WUDFWHXUVGªVTX LOVSDVVHQWGHODWK«RULH¢ODSUDWLTXH
18 4X LOV DJLVVHGHGLVFRXUVRUDORX«FULW HWODGLVWLQFWLRQHVWFDSLWDOHHQVW\OLVWLTXH RQ
SHXW  GLVWLQJXHU  GHX[  JUDQGHV  SUDWLTXHV  VW\OLVWLFLHQQHV  VHORQ  O REMHFWLI  YLV«  TX LO
FRQYLHQWGHELHQGLVWLQJXHUDX[TXHOOHVRQSHXWDQQH[HUO DQDO\VHUK«WRULTXH
19 2X ELHQ O RQ G«FLGH GH FHUQHU OHV FRQVWDQWHV G XQH SUDWLTXH ODQJDJLªUH ¢ GLII«UHQWV
QLYHDX[G LQYHVWLJDWLRQ DXWHXUJURXSHG DXWHXUVS«ULRGHJHQUHHWF HWF HVWO étude
de style mbstyle study } TXLUHFHQVHOHVtraits de style mbWUDLWVRIVW\OHb} FRPPHRQGLW
mbWUDLWVGHFDUDFWªUHb},OV DJLWG XQHVW\OLVWLTXHGHFDUDFW«ULVDWLRQ VLJQDO«WLTXH ¢OD
UHFKHUFKH GH WUDLWV GLVWLQFWLIV G XQH GLII«UHQFH HW VD G«PDUFKH HVW HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW
FRPSDUDWLYH
20 2XELHQRQFKHUFKH¢UHQGUHFRPSWHGXIRQFWLRQQHPHQWG XQWH[WHLVRO«¢PRQWUHUHQ
TXRLLOHVWHIILFDFH VXUOHOHFWHXU HWFRPPHQWOHVSURF«G«VOLQJXLVWLTXHVSDUWLFLSHQW¢OD
SURGXFWLRQGXVHQVHWF HVWO analyse stylistique mbVW\OLVWLFDQDO\VLVb} TXLUHFHQVHOHV
faits stylistiques mbVW\OLVWLFGHYLFHVb} ,OV DJLWG XQHVW\OLVWLTXHWH[WXHOOHGRQWOHEXW
Q HVW  SDV  WDQW  GH  G«ILQLU  OD  VS«FLILFLW«  G XQ  REMHW  TXH  G «WXGLHU  XQH  VWUDW«JLH  GH  OD
IRUPHHWGHODU«FHSWLRQGXPHVVDJH
21 &HWWHSUDWLTXHHVWHQUDSSRUWV«WURLWVDYHFO analyse rhétoriqueTX LOV DJLVVHGHOD
UK«WRULTXHUHVWUHLQWH GRPDLQHGHVILJXUHV RXGHODUK«WRULTXHJ«Q«UDOH WHFKQLTXHV

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 6

G DUJXPHQWDWLRQHWGHSHUVXDVLRQ 3RXUWDQWLOQHIDXWSDVFRQIRQGUHOHVGHX[W\SHV
G DQDO\VH  FDU  VL  OH  IDLW  VW\OLVWLTXH  VLPSOH  HVW  VRXYHQW  XQ  IDLW  UK«WRULTXH  LO  G«ERUGH
ODUJHPHQW  OH  FDGUH  GH  FHWWH  GLVFLSOLQH  TX RQ  D  SDUIRLV  DSSHO«H  OD  mbVW\OLVWLTXH  GHV
$QFLHQVb}  2Q  SHXW  GRQF  FRQVHUYHU  O DQDO\VH  UK«WRULTXH  GDQV  OH  GRPDLQH  GH  OD
VW\OLVWLTXH DSUªVWRXWO H[SUHVVLRQDPELJX­LOHVWYUDLGHmbILJXUHVGHVW\OHb}QRXV\
LQYLWH ¢FRQGLWLRQG «YLWHUODFRQIXVLRQWHUPLQRORJLTXHHWGHQHSDVSHUGUHGHYXH
TXHOTXHVGLII«UHQFHV«O«PHQWDLUHV
22 /HVGHX[FRQFHSWVRS«UDWRLUHVSHXYHQWVHUHFRXSHUV LOHVWSURXY«SDUOHVP«WKRGHV
FRPSDUDWLYHV DG«TXDWHV TXH WHO mbIDLW VW\OLVWLTXHb} TXL D G DERUG UHWHQX O DWWHQWLRQ
SRXUVHVHIIHWVVHWURXYHGHVXUFUR°W¬WUHRULJLQDORXSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWLQVLVWDQW3DU
DLOOHXUVmbWUDLWGHVW\OHb}HWmbIDLWVW\OLVWLTXHb}SHXYHQW¬WUHVLPSOHVRXFRPSOH[HVGH
QDWXUH  VXEVWDQWLHOOH  XQ  SURF«G«  FRQFUHW  UHS«UDEOH  ¢  OD  VXUIDFH  GX  WH[WH  RX
UHODWLRQQHOOH XQSURF«G«SOXVFRPSOH[HSOXVDEVWUDLWGHVWUXFWXUDWLRQTXLVXSSRVHOD
PLVH  HQ  UHODWLRQ  GH  SOXVLHXUV  IDLWV  OLQJXLVWLTXHV  RX  WH[WXHOV  >0DWKLV  @  'DQV  OD
SUDWLTXHODFDUDFW«ULVDWLRQGHVWUDLWVGHVW\OHVXSSRVHO «WDEOLVVHPHQWSU«DODEOHGHV
IDLWVVW\OLVWLTXHV/ DQDO\VHVW\OLVWLTXHSU«FªGHGRQFO «WXGHGHVW\OH
23 0DLVUHYHQRQVDX[mbWUDLWVGHVW\OHb}HQDMRXWDQWXQHSU«FLVLRQ/HUHFHQVHPHQWGHV
KDELWXGHVGHFRPSRVLWLRQG XQDXWHXUQHVXIILWSDV¢IRQGHUO RULJLQDOLW«G XQVW\OHFDU
MHO DLGLWFHVW\OHSHXW¬WUHSOXVRXPRLQVLPLWDWLIRXRULJLQDO6DFDUDFW«ULVDWLRQSHXW
SHUPHWWUHGHVLWXHUXQDXWHXUGDQVXQJHQUHGDQVXQHS«ULRGHGDQVXQH«FROH7HO
SRªWHVHUDG«FODU«O\ULTXHHWEDURTXHSDUH[HPSOHHWF HVWXQHSUHPLªUHID©RQGH
G«ILQLU  VRQ  VW\OH  0DLV  ELHQ  V½U  SOXV  VWLPXODQWH  HW  DXVVL  SOXV  DPELWLHXVH  HVW  OD
UHFKHUFKHGHFHTXLIDLWYUDLPHQWVRQRULJLQDOLW«DXVHLQGHFHWHQVHPEOHF HVW¢GLUHOH
UHS«UDJHGHWUDLWVGHVW\OHYUDLPHQWSHUVRQQHOV/ HQWUHSULVHHVWG«OLFDWHHWVRXYHQW
KDVDUGHXVHFDU¢FHQLYHDXGHVIDFWHXUVKLVWRULTXHVELRJUDSKLTXHVLG«RORJLTXHVHW
SV\FKRORJLTXHV  HQWUHQW  HQ  MHX  TXL  UHQGHQW  GLIILFLOH  WRXWH  IRUPDOLVDWLRQ  G XQ
SK«QRPªQHTXLQHSHXWVHU«GXLUH¢GHVLPSOHVSURF«G«VOLQJXLVWLTXHVVLELHQTXHOD
F«OªEUHH[SUHVVLRQmbFHMHQHVDLVTXRLb}TXLG«ILQLVVDLWMDGLVOHVW\OHDHQFRUHGHEHDX[
MRXUV  GHYDQW  HOOH  P¬PH  VL  OHV  SURJUªV  FRQVWDQWV  GH  OD  UHFKHUFKH  HQ  OD  PDWLªUH
DXWRULVHQWTXHOTXHVHVSRLUV4XRLTX LOHQVRLWFHVWUDLWVGHVW\OHVRQWHQJ«Q«UDOHQ
QRPEUH  OLPLW«  SDUIRLV  P¬PH  U«GXLWV  ¢  O XQLW«  OD  SKUDVH  ORQJXH  GH  3URXVW  OHV
LPSDUIDLWVGH)ODXEHUWODOLWRWHFODVVLTXHRXKlassische DämpfungVLELHQDQDO\V«HSDU
/HR  6SLW]HU  HWF   3RXU  XQ  LQGLYLGX  LOV  GRLYHQW  HQ  SULQFLSH  VH  UHWURXYHU  GDQV  OD
GLYHUVLW«GHVHVSURGXFWLRQVDYHFFHWWHU«VHUYHTXHOHVW\OHSHXW«YROXHUFRPPHGLW
SOXV  KDXW  3RXU  XQ  JHQUH  OLWW«UDLUH  GRQQ«  OHV  WUDLWV  GH  VW\OH  FRUUHVSRQGHQW  DX[
FRQYHQWLRQVGHJHQUH genre markers TXLSHUPHWWHQWGHOHGLVWLQJXHUGHVDXWUHVJHQUHV
SDUH[HPSOHOHGLVFRXUV«SLTXHGXGLVFRXUVO\ULTXH
b
Du discours scientifique : « penser c'est peser » (Lord
Kelvin)
24 /ɛH[SUHVVLRQmbGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHb}RQO DGLWIDLWSUREOªPHPDLVOHVXEVWDQWLIQ HVW
SDV  VHXO  HQ  FDXVH  ‚  SDUWLU  GH  TXHOOH  OLPLWH  IURQWLªUH  SDVVHWRQ  GX  GLVFRXUV  non
scientifiqueDXGLVFRXUV scientifiqueOHTXHOQHSHXWVHG«ILQLUH[FOXVLYHPHQWQLSDUVRQ
FRQWHQX  REMHW  Y«ULW«   QL  SDU  VD  IRUPH  QL  SDU  VRQ  LQWHQWLRQ  QL  SDU  VRQ  PRGH  GH
GLIIXVLRQ  PDLV  SDU  WRXV  FHV  «O«PHQWV  ¢  OD  IRLV  VHORQ  XQ  GRVDJH  GLIILFLOH  ¢  «WDEOLU
mbVFLHQWLILTXHPHQWb}b"b

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 7

25 3UHQRQVPDLQWHQDQWOHULVTXHGHUDSSHOHUTXHOTXHVmb«YLGHQFHVb}HQHVS«UDQWQHSDV
GLUH  WURS  GH  VRWWLVHV  HQ  LPDJLQDQW  un discours scientifique « idéal » GRQW  OHV
PDWK«PDWLTXHVVHUDLHQWOHPRGªOHOHSOXVDSSURFKDQWFRPPHOHVXJJªUHO «W\PRORJLH
mathêma VFLHQFH HWHQQRXVLQVSLUDQWSDUWLHOOHPHQWGHVU«IOH[LRQVGH%DOO\VXUOH
FRPSRUWHPHQWKXPDLQIDLWVHORQOHPD°WUHGHODVW\OLVWLTXHDIIHFWLYHHWH[SUHVVLYHGHOD
ODQJXH HWQRQGXGLVFRXUVOLWW«UDLUH GHSHUFHSWLRQ QRXVFRPSUHQRQV HWG «PRWLRQ
QRXVVHQWRQV FRUUHVSRQGDQWDX[GHX[S¶OHVLQWHOOHFWXHOHWDIIHFWLIHQWUHOHVTXHOVOD
SHQV«HVDQVFHVVHRVFLOOH
26 1./HGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHHVWDYDQWWRXWXQGLVFRXUVmbV«ULHX[b}DXVHQVTXHOHWHUPH
SUHQGGDQVODWK«RULHGHVmbDFWHVGHSDUROHVb} $XVWLQ6HDUOH HWVWDEOH/HOXGLTXHTXL
WLHQWXQHSODFHLPSRUWDQWHHQOLWW«UDWXUHFRPPHGDQVODODQJXHFRXUDQWHHVWEDQQL/H
PLP«WLTXH  DXVVL  FDU  OH  WH[WH  VFLHQWLILTXH  HQ  GHKRUV  «YLGHPPHQW  GH  VHV  DVSHFWV
JUDSKLTXHVQHYLVHMDPDLV¢LPLWHUVRQREMHW¢WUDYHUVVDIRUPHJ«Q«UDOHHWVRQODQJDJH
SDVGHFDOOLJUDPPHVG RQRPDWRS«HVGHV\PEROLVPHVRQRUHG HIIHWVGHU\WKPHVHWF 
27 2.,OHVWSDUG«ILQLWLRQJ«Q«UDOLVDEOHHWXQLYHUVHO LOQ \DGHVFLHQFHTXHGXJ«Q«UDO 
28 3.,OQHFRQVWUXLWSDVXQODQJDJH FRPPHILQHQVRLGXPRLQV PDLVXQVDYRLUIRQG«VXU
OHSULQFLSHGHFDXVDOLW«TXLFKHUFKH¢G«ILQLUOHVORLVXQLYHUVHOOHVbOHWH[WHOLWW«UDLUHHVW
VXUWRXWHQTX¬WHG XQODQJDJHTXLHVWVDSURSUHY«ULW«
29 4.,ODSSDUWLHQW¢ODFDW«JRULHGHVWH[WHVORJLTXHVKDXWHPHQWIRUPDOLV«V\PEROLTXHHW
DUWLILFLHO  & HVW  G DLOOHXUV  SDUFH  TX LO  HVW  VWULFWHPHQW  ULJLGHPHQW  P«FDQLTXHPHQW
FRGLIL«TX LOVHSU¬WHVLELHQ¢ODSDURGLH,OVXIILWGHUHOLUHOHF«OªEUHSDVWLFKHGH*3HUHF
Cantatrix SopranicaYRLU$QQH[HbSRXUTXHOTXHVH[WUDLWV SRXUV HQFRQYDLQFUHHQ
QRWDQW  TX LO  QRXV  HQ  DSSUHQG  EHDXFRXS  VXU  OD  QDWXUH  GX  GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXH  LFL
VFLHQFHGHO REVHUYDWLRQ PDLVDXVVLVXUOHODQJDJHOLWW«UDLUHVXUWRXWGDQVOHVSDVVDJHV
OHVSOXVIDF«WLHX[R»OHVHIIHWVVRQWJURVVLVMXVTX DXJURWHVTXH$LQVLODG«PDUFKHVXLYLH
SRXUODmbG«PRQVWUDWLRQb}SDURGLTXHHVWH[HPSODLUHbU«IXWDWLRQGHWKªVHVDQW«ULHXUHV
HW  QRXYHOOH  K\SRWKªVH  SU«VHQWDWLRQ  HW  FRQGXLWH  GH  O H[S«ULHQFH  PDW«ULHO  FRED\HV
VWLPXOLP«WKRGHHQUHJLVWUHPHQWU«VXOWDWV FRPPHQWDLUH&RPPHHVWH[HPSODLUHVDQV
SDUOHUGXFKRL[GHO DQJODLVODQJXHXQLYHUVHOOH GRQFLGLRPHSULYLO«JL«SRXUODVFLHQFH 
OD  IRUPH  K«W«URJªQH  GX  GLVFRXUV  P¬ODQW  OH  OLQJXLVWLTXH  HQFRPEU«  GHV  LQ«YLWDEOHV
SDUHQWKªVHVELRJUDSKLTXHVGDWHV¢O DSSXLFRPPHGDQV-HDQ3DJH 'HVPH\HXUV
HWOHJUDSKLTXHVRXVWRXWHVVHVIRUPHV WDEOHDXILJXUHVGLDJUDPPHVVFK«PDVɣ b
30 5. 6RQ  ODQJDJH  HVW  UDWLRQQHO  LQWHOOHFWXHO   G«QRWDWLI  H[SOLFLWH  SDV  GH  QRQGLW  QL
G LPSOLFLWH XQLYRTXH SDVGHSRO\V«PLHQLGHSRO\SKRQLH WUDQVSDUHQW ELHQTXHOH
YRFDEXODLUHVRLWVRXYHQWRSDTXHSRXUOHSURIDQH OLEUHGHWRXWHLQWHUI«UHQFHOH[LFDOH
GLDWRSLTXH  GLDFKURQLTXH  GLDVWUDWLTXH  GLDSKDVLTXH  GRPLQ«  SDU  OHV  IRQFWLRQV
référentielleHW métalinguistique G«ILQLWLRQSU«FLVHGHVWHUPHVWHFKQLTXHVFKDTXHIRLV
TXHQ«FHVVDLUH /Dfonction poétiqueDXVHQVMDNREVRQLHQGXWHUPH DWWHQWLRQFHQWU«H
VXUODIRUPHGXPHVVDJHHWQRQVXUOHFRQWHQX Q \MRXHDXFXQU¶OHFDUO REMHFWLIGHOD
VFLHQFHHVWODGHVFULSWLRQGXU«HOHWODG«PRQVWUDWLRQGHODY«ULW« REMHFWLYHH[DFWH
FRPPHOHVVFLHQFHVGXP¬PHQRP WDQGLVTXHODOLWW«UDWXUHHVWILFWLRQLPDJLQDWLRQ
«PRWLRQ  ODQJXH  GHV  U¬YHV  HW  GHV  VHQWLPHQWV  SOXW¶W  TXH  ODQJXH  GHV  LG«HV   RSDFLW«
WUDQVSRVLWLRQHWQRQWUDQVFULSWLRQGXU«HOIRUWHPHQWPDUTX«HSDUOHVRXFLHVWK«WLTXH
$XVVL  OD  OLWW«UDWXUH  HVWHOOH  SOXV  VRXYHQW  PHQVRQJH  HW  VRQJH  TXH  Y«ULW«  mbSDV  GH
Y«ULW«GXWH[WHb}GLW%DUWKHV XQmbPHQWLUYUDLb}SHXW¬WUHPDLVFHWWHY«ULW«Q HVWSDV

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 8

REMHFWLYH  Y«ULW«  GHV  «PRWLRQV  ɘ  SHX  LPSRUWH  OD  U«DOLW«  RX  QRQ  GHV  VWLPXOL  ɘ  SDU
RSSRVLWLRQ¢ODY«ULW«GHVIDLWV 
31 6./HVHQVVHFRQVWUXLWSURJUHVVLYHPHQWGHSURSRVLWLRQHQSURSRVLWLRQOHVTXHOOHVVRQW
RUGRQQ«HVVHORQXQHORJLTXHDUJXPHQWDWLYHFXPXODWLYHHW«FRQRPLTXH OHVXSHUIOXOH
UHGRQGDQW  HW  OH  GLJUHVVLI  VRQW  EDQQLV   OD  Y«ULW«  GX  GLVFRXUV  «WDQW  OD  VRPPH  RX  OH
U«VXOWDWGHVY«ULW«VSDUWLHOOHVGHFKDTXHSURSRVLWLRQGRQWDXFXQHQHSHXW¬WUHRPLVH
FDUFKDTXHPDLOORQGHODFKD°QHGXUDLVRQQHPHQWFRPSWH/DG«PDUFKHKHXULVWLTXHHVW
VRLW  G«GXFWLYH  PDWK«PDWLTXHV  VRLW  LQGXFWLYH  VFLHQFHV  H[S«ULPHQWDOHV  RX
G REVHUYDWLRQ GHX[W\SHVGHUDLVRQQHPHQWTX RQRSSRVHKDELWXHOOHPHQWPDLVTXLVH
FRPSOªWHQW/DVFLHQFHHVWOHGRPDLQHGXU«HOTXDQWLILDEOHPHVXUDEOHY«ULILDEOHbOD
OLWW«UDWXUHFHOXLGHODILFWLRQGHO LPSDOSDEOHGHODG«PHVXUHGHO LQTXDOLILDEOHP¬PH
SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWHQSR«VLHR»OHVHQVHVWSDUIRLVLQVDLVLVVDEOHMXVTX DXQRQVHQV6L
O HPSLUHGHVFKLIIUHVQHV HQODLVVHSDVFRQWHUGDQVFHOXLGHVVLJQHVLPDJLQDLUHVF HVWOH
U¬YHTXLFRPSWH
32 7. /H  WH[WH  VFLHQWLILTXH  HVW  clos  DXWRQRPH  FRPSOHW  FRPPH  XQH  «TXDWLRQ
PDWK«PDWLTXH  6D  Y«ULW«  HVW  WRXW  HQWLªUH  FRQWHQXH  GDQV  OHV  FRPSRVDQWV  GH  FHWWH
«TXDWLRQHWOHFRQQHFWHXUORJLTXHTXLOHVXQLWHOOHQHVHGLVFXWHSDV/HWH[WHOLWW«UDLUH
HVWFORVRXYHUWHWVDmbY«ULW«b} pace%DUWKHVb G«SHQGPRLQVGHVIDLWVHWGHVU«DOLW«VGX
PRQGH  H[W«ULHXU  TXH  GHV  HIIHWV  SURGXLWV  VXU  OH  OHFWHXU  HOOH  HVW  SDU  FRQV«TXHQW
«PLQHPPHQWVXEMHFWLYHHWO LQWHUWH[WXDOLW«\WLHQWXQHSODFHSU«SRQG«UDQWHbHOOHHVW
P¬PHSRXUFHUWDLQVOHSUHPLHUFULWªUHGHmbOLWW«UDULW«b},O\DGXFLWDWLRQQHOGDQVOH
GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXH  SRVWXODWV  WK«RUªPHV  HWF  PDLV  F HVW  XQ  SDVVDJH  REOLJ«  XQ
PDLOORQ  LQGLVSHQVDEOH  GDQV  OD  FKD°QH  GHV  UDLVRQQHPHQWV  ORJLTXHV  HW  QRQ  SOXV  XQ
DUJXPHQW  G DXWRULW«  XQH  FDXWLRQ  QL  XQ  KRPPDJH  HQ  SDVVDQW  DX[  LOOXVWUHV
SU«G«FHVVHXUV
33 /HWH[WHVFLHQWLILTXHSHXWYRLVLQHUDYHFG DXWUHVWH[WHVGHP¬PHQDWXUHGDQVXQH
UHYXHPDLVLOQ HQWUHWLHQWHQSULQFLSHDXFXQUDSSRUWDYHFHX[bMX[WDSRVLWLRQQHVLJQLILH
SDV  LQW«JUDWLRQ  /H  WH[WH  OLWW«UDLUH  HQ  UHYDQFKH  SHXW  ¬WUH  XQ  «O«PHQW  GDQV  XQ
HQVHPEOH mbVRQQHWVHTXHQFHVb}GH6LGQH\6SHQVHURX6KDNHVSHDUHSDUH[HPSOH TXL
SDUWLFLSH¢VDVLJQLILFDWLRQHWYDOHXUHVWK«WLTXHG R»ODSUDWLTXHGHODmbPLVHHQV«ULHb}
HQ  SHUVSHFWLYH  GDQV  O DQDO\VH  VW\OLVWLTXH  GHV  UHFXHLOV  &HWWH  mbPLVH  HQ  V«ULHb}  HVW
LQFRQFHYDEOHRXH[FHSWLRQQHOOHGDQVOHGRPDLQHVFLHQWLILTXHb
34 9.0DOJU«VDWH[WXUHVHUU«HHWVDIRUWHXQLW«ORJLTXHOHWH[WHVFLHQWLILTXHQ HVWSDV
SDUIDLWHPHQW  KRPRJªQHb  LO  HVW  FRQVWLWX«  GH  GHX[  W\SHV  GH  GLVFRXUV  OLQJXLVWLTXH  HW
IRUPHO DXVHQVOHSOXVFRQFUHWGXWHUPHb«TXDWLRQVVFK«PDVJUDSKLTXHV 4XDQWDX
OLQJXLVWLTXH RXGLVFXUVLI LOVHG«GRXEOHOXLP¬PHHQGHX[W\SHVmbG «QRQF«Vb}bGX
SOXVSURXY« D[LRPHVSRVWXODWVWK«RUªPHVHPSUXQW«V¢G DXWUHVGLVFRXUVPDLVDXVVL
FOLFK«VHWIRUPXOHVILJ«HVOHSU«FRQVWUXLW GRQFXQHFHUWDLQHIRUPHG LQWHUWH[WXDOLW«
WRXWGHP¬PHHWGXmbSHUVRQQHOb}bOHGLVFRXUVGHO «QRQFLDWHXUGRQWODSU«VHQFHVHIDLW
SOXVRXPRLQVVHQWLUGHV«QRQF«VOHSOXVREMHFWLIV G«ILQLWLRQORLG«PRQVWUDWLRQ DX[
SOXVS«ULSK«ULTXHVFRPPHODSU«VHQWDWLRQGHODSUREO«PDWLTXHRXO DYDQWSURSRVOHV
FRPPHQWDLUHV  OHV  UDSSHOV  KLVWRULTXHV  OHV  DQHFGRWHV  «YHQWXHOOHV  OHV  FRQFOXVLRQV
/ LQVFULSWLRQGXVXMHWGDQVOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHVHUDLWXQERQWKªPHGHUHFKHUFKH
FDU  VL  mbSHQVHU  F HVW  SHVHUb}  VHORQ  O DSKRULVPH  GH  /RUG  .HOYLQ  O LPDJLQDLUH  HW
O DIIHFWLYLW«GHO LQGLYLGXSªVHQWDXVVLGHWRXWOHXUSRLGVVXUVDSHQV«H
35 10.6LO RQUHWLHQWOHFRQFHSWGHmbGRPLQDQWHGHQLYHDXb}G H[SUHVVLRQ«ODERU«SDUOH
IRUPDOLVPHVODYHRQSHXWVDQVWURSGHULVTXHDIILUPHUTXHSDUPLOHVQLYHDX[OH[LFDO

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 9

JUDSKLTXH PLVHHQSDJHRXmbOD\RXWb}VFK«PDV HWV\QWD[LTXH OHVVHXOVSHUWLQHQWV


GDQVOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHR»SKRQRORJLHHWSURVRGLHQHMRXHQWDXFXQU¶OH F HVWOH
QLYHDX  OH[LFDO  TXL  GRPLQH  $LQVL  %DOO\  G«FODUH  TXH  OD  V\QWD[H  HQWHQGXH  FRPPH  OHV
SURF«G«V  JUDPPDWLFDX[  GH  QDWXUH  H[FOXVLYHPHQW  ORJLTXH  TX LO  FODVVH  SDUPL  OHV
mbPR\HQV  LQGLUHFWV  G H[SUHVVLRQb}  QH  MRXH  DXFXQ  U¶OH  GLVFULPLQDWRLUH  HQ  GLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXH  FDU  mbLO  Q \  D  JXªUH  GH  V\QWD[H  RX  GH  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  SURSUHV  ¢  OD  ODQJXH
VFLHQWLILTXHb} WS HWLOHVWYUDLTXHO XQLW«V\QWD[LTXHGHFHGLVFRXUVTXL«YLWHHQ
J«Q«UDOOHVSKUDVHVFRPSOH[HVHVWODVWUXFWXUHGHEDVHGXODQJDJHFRXUDQWb61b5b63FDU
F HVW HOOH TXL VH UDSSURFKH OH SOXV GH OD IRUPXOH REMHW GH OD TX¬WH VFLHQWLILTXH SDU
H[FHOOHQFH7RXWHIRLVODV\QWD[HP«ULWHWRXWGHP¬PHO DWWHQWLRQGXVW\OLVWLFLHQFDU
O DUWLFXODWLRQ  GX  OLQJXLVWLTXH  GX  GLVFXUVLI  VXU  OH  IRUPHO  SRXUUDLW  ELHQ  DYRLU  GHV
LQFLGHQFHVVXUFHQLYHDX
36 %DOO\QRWHHQFRUHTXHOHVODQJXHVVFLHQWLILTXHHWOLWW«UDLUHPRGLILHQWODODQJXHFRXUDQWH
PDLVSDVGDQVOHP¬PHVHQVQLSRXUOHVP¬PHVUDLVRQV/DSUHPLªUHWRXWHQ\SXLVDQW
VRQ  YRFDEXODLUH  TXH  %DOO\  GLVWLQJXH  GH  OD  WHUPLQRORJLH   WHQG  ¢  OD  UHQGUH  DXVVL
LPSHUVRQQHOOHHWDEVWUDLWHTXHSRVVLEOHDORUVTXHODVHFRQGHYHXWO DFFRPPRGHU¢XQH
SHQV«H  SHUVRQQHOOH  DIIHFWLYH  HW  HVWK«WLTXH  W     / LQQRYDWLRQ  HVW  U«GXLWH  ¢  OD
VWULFWHQ«FHVVLW«/HVPRWVVRQWSXLV«VGDQVODODQJXHFRXUDQWHSDUPLOHVWHUPHVOHV
SOXVSURSUHV¢H[SULPHUOHFRQWHQXLQWHOOHFWXHO2QSDUOHUDSDUH[HPSOHGHmbVLFFLW«b}
SOXW¶W  TXH  GH  mbV«FKHUHVVHb}  WURS  FRQQRWDWLI  RX  «YRFDWHXU   /HV  Q«RORJLVPHV
UHPDUTXHWLOQHIRQWSDVSUREOªPHKRUPLVXQHIIRUWGHP«PRULVDWLRQɣHWGHOLVLELOLW«
QRWDPPHQW  RUDOH  VHUDLWRQ  WHQW«  G DMRXWHU  HQ  VRQJHDQW  SDU  H[HPSOH  ¢  GHV  WHUPHV
FRPPHmbWHWUDK\GURERUDWHb}RXDXWUHVmbKH[DPHWK\OHQHHWHWUDPLQHb}TXLQ RQWULHQ¢
HQYLHUDmbDQWLGLVHVWDEOLVKPHQWDULDQLVPb}
37 /D  GRXEOH  WRLOH  GH  IRQG  «WDQW  SRV«H  RQ  SHXW  PDLQWHQDQW  WHQWHU  GH  U«SRQGUH  ¢  OD
TXHVWLRQ DX[TXHVWLRQV SRV«H V SDUFH&ROORTXHbmb4XHOOHVW\OLVWLTXHSRXUOHGLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXHb"b}
b
Stylistique(s) et discours scientifique
38 3RXUUHSUHQGUHODGLVWLQFWLRQODQJXHGLVFRXUVVLO RQDGPHWO K\SRWKªVHGHO H[LVWHQFH
G XQH  ODQJXH  VFLHQWLILTXH  FRPPXQH  DX[  GLII«UHQWV  VHFWHXUV  GX  GRPDLQH  O XQH  GHV
SUHPLªUHV  W¤FKHV  GH  OD  VW\OLVWLTXH  HQ  FROODERUDWLRQ  DYHF  OHV  OLQJXLVWHV  HW  OHV
VFLHQWLILTXHV«YLGHPPHQW VHUDLWODGHVFULSWLRQGHFHWWHODQJXHGHVRQOH[LTXHGHVD
JUDPPDLUH  GH  VD  UK«WRULTXH  /D  G«PDUFKH  KHXULVWLTXH  VHUDLW  Q«FHVVDLUHPHQW  XQH
SURF«GXUH  G H[WUDFWLRQb  LO  V DJLUDLW  GH  G«JDJHU  GH  OD  mbODQJXH  FRPPXQHb}  WRXV  OHV
SURF«G«VG H[SUHVVLRQVLQRQSURSUHVDXGRPDLQH UDSSHORQVQRXVOHG«OLFDWSUREOªPH
GHVIURQWLªUHV GXPRLQVSULYLO«JL«VSDUOXL
39 (QGHKRUVGXOH[LTXHVS«FLDOLV«HWVDYDQW GHODWHUPLQRORJLHVFLHQWLILTXH LOIDXGUDLW
UHFHQVHUOHVWHUPHVGHODODQJXHFRXUDQWHTXLRQWFKDQJ«GHVHQVVDQVRXEOLHUOHV
U«DMXVWHPHQWV  S«ULRGLTXHV  TXH  VXSSRVH  O «YROXWLRQ  GH  OD  mbODQJXHb}  TXL  V HQULFKLW
SURJUHVVLYHPHQW  HQWUH  DXWUHV  DFTXLVLWLRQV  GH  WHUPHV  VFLHQWLILTXHV  G R»  OHV
DFWXDOLVDWLRQVGHSOXVHQSOXVIU«TXHQWHV FDUOHmbSURJUªVb}V DFF«OªUHGHMRXUHQMRXU
GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHVHWHQF\FORS«GLHV
40 6HFRQGHW¤FKHGDQVOHSURORQJHPHQWGHFHWWHU«IOH[LRQVXUOHOH[LTXHO «ODERUDWLRQ
G XQP«WDODQJDJHVW\OLVWLTXHSURSUHDXODQJDJHVFLHQWLILTXH/ DSSOLFDWLRQ¢XQREMHW

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 10

VFLHQWLILTXHGHFRQFHSWVIRUJ«VSRXUO DQDO\VHOLWW«UDLUHIDLW«YLGHPPHQWSUREOªPHSDU
H[HPSOH  OHV  QRWLRQV  FHQWUDOHV  GH  mbQRUPHb}  mbIRUPHb}  mbGRPLQDQWHb}  mbUHJLVWUHb}
mbFRQYHUJHQFH  VW\OLVWLTXHb}  mbVW\OH  LQGLYLGXHOb}  mbFRK«UHQFHb}  HW  mbFRK«VLRQb}
WH[WXHOOHV&HUWDLQHVVRQWFODLUHPHQWQRQSHUWLQHQWHV mbUHJLVWUHb}SDUH[HPSOH SRXU
G DXWUHVLOV DJLWPRLQVGHFKDQJHPHQWVSURIRQGVGHVLJQLILFDWLRQTXHGHSHUVSHFWLYH
JOLVVHPHQWG XQV«PªPH¢O DXWUH HWVXUWRXWG HQMHX[
41 $LQVLWUDGLWLRQQHOOHPHQWSRXUODVW\OLVWLTXHOLWW«UDLUHODmbnormeb}F «WDLWOHmbODQJDJH
RUGLQDLUHb}OXLP¬PHSOXVRXPRLQVFRQIRQGXDYHFOHODQJDJHVFLHQWLILTXHWRXVGHX[
FRQVLG«U«V  FRPPH  GHV  LQVWUXPHQWV  GH  FRPPXQLFDWLRQ  ORJLTXH  HW  GH  FRQQDLVVDQFH
REMHFWLYH,PDJHVmbEHDXW«VGXVW\OHb}RXmbERQKHXUVG H[SUHVVLRQb} FRPPHRQGLVDLW
UHOHYDLHQWGHO «FULWXUHOLWW«UDLUHFRQVLG«U«HFRPPHXQHG«YLDWLRQSDUUDSSRUW¢FHWWH
QRUPHmb1RUPDOLVHUb}XQGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHSHXWVLJQLILHUGHVFKRVHVRSSRV«HVVHORQ
OHSRLQWGHYXHDGRSW«bRXELHQF HVWOHG«EDUUDVVHUGHVRUQHPHQWVGXODQJDJH VLRQ
RSSRVH  SURVH  OLWW«UDLUHSURVH  VFLHQWLILTXH  RX  ELHQ  DX  ULVTXH  GH  G«FRQVWUXLUH  OH
GLVFRXUV  F HVW  VXSSULPHU  RX  UHPSODFHU  WRXV  OHV  WHUPHV  WHFKQLTXHV  HW  OHV  SURF«G«V
IRUPXODLUHV SRXUOHUDSSURFKHUGXODQJDJHRUGLQDLUH¢GHVILQVGHYXOJDULVDWLRQSDU
H[HPSOH HQILQG«PDUFKHLQYHUVHF HVWU«LQWURGXLUHODWHUPLQRORJLHVDYDQWHHWOHV
IRUPXOHVTXLPDQTXHUDLHQWGDQVOHWH[WHXQSHXQD±IG XQG«EXWDQWSRXUOHUHQGUH
FRQIRUPHDX[H[LJHQFHVGXJHQUH SURGXFWLRQVDYDQWH EUHI¢VDmbQRUPHb}LQWHUQH
42 /HWHUPHGHmbformeb}G DLOOHXUV«JDOHPHQWSRO\V«PLTXHHQOLWW«UDWXUHSHXWG«VLJQHU
ODIRUPHG XQHH[SUHVVLRQOLQJXLVWLTXHSRQFWXHOOH XQPRWXQHLPDJHXQHIRUPXOH 
UHQYR\HU¢XQFURTXLVRXXQHILJXUHJ«RP«WULTXHR»G«VLJQHUO HQVHPEOHGXWH[WH2Q
VH  VRXYLHQW  TXH  SRXU  %DOO\  OH  ODQJDJH  VFLHQWLILTXH  VH  FRQIRQG  DYHF  VRQ  FRQWHQX
LQWHOOHFWXHO  2Q  UHWURXYH  SHXW¬WUH  LFL  O DQDORJXH  GH  OD  mbIRUPHVHQVb}  FKªUH  DX[
VW\OLVWLFLHQVPRQLVWHVVHORQOHVTXHOVIRUPHHWFRQWHQXVRQWLQGLVVRFLDEOHV OHPRGªOH
SDUIDLW  «WDQW  OH  GLVFRXUV  SR«WLTXH   OH  PRLQGUH  FKDQJHPHQW  DX  SODQ  GH  O H[SUHVVLRQ
HQWUD°QDQW  XQ  FKDQJHPHQW  GH  FRQWHQX  3RXUWDQW  OD  GLFKRWRPLH  IRUPHIRQG  HVW
WUDGLWLRQQHOOHPHQWODPDUTXHP¬PHGXODQJDJHVFLHQWLILTXH HWSRVLWLYLVWH FDUFHQ HVW
SDVODIRUPHGHO H[SUHVVLRQTXLFRPSWHPDLVODY«ULW«REMHFWLYHGXFRQWHQXbGLUHmbFHW
REMHW  ;  coûte   IUDQFVb}  DX  OLHX  GH  vaut RX  est vendu  Q D  DXFXQH  LPSRUWDQFH  HQ
DULWKP«WLTXH  FDU  F HVW  O «TXLYDOHQFH  ORJLTXH  TXL  FRPSWH  VDXI  TXH  OH  U«GDFWHXU  GH
O «QRQF«DXUDWHQGDQFH¢FKRLVLUOHWHUPHOHSOXVQHXWUHSRVVLEOHGHID©RQSU«FLV«PHQW
¢QHSDVDWWLUHUO DWWHQWLRQVXUODIRUPH ¢«YLWHUODIRQFWLRQSR«WLTXH (QWK«RULH
O «QRQF«VFLHQWLILTXH VLO RQSHXWDLQVLJ«Q«UDOLVHU DGPHWWUDLWGRQFODV\QRQ\PLHRXOD
SDUDSKUDVH quidGHODG«PRQVWUDWLRQb" EUHIOHV variantesG H[SUHVVLRQəGRPDLQH
SULYLO«JL«  GH  OD  VW\OLVWLTXH  ə  DYHF  mutatis mutandis  OHV  P¬PHV  U«VHUYHV  TX HQ
OLWW«UDWXUHFDUGDQVOHVGHX[FDV HWSOXVHQFRUHGDQVOHGRPDLQHVFLHQWLILTXH LO\DGHV
OLPLWHV¢ODOLEHUW«G H[SUHVVLRQ3RXUUHSUHQGUHO H[HPSOHFLGHVVXVGHV«QRQF«VGX
W\SHmbO REMHW;va chercherGDQVOHVbIUFKH]OHPDUFKDQGb}RXHQFRUHmbOHPDUFKDQG
P DWD[«GHEDOOHVSRXUFHWDUWLFOHb}VRQWKDXWHPHQWLPSUREDEOHVGDQVGHVPDQXHOV
VFRODLUHV mbVWDQGDUGb} DXVVL LPSUREDEOHV TXH mbEOHXV G DPRXU \HX[ YRV PDUTXLVH
HWFb}GDQVXQHG«FODUDWLRQG DPRXUGDQVODYLHFRPPHDXWK«¤WUH
43 /D  QRWLRQ  GH  mbdominanteb}  GRQW  LO  D  «W«  TXHVWLRQ  HVW  G XQ  LQW«U¬W  OLPLW«  HW  WUªV
J«Q«UDOGDQVOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHmbLG«DOb} SXUG«VLQFDUQ« SXLVTX HOOHQHFRQFHUQH
TXHOHVQLYHDX[G H[SUHVVLRQHWXQW\SHG «QRQF«bODG«PRQVWUDWLRQFHQWUHHWSLªFH
PD°WUHVVHGXGLVFRXUV&RQWUDLUHPHQW¢FHTXLVHSDVVHHQOLWW«UDWXUH SDUH[HPSOHXQH

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 11

LPDJHGRPLQDQWHRXREVHVVLRQQHOOH HOOHQHSHXWMDPDLVUHPHWWUHHQTXHVWLRQODY«ULW«
REMHFWLYHHWSDUWLFLSHU¢ODSURGXFWLRQG XQVHQVTXL«FKDSSHUDLWDX[ORLVXQLYHUVHOOHV
44 0¬PHUHPDUTXHSRXUODmbconvergence stylistiqueb}J«Q«UDWULFHGHIDLWVVW\OLVWLTXHV
FRPSOH[HV  IRQG«V  VXU  O LQWHUDFWLRQ  GHV  PXOWLSOHV  QLYHDX[  G H[SUHVVLRQ  & HVW  OD
mbFRQYHUJHQFHVW\OLVWLTXHb}TXLGRQQHDXWH[WHOLWW«UDLUHXQH«SDLVVHXUXQYROXPHSDU
OHMHXFRPELQ«GHVUHGRQGDQFHVRXGHVWHQVLRQVDX[QLYHDX[GXOH[LTXHGHODV\QWD[H
GHODSKRQRORJLHGXU\WKPHHWGHODSURVRGLH&RPPHQWWURXYHUDLWHOOHSODFHGDQVXQ
WH[WH  VFLHQWLILTXH  GRQW  OD  G«PDUFKH  HVW  VWULFWHPHQW  OLQ«DLUH  SODWH  SURJUHVVLYH  HW
FXPXODWLYHSOXW¶WTXHU«S«WLWLYHb",OQHYLHQGUDLWSDV¢O HVSULWSDUH[HPSOHG DQDO\VHU
OHU¶OHGHO DOOLW«UDWLRQGDQVOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHHQFRUHPRLQVVHVUDSSRUWVDYHFOH
QLYHDXV«PDQWLTXH,OD«W«GLWTXHODGHVFULSWLRQHQVW\OLVWLTXH ODUHFKHUFKHGHVIDLWV
SHUWLQHQWV   Q«FHVVDLUHPHQW  V«OHFWLYH  HVW  WRXMRXUV  SOXV  RX  PRLQV  RULHQW«H  SDU  OHV
U«DFWLRQVSHUVRQQHOOHV G«FULUHF HVWFKRLVLUFKRLVLUF HVWLQWHUSU«WHU OHVTXHOOHVVRQW
HOOHVP¬PHV  HQ  SDUWLH  G«WHUPLQ«HV  SDU  GHV  IDFWHXUV  H[WHUQHVb  W\SH  RX  JHQUH  GH
GLVFRXUVPRGHHVWK«WLTXHFRQQDLVVDQFHGHO DXWHXUSU«MXJ«VFXOWXUHOVHWFb,OYDGHVRL
TXHOHOHFWHXUQ DERUGHSDVXQWH[WHVFLHQWLILTXH RXXQDUWLFOHGHMRXUQDO GHODP¬PH
ID©RQTX LOOLWXQWH[WHOLWW«UDLUHbOHVmbKRUL]RQVG DWWHQWHb} mbH[SHFWDWLRQVIUDPHVRI
UHIHUHQFHb} VRQWWUªVGLII«UHQWVHWODVHQVLELOLW«HVWK«WLTXH KRUPLVOHVOLHX[FRPPXQV
VXUODEHDXW«GHVUDLVRQQHPHQWVDEVWUDLWV HVWHQVRPPHLOGDQVOHSUHPLHUFDV/HWH[WH
VFLHQWLILTXHSHXWPXOWLSOLHUOHVVFKªPHVDOOLW«UDQWVFHX[FLVHURQWFRQVLG«U«VFRPPH
DO«DWRLUHVIUXLWGXIRQFWLRQQHPHQWP«FDQLTXHGHODODQJXHVDXIIDQWDLVLHRXIDF«WLHGH
O DXWHXUGRQWLOIDXGUDLWDSSRUWHUODSUHXYH
45 4XDQW  ¢  OD  QRWLRQ  GH  mbstyle individuelb}  HOOH  P«ULWH  QXDQFH  GDQV  OH  GRPDLQH
VFLHQWLILTXHR»ODUHFKHUFKHHVWVRXYHQWSOXVFROOHFWLYHTXHGDQVOHGRPDLQHOLWW«UDLUH
DXVHLQGHODERUDWRLUHVUHJURXSDQWGHV«TXLSHVGHFKHUFKHXUVSDUWLFLSDQWDX[P¬PHV
H[S«ULHQFHV  SDUODQW  SOXV  RX  PRLQV  OH  P¬PH  ODQJDJH  HW  SXEOLDQW  GHV  RXYUDJHV  HQ
FRPPXQ3DUH[HPSOHOHmbVW\OHb}GXSVHXGR1LFRODV%RXUEDNLHVWFHOXLGHO «TXLSHGHOD
UXH  G 8OP  &DUWDQ  &KHYDOOH\  'HOVDUWH  'LHXGRQQ«  :HLO  JUDYLWDQW  DXWRXU  GH  FH
SHUVRQQDJH  ILFWLI  (XFOLGH  GHV  WHPSV  PRGHUQHV  TXL  U«YROXWLRQQD  OH  GLVFRXUV
PDWK«PDWLTXH  DYHF  VHV  Éléments de mathématique HQ  V DSSX\DQW  QRWDPPHQW  VXU  OD
ORJLTXH  IRUPHOOH  HW  OD  WK«RULH  GHV  HQVHPEOHV  HW  GRQW  O DPELWLRQ  SULQFLSDOH  «WDLW  GH
U«DOLVHU  OD  JUDQGH  V\QWKªVH  GH  UDPHQHU  OHV  PDWK«PDWLTXHV  ¢  OD  PDWK«PDWLTXH
G «ODERUHU  HQ  G DXWUHV  WHUPHV  XQ  ODQJDJH  XQLTXH  DFFHVVLEOH  P¬PH  DX  OHFWHXU  QRQ
LQLWL«
46 / DSSURFKH VW\OLVWLTXH GX GLVFRXUV VFLHQWLILTXH LG«DO VXSSRVH GRQF HQ SUHPLHU OLHX
O «ODERUDWLRQG XQP«WDODQJDJHDGDSW«¢VRQREMHWHWTXHOTXHVFKRL[P«WKRGRORJLTXHV
UHSRVDQWVXUGHVFRQVLG«UDWLRQV SHXW¬WUHLG«RORJLTXHVDSUªVWRXW TXDQW¢ODQDWXUH
P¬PH  GH  FH  GLVFRXUV  &HOD  IDLW  ULHQ  QH  V RSSRVH  VL  OH  GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXH  SRXU
O LQVWDQW  WRXMRXUV  FRQVLG«U«  FRPPH  mbLG«DOb}  HVW  XQH  SUDWLTXH  GLVFXUVLYH  SDUPL
G DXWUHV¢XQHDSSOLFDWLRQGHVWURLVDSSURFKHVVW\OLVWLFLHQQHVUDSSHO«HVSOXVKDXW
47 / analyse stylistiqueSHXWV DSSOLTXHU¢GLII«UHQWVQLYHDX[GXWH[WHLVRO«DYHFGHX[
REMHFWLIV  SULQFLSDX[b  H[SORUDWLRQ  GHV  UDSSRUWV  FRPSOH[HV  FRPSO«PHQWDULW«  RX
RSSRVLWLRQbLPLWDWLRQRXG«YLDWLRQ HQWUHODQJXHRUGLQDLUHHWODQJXHVFLHQWLILTXHHWGHV
OLHQVTXLVXEVLVWHQWHQWUHODSHUFHSWLRQVHQVRULHOOHHWO LPDJLQDWLRQG XQHSDUWHWOD
FRQFHSWXDOLVDWLRQ  RX  OH  UDLVRQQHPHQW  ORJLTXH  G DXWUH  SDUW  6HORQ  XQH  G«PDUFKH
GHVFULSWLYHFRPSDUDEOH¢FHOOHGHO DQDO\VHOLWW«UDLUHHOOHW¤FKHUDGHUHQGUHFRPSWHSDU
H[HPSOHGHVIDLWVVXLYDQWVbb

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 12

48 bFKDQJHPHQWVGHVHQVGHVOH[ªPHV¢GHX[QLYHDX[bHQFRPSDUDQWODQJXHRUGLQDLUHHW
ODQJXHVFLHQWLILTXHPDLVDXVVL¢O LQW«ULHXUGHODVHFRQGHHQH[SORUDQWO «YROXWLRQGHV
DFFHSWLRQV G«QRWDWLRQVPDLVDXVVLFRQQRWDWLRQVTXLSHXYHQWMRXHUTXDQGP¬PHXQ
U¶OH G XQP¬PHWHUPHHQIRQFWLRQGHO DYDQFHPHQWGHVFRQQDLVVDQFHVGDQVOHVHQV
SDUH[HPSOHG XQHSOXVJUDQGHSU«FLVLRQGHVFRQFHSWV
49 UHFKHUFKHGHO XQLW«GHEDVHGXGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHbDQDO\VHVWUXFWXUDOHGHODSKUDVH
VLPSOHHWRXFRPSOH[HHQFKD°QHPHQWGHVSURSRVLWLRQVJUDPPDWLFDOHVbFRQILJXUDWLRQ
GXSDUDJUDSKHFRQFHSWXHOHWF
50 bFRQWUDFWLRQ  GH  OD  V\QWD[H  «QRQF«V  HOOLSWLTXHV b  U¶OH  GHV  SDUHQWKªVHVb  SU«I«UHQFH
SRXU  WHOOH  RX  WHOOH  PRGDOLW«  DVVHUWLYH  LPS«UDWLYH  LQWHUURJDWLYH b  U¶OH  GH  OD  YRL[
SDVVLYHGHODSRQFWXDWLRQGHVDQDSKRULTXHVHQSDUWLFXOLHUGHVSURQRPVSHUVRQQHOV
GRQWVHPEOHWLOOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHXVHDYHFSDUFLPRQLHSU«I«UDQWU«S«WHUOHV
FRQFHSWVHWOHVQRWLRQV $QQH[H bU¶OHDXVVLGHVG«LFWLTXHVSDUH[HPSOHODSUHPLªUH
SHUVRQQHSOXULHOOH QRXVwe TXLQHIRQFWLRQQHVDQVGRXWHSDVWRXMRXUVGHODP¬PH
ID©RQ  TX HQ  GLVFRXUV  OLWW«UDLUH  R»  HOOH  SUHQG  VRXYHQW  SODFH  GDQV  XQH  VWUDW«JLH  GH
PDQLSXODWLRQGXOHFWHXULQFRQFHYDEOHHQGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXH/HVFLHQWLILTXHHVWSDU
G«ILQLWLRQRXFRQYHQWLRQXQmbUHOLDEOHDXWKRUb}
51 bU¶OHGHVIRUPXOHVILJ«HVOL«HV¢WHORXWHOUDLVRQQHPHQWGHVSU«VXSSRV«V RQLPDJLQH
TX LO  Q \  D  SDV  GH  mbVRXVHQWHQGXVb}  HQ  GLVFRXUV  PDWK«PDWLTXH  RX  VL  OH  WHUPH  HVW
XWLOLV«OHVHQVQ HVWSDVOHP¬PHTX HQSUDJPDWLTXH>'XFURW@ 
52 bDUWLFXODWLRQGXGLVFXUVLIVXUOHIRUPXODLUH OHV«TXDWLRQVVFK«PDVHWF b
53 bUHFRXUVDXODQJDJHSURIDQH¢GHVILQVS«GDJRJLTXHV&HTXLSHUPHWSDUH[HPSOH¢XQ
9DO«U\GHG«FODUHUTXHOTXHSDUWTXHOHJ«QLHGH1HZWRQDFRQVLVW«¢GLUHTXHODOXQH
WRPEHDORUVTXHWRXWOHPRQGHYRLWELHQTX HOOHQHWRPEHSDV
54 bDVSHFWV  W\SRJUDSKLTXHV  GH  OD  SU«VHQWDWLRQb  GLVSRVLWLRQ  VXU  OD  SDJH  mbOD\RXWb} 
GLYLVLRQ  HQ  FKDSLWUHV  VHFWLRQV  VRXVVHFWLRQV  DYHF  OHXU  QXP«URWDWLRQ  FDUDFWªUH
IUDJPHQW«GXWH[WHVFLHQWLILTXH UHWUDLWVGHSDUDJUDSKHVPLVHHQUHOLHIGHVVFK«PDV
XWLOLVDWLRQGHVSROLFHVGHFDUDFWªUHVHWF&HVDVSHFWVFRQFUHWVGHO «FULWXUHVFLHQWLILTXH
VRQW  SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW  LPSRUWDQWV  GDQV  OHV  PDQXHOV  VFRODLUHV  XQH  ID©RQ  VDQV  GRXWH
G DLGHUODP«PRLUHHWGHFRUULJHUO DEVWUDFWLRQ
55 bPDLVDXVVLGLPHQVLRQHVWK«WLTXH«YHQWXHOOHGRQWO «FROHERXUEDNLVWHQRXVDSSUHQGHW
FH  IXW  XQH  VXUSULVH  SRXU  PRL  TX HOOH  D  DXVVL  VRQ  U¶OH  ¢  MRXHU  GDQV  OH  GLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXHb
56 4XDQW  DX[  P«WKRGHV  HW  SURWRFROHV  G DQDO\VH  VL  OH  GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXH  HVW  SDU
H[FHOOHQFHOHmbWH[WHGHODY«ULW«b}HWGXGLVFRXUVV«ULHX[HWU«XVVLOHVSURSRVLWLRQVGHOD
VFLHQFH  UHOªYHQW  G XQH  V«PDQWLTXH  Y«ULFRQGLWLRQQHOOH  FHOOHV  GH  OD  OLWW«UDWXUH  G XQH
V«PDQWLTXH  LQWHQWLRQQHOOH  ‚  FH  WLWUH  OD  WK«RULH  GHV  DFWHV  GH  SDUROH  HW  FHOOH  GHV
PD[LPHV  FRQYHUVDWLRQQHOOHV  GH  *ULFH  VRQW  SHUWLQHQWHV  SRXU  VRQ  «WXGH  SXLVTXH  FH
GLVFRXUVHVWSDUG«ILQLWLRQmbFRRS«UDWLIb}OLEUHGHWRXWHmbLPSOLFDWXUHb}RXmbIORXWLQJb}b
O LQIRUPDWLRQGRLW¬WUHDXVVLFRPSOªWHTXHSRVVLEOH PD[LPHGHTXDQWLW« YUDLHHQWRXV
SRLQWV PD[LPHGHTXDOLW« SHUWLQHQWHFODLUHHWFRQFLVH PD[LPHGHPDQLªUHɣRXGH
VW\OH /HGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHUHOªYHGRQFHQWUHDXWUHVSUDWLTXHVG XQHVW\OLVWLTXH
SUDJPDWLTXH -DXEHUWbFKYLLL 
57 $SUªVODGHVFULSWLRQPLQXWLHXVHGXWH[WHLVRO«GHVRQPDW«ULDXOLQJXLVWLTXHHWIRUPHO
GHVRQIRQFWLRQQHPHQWHQFRQWH[WHO DQDO\VHVW\OLVWLTXHSHXW«ODUJLUVRQHQTX¬WH¢XQH

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 13

V«ULH  DXVVL  «WHQGXH  TXH  SRVVLEOH  G DXWUHV  WH[WHV  G XQH  P¬PH  YDUL«W«  VHFWHXU
VFLHQWLILTXH SXLVGHYDUL«W«VGLII«UHQWHV&HWWHGHVFULSWLRQGHVSURF«G«VG «FULWXUHSRXU
FKDTXHGLVFRXUVSHUPHWWUDLWVDQVGRXWHGHUHS«UHUGHVFRQVWDQWHVGHVWUDLWVGHVW\OH
GHY«ULILHUSDUH[HPSOHVLODYRL[SDVVLYHFDUDFW«ULVHELHQFHUWDLQHVYDUL«W«VGHGLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXH  &U\VWDO   'DY\  b       HWFb  EUHI  HQ  G«JDJHDQW  GHV  mbSURILOV
VW\OLVWLTXHVb}HOOHSRVHUDLWOHVMDORQVG XQHY«ULWDEOHétude de style GLII«UHQWLHOOHHW
FRPSDUDWLYH GXW\SHVW\OLVWLTXHGHVJHQUHVTXLDSSRUWHUDLW¢VRQWRXUVDFRQWULEXWLRQ
¢  O «WDEOLVVHPHQW  G XQH  W\SRORJLH  GHV  GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXHV  VHORQ  OHV  FRQGLWLRQV
G «QRQFLDWLRQ GLVFRXUVRUDOGLVFRXUV«FULWbGLVFRXUVGHYXOJDULVDWLRQGLVFRXUVVDYDQW 
OH  PRGH  GH  FRPPXQLFDWLRQ  QRWH  SRQFWXHOOH  UDSSRUW  G«WDLOO«  G H[S«ULHQFH  HVVDL
FRPSWHUHQGXFULWLTXHRXYUDJHWK«RULTXHPDQXHOVFRODLUH OHGRPDLQHG DSSOLFDWLRQ
PDWK«PDWLTXHFKLPLHSK\VLTXHJ«RORJLHDVWURQRPLHELRORJLHHWF HW¢O LQW«ULHXU
G XQH  mbODQJXH  GH  VS«FLDOLW«b}  XQH  W\SRORJLH  GHV  «QRQF«V  SRVWXODWV  WK«RUªPHV
«TXDWLRQV  G«PRQVWUDWLRQV  JUDSKLTXHV  VFK«PDV   (OOH  SRXUUDLW  DXVVL  WHQWHU  GH
U«SRQGUH¢ODTXHVWLRQGHVDYRLUV LOH[LVWHXQH«FULWXUHVFLHQWLILTXHI«PLQLQH
58 /ɛanalyse rhétorique HQGLDFKURQLHFRPPHHQV\QFKURQLH FRPSUHQGODWHFKQLTXH
G DUJXPHQWDWLRQ inventioHWdispositio HWOHVRUQHPHQWVGXVW\OH elocutio QRWDPPHQW
OHVLPDJHV,OFRQYLHQWWRXWG DERUGGHVRXOLJQHUXQIDLWKLVWRULTXH‚O RULJLQHLOQ \D
SDV  GH  UK«WRULTXH  GX  ODQJDJH  VFLHQWLILTXH  FDU  LO  QH  UHOªYH  SDV  GH  O DUW  RUDWRLUH  /D
UK«WRULTXHFRXYUDLWWUDGLWLRQQHOOHPHQWWURLVW\SHVGHGLVFRXUVb
OHdélibératifTXLFRQFHUQDLWOHGLVFRXUVSROLWLTXH
OHjudiciaire IRUHQVLF bGLVFRXUVMXULGLTXH SODLGRLULHRXDFFXVDWLRQ
OHdémonstratifbGLVFRXUVG «ORJHRXO KRPPDJHIXQªEUH

59 4XDQWDX[PRGHVGHSHUVXDVLRQLOV«WDLHQWDXVVLDXQRPEUHGHWURLVbpathosb RQMRXH
VXUOHV«PRWLRQV ethos RQLQYRTXHOHVHQVPRUDOGXORFXWHXUbXQERQRUDWHXUGRLW¬WUH
LUU«SURFKDEOHGDQVVDFRQGXLWH logosb RQV DGUHVVH¢ODUDLVRQ¢O LQWHOOLJHQFH & HVW
«YLGHPPHQW  OH  GHUQLHU  PRGH  TXL  HVW  HQ  SULQFLSH  VHXO  VROOLFLW«  GDQV  OH  GLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXHb
60 /DUK«WRULTXHDSSOLTX«HDXGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHFRQFHUQHHQSULRULW«ODWHFKQLTXHGH
G«PRQVWUDWLRQHWG DUJXPHQWDWLRQPDUTXDQWOHVGLII«UHQFHVHQWUHO DUJXPHQWDWLRQHQ
ODQJXHTXRWLGLHQQHHWHQORJLTXHSXUH 3ODQWLQb 5HQRXDQWDYHFODORJLTXH
¢ODTXHOOHRQO DMDGLVRSSRV«H HOOHDQDO\VHSDUH[HPSOHOHVGLII«UHQWVmbVW\OHVGH
UDLVRQQHPHQW  VFLHQWLILTXHb}  +DFNLQJ  FLW«  SDU  0ROLQR     G«FULW  OHXU  GLII«UHQWHV
IRUPHVHWIRQFWLRQQHPHQWHWOHXUDG«TXDWLRQDXSURSRV
61 0DLVTXHOOHSODFHSRXUODUK«WRULTXHGHVLPDJHVHQGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHb"4XHOTXHV
UHPDUTXHV  SU«DODEOHV  V LPSRVHQW  +LVWRULTXHPHQW  OD  UK«WRULTXH  GHV  ILJXUHV  UHVWH
WULEXWDLUHG XQHVW\OLVWLTXHGHO «FDUWGHODG«YLDWLRQSDUUDSSRUW¢XQHQRUPHbFHWWH
QRUPHVHUDLWXQHODQJXHQHXWUHEODQFKHVDQVUHOLHIVDQVLPDJHEUHIXQP\WKH(Q
UHYDQFKH  TXDQG  XQ  PDWK«PDWLFLHQ  RSSRVH  ODQJDJH  PDWK«PDWLTXH  HW  ODQJDJH
RUGLQDLUHOHVHQVGHFHGHUQLHUV LQYHUVH3RXUOHPDWK«PDWLFLHQODODQJXHRUGLQDLUHHVW
PDUTX«HSDUODVXEMHFWLYLW«ODILJXUDOLW«HWF HVWOHGLVFRXUVPDWK«PDWLTXHTXLVHUDLWFH
ODQJDJH  VWULFWHPHQW  QHXWUH  HW  LQWHOOHFWXHO  HQ  G DXWUHV  WHUPHV  FHWWH  QRUPH
LQG«ILQLVVDEOHTXHSRVWXOHOHOLWW«UDLUH/DFRQV«TXHQFHGHFHVUHQYHUVHPHQWVGHVHQV
HWGHSHUVSHFWLYHHVWTXHOHVFRQFHSWVKDELWXHOVXWLOLV«VHQVW\OLVWLTXHOLWW«UDLUHDLQVL
TXHODWHUPLQRORJLHUK«WRULTXHWUDGLWLRQQHOOHULVTXHQWG ¬WUHHQSDUWLHLQDG«TXDWVSRXU
OH  GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXH  / XWLOLVDWLRQ  GX  WHUPH  mbV\PEROHb}  HQ  PDWK«PDWLTXH  HVW  XQ

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 14

H[HPSOHWURS«YLGHQW$XWUHH[HPSOHbOHWHUPHmbDEXVGHODQJDJHb}TXHM DLUHQFRQWU«
VRXV  OD  SOXPH  G XQ  PDWK«PDWLFLHQ  QH  G«VLJQDLW  SDV  OD  FDWDFKUªVH  GH  OD  UK«WRULTXH
FODVVLTXH GRQWODP«WDSKRUHHVWXQH[HPSOH PDLVUHQYR\DLW¢XQHH[SUHVVLRQOLWW«UDOH
MXJ«H  LQDG«TXDWH  GDQV  OH  FRQWH[WH  FDU  HOOH  QH  FRUUHVSRQGDLW  SDV  ¢  O LG«H  SXUH  TX LO
YRXODLWH[SULPHU
62 /HODQJDJHVFLHQWLILTXHTXLVHUDGLFDOLVHVXUWRXWDX;9,,HVLªFOHDYHFO DYªQHPHQWGHOD
QRXYHOOHSK\VLTXHUHSRVHPDVVLYHPHQWVXUODORJLTXHIRUPHOOHRUOHORJLTXHUHMHWWHHQ
SULQFLSH  O DQDORJLTXH  GRQF  OD  ILJXUH  WURSH  RX  QRQ  WURSH  FRPSDUDLVRQ  Q HVW  SDV
UDLVRQ   0DLV  DXFXQ  GLVFRXUV  VL  UDWLRQQHO  VRLWLO  Q «FKDSSH  DX  ODQJDJH  LPDJ«  7RXW
G DERUGO DQDORJLTXHHVWDXFüXUP¬PHGHODSHQV«HDXWDQWHWSHXW¬WUHP¬PHSOXV
TXHOHORJLTXHFRPPHO RQWWUªVELHQPRQWU«/DNRIIHW-RKQVRQ  'HX[LªPHPHQW
DXFXQ  GLVFRXUV  Q HVW  MDPDLV  SDUIDLWHPHQW  KRPRJªQH  /DQJXH  RUGLQDLUH  HW  ODQJXH
WHFKQLTXHVHP¬OHQWLQ«YLWDEOHPHQWVDXI¢U«GXLUHOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXH¢XQHVXLWH
GHIRUPXOHVDOJ«EULTXHVG DOJRULWKPHVRXG «TXDWLRQV/HVLPDJHVLQWHUYLHQQHQWGRQF
¢  GHX[  QLYHDX[  FRPPH  WUDFH  GH  OD  SU«VHQFH  GX  ODQJDJH  RUGLQDLUH  GDQV  OHV
LQWURGXFWLRQVSDVVDJHVGHWUDQVLWLRQ«YHQWXHOOHPHQWGDQVOHVFRQFOXVLRQVRXFRPPH
SDUWLHLQW«JUDQWHGXUDLVRQQHPHQWVFLHQWLILTXH/DODQJXHGHODSK\VLTXHQXFO«DLUHSDU
H[HPSOHHVWSOHLQHGHP«WDSKRUHV'HP¬PHVLODOLQJXLVWLTXHHVWXQHVFLHQFHRQVDLW
FRPELHQ  VRQ  P«WDODQJDJH  HVW  WUDYHUV«  SDU  XQH  IRXOH  G LPDJHV  HPSUXQW«HV  QRQ
VHXOHPHQWDX[VFLHQFHVH[DFWHVPDLVDXVVL¢ODQDWXUHDX[DFWLYLW«VKXPDLQHVHWDX
PRQGHGHVREMHWV
63 /DGLII«UHQFHHVVHQWLHOOHDYHFOHODQJDJHOLWW«UDLUHHVW¢ODIRLVTXDQWLWDWLYH IU«TXHQFH
EDVVH TXDOLWDWLYH FKRL[GHVLPDJHV HWIRQFWLRQQHOOHbODILJXUHHVWPLVHDXVHUYLFH
VLQRQGXORJLTXHGXPRLQVGXU«I«UHQWLHO& HVWSRXUTXRLOHVLPDJHVOHVSOXVHIILFDFHVVH
WUDQVPHWWHQWHWVHU«SªWHQWVDQVJ¬QHSRXUO DXWHXUHWOHOHFWHXUFDUHOOHVVRQWHQ
TXHOTXHVRUWHEDQDOLV«HVOH[LFDOLV«HVDXVVLLQGLVSHQVDEOHV¢ODG«PRQVWUDWLRQTXHOHV
YDOHXUVPHVXUDEOHVOHV«TXDWLRQVRXOHVPRGªOHVGHUDLVRQQHPHQW
64 8QGHUQLHUSRLQWbLOQHIDXGUDLWSDVRXEOLHUTXHOHVPDWK«PDWLTXHVHWSOXVHQFRUHOHV
VFLHQFHVGHODQDWXUHUHOªYHQWG XQHVW\OLVWLTXHGHVLPDJHVDXVHQVOHSOXVOLWW«UDO
YLVXHOHWJUDSKLTXHGXWHUPHTXHODU«YROXWLRQLQIRUPDWLTXHHVWG DLOOHXUVHQWUDLQGH
ERXOHYHUVHU  LPDJHV  YLUWXHOOHV   / LQVHUWLRQ  G XQH  LPDJH  RX  SOXW¶W  G XQH  mbILJXUHb}
F HVWOHWHUPHOHSOXVVRXYHQWUHWHQXHQVFLHQFH RXHQFRUHG XQHSKRWRGDQVXQWH[WH
«FULW HW OHV UDSSRUWV HQWUH OHV mbGHX[ «QRQF«Vb} VXSSRVHQW WRXWH XQH V«ULH GH FKRL[
VW\OLVWLTXHVTXLG«SHQGHQWGHVWUDW«JLHVGHFRPPXQLFDWLRQRXG «GLWLRQHWTXLP«ULWHQW
GHVDQDO\VHVDSSURIRQGLHV
65 -HYRXGUDLVPDLQWHQDQWUHYHQLUVXUXQSRLQWLPSRUWDQW/ DOOXVLRQIDLWHSOXVKDXW¢
O «QRQFLDWLRQ  HW  OHV  GHUQLªUHV  UHPDUTXHV  VXU  OD  SODFH  GHV  LPDJHV  GDQV  OH  GLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXHbQRXVUDPªQHQW¢ODQRWLRQDPELJX­GHmbWH[WHVFLHQWLILTXHLG«DOb}7HOTX LO
D  «W«  «YRTX«  SOXW¶W  TXH  G«ILQL   LO  G«VLJQDLW  VXUWRXW  OH  GLVFRXUV  GH  VS«FLDOLVWH
V DGUHVVDQW¢GHVVS«FLDOLVWHV2UOHmbGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHb}GRLW¬WUHPLV¢ODSRUW«HGH
WRXWXQFKDFXQHWOHmbGLVFRXUVLG«DOb}VHUDFHOXLTXLDVVXUHUDSRXUXQDXGLWRLUHGRQQ«
OH  VXFFªV  GH  OD  FRPPXQLFDWLRQ  GH  O LQLWLDWLRQ  OD  SOXV  «O«PHQWDLUH  DX  GRPDLQH  DX
GLVFRXUVOHSOXVVDYDQW/DVW\OLVWLTXHHQFROODERUDWLRQ«WURLWHDYHFODS«GDJRJLHOD
GLGDFWLTXH  OD  SV\FKRORJLH  OHV  SUDWLFLHQV  GHV  ODQJXHV  GH  VS«FLDOLW«  PDLV  DXVVL  OHV
PDLVRQVG «GLWLRQSHXWDLQVLSDUWLFLSHUXWLOHPHQW¢O «ODERUDWLRQGHVPDQXHOVVFRODLUHV
HWGHWRXWHVOHVIRUPHVGHGLIIXVLRQGHODFRQQDLVVDQFHVFLHQWLILTXH

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 15

66 'DQVXQDXWUHRUGUHG LG«HPRLQVSUDJPDWLTXHRQSHXWGLUHTX LOQ \DSDVHQU«DOLW«


GHmbGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHLG«DOb}FRPPHO DYDLWG«M¢UHPDUTX«%DOO\6LOHGLVFRXUV
ORJLTXHDUWLILFLHOG«VLQFDUQ«GHODVFLHQFHHVWWUDYHUV«SDUODODQJXHTXLU«VLVWHHQWUH
SDUHIIUDFWLRQRXV LQVLQXH¢FKDTXHLQVWDQWGDQVOHSURSRVLOHVWDXVVL¢GHVGHJU«V
GLYHUV  FHUWHV  KDQW«  SDU  OD  P\WKRORJLH  SHUVRQQHOOH  GX  ORFXWHXU  SDU  VHV  KDELWXGHV
OLQJXLVWLTXHV  EUHI  SDU  VRQ  VW\OH  HW  FH  VW\OH  PHQDFH  FRPPH  OD  ODQJXH  RUGLQDLUH
O LQW«JULW«GXGLVFRXUV(WQRXVUHWURXYRQVLFLFHW«O«PHQWSHUWXUEDWHXUTXHQRXVDYLRQV
FKDVV«DXG«EXW
67 / «WXGH  GX  VW\OH  U« HQWHQGX  PDLQWHQDQW  FRPPH  OD  WUDFH  GH  O LQGLYLGXHO  GDQV  OH
J«Q«UDOUHWURXYHDLQVLVDSODFHPDLVOHVHQMHX[RQWFKDQJ«bLOQHV DJLWSOXVG «ODERUHU
XQHPRG«OLVDWLRQGXGLVFRXUVPDLVGHWUDTXHUWRXWHVOHVIRUPHVGHPRGDOLVDWLRQTXL
FRQWUDULHFHSURMHW/DUHFKHUFKHGXVW\OHLQGLYLGXHOQ DG DXWUHLQW«U¬WTXHGHUHS«UHU
GDQVO «QRQF«VXSSRV«REMHFWLIODWUDFHGHO LQWUXVGXSDUDVLWHF HVW¢GLUHG «WDEOLUOD
IDLOOLWHGXGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHVDQRQUHSU«VHQWDWLYLW«DORUVTXHO HQTX¬WHVW\OLVWLTXH
HQOLWW«UDWXUHHVWWRXWOHFRQWUDLUHbHQG«JDJHDQWOHVWUDLWVVW\OLVWLTXHVHQVLJQDODQWOD
SU«VHQFHGHO LQGLYLGXHOHWGHO XQLTXHGDQVO «QRQF«HOOHWHQG¢UHQGUHFRPSWHGHOD
mbOLWW«UDULW«b}RXGHO H[HPSODULW«GXGLVFRXUVGXPRLQVVLO XQLTXHHVWELHQOHFULWªUHGH
OD  OLWW«UDULW«  VHORQ  XQH  FHUWDLQH  LG«RORJLH  /D  GLII«UHQFH  ¢  FH  QLYHDX  GH  OD
SUREO«PDWLTXH  HVW  G LPSRUWDQFH  (Q  OLWW«UDWXUH  OD  VW\OLVWLTXH  GH  FDUDFW«ULVDWLRQ
LQGLYLGXHOOHIRXUQLWHQP¬PHWHPSVODFO«GXP\VWªUHSHUPHWODFRQTX¬WHGHO REMHWb
HQVFLHQFHHOOHVHV«SDUHUDGLFDOHPHQWGXFRQWHQX'DQVOHSUHPLHUFDVLQGLYLGXHOHW
J«Q«UDOVHFRQIRQGHQWGDQVOHVHFRQGLOVV RSSRVHQW'XVWULFWSRLQWGHYXHGHVHQMHX[
VFLHQWLILTXHV  XQH  WHOOH  VW\OLVWLTXH  Q HVW  GRQF  SDV  SHUWLQHQWH  SRXU  OH  GLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXH(QUHYDQFKHHOOHUHWURXYHXQHFHUWDLQHO«JLWLPLW«GDQVXQHSHUVSHFWLYH
GLGDFWLTXH  HW  S«GDJRJLTXH  V LO  V DJLW  GH  G«QRQFHU  OH  PDXYDLV  H[HPSOH  DXSUªV  G XQ
JURXSHG DSSUHQDQWVHWGHOHXUHQVHLJQHUOHVYHUWXVGXVW\OHLPSHUVRQQHOVLMHSXLV
ULVTXHU  FHW  R[\PRUH  XQ  VW\OH  RX  XQH  DEVHQFH  GH  VW\OH  RX  XQ  mbSODLQ  VW\OHb}  TXL
V DSSUHQGGRQFGDQVOHV«FROHV6 LO\DXQHVW\OLVWLTXHGXGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHHOOHQH
SHXW¬WUHTXHQRUPDWLYHSUHVFULSWLYHHWGRQFSURVFULSWLYHgénérale¢O LPDJHGHOD
UK«WRULTXHDQWLTXH
b
Conclusion
68 /DSODFHGHODVW\OLVWLTXH GHVVW\OLVWLTXHV GDQVOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHHVW«YLGHPPHQW
SOXVOLPLW«HTXHFHOOHTX HOOHRFFXSHGDQVVRQGRPDLQHSULYLO«JL«OHWH[WHOLWW«UDLUH
GDQVODPHVXUHR»SRXUEHDXFRXSOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHHVWOHOLHXP¬PHGXQRQ
VW\OHPDLVHOOHHVWORLQG ¬WUHQ«JOLJHDEOH
69 ‚XQQLYHDXWUªV«O«PHQWDLUH S«GDJRJLTXHGLGDFWLTXH OHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHSRVH
«YLGHPPHQWGHVSUREOªPHVGHVW\OHSXLVTX LOV DJLWSRXUO «OªYHRXOHVDYDQWHQKHUEH
G DFTX«ULUXQODQJDJHVS«FLDOLV«TXLVRLWDXVVLDGDSW«TXHSRVVLEOH¢VRQREMHWWRXWHQ
«YLWDQWO H[FªVG DEVWUDFWLRQRXGHWHFKQLFLW« MDUJRQ TXLQXLUDLW¢ODFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
EUHILOV DJLWG ¬WUHmbVFLHQWLILTXHPHQWFRUUHFWb}b
70 3OXVJ«Q«UDOHPHQWOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHFRPPHWRXWHDXWUHDFWLYLW«ODQJDJLªUHSHXW
VH  SU¬WHU  ¢  WRXWHV  OHV  SUDWLTXHV  VW\OLVWLFLHQQHV  «WXGH  GH  VW\OH  DQDO\VH  VW\OLVWLTXH
DQDO\VHUK«WRULTXH HWVRXVSUDWLTXHV VW\OLVWLTXHGHVJHQUHVGHVWKªPHVGHVPRWVGHV
IRUPHVGHVLQWHQWLRQVGHVHIIHWVVW\OLVWLTXH«QRQFLDWLYHHWF OHFKRL[GHODSUDWLTXH
G«SHQGDQWəLFLFRPPHHQOLWW«UDWXUHə¢ODIRLVGHODQDWXUHGHO REMHW GXGRPDLQH

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 16

DQDO\V«HWGHVTXHVWLRQVTX RQVHSRVH¢VRQVXMHW3DUH[HPSOHODY«ULW«VFLHQWLILTXH
Q «WDQWSURGXLWHQLSDUO DXWHXUQLSDUOHOHFWHXUODmbVW\OLVWLTXHGHVLQWHQWLRQVb}HWOD
mbVW\OLVWLTXHGHVHIIHWVb}QHVRQWSDVRXVRQWSHXSHUWLQHQWHVHQGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXH
OHXUGHJU«GHSHUWLQHQFH«WDQWGLUHFWHPHQWSURSRUWLRQQHODXGHJU«GHG«YLDWLRQGHWHO
RXWHOGLVFRXUVSDUUDSSRUWDXVFK«PDLG«DO DXPRGªOHSODWRQLFLHQ 
71 &RPPH LO QH VHPEOH SDV TX LO H[LVWH YUDLPHQW XQH JUDPPDLUH «ODERU«H GX GLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXH  OD  VW\OLVWLTXH  GX  GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXH  HVW  VXUWRXW  XQH  VW\OLVWLTXH  GH
O DUJXPHQWDWLRQHWXQHVW\OLVWLTXHOH[LFDOHbQ«RORJLVPHVIRUPDWLRQGHVPRWVPRWV
YDOLVHV mbEOHQGLQJVb}RXSRUWPDQWHDXZRUGV UDSSRUWVHQWUHYRFDEXODLUHFRXUDQWHW
YRFDEXODLUHWHFKQLTXHXWLOLVDWLRQG K\SHURQ\PHV GHVHQVJ«Q«ULTXH HWF$XVVLOLEUH
TXH  SRVVLEOH  GHV  FRQQRWDWLRQV  GHV  LPDJHV  GH  O LPSOLFLWH  HW  GH  OD  SRO\V«PLH  FHWWH
VW\OLVWLTXH  GHV  PRWV  VH  SU¬WH  SOXV  IDFLOHPHQW  TXH  OH  ODQJDJH  OLWW«UDLUH  ¢  O «WXGH
VWDWLVWLTXH VW\ORVWDWLVWLTXH 
72 /D  G«PDUFKH  FRPSDUDWLYH  GH  O «WXGH  GH  VW\OH  SHXW  DSSRUWHU  VD  FRQWULEXWLRQ  ¢  OD
G«ILQLWLRQGXSURILOGXODQJDJHVFLHQWLILTXHHWGHV«QRQF«VGLYHUVTXLHQWUHQWGDQVOD
FRPSRVLWLRQ  GX  WH[WH  VFLHQWLILTXH  GDQV  OH  FDGUH  J«Q«UDO  GH  O «WDEOLVVHPHQW  G XQH
W\SRORJLH  GHV  GLVFRXUV  DVSHFW  V\QFKURQLTXH   DLQVL  TX ¢  O KLVWRLUH  GH  VRQ
G«YHORSSHPHQWDXFRXUVGHV¤JHV DVSHFWGLDFKURQLTXH 
73 (OOHSRXUUDLWDSSRUWHUGHV«O«PHQWVGHU«SRQVH¢ODTXHVWLRQLQGLUHFWHPHQWVRXOHY«H
SDU  O H[S«ULHQFH  %RXUEDNLb  mb<  DWLO  XQH  HVWK«WLTXH  GX  GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXHb"b}  HQ
GHKRUV  «YLGHPPHQW  GHV  OLHX[  FRPPXQV  VXU  OH  IU«PLVVHPHQW  P«WDSK\VLTXH  GRQW  OH
FRUSVHVWVDLVLGHYDQWXQHEHOOH«TXDWLRQRXXQUDLVRQQHPHQWLPSHFFDEOHRXGHVH[WDVHV
NHDWVLHQQHVVXUODEHDXW«GHODY«ULW«HWODY«ULW«GHODEHDXW«
74 /D  VW\OLVWLTXH  GH  OD  WUDGXFWLRQ  mbWUDGXFWRORJLHb}  GLWRQ  PDLQWHQDQW   RX  VW\OLVWLTXH
FRQWUDVWLYH WHUPHDVVH]YDJXH RXVW\OLVWLTXHFRPSDU«HGHVODQJXHVRXYUHXQFKDPS
G LQYHVWLJDWLRQWUªVVWLPXODQWTXLG«SDVVHOHVLPSOHSDVVDJHP«FDQLTXH VLODFKRVHDXQ
VHQV  G XQH  ODQJXH  GH  G«SDUW  ¢  XQH  ODQJXH  G DUULY«H  (OOH  SHXW  QRXV  HQ  DSSUHQGUH
EHDXFRXSVXUO LQFLGHQFHGHVGLII«UHQFHVGHPHQWDOLW«HWGHFXOWXUHVXUODFRQVWLWXWLRQ
GHFHGLVFRXUVVXSSRV«mbXQLYHUVHOb}TX HVWOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXH3HXW¬WUH\DWLO
DSUªVWRXWXQVW\OHIUDQ©DLVGHODG«PRQVWUDWLRQPDWK«PDWLTXHHWXQVW\OHDQJODLV
75 'DQVWRXVOHVFDVO DSSOLFDWLRQGHODVW\OLVWLTXHDXGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHSRVHO «SLQHX[
SUREOªPHGXP«WDODQJDJHQHVHUDLWFHTXHSRXU«YLWHUGHVW«OHVFRSDJHVOH[LFDX[OD
GLVFLSOLQH  D\DQW  VRXYHQW  HPSUXQW«  VD  WHUPLQRORJLH  ¢  OD  VFLHQFH  4X RQ  VRQJH  SDU
H[HPSOH  ¢  GHV  WHUPHV  FRPPH  mbVWUXFWXUHb}  mbYDOHXUb}  mbIRQFWLRQb}  mbSULQFLSH
G «TXLYDOHQFHb}3DUOHU VLFHODHVWFRQFHYDEOH GHODYDOHXU VW\OLVWLTXH G XQHYDOHXU
PDWK«PDWLTXH GHODIRQFWLRQG XQHIRQFWLRQɣFHQ HVWSDVGXERQmbVW\OHb}b
76 8QHXOWLPHUHPDUTXHHQJXLVHGHFRQFOXVLRQbODWHQXHG XQWHO&ROORTXHDXUDDXPRLQV
SHUPLV  GH  U«DIILUPHU  O H[LVWHQFH  HW  OD  S«UHQQLW«  GH  OD  VW\OLVWLTXH  GLVFLSOLQH  TXH
TXHOTXHVHVSULWVFKDJULQVQHFHVVHQWG HQWHUUHUS«ULRGLTXHPHQWIDLVDQWDLQVLODSUHXYH
GHVDFDSDFLW«¢UHQD°WUHVDQVFHVVHGHVHVFHQGUHVb

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 17

BIBLIOGRAPHIE
%DOO\&K>@Traité de stylistique française, H«GLW GHX[WRPHV 3DULVb.OLQFNVLHFN

%RXUEDNL1Éléments de mathématique, Théorie des Ensembles3DULVb+HUPDQQ)DVF;9,,

Bulletin (New series) of the American Mathematical Society-DQXDU\

%ODFN0Models and Metaphors1HZ<RUNb,WKDFD

&U\VWDO' ''DY\Investigating English Style/RQGUHVb/RQJPDQ

'XFURW2Dire et ne pas dire3DULVb+HUPDQQ

(SVWHLQ(/Language and Style 1HZ$FFHQWV /RQGUHVb0HWKXHQ

)LVK6Is There a Text in this Class. The Authority of Interpretive Communities&DPEULGJH0$b


+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

-DXEHUW$La lecture pragmatique3DULVb+DFKHWWH

.LOPLVWHU&:General Theory of Relativity2[IRUGb3HUJDPRQ

/DNRII*HW0-RKQVRQMetaphors We Live by&KLFDJR,/b8QLYHUVLW\RI&KLFDJR3UHVV

0DWKLV*mb)DLWVW\OLVWLTXHUHODWLRQQHOb}Bulletin de la Société de Stylistique anglaise

0ROLQR-mb0«WDSKRUHVbPRGªOHVHWDQDORJLHVGDQVOHVVFLHQFHVb}Langages/D
0«WDSKRUH

0ROLQR-mb3RXUXQHWK«RULHV«PLRORJLTXHGXVW\OHb},Q0ROLQL«*HW3&DKQ« GLU 
Qu'est-ce que le style$FWHVGX&ROORTXHGHVXUFHWKªPH3DULVb6RUERQQH3DULVb3UHVVHV
8QLYHUVLWDLUHVGH)UDQFHb

3HUHF*mb'H,DFXODWLRQH7RPDWRQLV LQFDQWDWULFHP b})DXGH 7UDGIUDQ©DLVHGDQV


Cantatrix sopranica L. et autres écrits scientifiquesb3DULVb6HXLO 

3HWLW0mb'HODSHUWLQHQFHGXɚstylistic profilingɛSRXUO «WXGHGXGLVFRXUVGHVS«FLDOLW«b}


Bulletin de la Société de Stylistique anglaise

3ODQWLQ&KEssais sur l'argumentation3DULVb.LP«

5LFKDUGV,$>@Principles of Literary Criticism/RQGUHVb5RXWOHGJH .HJDQ3DXO

6FKODQJHU-L'invention intellectuelle3DULVb)D\DUG

:DOHV.A Dictionary of Stylistics/RQGUHV/RQJPDQ

ANNEXES
Corpus et éléments de commentaire
Exemple 1
mb2QSHXWDXVVL\«FRXWHUGHV&'DXGLRYLVLRQQHUGHVILOPVDXIRUPDW'9'RXHQFRUH
OLUH&'5RPHW'9'5RP8QV\VWªPHGHW«O«SKRQHPRELOHPDLQVOLEUHVYLDXQ*06

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 18

LQW«JU«HWHQWLªUHPHQWSLORW«GXPLFURRUGLQDWHXU ¢EDVHGH3HQWLXP00[FDGHQF«¢
b0+] FRPSOªWHO «TXLSHPHQW$KGHUQLHUG«WDLOFHWHUPLQDO«TXLS«G XQID[
PRGHPSHUPHWODFRPPXQLFDWLRQSDUFRXUULHU«OHFWURQLTXHDLQVLTXHODFRQQH[LRQ¢
,QWHUQHWɣb} Le Nouvel Observateur b 
'DQVFHW«QRQF«GHFLQTOLJQHVRQQHUHOªYHSDVPRLQVGHVHSWVLJOHVXQHGL]DLQHGH
WHUPHVWHFKQLTXHVTXLQHVRQWSDVV«VGDQVODODQJXHFRXUDQWH F HVW¢GLUHQRQ
VHXOHPHQWFRQQXVPDLVFRPSULV TXHSRXUOHVLQLWL«VFDUO «QRQF«FLGHVVXVWLU«G XQH
UHYXHJUDQGSXEOLFDXUDLWWRXWDXVVLELHQVDSODFHGDQVXQHUHYXHVS«FLDOLV«H
Exemple 2
mb7KHHOHFWURQVZHUHWKRXJKWWREHVWXFNLQWKLVFKDUJHGEDOOOLNHUDLVLQVLQDFDNHb}
Bulletin (New Series) of the American Mathematical Society-DQXDU\
Exemple 3
7KHLQHTXDOLW\FDQEHVWDWHGSRHWLFDOO\DVIROORZV$QHOHFWURQLVOLNHDUXEEHUEDOORU
DIOXLGZLWKDQHQHUJ\GHQVLW\SURSRUWLRQDOWR,WFRVWVHQHUJ\WRVTXHH]HLWDQGWKLV
DFFRXQWVIRUWKHVWDELOLW\RIDWRPVb Bulletinb
/HWHUPHmbSRHWLFDOO\b}HVWXWLOLV«LFLGHID©RQVRPPDLUHFRPPHV\QRQ\PHGH
mbP«WDSKRULTXHPHQWb}RXSOXW¶WmbG DQDORJLTXHPHQWb}SXLVTX LOV DJLWHQIDLWG XQH
GRXEOH FRPSDUDLVRQ/HOLWW«UDLUHSHUVRQQDJHG«OLFDWHWVHQVLEOHSHXWV LQWHUURJHU
VXUOHGHJU«GHSR«WLFLW«GXSUHPLHUFRPSDUDQWmbUXEEHUEDOOb}TX LOSUHQGHQSOHLQH
ILJXUHHWV RIIHQVHUGHODFROORFDWLRQR[\PRULTXHmbstated poeticallyb}FDULOVDLWGHSXLVOD
Defence of PoesyGH6LGQH\ mbWKHSRHWQRWKLQJDIILUPHWKDQGWKHUHIRUHQHYHUOLHWKb} HW
,$5LFKDUGV mbSRHWU\LVSVHXGRVWDWHPHQWb} TXHODSR«VLHQ DIILUPHQLQHmbG«FODUHb}
ULHQ8QFRPSDUDQWGRQFWUªVmbGRPHVWLTXHb} FRPPHGDQVO H[HPSOHSU«F«GHQW HW
SURVD±TXHTXLVHPEOHVXJJ«UHUSOXVLHXUVFKRVHVbRXELHQOHORFXWHXUQ DDXFXQVHQV
SR«WLTXHRXELHQLOLQFOXWOHmbSR«WLTXHb} WHOTX LOOHG«ILQLWVDQVWURSG LQVSLUDWLRQ
GDQVOHODQJDJHRUGLQDLUHGRQWVRQGLVFRXUVSU«WHQGVHG«PDUTXHU O «QRQF«
mbSR«WLTXHb}HVWHQLWDOLTXHVGDQVOHWH[WHPDLVG DXWUHV«QRQF«VPDWK«PDWLTXHV
FRQVLG«U«VFRPPHLPSRUWDQWVOHVRQWDXVVL DXTXHOFDVRQWURXYHLFLFRQILUPDWLRQGX
UHQYHUVHPHQWGHVSHUVSHFWLYHVSXLVTXHSRXUOHOLWW«UDLUHHWOHSRªWHOHODQJDJH
RUGLQDLUHHVWSOXVRXPRLQVV\QRQ\PHGHODQJDJHVFLHQWLILTXHPDLVLOHVWYUDLTXHOH
SRªWHQ HVWSDV¢XQHP«WDSKRUHSUªVb
)DLWSOXVLQW«UHVVDQWODFROORFDWLRQGHGHX[FRPSDUDQWV mbUXEEHUEDOOb}HWmbIOXLGb}
SOXVWHFKQLTXH DSSDUWHQDQW¢GHX[PRQGHVGLII«UHQWVHWSURGXLVDQWXQHDQDORJLH
K«W«URJªQH6 RXYUHLFLXQHSRVVLEOHSLVWHGHUHFKHUFKHVW\OLVWLTXHbles analogies
complexes dans le discours scientifique
Exemple 4
mb8VLQJSRHWLFOLFHQVHDJDLQZHFDQVD\
$ODUJHDWRPLVOLNHDJDOD[\,WKDVDVPDOOKLJKGHQVLW\HQHUJHWLFFRUHLQZKLFKPRVW
RIWKHHOHFWURQVDUHWREHIRXQGDQGZKRVHVL]HGHFUHDVHVZLWK]OLNH]7KH
HOHFWURQHOHFWURQHOHFWURVWDWLFUHSXOVLRQDOZD\VPDQDJHVWRSXVKDIHZHOHFWURQVRXWWR
DGLVWDQFHRIRUGHURQHZKLFKLVURXJKO\LQGHSHQGHQWRI]WKLVLVWKHUDGLXVRQH
REVHUYHVLIRQHWULHVWRmbWRXFKb}DQDWRPb} Bulletinb 

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 19

&RQILUPDWLRQGHVSU«MXJ«VTXDQWDXODQJDJHSR«WLTXHDYHFFHWWHGLII«UHQFHbOH
FRPSDUDQW VFLHQWLILTXH HVWFKRLVLGDQVOHP¬PHFKDPSGLVFLSOLQDLUHODmbSR«WLFLW«b}
WHQDQWLFLQRQ¢ODQDWXUHGHO LPDJHPDLVDXSURF«G«IRUPHO DQDORJLTXH 
&RQWUDVWHHQWUHODSKUDVHFRXUWHG RXYHUWXUHHWODSKUDVHFRPSOH[HTXLVXLW
HVVHQWLHOOHPHQWGHVFULSWLYH IDFWXHOOH IRUWHPHQWDUWLFXO«HSDUVHVFRQQHFWHXUV
ORJLTXHV
'DQVFHWWHP¬PHSKUDVHH[HPSOHGHJURXSHQRPLQDOFDQRQLTXHDYHFFHV\QWDJPH
DGMHFWLI«WHQGXmbVPDOOKLJKGHQVLW\HQHUJHWLFɣb}WUªVIDFWXHOG«FULYDQWOHVSURSUL«W«V
SK\VLTXHVGHO REMHWO «TXLYDOHQWHQTXHOTXHVRUWHGXQRPVDYDQWFRPSRV«/DSU«
PRGLILFDWLRQ DGMHFWLIVGHYDQWOHQRP VHUDLWHQHIIHWXQWUDLWGHVW\OHGXGLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXH PDLVF HVWDXVVLODSODFHQRUPDOHHQmbODQJXHRUGLQDLUHb} HWODSRVWSRVLWLRQ
GHVDGMHFWLIVXQVLJQHGHOLWW«UDULW«RXGHSR«WLFLW«$XWUHTXHVWLRQbO RUGUHFURLVVDQW
GHVYROXPHVV\OODELTXHV  GDQVFHJURXSHHVWLOVW\OLVWLTXHPHQWSHUWLQHQWb"
b'HP¬PHODU«S«WLWLRQGHFHUWDLQVPRWV mbHOHFWURQb} SDVSOXVTXHO DOOLW«UDWLRQILQDOH
mbWULHVWRXFKDWRPb}QHVHPEOHQWGHYRLUFRQFHUQHUOHVW\OLVWLFLHQVDXIHQFRUHXQHIRLV
¢V LQWHUURJHUVXUOHVFDSULFHVGXODQJDJH P¬PHVFLHQWLILTXH LQWHUURJDWLRQVTXL
ULVTXHQWIRUWGHG«ERXFKHUVXUGHVDSRULHV
Exemple 5
mb7KHHQHUJ\LQDVPDOOLVKVWRQH1 ZRXOGEHWKDWRIDK\GURJHQERPE>'@b6XFK
PDWWHU ZRXOGEHXQSOHDVDQWVWXIIWRKDYHO\LQJDURXQGWKHKRXVHb}
0«ODQJHGHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXH \FRPSULVIRUPXODLUH HWGHGLVFRXUVRUGLQDLUHTXL
YLVH¢IUDSSHUO LPDJLQDWLRQ SRSXODLUH H[SORLWDQWGRQF¢ODIRLVOHlogos RQV DGUHVVH¢
ODUDLVRQ HWOHpathos «PRWLRQ GHODUK«WRULTXHG DUJXPHQWDWLRQ
Exemple 6
mb,QEULHIWKHLPSRVLWLRQRIWKH3DXOLH[FOXVLRQSULQFLSOHUDLVHV(7KHPLUDFOHLVWKDWLW
UDLVHV(HQRXJKVRWKDWVWDELOLW\RIWKHVHFRQGNLQGKROGVb} Bulletinb
mbPLUDFOHb}bPRGXODWLRQ«YDOXDWLYHVLJQDODQWO LUUXSWLRQGXORFXWHXU
Exemple 7
mb6RIURPWKHHTXDWLRQRIPRWLRQWKHDFFHOHUDWLRQSURGXFHGLQDERG\DWDSDUWLFXODU
SRLQWRIWKHJUDYLWDWLRQDOILHOGLVWKHVDPHZKDWHYHUWKHPDVVRIWKDWERG\7RSXWLWLQ
DQLQH[DFWEXWHDVLO\UHPHPEHUHGIRUPbmbDOOERGLHVIDOOHTXDOO\IDVWb} .LOPLVWHUb

([HPSOHW\SLTXHGHPRGDOLVDWLRQHWGHMX[WDSRVLWLRQGHGHX[«QRQF«VVRLWXQ
GLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHLG«DOHWVDmbWUDGXFWLRQb}HQODQJXHRUGLQDLUHGRQFmbLQH[DFWHb}
OHVJXLOOHPHWVLQGLTXDQWTXHOHORFXWHXUQHSUHQGSDVHQFKDUJHFHWWH«QRQFLDWLRQ&HWWH
FRQWDPLQDWLRQGXGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHHVWUHQGXHQ«FHVVDLUHSDUO LPSRVVLELOLW«
SUDWLTXH SUDJPDWLTXH GHV HQWHQLUDXSXUODQJDJHGHO DEVWUDFWLRQHQUDLVRQGHV
OLPLWHVGHO HVSULWKXPDLQHWGHVPRGHVGHIRQFWLRQQHPHQWGHODP«PRLUH/HGLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXHDEHVRLQGXGLVFRXUVSURIDQHSRXU¬WUHHIILFDFHHWFHWWHQDYHWWHHQWUHOHV
GHX[W\SHVGHGLVFRXUVHVWGLUHFWHPHQWIRQFWLRQGHODVLWXDWLRQG «QRQFLDWLRQ2QSHXW
DLV«PHQWSRVHUTX HOOHVHUDG DXWDQWSOXVIU«TXHQWHHQFRPPXQLFDWLRQRUDOHHWHQ
SU«VHQFHG XQDXGLWRLUHMHXQHHWRXQRQVS«FLDOLVWH/ RXYUDJHG R»FHWH[WUDLWHVWWLU«
HVWXQmbWH[WERRNb}GHVWLQ«¢GHV«WXGLDQWV SOXVSU«FLV«PHQWGHVmbXQGHUJUDGXDWHVb} 

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 20

4XHVWLRQbFRPPHOHORFXWHXUUHFKHUFKHXQSURF«G«PQ«PRWHFKQLTXH HWODSR«VLH¢
O RULJLQHHVWELHQFHOD O DOOLW«UDWLRQmbIDOOIDVWb}UHGHYLHQWVDQVGRXWHSHUWLQHQWHPDLV
HOOHUHVWHGHWRXWHID©RQLQVFULWHGDQVXQ«QRQF«G«YLDQWSDUUDSSRUWDXGLVFRXUV
VFLHQWLILTXH3RXUVXLYDQWODOHFWXUHRQV DSHU©RLW YRLUH[HPSOHVXLYDQW TXHODFLWDWLRQ
UHYLHQWFHWWHIRLVVDQVJXLOOHPHWVFRPPHLQW«JU«H¢FHGLVFRXUV(QIDLWLOQ HQHVWULHQ
FDUOHVJXLOOHPHWVVRQWUHPSODF«VSDUODIRUPXOHG«FODUDWLYHmbDVZHKDYHVDLGb}TXL
IRQFWLRQQHFRPPHWUDFHGHODPRGDOLVDWLRQFDUPDOJU«OHmbZHb}WURPSHXUOHVDYDQW
FRQWLQXHGHQHSDVSUHQGUHHQFKDUJH RXHQWRXWFDVSDVWRWDOHPHQW FHWWH«QRQFLDWLRQ
(QILQO «QRQF«mbLQH[DFWb}UHYLHQWXQHWURLVLªPHIRLVTXHOTXHVOLJQHVSOXVORLQFHWWH
IRLVVDQVSU«FDXWLRQRUDWRLUHSU«VHQW«FRPPHXQIDLWbmbɣRQWKHfactWKDWDOOERGLHV
IDOOHTXDOO\IDVWb}  0DLVDWLOYUDLPHQWFKDQJ«GHmbYDOHXUb}RXGHVWDWXWb"
3UREDEOHPHQWSDVFDULOIDLWSDUWLHHQU«DOLW«GHODV«TXHQFHG «QRQF«VTXLDFRPPHQF«
DYHFODSUHPLªUHRFFXUUHQFHIRUWHPHQWPRGDOLV«HV HVWSRXUVXLYLHDYHFODVHFRQGHTXL
O «WDLWG«M¢PRLQVSRXUDERXWLU¢ODGHUQLªUHIDXVVHPHQWREMHFWLY«H%UHILOHQYDGDQV
OHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHFRPPHGDQVOHGLVFRXUVOLWW«UDLUHO DQDO\VHLVRO«HG XQ«QRQF«
RXG XQHLPDJH SU«VHQWHSDUIRLVGHVULVTXHVGHmbPLVUHDGLQJb}
Exemple 8
mbɣE\WKHSRVWXODWLRQRIJUDYLWDWLRQDOIRUFHVDQGVD\VWKDWDVORQJDVJUDYLWDWLRQDO
IRUFHVDUHDOORZHGVRWKDWDSDUWLFOHUHOHDVHGIURPUHVWLQWKLVIUDPHUHPDLQVDWUHVW
LQWKHIUDPHVLQFHDVZHKDYHVDLGDOOSDUWLFOHVIDOOHTXDOO\IDVWɣXVLQJDVDQLQHUWLDO
IUDPHDIUDPHIL[HGWRɣb} .LOPLVWHUb
5HMHWGXSURQRPDQDSKRULTXHDYHFODU«S«WLWLRQGHmbJUDYLWDWLRQDOIRUFHVb}HWGH
mbIUDPHb} SDUGHX[IRLV b
Exemple 9
mbɣKDVUHDOO\RQO\EHHQFKRVHQDVDKLVWRULFDOɘRUSRVVLEO\JHRJUDSKLFDOɘDFFLGHQWb}
.LOPLVWHUb
([HPSOHGHPRGDOLVDWLRQDGYHUELDOHGHmbhedgingb} FI/DNRIIHW-RKQVRQHW
:DOHVb 
Exemple 10
D ,IWKHWZRSRLQWVDUHFRLQFLGHQWVD\5 5 ZHKDYHDɝERPEɞ
:KDWSUHYHQWVWKLVIURPKDSSHQLQJ"
$QVZHUWKHQXFOHXVQXFOHXVUHSXOVLYHHQHUJ\ .LOPLVWHUb
E :KDWPHFKDQLVPLVDYDLODEOH"
$QVZHU7KHTXDQWXPPHFKDQLFDONLQHWLFHQHUJ\RIIHUPLRQV .LOPLVWHUb
b‹QRQF«W\SLTXHGHODIRUPHVFK«PDWLTXHTXHWHQG¢SUHQGUHOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHb
XQmbMHXb}GHTXHVWLRQVU«SRQVHVUDSSHODQWXQH«TXDWLRQPDWK«PDWLTXH1RWRQVTXHOD
GLVWULEXWLRQSDUDOOªOHGHV«QRQF«VDYHFODU«S«WLWLRQGHFHUWDLQVOH[ªPHV mb:KDWb}
mb$QVZHUb} FRQVWLWXHHQUK«WRULTXHXQHDQDSKRUH(QSUDJPDWLTXHDQJORVD[RQQHFH
W\SHG «QRQF«VOL«VSRUWHGLYHUVQRPVbmbDGMDFHQF\SDLUb}mbWLHGSDLUb}mbLOORFXWLRQDU\
VHTXHOb} FI:DOHVb 
b/HVJXLOOHPHWVSRXUmbERPEb}FRQWUDLUHPHQW¢FHTXLVHSDVVHGDQVOHGLVFRXUV
SR«WLTXHVLJQDOHQWO LQWUXVLRQGXODQJDJHP«WDSKRULTXH

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 21

Exemple 11
([WUDLWVGHCantatrix SopranicaGH*3HUHFb
D ɝ$VREVHUYHGDWWKHWXUQRIWKHFHQWXU\E\0$5.6 63(1&(5  ZKRILUVW
QDPHGWKHɚ\HOOLQJUHDFWLRQɞ <5 WKHVWULNLQJHIIHFWVRIWRPDWRWKURZLQJRQ6RSUDQRHV
KDYHEHHQH[WHQVLYHO\GHVFULEHGɣ,QWKHLUKHQFHIRUWKODWHWZHQWLHV FODVVLFDO
GHPRQVWUDWLRQV&+28 /$, DEFDED KDYHUXOHGRXWWKH
K\SRWKHVLVRIDSXUHIDFLRIDFLDOQRFLFHSWLYHUHIOH[WKDWKDVEHHQDGYDQFHGIRUPDQ\
\HDUVE\DQXPEHURIDXWKRUV 0$&( '2<1(3$<5( 7$,51(//(
6251(77( %,//(9$<=( >@5HFHQWREVHUYDWLRQVE\8162)257 7&+(7(5$
SRLQWLQJRXWWKDWɝWKHPRUH\RXWKURZWRPDWRHVRQ6RSUDQRHVWKHPRUHWKH\\HOOɞDQG
FRPSDUDWLYHVWXGLHVGHDOLQJZLWKWKHJDVSUHDFWLRQ 27,6 3,)5( KLFFXS
&$53(17,(5 ),$/,3 FDWSXUULQJ 5(00(56 *$87,(5 +0UHIOH[
9,1&(17HWDO YHQWULORTX\ 0F&8//2&+HWDO VKULHNVFUHDPVKULOODQG
RWKHUK\VWHULFDOUHDFWLRQV 67850 '5$1* KDYHOHGWRWKHVWHDG\DVVXPSWLRQ
RIDSRVLWLYHIHHGEDFNRUJDQL]DWLRQRIWKH<5EDVHGXSRQDVHPLOLQHDUTXDGULVWDEOH
PXOWLVZLWFKLQJLQWHUGLJLWDWLRQRIQHXURQDOVXEQHWZRUNVIXQFWLRQLQJen désordre
%(8/277HWDO ɞ
bMarqueurs scientifiquesbOHSRLQWH[KDXVWLI RQLPDJLQH VXUODUHFKHUFKHDQW«ULHXUHb
DERQGDQFHGHU«I«UHQFHVELEOLRJUDSKLTXHVGDW«HVGHWHUPHVWHFKQLTXHVGRQW
FRPSRV«VG RULJLQHOH[LFDOHVDYDQWHHWORXUGVSU«PRGLILFDWHXUVGHYDQWOHPRWQR\DX
mbVHPLOLQHDUTXDGULVWDEOHPXOWLVZLWFKLQJLQWHUGLJLWDWLRQb} bFLWDWLRQJHQUHWK«RUªPHb
XWLOLVDWLRQGHVLJOHV
bTraitement parodique et ironiquebFDUDFWªUHIDF«WLHX[GHVU«I«UHQFHVELEOLRJUDSKLTXHV
DYHFMHX[GHPRWVFHUWDLQVK«W«URJORVVLTXHV mb8162)257 7&+(7(5$b}SRXUmbDQGVR
IRUWKHWFb}SDUH[HPSOH bGRXEOHVHQVGHmbVWULNLQJb} V\OOHSVH bLQYHUVLRQGHV
JXLOOHPHWVSRXUb}\HOOLQJUHDFWLRQɝFDUDFWªUHWDXWRORJLTXH «YLGHQW GXmbWK«RUªPHb}
mbWKHPRUH\RXWKURZWRPDWRHVɣb} bHIIHWLURQLTXHGHODV«TXHQFHHQGHFUHVFHQGR
GDQVODSDUHQWKªVH&+28 /$, DEFSXLVDESXLVD SXLVULHQbSRXUXQHIIHWLURQLTXH
GLII«UHQWYRLUO HPSORLGHVPLQXVFXOHVGDQVODSDUHQWKªVHVXU*LVFDUGG (VWDLQJGDQV
O H[WUDLWVXLYDQWEHOH[HPSOHGHUXSWXUHG XQHQRUPHGRQFGHIDLWVW\OLVWLTXHVHORQ
5LIIDWHUUH 
E mbPréparation
([SHULPHQWVZHUHFDUULHGRXWRQIHPDOHKHDOWK\6RSUDQRHV Cantatrix Sopranica L.
IXUQLVKHGE\WKH&216(59$72,5(1$7,21$/'(086,48(DQGZHLJKLQJNJ
PHDQZHLJKWbbNJ +RORWKDQHDQHVWKHVLDZDVXWLOL]HGGXULQJWKHFRXUVHRI
WUDFKHRWRP\IL[DWLRQLQWKH+RUVOH\&ODUNHDQGPDMRURSHUDWLYHSURFHGXUHV
SURFDLQHZDVLQMHFWHGLQWRVNLQPDUJLQVDQGSUHVVXUHSRLQWV$QLPDOVZHUHWKHQ
LPPRELOL]HGZLWKJDOODPLQHWULHWK\LRGLGH PJNJKU DQGQRUPRFDSQLDZDV
PDLQWDLQHGE\DSSURSULDWHDUWLILFLDOYHQWLODWLRQ6SLQDOFRUGWUDQVHFWLRQVZHUH
SHUIRUPHGDW/7OHYHOVWKXVHOLPLQDWLQJEORRGSUHVVXUHYDULDWLRQVDQGDGUHQDOLQH
VHFUHWLRQLQGXFHGE\WRPDWRWKURZLQJ *LVFDUGG (VWDLQJ b
7KHIDFWWKDWDQLPDOVZHUHQRWVXIIHULQJIURPSDLQZDVVKRZQE\WKHLUFRQVWDQWVPLOLQJ
WKURXJKRXWWKHH[SHULPHQWV,QWHUQDOWHPSHUDWXUHZDVPDLQWDLQHGDWr&sr)E\
PHDQVRIWKUHHHOHFWULFDOO\GULYHQERLOLQJNHWWOHVb}

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 22

Marqueurs scientifiques DERQGDQFHGHVPHVXUHV mbSHQVHUF HVWSHVHUb} bIU«TXHQFHGH


ODYRL[SDVVLYHSOXVLPSHUVRQQHOOH DJHQWDQRQ\PH HWGHVFULSWLRQG«WDLOO«HGX
SURWRFROHH[S«ULPHQWDO FRPPHGDQVO H[HPSOHVXLYDQW 
F mbStimulation
7RPDWRHV Tomato rungisia vulgaris ZHUHWKURZQE\DQDXWRPDWLFWRPDWRWKURZHU :$,7
6(( PRQLWRUHGE\DQDOOSXUSRVHODERUDWRU\FRPSXWHU','3
RSHUDWHGRQOLQH5HSHWLWLYHWKURZLQJDOORZHGXSWRSURMHFWLRQVSHUVHFWKXV
PLPLFNLQJWKHSK\VLRORJLFDOFRQGLWLRQVHQFRXQWHUHGE\6RSUDQRHVDQGRWKHU6LQJHUV
RQVWDJH 7(%$/', &DUHZDVWDNHQWRDYRLGPLVVHGSURMHFWLRQVRQXSSHUDQGRU
ORZHUOLPEVWUXQNVDQGEXWWRFNV2QO\WRPDWRHVDIIHFWLQJIDFHVDQGQHFNVZHUHWDNHQ
LQWRDFFRXQW
&RQWUROH[SHULPHQWVZHUHPDGHZLWKRWKHUSURMHFWLOHVVXFKDVDSSOHFRUHVFDEEDJH
UXQWVKDWVURVHVSXPSNLQVEXOOHWVDQGNHWFKXS +(,1= b}

NOTES
1. b0¬PH  $ULVWRWH  DYHF  OHTXHO  QD°W  OD  P«WKRGH  VFLHQWLILTXH  G«FODUHb  mb/D  SK\VLTXH  HW  OHV
PDWK«PDWLTXHV  QH  GRLYHQW  ¬WUH  UHJDUG«HV  TXH  FRPPH  GHV  SDUWLHV  GH  OD  SKLORVRSKLHb}
Métaphysique,;LY 
2.b3URF«G«TX RQUHWURXYHSDUH[HPSOHDXHVLªFOHGDQVODUK«WRULTXHGHVmbTXHVWLRQVb}TXL
SHUPHWWHQWGHUHWURXYHUOHVmbOLHX[b}GHO DUJXPHQWDWLRQVRXVODIRUPHGHFHWKH[DPªWUHquis,
quid, ubi, quibus, auxiliis, cur, quomodo, quandoR»VRQWH[SORLW«HVDOOLW«UDWLRQVDVVRQDQFHVHWULPHV
LQWHUQHV
3.b(OOHQ HVWTX XQmbDUWHIDFWb}GRQWODQDWXUHHVWG DLOOHXUVORLQG ¬WUHFODLUHPHQWG«ILQLHbV DJLWLO
GHGLVFRXUVRUDX[RXGHGLVFRXUV«FULWVRXGHVGHX[b"' DXWUHSDUWODODQJXHHVWHQSHUS«WXHOOH
PXWDWLRQHWORUVTX RQSDUOHGHmbODQJXHb}LOVɛDJLWOHSOXVVRXYHQWG XQmb«WDWGHODQJXHb}OHTXHO
HVWORLQG ¬WUHSDUIDLWHPHQWKRPRJªQHFDUULHQQLSHUVRQQHQ «FKDSSHMDPDLV¢VRQKLVWRLUH
(QILQmbODQJXHb}VHFRQIRQGVRXYHQWDYHFmbODQJDJHRUGLQDLUHb}F HVW¢GLUHXQW\SHGHGLVFRXUV
FHOXLGHODFRPPXQLFDWLRQTXRWLGLHQQH
4.b'LYHUVHPHQWDSSHO«HmbUHJLVWHUb} )LUWK RXmbSURYLQFHb} &U\VWDO'DY\ RXmbILHOGb}SDUOHV
WK«RULFLHQVDQJODLV
5.b7RXWHIRLVO HPSORLGXWHUPHHVWWURPSHXUFDUOHVUHYXHVTXHM DLSXFRQVXOWHUPRQWUHQWDVVH]
TXHGDQVODSOXSDUWGHVFDVLOVɛDJLWVXUWRXWGHmbQXOVDYDQF«Vb}¢PRLQVTXHMHQ DLHG«M¢SULVXQ
UHWDUGFRQVLG«UDEOHHQODPDWLªUH&HG«FDODJHOH[LFDOHQWUHODQJXHRUGLQDLUHHWODQJXHVS«FLDOLV«H
HVWHQVRLU«Y«ODWHXUGHVSUREOªPHVTXHSRVHOHG«YHORSSHPHQWXOWUDUDSLGHGHODVFLHQFHHWGHOD
WHFKQRORJLHGDQVOHPRQGHPRGHUQH
6.b9RLUOHFRUSXVHQ$QQH[H H[HPSOHb XQ«FKDQWLOORQGHFHWWHODQJXHFRPPXQHVS«FLDOLV«H
7.b/DPRQW«HHQSXLVVDQFHSRXUXWLOLVHUXQFOLFK«EUDQFK« ɣVXUOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXH GHV
VXUGRX«V  GRQW  RQ  SDUOH  EHDXFRXS  HQ  FH  PRPHQW  HVW  SHXW¬WUH  OH  VLJQH  DYDQWFRXUHXU  GHV
QRXYHDX[  FOLYDJHV  VRFLDX[  TXL  VH  SU«SDUHQW  GDQV  XQ  PRQGH  R»  O DULVWRFUDWLH  GX  FHUYHDX
UHPSODFHUDODQREOHVVHGHVDQJ
8.b/DSURIHVVLRQGHIRLTXLVXLWQ HQJDJH«YLGHPPHQWTXHPRL
9.b2EVHUYRQVTXHODPXOWLSOLFDWLRQGHVFKDPSVGHUHFKHUFKHGHSXLVXQGHPLVLªFOHDHXSRXU
FRQV«TXHQFH  OD  FRQILVFDWLRQ  GH  WHUULWRLUHV  MDGLV  RFFXS«V  SDU  OD  VW\OLVWLTXH  UHEDSWLV«V
SUDJPDWLTXHV«PLRWLTXHOLWW«UDLUHSR«WLTXHHWFVLELHQTXHEHDXFRXSIRQWGHODVW\OLVWLTXHVDQV
OHVDYRLUɣRXVDQVYRXORLUO DGPHWWUHFDUOHPRWQ HVWSDUD°WLOSOXV¢ODPRGH3RXUWDQWOH
Y«Q«UDEOHDQF¬WUHIDLWGHODU«VLVWDQFHHWFRQWLQXHG DIILUPHUVRQH[LVWHQFHGDQVGHVFRPSRV«V

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 23

FRPPH  mbVW\OROLQJXLVWLTXHb}  mbVW\OLVWLTXH  SUDJPDWLTXHb}  mbV«PLRVW\OLVWLTXHb}  mbVW\OLVWLTXH


DFWDQWLHOOHb} EUDQFKHGHODQDUUDWRORJLH mbVW\OLVWLTXH«QRQFLDWLYHb}HWF
10. bbmb6W\OH  LV  PHDQLQJ  QRWKLQJ  HOVH  LVb}  FRQWLQXDLW  G DIILUPHU  6WDQOH\  )LVK  OH  mbRQHWLPHb}
SDUWLVDQG XQHmbVW\OLVWLTXHDIIHFWLYHb} WUªVGLII«UHQWHGHFHOOHGH%DOO\ GDQVXQHQWUHWLHQSULY«¢
'XNH8QLYHUVLW\ «W« 
11.b(QHIIHWTXDQGRQFURLWLGHQWLILHUXQmbVW\OHLQGLYLGXHOb} XQLTXHLQLPLWDEOH RQUHFRQQD°W
G DERUGTXHOTX XQTXHO RQFRQQD°WPLHX[TX XQDXWUHF HVWWRXW6HXOHXQHDQDO\VHGLII«UHQWLHOOH
«ODERU«H H[KDXVWLYHGRQFLPSRVVLEOH SRXUUDLWHVS«UHU«WDEOLUFHWWHmbXQLFLW«b}9RLUinfraVXU
mb«WXGHGHVW\OHb}
12. b/H  FRQFHSW  GH  mbSHUWLQHQFH  VW\OLVWLTXHb}  HVW  «YLGHPPHQW  ¢  OD  IRLV  FDSLWDO  HW  G«OLFDW  HQ
VW\OLVWLTXH'LVRQVTX LOVHG«ILQLWHQJUDQGHSDUWLHHQIRQFWLRQGHVTXHVWLRQVTXHO RQSRVHDX
WH[WH&KDTXHDQDO\VHVW\OLVWLTXHGRLWGRQFV DWWDFKHU¢ELHQG«ILQLUVHVREMHFWLIVHWVHVFULWªUHVGH
V«OHFWLRQGHVIDLWVUHWHQXV
13.b(VWLO EHVRLQ GH SU«FLVHU TXH O DQDO\VH VW\OLVWLTXH Q D SDV SRXU REMHFWLI GH G«PRQWUHU RX
SURXYHUODYDOLGLW«GHWHORXWHOPRGªOHOLQJXLVWLTXH' DXWUHSDUWHOOHSHXWYDULHUVHVPRGªOHV
VHORQODQDWXUHGHO REMHWDQDO\V«8QFHUWDLQ«FOHFWLVPHWK«RULTXHHWP«WKRGRORJLTXHQ HVWGRQF
SDVIRUF«PHQWXQG«IDXWHQVW\OLVWLTXH
14.b,OHVWU«Y«ODWHXUTXHGHVOLQJXLVWHVGHSOXVHQSOXVQRPEUHX[V LQW«UHVVHQW¢ODVW\OLVWLTXHHW¢
ODUK«WRULTXHPDOJU«OHXUU«WLFHQFHSDUIRLV¢OHUHFRQQD°WUH
15.b3RXUGHVUDLVRQVWK«RULTXHVSUDWLTXHVHWS«GDJRJLTXHVTX LOVHUDLWWURSORQJG H[SOLTXHU
0DLVRQVHVRXYLHQWGXILDVFRG XQHFHUWDLQHDQDO\VHVWUXFWXUDOHGHVChatsGH%DXGHODLUHSDU/HYL
6WUDXVVHW-DNREVRQR»O DERQGDQFHGHVIDLWVG«FULWVILQLVVDLWSDUHQJHQGUHUODODVVLWXGHHWOH
VFHSWLFLVPHWDQGLVTXHO DUEUHFDFKDLWODIRU¬W
16.b-HSU«IªUHILQDOHPHQWFHWWHH[SUHVVLRQEDQDOH¢mbVW\OLVWLTXHIRQFWLRQQHOOHb}FDUODQRWLRQGH
mbIRQFWLRQb} LQWHUYLHQW DXVVL GDQV O ‹WXGH GH VW\OH GDQV OD PHVXUH R» F HVW VRXYHQW PRLQV OH
SURF«G«OLQJXLVWLTXHHQOXLP¬PHTXLIRQGHOHWUDLWGHVW\OHTXHO XVDJHSDUWLFXOLHUTXLHQHVWIDLW
VLQRQOHWUDLWGHVW\OHVHU«GXLUDLW¢XQHVLPSOHHPSUHLQWHDQWKURSRP«WULTXHTXLQHOLYUHUDLWGH
O KRPPHTXHɣOHERXWGHVGRLJWVHWODVW\OLVWLTXH¢XQHUHFKHUFKHHQSDWHUQLW«b
17.bmb6W\OHDVSHUFHSWLYHVWUDWHJ\b}VHORQ(/(SVWHLQ FKDSLWUH GRQWODmbVW\OLVWLTXHGHV
HIIHWVb}GH5LIIDWHUUHHVWXQHYDULDQWH
18.b,OH[LVWHGHVGLFWLRQQDLUHVGHIDLWVUK«WRULTXHVPDLVSDVGHGLFWLRQQDLUHGHIDLWVVW\OLVWLTXHV
GRQWODSURGXFWLRQHVWHQWK«RULHLOOLPLW«H$MRXWRQVTXHOHWHUPHmbDQDO\VHUK«WRULTXHb}HVWOXL
P¬PHDPELJXFDULOUHQYRLH¢DXPRLQVWURLVSUDWLTXHVWUªVGLII«UHQWHVbRXELHQRQVHGRQQH¢
O DYDQFHXQHILJXUHSU«FLVH SDUH[HPSOHODP«WDSKRUH HWRQHQIDLWXQHGHVFULSWLRQIRUPHOOHHW
RXVRQKLVWRLUH HWO RQUHVWHGDQVOHGRPDLQHVWULFWGHOD5K«WRULTXH RXELHQRQO «WXGLHHQ
V\QFKURQLHRXHQGLDFKURQLHGDQVWHORXWHOFRUSXVSRXUUHWUDFHUVRQ«YROXWLRQRXG«JDJHUGHV
GRPLQDQWHVYRLUHGHVREVHVVLRQV FIODSV\FKRFULWLTXHGH-3:HEHURXGH&K0DXURQ DXTXHO
FDV  O DQDO\VH  UK«WRULTXH  SHXW  UHFRXSHU  OHV  GHX[  DXWUHV  SUDWLTXHV  PDLV  HOOH  UHVWH  XQH  «WXGH
SDUWLHOOHHWRULHQW«HbRXELHQHQFRUHRQDSSHOOHUDmbDQDO\VHUK«WRULTXHb}FHWWHSDUWLHGHO DQDO\VH
VW\OLVWLTXHSRUWDQWVXUOHVSURF«G«VU«SHUWRUL«VSDUOHVWUDLW«VFODVVLTXHVGDQVXQWH[WHGRQQ«
19.b/HVPDWK«PDWLTXHVVRQW¢ODVFLHQFHFHTXHODSR«VLHHVW¢bODOLWW«UDWXUHGHX[SDUDGLJPHVTXL
QHVRQWSDVRXQ RQWSDVWRXMRXUV«W«VL«ORLJQ«VTX RQYHXLOOHELHQOHGLUHG DLOOHXUVFDULO\D
DXVVLGHODSR«VLHGDQVOHVPDWK«PDWLTXHVHWGHODPDWK«PDWLTXHGDQVODSR«VLHFRPPHGDQVOD
PXVLTXH/HWHUPHWHFKQLTXHGHmbQXPEHUVb}SDUIRLVV\QRQ\PHGHmbYHUVHb}RXmbSRHWU\b}HVW
G XQHFHUWDLQHPDQLªUHU«Y«ODWHXUGHOHXUVUDSSRUWV2QSHXWDXVVLLQYRTXHUOHU¶OHLPSRUWDQWGH
ODQXP«URORJLHHQSR«VLHGDQVVHVIRQFWLRQVV\PEROLTXHVHWVWUXFWXUDOHVGDQVODSR«VLHGHOD
5HQDLVVDQFHFHOXLGHVDQDORJLHVVFLHQWLILTXHVGDQVODSR«VLHP«WDSK\VLTXHRXSOXVSUªVGHQRXV
OHV  H[S«ULHQFHV  PLV«ULHXVHV  PL  OXGLTXHV  GH  O 2XOLSR  GRQW  O HQWUHSULVH  RQ  V HQ  VRXYLHQW  IXW
LQVSLU«HSDUOHVFondements de la GéométrieGH'DYLG+LOEHUW

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 24

20.b%LHQTXH%DOO\SUDWLTXHXQHVW\OLVWLTXHGHODODQJXHHWQRQGXGLVFRXUVRQWURXYHUDGH
QRPEUHXVHVUHPDUTXHVLQW«UHVVDQWHVVXUOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHGDQVVRQTraité de Stylistique
française
21. b-H  P HQ  WLHQV  VWULFWHPHQW  DX  mbWH[WHb}  HQ  ODLVVDQW  GH  F¶W«  OH  mbSDUDWH[WHb}  «GLWRULDO  RX
DXWRULDO GHX[GLPHQVLRQVGHO «FULWXUHTXHODU«IOH[LRQSRVWPRGHUQHU«XQLWPDLQWHQDQWGDQVOD
QRWLRQ  JOREDOH  GH  mbWH[WXDOLW«b}  TXL  WHQG  ¢  UHPSODFHU  mbWH[WHb}  HW  mbVWUXFWXUHb}  &RPPH  FHWWH
SUREO«PDWLTXHLQW«UHVVHVXUWRXWOHGRPDLQHOLWW«UDLUHHOOHQHQRXVFRQFHUQHUDSDVLFL
22.b&LWRQVFHWWHG«ILQLWLRQGXJURXSH%RXUEDNLSODF«HQRWRQVOHDXSDVVDJHVRXVOHVLJQHGHOD
PRGDOLW«  FRQGLWLRQQHOOHb  mb2Q  DUULYH  DLQVL  ¢  OD  FRQFOXVLRQ  TX XQ  WH[WH  PDWK«PDWLTXH
VXIILVDPPHQWH[SOLFLWHSRXUUDLW¬WUHH[SULP«GDQVXQHODQJXHFRQYHQWLRQQHOOHQHFRPSRUWDQW
TX XQSHWLWQRPEUHGHɝPRWVɞLQYDULDEOHVDVVHPEO«VVXLYDQWXQHV\QWD[HTXLFRQVLVWHUDLWHQXQ
SHWLWQRPEUHGHUªJOHVLQYLRODEOHVbXQWHOWH[WHHVWGLWIRUPDOLV«b} b 
23.bb3RXU%DOO\OHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHHVWXQHDFWLYLW«SXUHPHQWLQWHOOHFWXHOOH QLDIIHFWLYLW«QL
LQWHQWLRQHVWK«WLTXH & HVWODODQJXHGHVLG«HVODOLWW«UDWXUHFHOOHGHVVHQWLPHQWV >@W
b bmbODODQJXHVFLHQWLILTXHHVWSRXUQRXVO HQVHPEOHGHVPR\HQVG H[SUHVVLRQSDUOHVTXHOV
O HVSULWFKHUFKH¢G«FULUHODU«DOLW«RX¢G«PRQWUHUODY«ULW«F¢GTXHOHODQJDJHVFLHQWLILTXHVH
FRQIRQGWK«RULTXHPHQWDYHFOHPRGHG H[SUHVVLRQLQWHOOHFWXHOWRXWHQWLHU8QWH[WHVFLHQWLILTXH
ɝDXWKHQWLTXHɞU«YªOHWRXMRXUVSDUOHFKRL[GHVPRWVHWOHWRXUGHVSKUDVHVOHEHVRLQGHQH
PRQWUHU  TXH  OD  IDFH  REMHFWLYH  GHV  FKRVHV  HW  O RQ  VHQW  TXH  FKH]  OH  YUDL  VDYDQW  FH  PRGH
G H[SUHVVLRQU«VXOWHG XQHIIRUW¢ODIRLVLQFHVVDQWHWLQFRQVFLHQWb}  
24.b5HVSHFWLYHPHQWWHUPHVGLDOHFWDX[DQDFKURQLVPHVFKDQJHPHQWVGHQLYHDX[GHODQJXHRXGH
UHJLVWUH  LUUXSWLRQ  G XQ  mbVW\OHb}  RX  G XQ  W\SH  GH  GLVFRXUV  LQDWWHQGX  OH  SR«WLTXH  GDQV  OH
VFLHQWLILTXHSDUH[HPSOH 
25.b&HTXLQHYHXWSDVGLUH«YLGHPPHQWTXHO «PRWLRQO LPDJLQDWLRQO LQWXLWLRQO DIIHFWLIYRLUH
O HVWK«WLTXHQ RQWSDVOHXUSODFHGDQVOHGRPDLQHVFLHQWLILTXH8QHG«PRQVWUDWLRQSHXW¬WUHEHOOH
HWFHQ HVWSDVXQKDVDUGVLOHVVFLHQFHVRQWVRXYHQWIDVFLQ«SOXVG XQSRªWH
26.b/DQRWLRQGHmbY«ULW«b}HQGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHQ HVWHQIDLWSDVVL«YLGHQWHTXHFHOD'DQVFH
GRPDLQHFRPPHDLOOHXUVXQHY«ULW«FKDVVHO DXWUH/HVmbY«ULW«Vb}G XQ(XFOLGHVRQWFRQWHVW«HV
SDU/REDWFKHZVNLHW5LHPDQQFHOOHVGH1HZWRQSDU(LQVWHLQ(QEU½ODQWGXSORPEHWHQOHSHVDQW
GRQF  HQ  SHQVDQWb   /DYRLVLHU  U«IXWH  OD  WK«RULH  FKLPLTXH  GX  SKORJLVWLTXH  ' DXWUH  SDUW  OD
U«IOH[LRQPRGHUQHUHPHWHQTXHVWLRQO H[LVWHQFHmbGHVDEVROXVPDWK«PDWLTXHVb}HWOHVFRQFHSWV
P¬PHVGHmbY«ULW«b}RXGHmbIDXVVHW«b}SHUGHQWGHOHXUSHUWLQHQFH2QQHSRVHSOXVWHOOHRXWHOOH
SURSRVLWLRQ  PDWK«PDWLTXH  FRPPH  DEVROXPHQW  YUDLH  PDLV  FRPPH  mbQ«FHVVDLUHb}  ¢  O LQW«ULHXU
G XQ  V\VWªPH  GRQQ«  / KLVWRLUH  GH  OD  VFLHQFH  FRPPH  FHOOH  GH  OD  SR«VLH  HVW  WUDYHUV«H  GH
U«YROXWLRQV
27. b1RWRQV  WRXWHIRLV  TXH  OD  WHUPLQRORJLH  VDYDQWH  HVW  PRLQV  FU\SWLTXH  TX LO  Q \  SDUDLVVH  ¢
SUHPLªUHYXHbHOOHHVWVRXYHQWO LPDJHOLQJXLVWLTXHGHVRQREMHW«QXP«UDQWVRXVIRUPHSOXVRX
PRLQVDEU«J«HVHVGLII«UHQWVFRPSRVDQWV&HODGLWODWHUPLQRORJLHVDYDQWHP«ULWHSHXW¬WUH VL
FHODQ DSDVG«M¢«W«IDLW XQHDQDO\VHPRUSKRORJLTXHG«WDLOO«H
28. b,O  QH  V DJLW  SDV  «YLGHPPHQW  G XQH  HQF\FORS«GLH  RX  G XQ  LQYHQWDLUH  GHV  mbREMHWVb}  GH
FRQQDLVVDQFHDYHFOHXUVQRPVVDYDQWVTXLQ DXUDLWG LQW«U¬WTXHSRXUOHFKHUFKHXUVFLHQWLILTXH
29. bmb&KDQJ«  GH  VHQVb}  HVW  VDQV  GRXWH  LPSURSUH  FDU  ELHQ  VRXYHQW  FHV  DFFHSWLRQV  VRQW  HQ
SXLVVDQFHGDQVODODQJXH SDUO «W\PRORJLHSDUH[HPSOH PDLVHOOHVRQW«W«G«SODF«HVHQIRXLHV
SDUO XVDJH/DVFLHQFHWRXUQ«HYHUVO DYHQLUHVWDXVVLXQUHWRXUDX[RULJLQHV¢O «W\PRQGHV
PRWVFRPPHGHVFKRVHVG R»VDGLPHQVLRQSR«WLTXH
30.b)DXWLOUDSSHOHUTXHmbV«PªPHb}HVWOHmbVHQVb}TXHSUHQGXQOH[ªPHHQFRQWH[WHbmbWDEOHb}
GHODORLGHPXOWLSOLFDWLRQGHUHVWDXUDQWɣ SDUH[HPSOHb"
31.b2QVXSSRVHTXHO H[SUHVVLRQDXQVHQVWRXWHQVHVRXYHQDQWGHODTXHVWLRQmb+RZRUGLQDU\LV
RUGLQDU\ODQJXDJH"b}GH6WDQOH\)LVKbTX LOHVWRSSRUWXQGHFLWHUbm2UGLQDU\ODQJXDJH}LVRQHRI
DQXPEHURIWHUPVXVHGWRGHVLJQDWHDNLQGRIODQJXDJHWKDWmPHUHO\}SUHVHQWVRUPLUURUVIDFWV

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 25

LQGHSHQGHQWO\RIDQ\FRQVLGHUDWLRQRIYDOXHLQWHUHVWSHUVSHFWLYHSXUSRVHDQGVRRQ2WKHUVXFK
WHUPVDVmOLWHUDOODQJXDJH}mVFLHQWLILFODQJXDJH}mSURSRVLWLRQDOODQJXDJH}mORJLFDOODQJXDJH}
mGHQRWDWLYHODQJXDJH}mQHXWUDOODQJXDJH}mPDWKHPDWLFDOODQJXDJH}mVHULRXV DVRSSRVHGWR
ILFWLRQDO  ODQJXDJH}  mQRQPHWDSKRULFDO  ODQJXDJH}  UHSUHVHQWDWLRQDO  ODQJXDJH}  mPHVVDJH
EHDULQJ  ODQJXDJH}  mUHIHUHQWLDO  ODQJXDJH}  mGHVFULSWLYH  ODQJXDJH}  DQG  mREMHFWLYH  ODQJXDJH}
:KDWHYHU  WKH  WHUP  WKH  FODLP  LV  DOZD\V  WKH  VDPH  LW  LV  SRVVLEOH  WR  VSHFLI\  D  OHYHO  DW  ZKLFK
ODQJXDJHFRUUHODWHVZLWKWKHREMHFWLYHZRUOGɣb} b 
32.b/ LGHQWLILFDWLRQGLVFRXUVSURVD±TXHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHHVWHQHIIHWDXVVLU«SDQGXHFKH]OHV
WK«RULFLHQVTXHFHOOHGHOLWW«UDWXUHSR«VLH
33.b8Q'XPDUVDLVO DXWHXUGX Traité des TropesUHOHYDLWG«M¢DX;9,,,HVLªFOHGRQFELHQDYDQW
/DNRIIHW-RKQVRQO LPSRUWDQFHGHVLPDJHVGDQVODODQJXHmbFRPPXQHb}G«FODUDQWTX LOVHIDLWHQ
XQMRXU¢OD+DOOHSOXVG LPDJHVTX HQKXLWMRXUV¢O $FDG«PLH&HUWHVPDLVSHXW¬WUHIDXGUDLWLO
GLVWLQJXHUHQWUHmbODQJXHRUGLQDLUHb}HWmbODQJXHSRSXODLUHb} LO\DXQHOLWW«UDWXUHSRSXODLUH b
34.b3RXUXQHSUDWLTXHVW\OLVWLTXHIRQG«HVXUOHFRQFHSWGHmbFRQYHUJHQFHb}YRLUODWKªVHGH
0LFKDHO5LIIDWHUUHVXULe Style des Pléiades de Gobineau 3DULVb'UR] 
35.b'HP¬PHVLOHVW\OHF HVWO KRPPH IRUPXOHVRXYHQWPDOLQWHUSU«W«H FHTXLLQW«UHVVHDX
SUHPLHUFKHIOHmbVFLHQWLILTXHb} DXWHXURXOHFWHXU FHQ HVWSDVODILFKHG LGHQWLW«ODmbSKRWRb}
G (LQVWHLQPDLVSOXW¶WOHSKRWRQVLMHSXLVPHSHUPHWWUHFHWWHSDURQRPDVHHWODIRUPXOH(
PF
36.b2QVHSUHQG¢U¬YHU¢XQ%RXUEDNLOLQJXLVWHTXLQRXVUHQGUDLWOHP¬PHVHUYLFHPDLVMHQ DL
SDVO LPSUHVVLRQTX RQHQSUHQQHYUDLPHQWOHFKHPLQ&HODGLWOHJURXSH%RXUEDNLLQW«UHVVHDX
SUHPLHUFKHIODVW\OLVWLTXHFDUO XQGHVWUDLWVGRPLQDQWVGHFHWWH«FROHF HVWVRQWUDYDLOVXUOH
YRFDEXODLUH,OHVWSXLV«GDQVOHODQJDJHFRXUDQWPDLVOHVHQVGHVPRWVHVWFRPSOªWHPHQWFKDQJ«
&HVHQVHVWOLYU«SDUOHVD[LRPHVHWOHVG«ILQLWLRQVDQW«ULHXUHV&HVVFLHQWLILTXHVV DSSURSULHQW
DLQVLOHODQJDJHTXRWLGLHQDXVHQVOHSOXVIRUWGXYHUEH' DXWUHSDUWOHVPRWVəHWFHFLHVWWRXW
GHP¬PHVXUSUHQDQWəVRQWFKRLVLVHQIRQFWLRQGHODFRPPRGLW«GHO «O«JDQFHGHVVRQVRXSRXU
IDLUHXQMHXGHPRWV
37.b3HXW¬WUHFRQYLHQWLOGHQXDQFHUO DIILUPDWLRQ JOREDOHPHQWYUDLH GH%DOO\VHORQODTXHOOH
GDQV  OH  GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXH  FRQWUDLUHPHQW  DX  GLVFRXUV  OLWW«UDLUH  OHV  PRGLILFDWLRQV  GX
YRFDEXODLUHFRXUDQWSRUWHQWVXUOHVPRWVSDVVXUOHVVHQV >@Wb 
38. b6DQV  SDUOHU  GH  OD  PRGDOLVDWLRQ  DGYHUELDOH  GH  SUXGHQFH  SDU  H[HPSOH  mbSRVVLEO\b}  YRLU
$QQH[H FDUOHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHTXLQHG«WLHQWSDVODY«ULW«DEVROXHP¬OHDIILUPDWLRQVHW
K\SRWKªVHV
39. b7UDGXFWLRQ  LPSDUIDLWH  GX  mbVW\OLVWLF  SURILOLQJb}  GH  &U\VWDO     9RLU  SRXU  OD  P«WKRGH
O DUWLFOHGH3HWLW  
40.b'LII«UHQWH«YLGHPPHQWGHODVW\OLVWLTXHGHVJHQUHVOLWW«UDLUHV SOXVGLYHUVLIL«VVDQVGRXWH 
3DUH[HPSOHODGLVWLQFWLRQFODVVLTXH HWP«GL«YDOH HQWUHOHVWURLVGHJU«VGXVW\OHFRQQXHVRXVOH
QRPGHmbURXHGH9LUJLOHb} VW\OH«OHY«PR\HQRXEDVVHORQOHVJHQUHVWULDGHFDOTX«HVXUOD
KL«UDUFKLH GH OD &LW« LG«DOH SODWRQLFLHQQH Q HVW SDV SHUWLQHQWH HQ ODQJDJH PDWK«PDWLTXH R»
O LG«RORJLHQHMRXHDXFXQU¶OH HQSULQFLSH 
41.b5DSSHORQVTX DYHFOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHO LPSULPHULHHWODFRQILVFDWLRQGXmbUK«WRULTXHb}SDU
OHmbOLWW«UDLUHb}FHVGHX[DVSHFWVGHODUK«WRULTXHJ«Q«UDOHFODVVLTXHVHVRQWV«SDU«VSRXUQH
ODLVVHUTX XQHmbUK«WRULTXHUHVWUHLQWHb}OLPLW«HDX[ILJXUHV )RQWDQLHU HWP¬PH¢XQHYLQJWDLQH
GHWURSHV 'XPDUVDLV 
42.b(QSDUWLFXOLHU¢O «SRTXHGHOD5HQDLVVDQFHɣHWGHODUK«WRULTXHUHVWUHLQWH ¢O elocutioDX[
RUQHPHQWV  GX  ODQJDJH   R»  GHX[  LPDJHV  ILJXUDLHQW  FHWWH  RSSRVLWLRQb  OH  SRLQJ  VHUU«  SRXU  OD
ORJLTXHODPDLQRXYHUWHSRXUODUK«WRULTXH
43. b& HVW  SRXUTXRL  ORUVTX LO  V DJLW  GH  G«ILQLU  OD  VS«FLILFLW«  GX  ODQJDJH  SR«WLTXH  RQ  O RSSRVH
VRXYHQWSDUFRPPRGLW«DXODQJDJHPDWK«PDWLTXHFHQV«UHSU«VHQWHUODODQJXHVWDQGDUGGDQV
VRQ«WDWOHSOXVSXU3RXUXQHRSSRVLWLRQSR«VLHVFLHQFHYRLU,$5LFKDUGV >@ 

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 26

44.b0DLVUDSSHORQVTX XQP¬PHV\PEROHSDUH[HPSOHaSHXWQHSDVUHQYR\HUDXP¬PHFRQWHQX
G XQUDLVRQQHPHQW¢O DXWUHGDQVOHP¬PHWH[WH
45.b0ROLQR  UDSSHOOHTXHOHU¶OHGHO DQDORJLHGDQVO LQYHQWLRQVFLHQWLILTXHD«W«VRXOLJQ«
GHSXLVORQJWHPSVQRWDPPHQWSDU0D[%ODFNOHWK«RULFLHQGHODP«WDSKRUHLQWHUDFWLRQQHOOH
GDQVModels and Metaphors  3RXUOHU¶OHGHVP«WDSKRUHVGDQVOHGLVFRXUVPDWK«PDWLTXHRQ
SHXWDXVVLVHUHSRUWHU¢O RXYUDJHGH-XGLWK6FKODQJHU  
46.b$LQVLYRLWRQXQmb%RXUEDNLb}O«JLWLPHUILQDOHPHQWO HPSORLGHODUK«WRULTXHDSUªVDYRLU
UHMHW«O DQDORJLTXHGXGLVFRXUVIRUPDOLV«bmbɣFRQWLHQGURQWGHVFRPPHQWDLUHVGHVWLQ«V¢UHQGUH
SOXVFODLUHODPDUFKHGHVLG«HVDXEHVRLQSDUXQDSSHO¢O LQWXLWLRQGXOHFWHXUbO HPSORLGHV
UHVVRXUFHV  GH  OD  UK«WRULTXH  GHYLHQW  GªV  ORUV  O«JLWLPH  SRXUYX  TXH  GHPHXUH  LQFKDQJ«H  OD
SRVVLELOLW«GHIRUPDOLVHUOHWH[WHb} b 
47.b2QSHXWFLWHUOHVDUEUHVGHODJUDPPDLUHJ«Q«UDWLYHOHVSDWDWHVGHODWK«RULHGHVHQVHPEOHV
OHVPRWVQR\DX[GHFHUWDLQHVJUDPPDLUHVOHWULDQJOHGHODVLJQLILFDWLRQOHFDUU«V«PLRWLTXHOHV
FDPHVGH&XOLROLODGLII«UHQWLHOOHVLJQLILDQWHGH.ULVWHYDOHVFDWDO\VHXUVGX%DUWKHVQDUUDWRORJXH
V LQVSLUDQWGHVIRUPDOLVWHVUXVVHVHWF
48.bmbɣOHF¶W«SHUVRQQHOHWDIIHFWLIGHODSHQV«HTXLWHQGWRXMRXUVHWPDOJU«WRXW¢V LQILOWUHUGDQV
O H[SUHVVLRQ  GH  O LG«H  SXUHb}    >@  Wb     \  FRPSULV  VRXV  OD  IRUPH  G LPDJHV  FDU  OH
ODQJDJHVFLHQWLILTXHHVWILQDOHPHQWEHDXFRXSSOXVLPDJ«TX RQQHOHSHQVH
49.b' R»OHVFRQVHLOVHQPDWLªUHG «FULWXUHSURGLJX«VSDUFHUWDLQHVUHYXHVVDYDQWHVSDUH[HPSOH
OHHandbook for Chemical Society of Authors  FLW«SDU&U\VWDOHW'DY\ b 6DQVSDUOHU
GHV  SUREOªPHV  GH  OLVLELOLW«  TXH  SRVHQW  FHUWDLQV  PRQVWUHV  OH[LFDX[  GH  W\SH  MR\FLHQ  FRPPH
mbWHWUDPHWK\F\FORRFWDWHb}  2Q  VHUDLW  WHQW«  G DMRXWHU  mbɣHW  GH  P«PRULVDWLRQb}  PDLV  OH  VLJQH
VFLHQWLILTXHHVWPRLQVDUELWUDLUHTX LOQ \SDUD°WSXLVTXHOHVLJQLILDQWHVWVRXYHQWODWUDQVFULSWLRQ
OLQJXLVWLTXHVWULFWHGHODFRPSRVLWLRQLQWHUQH FKLPLTXHSK\VLTXH GHO REMHW
50.b6HORQOHVWK«RULHVSRVWPRGHUQHVGHODmbWH[WXDOLW«b}OHOHFWHXUHVWmbSURGXFWHXUb}GXWH[WH
51.b6HORQ.:DOHV b OHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHVHFDUDFW«ULVHUDLWSDUODIU«TXHQFHGHV
PRWVK\EULGHVFRPELQDQWSOXVLHXUVODQJXHVFRPPHmbZDVKDEOHb} VD[RQIUDQ©DLVRXODWLQ 
mbWHOHYLVLRQb} JUHFODWLQ
52.b& HVW¢GLUHGHOH[ªPHVGHVHQVJ«Q«ULTXHbmbDQLPDOb}SRXUmbFKLHQb}FRPPHRQSDUOHGH
mbVXMHWVb}SRXUOHVFRED\HVGDQVOHVH[S«ULHQFHV3RXUXQHPSORLLURQLTXHYRLUOHSDVWLFKHGH
3HUHF$QQH[HE mb$QLPDOVb}SRXUmbVRSUDQRVb} 
53.b‚SURSRVG XQQRXYHDXPRGªOHGHY«KLFXOHDXWRPRELOHID©RQ-DPHV%RQG
54.b&LDSUªVBulletinb

RÉSUMÉS
&HWWHFRPPXQLFDWLRQDSUªVDYRLUSU«VHQW«ODSOXUDOLW«GHVSUDWLTXHVGHODVW\OLVWLTXH «WXGHGH
VW\OHDQDO\VHGHVW\OHDQDO\VHUK«WRULTXH HQOLDLVRQDYHFOHVFRQFHSWLRQVGXVW\OHHWG«JDJ«OHV
«O«PHQWV  IRQGDPHQWDX[  GH  OD  FDUDFW«ULVDWLRQ  GX  GLVFRXUV  VFLHQWLILTXH  SRVH  OHV  FRQGLWLRQV
«SLVW«PRORJLTXHVHWP«WKRGRORJLTXHVG XQHDSSOLFDWLRQVS«FLILTXHGHODVW\OLVWLTXH¢O «WXGHGX
GLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXH(OOHHQLOOXVWUHODSUDWLTXHSDUTXHOTXHVH[HPSOHVHQDQQH[H

7KLVSDSHUSUHVHQWVWKHGLYHUVLW\RIVW\OLVWLFSUDFWLFH VWXG\RIVW\OHVW\OLVWLFDQDO\VLVUKHWRULFDO
DQDO\VLV WRJHWKHUZLWKWKHYDULRXVFRQFHSWLRQVRIVW\OHGHILQHVWKHIXQGDPHQWDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
RIVFLHQWLILFGLVFRXUVHDQGIRUPXODWHVVRPHRIWKHHSLVWHPRORJLFDODQGPHWKRGRORJLFDOFRQGLWLRQV

ASp, 15-18 | 1997


Stylistique et discours scientifique 27

IRUDVSHFLILFVW\OLVWLFDSSURDFKWRVFLHQWLILFGLVFRXUVH$IHZH[DPSOHVRIVXFKDQDSSURDFKDUH
DQQH[HG

INDEX
Mots-clés : DQDO\VHUK«WRULTXHDQDO\VHVW\OLVWLTXHGLVFRXUVVFLHQWLILTXHODQJXHGHVS«FLDOLW«
VW\OH «WXGHGH VW\OLVWLTXHWH[WH
Keywords : /63UKHWRULFUKHWRULFDODQDO\VLVVFLHQWLILFGLVFRXUVHVWXG\RIVW\OHVW\OHVW\OLVWLF
DQDO\VLVVW\OLVWLFVWH[W

AUTEUR
GILLES MATHIS

*LOOHV0DWKLVDJU«J«G DQJODLVGRFWHXUGɛ‹WDWHVWSURIHVVHXUGHOLWW«UDWXUH GRPDLQHVSR«WLTXHHW


GUDPDWLTXH HWGHVW\OLVWLTXHDQJODLVHV¢Oɛ8QLYHUVLW«GH3URYHQFH $L[0DUVHLOOHb HW3U«VLGHQW
GHOD6RFL«W«GHVW\OLVWLTXHDQJODLVH,OHVWOɛDXWHXUGɛXQHWKªVHLQWLWXO«Hmb$QDO\VHVW\OLVWLTXHGX
Paradis Perdu OɛXQLYHUVSR«WLTXH«FKRVHWFRUUHVSRQGDQFHVb}VRXWHQXHHQ,OD«FULWXQH
TXDUDQWDLQHGɛDUWLFOHVVXUOHVSUREOªPHVWK«RULTXHVGHODVW\OLVWLTXHOLWW«UDLUHHWVXU0LOWRQ
'RQQH+HUEHUW9DXJKDQ:RUGVZRUWK+RSNLQV<HDWV6KDNHVSHDUHHWF,OWUDYDLOOH
DFWXHOOHPHQWVXUXQPDQXHOGHVW\OLVWLTXHOLWW«UDLUH WK«RULHHWSUDWLTXHV 

ASp, 15-18 | 1997

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi