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1 MASKULAL
Kata benda maskulal memiliki kata sandang tak tentu un (a,an) dan kata sandang
tertentu le (the).
Kecuali: la cage (sangkar), la image (gambar), la page (halaman), la plage (pantai), la rage
(rabies).
1.2 FEMINAL
Kata benda Feminal mempunyai kata sandang tak tentu une (a, an) dan kata sandang tertentu
la (the)
kata benda dengan akhiran -N, -R, -S, -T, and -X:
Beberapa kata benda dapat berubah ke bentuk maskulal dan sebaliknya dengan cukup
mengganti akhirannya saja.
A. Untuk kata yang berakhiran -i, -é, -u, -l ditambahkan akhiran -e untuk bentuk feminalnya
dalam bentuk tertulis (meskipun secara lisan pengucapan untuk bentuk maskulal dan
feminalnya tetap sama saja)
B. Untuk kata yang berakhiran -d, -t, -ois, -ais, -er, -ier. Ditambahkan akhiran -e untuk bentuk
feminalnya, baik bentuk tertulis maupun lisan, bentuk maskulal dan feminalnya diucapkan
berbeda.
C. Untuk kata yang berakhiran-ien, -on, -an, -in, -ain ditambahkan akhiran -(n)e.
Suffix Is Generally
-age masculine
-eau masculine
-ée feminine
-ion feminine
-isme feminine
-tè feminine
In addition, there are some nouns that have both masculine and
feminine forms that coincide with whether or not that being referred to
is female or male. Many professions have masculine and feminine
forms, as do the words 'dog' and 'cat'. Also remember that in groups
where there is at least one male present, you would use the masculine
plural form. Likewise, when a word has both female and male forms,
you always use the male form unless referring to a specific female.
Verb groups
French regular verbs fall into three groups :
Fortunately about 80% of French verbs are in the first group and are mostly regular so if you know
one, you know how to conjugate lots of verbs!
VERB
In English verbs don’t change that much when they’re conjugated, for example they
usually add an “s” in the third person singular, the rest stays the same, I speak, you
speak, he speaks, we speak, they speak, so as you have noticed the verb “to speak”
stays almost unchanged, in French the verb can have up to 6 conjugations, each
pronoun may use a unique form. But it’s not that complicated as it may seem, because
most French verbs follow a pattern, once you’re familiar with that pattern you will be
able to conjugate a big number of verbs the same way.
Just like in English a verb in French takes different forms in different tenses (present,
future), voices, and moods.
Before talking about the conjugation categories, consider that a verb is divided into
two parts, the first part is the stem or root and the second part is the ending which
usually changes from one tense to another and from one person to another.
French verbs are categorized into 5 categories or groups, the first three categories
are verbs ending in (-er), (-ir), and (-re), which are considered regular verbs, meaning
that verbs having these endings in their infinitive are usually conjugated the same way
depending on the tense. The good news is that this kind of verbs makes 90 % of all
verbs.
The 4th group (ends in -er) and takes the same endings as regular verbs, but takes
different stem when conjugated. Finally there is a 5th category which is unpredictable
concerning its root (stem) as well as its endings. Both categories need to be
memorized by heart, especially the fifth category which is hard to predict since it
doesn’t follow any pattern but easy to memorize.
NOUNS
Nouns in French are either masculine or feminine; for some reason (bread) is
masculine in French; (spoon) is feminine, so the best thing to do is to memorize words
with their gender by adding the indefinite or definite articles to them, for example the
word bread should be memorized as “le pain” and not only as “pain”. The good news
is that some words may give you a clue about their gender, especially their ending, for
example:
Nouns ending in: -eau, -eaux, -age -ment are usually masculine,
Nouns ending in -e, -ure, -ence, -ance, -té, and -ette, -ion (especially -sion, tion) are
usually feminine.
Nouns referring to a sex, for example “une femme / a woman” is obviously feminine
…
That doesn’t means that this is a rule you should follow, for example nouns ending in
“-e” are not always feminine.
Now to make the feminine out of the masculine you need to follow these simple steps:
Many French nouns form their feminine by adding an “e” to the end of the masculine.
Student (masculine) = étudiant, Student (feminine) = étudiante.
Nouns already ending in an “e” in the masculine don’t change in the feminine.
Other nouns change their -eur ending to -euse for the feminine, for example: a seller
= un vendeur (masucline), une vendeuse (feminine).
Plural
To form the plural in French most nouns simply add an extra “s” {a friend = un ami,
friends = des amis}
Nouns ending in -eu, -eau and -au usually form the plural by adding an exta “x”, {the
cake = le gâteau, cakes = les gâteaux}
Nouns ending in -al usually form the plural with -aux: {animal = un animal, animals
= des animaux}
Nouns already ending in -s, -x, or -z in their masculine form do not change in the
plural: {the nose = le nez, noses = les nez}
Nouns ending in -an, -en and -on take an extra “ne” in the singular feminine. Dog
(male) = chien, Dog (female) = chienne.
And “nes” in the plural feminine: Dogs (male) = chiens, Dogs (female) = chiennes.
French Plural
the cake = le gâteau, cakes = les gâteaux
animal = un animal, animals = des animaux
the nose = le nez, noses = les nez
Dogs (male) = chiens, Dogs (female) = chiennes
French Nouns
Family House
aunt une tante a shelf une étagère
brother un frère alarm clock un réveil
cousin (female) une cousine bathing suit un maillot (de bain)
cousin (male) un cousin bathtub un bain, une baignoire
daughter une fille bed un lit
father un père binder un classeur
granddaughter une petite-fille calculator une calculatrice
grandfather un grand-père carpet une moquette
grandmother une grand-mère ceiling le plafond
grandson un petit-fils chair une chaise
husband un mari closet une armoire, un placard
mother une mère coat un manteau
nephew un neveu computer un ordinateur
niece une nièce copy machine une machine à photocopier
sister une soeur couch un canapé
son un fils curtain un rideau
uncle un oncle desk un bureau
wife une femme door une porte
dresser une commode
Body parts fax machine un télécopieur
ankle la cheville floor le sol
arm le bras highlighter un surligneur
back le dos jacket un blouson
cheek la joue jeans un jean
chest la poitrine lamp une lampe
ear une oreille mirror un miroir
elbow le coude oven un four
eye un oeil pajamas un pyjama
eyes les yeux pants un pantalon
face le visage paper le papier
finger le doigt pen un stylo
fingernail un ongle pencil un crayon
foot le pied piece of paper une feuille de papier
hair les cheveux pillow un oreiller
hand la main poster une affiche
head la tête printer une imprimante
knee le genou raincoat un imperméable
leg la jambe refrigerator un réfrigérateur
lip la lèvre rug un tapis
mouth la bouche sandals des sandales
neck le cou shoes des chaussures
nose le nez shorts un short
shoulder une épaule shower une douche
stomach un estomac sink un lavabo
thumb le pouce sneakers des tennis
toe un orteil socks des chaussettes
tooth la dent staple une agrafe
wrist le poignet stapler une agrafeuse
stereo une chaîne stéréo
stove une cuisinière
table une table
telephone un téléphone
television une télévision
toilet une toilette
t-shirt un tee-shirt
wall un mur
window une fenêtre
Miscellaneous
actor un acteur manager un gérant
actress une actrice map une carte
airline une compagnie aérienne mechanic un mécanicien
airplane un avion movie un film
airport un aéroport music la musique
arrivals les arrivées notebook un cahier
artist un(e) artiste nurse une infirmiere
backpack un sac à dos one-way ticket un billet simpl
baggage les bagages painter un(e) peintre
baker un boulanger paper le papier
basketball le basket passenger un passager
biking le cyclisme, le vélo passport un passeport
binder un classeur pen un stylo
book un livre pencil un crayon
briefcase un porte-documents pharmacist un pharmacien
bus l'autobus pilot le pilote
bus station la gare d'autobus plane ticket le billet d'avion
bus stop l'arrêt du bus plumber un plombier
butcher un boucher police officer un policier
calculator une calculatrice price le prix
car la voiture reading la lecture
carpenter un charpentier receptionist un(e) réception
cart un chariot round trip ticket un billet aller-r
cashier un caissier sailing la voile
cell phone un téléphone cellulaire school une école
chalk une craie secretary un(e) secrétair
chalkboard un tableau shuttle une navette
check-in l'enregistrement skiing le ski
chess les échecs soccer le football, le f
classroom une salle de classe steward un steward
college une université stewardess une hôtesse d
cook un chef student un étudiant
cooking la cuisine subway le métro
course un cours subway station la gare (or) sta
customs la douane swimming la natation
dancing la danse teacher un professeur
dentist un(e) dentiste telephone un téléphone
departures les départs television la télévision (la
desk un bureau tennis le tennis
dictionary un dictionnaire test un examen
doctor un médecin train le train
electrician un électricien train station la gare
email le courrier visa un visa
employee un(e) employé(e) waiter un serveur
engineer un ingénieur waitress une serveuse
eraser une gomme writer un écrivain
fireman un pompier
fishing la pêche
flight un vol
football le football américain
gate une porte
high school un lycée, un collège
hiking la randonnée
hockey le hockey
homework les devoirs
hunting la chasse
immigration l'immigration
jogging le jogging
lawyer un avocat
ADJECTIVE
Just like in English, French adjectives describe or modify nouns and pronouns, but
unlike English, French adjectives should agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and
number (singular or plural) with the noun or pronoun they modify. The feminine is
usually formed by adding an “-e” to the masculine form, for example: a big restaurant
= un grand restaurant/ a big house = une grande maison. (“house” in French is
feminine, so the adjective “big/ grand” will add an extra “e”)
To form adjectives in the plural usually an “s” should be added to the singular
masculine: the big restaurant: le grand restaurant, the big restaurants:
les grands restaurants. Remember that the feminine plural will take an “es”:
a big house = une grande maison, big houses: desgrandes maisons.
French adjectives usually follow the noun they modify: a white house: une
maison blanche. But when it comes to some characters like: beauty, age, good or bad,
and size usually the adjective comes first: (an old frined: un vieux ami),
(a beautiful girl: une jolie fille)
Some adjectives can be placed either before or after depending on the meaning:
un grand acteur: a great actor/ un acteur grand: a tall actor.
ADVERB
French Adverbs usually add (-ment) to their feminine adjective form, the equivalent
of (-ly) in English, for example: the adjective slow in French is (lent for masculine,
and lente for feminine) now we only need the feminine to form an adverb, we will
add (-ment) to it, so (slowly) would be (lentement). Easy!
Well there are some exceptions though, like if an adjective ends in an (i), then (-ment)
is added to the masculine singular form, instead of to the feminine singular
form: poli becomes poliment (politely)
If the adjective ends in (-ant) or (-ent), then the adverb ends in (-amment) or (-
emment) which will be added to the root, and not to the whole adjective:
récent becomes récemment (recently)
Some other adjectives make odd adverbs like: gentil becomes gentiment (nicely).
Just like in English, not all the time an adverb has (-ly) at the end. And so is the case
in French, some adverbs take an irregular form like:
bon becomes bien (well), mauvais becomes mal (badly).
The position of an adverb is almost like the position of an adjective sometimes it
comes before or after the element it modifies. An adverb that modifies an adjective or
adverb comes before that adjective or adverb. J'ai été immédiatement convaincu … (I
was immediately convinced…).
When the adverb is modifying a verb, it is placed after the verb: J’ai bien domi (I
slept well).
The list below contains many irregular adverbs as well as regular ones, but note that
the irregular adverbs are the most used, so they would come handy if you memorize
them by heart:
62. sur on, upon; over (preposition); sour (adjective) preposition, adjective
adverb, conjunction,
82. comment how; what
onomatopoeia
105. peu not much, not very, few; bit noun, adverb
108. ma my (used before a feminine singular noun) (see #27, 50) possessive adjective
117. mettre to put, put on, wear; languagedaily dot com verb
129. juste just, fair; just, right, accurate; french.languagedaily.com adjective, adverb
154. grand big, large, tall, great; big boy, big girl adjective, noun
191. rentrer to bring in, take in; to get in, go in, come home verb
192. nos our (plural) (see #114); languagedaily dot com possessive adjective
201. cet this, that (before vowel and mute h) (see #25, 73, 99) demonstrative adjective
207. salut greeting; Hi!, Hello!, Bye! (see #180) noun, onomatopoeia
229. elles they (refers to a group of feminine nouns or females) personal pronoun
249. puis next, then, besides, plus (in addition) conjunction, adverb
326. devant in front, ahead; in front of, ahead of, past, before preposition, adverb
330. pardon I'm sorry!, Excuse me!, Pardon?; forgiveness onomatopoeia, noun
345. celui the one, that one (singular masculine) (see #408, 543) demonstrative pronoun
348. loin far, a long way off, a long time ago adverb
354. leurs theirs (3rd person masculine or feminine plural) possessive adjective
399. aucune no, not any, in no way (see #349) indefinite adjective
444. passé past, last; the past, past tense adjective, noun
448. con stupid jerk, bloody idiot; damned, bloody, stupid noun, adjective
461. calme peace, calmness; quiet, calm (see #529) noun, adjective
527. remettre to put back; hand over; postpone; put back on verb
543. celle the one, that one (feminine singular) (see #345, 408) demonstrative pronoun
er">69
victime victim, casualty noun
0.
complètemen
691. completely, fully, in depth adverb
t