Physics Paper 1 TZ2 HL

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290 My A
Physics
Higher level
Paper 1
Thursday 28 April 2022 (morning)
1 hour
Instructions to candidates
y Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
y Answer all the questions.
y For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on
the answer sheet provided.
y A clean copy of the physics data booklet is required for this paper.
y The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].
2222 – 6513
22 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2022
–2– 2222 – 6513
Blank page
–3– 2222 – 6513
1. The radius of a circle is measured to be (10.0 ± 0.5) cm. What is the area of the circle?
A. (314.2 ± 0.3) cm2
B. (314 ± 1) cm2 If 59 10
C. (314 ± 15) cm2
D. (314 ± 31) cm2
2. Two different experiments, P and Q, generate two sets of data to confirm the proportionality
of variables x and y. The graphs for the data from P and Q are shown. The maximum and
minimum gradient lines are shown for both sets of data.
y P y Q
3.0 3.0
2.5 2.5
2.0 2.0
1.5 1.5
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 x 0 x
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
What is true about the systematic error and the uncertainty of the gradient when P is
compared to Q?
Systematic error Uncertainty of the gradient
É
A. larger for set P larger for set P
B. larger for set Q larger for set P
C. larger for set P larger for set Q
D. larger for set Q larger for set Q
Turn over
–4– 2222 – 6513
3. An object is sliding from rest down a frictionless inclined plane. The object slides 1.0 m during
the first second.
S Latz
29 43
1.0 m
Ia Im
What distance will the object slide during the next second?
A. 1.0 m
B. 2.0 m
6C. 3.0 m
D. 4.9 m
4. A ball is thrown upwards at time t = 0. The graph shows the variation with time of the height
of the ball. The ball returns to the initial height at time T.
height
0
0 t T time
What is the height h at time t ?
1 2
A. gt
2
1
B. gT 2
2
I
C.
D.
–5– 2222 – 6513
5. A solid metal ball is dropped from a tower. The variation with time of the velocity of the ball
is plotted.
velocity
0
0 time
A hollow metal ball with the same size and shape is dropped from the same tower. What graph
will represent the variation with time of the velocity for the hollow metal ball?
velocity
ugh fro A.
B. s
solid metal ball
C.
D.
0
0 time
Turn over
–6– 2222 – 6513
6. A rocket has just been launched vertically from Earth. The image shows the free-body
diagram of the rocket. F1 represents a larger force than F2 .
F1
F2
Which force pairs with F1 and which force pairs with F2 , according to Newton’s third law?
Force pair with F1 Force pair with F2
A. force of rocket on exhaust gases force of exhaust gases on rocket
O
B. force of rocket on exhaust gases gravitational force of rocket on Earth
C. gravitational force of Earth on rocket force of exhaust gases on rocket
D. gravitational force of Earth on rocket gravitational force of rocket on Earth
7. A book of mass m lies on top of a table of mass M that rolls freely along the ground.
The coefficient of friction between the book and the table is μ. A person is pushing the
rolling table.
What is the maximum acceleration of the table so that the book does not slide backwards
relative to the table?
m Man a
Mgp
M
A.
B. μ g
X
g
C.
m
D. μ g
M
–7– 2222 – 6513
8. Two blocks of different masses are released from identical springs of elastic constant
k = 100 Nm−1, initially compressed a distance ∆x = 0.1 m. Block X has a mass of 1 kg
and block Y has a mass of 0.25 kg.
What are the velocities of the blocks when they leave the springs?
A.
Velocity of block X
1.0 m s−1
Velocity of block Y
1.0 m s−1
tri
B. 2.0 m s−1 1.0 m s−1
C. 1.0 m s−1 2.0 m s−1

F mu
D. 2.0 m s−1 2.0 m s−1
I
9. What is true for an ideal gas?
nRT = NkBT art

A.
pr
B. nRT = kBT
ARE
C. RT = NkBT
K Ma R
D. RT = kBT
ne
Fa
10. Which assumption is part of the molecular kinetic model of ideal gases?
A. The work done on a system equals the change in kinetic energy of the system.
B. The volume of a gas results from adding the volume of the individual molecules.
E
C. A gas is made up of tiny identical particles in constant random motion.
D. All particles in a gas have kinetic and potential energy.
Turn over
–8– 2222 – 6513
11. Water at room temperature is placed in a freezer. The specific heat capacity of water is twice
the specific heat capacity of ice. Assume that thermal energy is transferred from the water at
a constant rate.
Which graph shows the variation with time of the temperature of the water?
I
A. T
a most
B. T
t t
C. T D. T
t t
12. A particle undergoes simple harmonic motion. Which quantities of the motion can be
simultaneously zero?
A. Displacement and velocity
B. Displacement and acceleration
C. Velocity and acceleration
D. Displacement, velocity and acceleration

–9– 2222 – 6513
13. A wave travels along a string. Graph M shows the variation with time of the displacement of
a point X on the string. Graph N shows the variation with distance of the displacement of
the string. PQ and RS are marked on the graphs.
Graph M
displacement
P Q time
Graph N
displacement
R S
distance
What is the speed of the wave?
PQ
A.
RS
B. PQ × RS
RS I
C.
PQ
1
D.
PQ × RS
Turn over
– 10 – 2222 – 6513
3 4
14. The refractive index of glass is and the refractive index of water is . What is the critical
2 3
angle for light travelling from glass to water?
 1
A. sin−1  
2
2
B. sin−1  
3
C.
3
sin−1  
4
sins I É
6
D.
8
sin−1  
9
15. Unpolarized light with an intensity of 320 W m−2 goes through a polarizer and an analyser,
originally aligned parallel.
polarizer analyser
3
The analyser is rotated through an angle θ = 30°. Cos 30° = .
2
polarizer analyser
(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 15 continued)
What is the intensity of the light emerging from the analyser?
A. 120 W m−2
B. 80 3 W m−2
C. 240 W m−2
D. 160 3 W m−2
16. Four particles, two of charge +Q and two of charge −Q, are positioned on the x-axis as shown.
A particle P with a positive charge is placed on the y-axis. What is the direction of the net
electrostatic force on this particle?
y
A.
D. B.
+P
C.
x
−Q −Q +Q +Q
17. A battery of negligible internal resistance is connected to a lamp. A second identical lamp is
added in series. What is the change in potential difference across the first lamp and what is
the change in the output power of the battery?
Change in potential difference Output power of battery
A. decreases decreases
B.E decreases increases
C. no change decreases
D. no change increases
Turn over
– 12 – 2222 – 6513
18. A circuit consists of a cell of emf E = 3.0 V and four resistors connected as shown.
Resistors R1 and R4 are 1.0 Ω and resistors R2 and R3 are 2.0 Ω.
What is the voltmeter reading?
R1 = 1.0 Ω R2 = 2.0 Ω
E = 3.0 V
V
R3 = 2.0 Ω R4 = 1.0 Ω
A. 0.50 V
B. 1.0 V
C. 1.5 V
D. 2.0 V
19. The coil of a direct current electric motor is turning with a period T. At t = 0 the coil is in the
position shown in the diagram. Assume the magnetic field is uniform across the coil.
Which graph shows the variation with time of the force exerted on section XY of the coil
during one complete turn?

– 13 – 2222 – 6513
A. force B. force
T time T time
C. force D. force
T time T time
20. A satellite is orbiting Earth in a circular path at constant speed. Three statements about the
resultant force on the satellite are:
I. It is equal to the gravitational force of attraction on the satellite.
E II.
III.
It is equal to the mass of the satellite multiplied by its acceleration.
It is equal to the centripetal force on the satellite.
Which combination of statements is correct?
A. I and II only
X
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
Turn over
– 14 – 2222 – 6513
21. An astronaut is orbiting Earth in a spaceship. Why does the astronaut experience weightlessness?
A. The astronaut is outside the gravitational field of Earth.
6
B.
C.
The acceleration of the astronaut is the same as the acceleration of the spaceship.
The spaceship is travelling at a high speed tangentially to the orbit.
D. The gravitational field is zero at that point.
22. White light is emitted from a hot filament. The light passes through hydrogen gas at low
pressure and then through a diffraction grating onto a screen. A pattern of lines against
a background appears on the screen.
background
lines
i
What is the appearance of the lines and background on the screen?
Lines Background
k
A. dark black
B. white coloured
C. white black
8
D. dark coloured
23. Three statements about electrons are:
I. Electrons interact through virtual photons.

II. Electrons interact through gluons.
I III. Electrons interact through particles W and Z.
Which statements identify the particles mediating the forces experienced by electrons?
A. I and II only
ii
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
– 15 – 2222 – 6513
24. A neutron is absorbed by a nucleus of uranium-235( 235

92 U). One possible outcome is the
production of two nuclides, barium-144(144
56 Ba) and krypton-89( 89
36 Kr).
How many neutrons are released in this reaction?
44897
A. 0
236
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
25. A radioactive nuclide X decays into a nuclide Y. The graph shows the variation with time of
the activity A of X. X and Y have the same nucleon number.
0
time
0 t 2t 3t 4t 5t 6t
What is true about nuclide X?
A. alpha (α) emitter with a half-life of t
B. alpha (α) emitter with a half-life of 2t
C. beta-minus (β−) emitter with a half-life of t
D. beta-minus (β−) emitter with a half-life of 2t
Turn over
– 16 – 2222 – 6513
26. Photovoltaic cells and solar heating panels are used to transfer the electromagnetic energy
of the Sun’s rays into other forms of energy. What is the form of energy into which solar
energy is transferred in photovoltaic cells and solar heating panels?
Photovoltaic cells Solar heating panels
A. electrical energy thermal energy
B. thermal energy thermal energy
C. electrical energy electrical energy
D. thermal energy electrical energy
27. Three statements about fossil fuels are:
I. There is a finite amount of fossil fuels on Earth.

II. The transfer of energy from fossil fuels increases the concentration of CO2
in the atmosphere.
III. The geographic distribution of fossil fuels is uneven and has led to
economic inequalities.
Which statements justify the development of alternative energy sources?
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
28. The age of the Earth is about 4.5 × 109 years.
What area of physics provides experimental evidence for this conclusion?
A. Newtonian mechanics
B. Optics
C. Radioactivity
D. Electromagnetism
– 17 – 2222 – 6513
29. A simple pendulum has a time period T on the Earth. The pendulum is taken to the Moon
1
where the gravitational field strength is that of the Earth.
6
What is the time period of the pendulum on the Moon?
O
A.
B.
T 6
T AT
6
C. T
6
T
D.
6
30. In two different experiments, white light is passed through a single slit and then is either
refracted through a prism or diffracted with a diffraction grating. The prism produces a band
of colours from M to N. The diffraction grating produces a first order spectrum P to Q.
P
Q
diffraction
grating
M
prism N
What are the colours observed at M and P? I
M P
A. red red
B. red violet
C. violet red
D. violet violet
Turn over
– 18 – 2222 – 6513
31. A train is sounding its whistle when approaching a train station. Three statements about the
sound received by a stationary observer at the station are:
I. The frequency received is higher than the frequency emitted by the train.
II. The wavelength received is longer than the wavelength emitted by the train.
III. The speed of the sound received is not affected by the motion of the train.
Which combination of statements is correct?
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
32. Two positive and two negative charges are located at the corners of a square as shown.
Point X is the centre of the square. What is the value of the electric field E and the electric
potential V at X due to the four charges?
+Q −Q
−Q +Q
Electric field E at X Electric potential V at X
A. E=0 V=0
B. E≠0 V=0
I
C. E=0 V≠0
D. E≠0 V≠0
– 19 – 2222 – 6513
33. The graph shows the variation with distance r of the electric potential V from a charge Q.
E
If
i
0 r
0 s
What is the electric field strength at distance s?
A. The area under the graph between s and infinity
B. The area under the graph between 0 and s
C. The gradient of the tangent at s
D. The negative of the gradient of the tangent at s
34. Which two features are necessary for the operation of a transformer?
Feature one Feature two
X
electrical connection between
A. input of alternating current
primary and secondary coils
magnetic interaction between

B. input of alternating current
electrical connection between

C. input of direct current
magnetic interaction between

D. input of direct current
Turn over
– 20 – 2222 – 6513
35. A conducting bar with vertices PQRS is moving vertically downwards with constant velocity v
through a horizontal magnetic field B that is directed into the plane of the page.
P Q B
S R
Which side of the bar will have the greatest density of electrons?
A. PQ
B. QR
C. RS
D. SP
36. A circuit consists of three identical capacitors of capacitance C and a battery of voltage V.
Two capacitors are connected in parallel with a third in series. The capacitors are fully charged.
Z 2C
X
E
Y
What is the charge stored in capacitors X and Z?
Charge stored in capacitor Z Charge stored in capacitor X

CV CV
A.
3 3
CV 2CV
8
B.
3 3
2CV CV
C.
3 3
2CV 2CV
D.
3 3
– 21 – 2222 – 6513
37. Three correct statements about the behaviour of electrons are:
I. An electron beam is used to investigate the structure of crystals.

II. An electron beam produces a pattern of fringes when sent through
two narrow parallel slits.
III. Electromagnetic radiation ejects electrons from the surface of a metal.
Which statements are explained using the wave-like properties of electrons?
A. I and II only
8 X
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
38. Samples of two radioactive nuclides X and Y are held in a container. The number of particles
of X is half the number of particles of Y. The half-life of X is twice the half-life of Y.
activity of radioisotope X
What is the initial value of ?
activity of radioisotope Y
1
A.
4
X
1
B.
2
C. 1
D. 4
39. The dashed line represents the variation with incident electromagnetic frequency f of the
kinetic energy EK of the photoelectrons ejected from a metal surface. The metal surface is
then replaced with one that requires less energy to remove an electron from the surface.
Which graph of the variation of EK with f will be observed?
EK
G A. B. C. D.
X
f
Turn over
– 22 – 2222 – 6513
2 P r 
40. Which graph shows a possible probability density function   for a given wave
V
function Ψ of an electron?
2 2
A. B.
distance time
2 2
C. D.
distance time
References:

All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced in any form or by any
electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems,
without the prior written permission from the IB. Additionally, the license tied with this
product prohibits use of any selected files or extracts from this product. Use by third
parties, including but not limited to publishers, private teachers, tutoring or study services,
preparatory schools, vendors operating curriculum mapping services or teacher resource
digital platforms and app developers, whether fee-covered or not, is prohibited and is a
criminal offense.
More information on how to request written permission in the form of a license can be
obtained from https://ibo.org/become-an-ib-school/ib-publishing/licensing/applying-for-a-
license/.
© Organisation du Baccalauréat International 2022
Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de ce produit ne peut être reproduite sous quelque
forme ni par quelque moyen que ce soit, électronique ou mécanique, y compris des
systèmes de stockage et de récupération d’informations, sans l’autorisation écrite
préalable de l’IB. De plus, la licence associée à ce produit interdit toute utilisation de tout
fichier ou extrait sélectionné dans ce produit. L’utilisation par des tiers, y compris, sans
toutefois s’y limiter, des éditeurs, des professeurs particuliers, des services de tutorat ou
d’aide aux études, des établissements de préparation à l’enseignement supérieur, des
fournisseurs de services de planification des programmes d’études, des gestionnaires de
plateformes pédagogiques en ligne, et des développeurs d’applications, moyennant
paiement ou non, est interdite et constitue une infraction pénale.
Pour plus d’informations sur la procédure à suivre pour obtenir une autorisation écrite
sous la forme d’une licence, rendez-vous à l’adresse https://ibo.org/become-an-ib-school/
ib-publishing/licensing/applying-for-a-license/.
© Organización del Bachillerato Internacional, 2022
Todos los derechos reservados. No se podrá reproducir ninguna parte de este producto
de ninguna forma ni por ningún medio electrónico o mecánico, incluidos los sistemas de
almacenamiento y recuperación de información, sin la previa autorización por escrito del
IB. Además, la licencia vinculada a este producto prohíbe el uso de todo archivo o
fragmento seleccionado de este producto. El uso por parte de terceros —lo que incluye,
a título enunciativo, editoriales, profesores particulares, servicios de apoyo académico o
ayuda para el estudio, colegios preparatorios, desarrolladores de aplicaciones y
entidades que presten servicios de planificación curricular u ofrezcan recursos para
docentes mediante plataformas digitales—, ya sea incluido en tasas o no, está prohibido
y constituye un delito.
En este enlace encontrará más información sobre cómo solicitar una autorización por
escrito en forma de licencia: https://ibo.org/become-an-ib-school/ib-publishing/licensing/
applying-for-a-license/.
Physics
Higher level
Paper 2
Thursday 28 April 2022 (morning)

Candidate session number
2 hours 15 minutes
Instructions to candidates
y Write your session number in the boxes above.
y Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
y Answer all questions.
y Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
y A calculator is required for this paper.
y A clean copy of the physics data booklet is required for this paper.
y The maximum mark for this examination paper is [90 marks].
2222 – 6514
27 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2022
28EP01
–2– 2222 – 6514
Please do not write on this page.
Answers written on this page

will not be marked.
28EP02
–3– 2222 – 6514
Answer all questions. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
1. Airboats are used for transport across a river. To move the boat forward, air is propelled from
the back of the boat by a fan blade.
side view
bank rope fan blade river
top view
An airboat has a fan blade of radius 1.8 m. This fan can propel air with a maximum speed
relative to the boat of 20 m s−1. The density of air is 1.2 kg m−3.
(a) Outline why a force acts on the airboat due to the fan blade. [3]
. .It
. . . . . is due
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the
. . . . . . . . . . . . .third . . . . . . . . . . . .which
. . . . . . . . . . . .newton
. . . . . . . law
of .........
. .States . . . . . . . . exist
. . . . . . . . . . . .forces
. . . . . . that . . . . . . . . .on paris and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .the
pair of
................
. . . . . . . . . by
. . . . . .the . . . . blade . . . . . . . that
boat
. . .the
. . . . . . .air
. . . . . pushed . . . . .fan . . . . . .the
. . . . . . . . . is . . . . . art ........
. . . . . . . . . . . it
. . . .pushes . . . back . . . . . . . . . the
. . . . . . . . . hence ......................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
Turn over
28EP03
–4– 2222 – 6514
(b) In a test the airboat is tied to the river bank with a rope normal to the bank. The fan
propels the air at its maximum speed. There is no wind.
(i) Show that a mass of about 240 kg of air moves through the fan every second. [2]
..........................................................................
Ark 1.2 20 29982
..........................................................................
90kg511
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(ii) Show that the tension in the rope is about 5 kN. [1]
. . . . . . . 28
Te F
MI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
488025080J
..........................................................................
..................................
(c) The rope is untied and the airboat moves away from the bank. The variation with time t
of the speed v of the airboat is shown for the motion.
v / m s−1
20
18
16
14
12
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 t / s
28EP04
–5– 2222 – 6514
(i) Explain why the airboat has a maximum speed under these conditions. [2]
Because after some point as it is directly proportional to the velocity, the drag force caused by the air and water will
equal .the
. .force
. . . .exerted
. . . . .by
. .the
. . fan
. . .blade,
. . . . leading
. . . . . the
. . .boat
. . .to. .reach
. . . .terminal
. . . . . velocity.
.............................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
I
(ii) Estimate the distance the airboat travels to reach its maximum speed. [2]
520 meters
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(iii) Deduce the mass of the airboat. [3]
an
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16000
............................................................
89
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
Turn over
28EP05
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will not be marked.
28EP06
–7– 2222 – 6514
2. A fixed mass of an ideal gas is contained in a cylinder closed with a frictionless piston.
The volume of the gas is 2.5 × 10−3 m3 when the temperature of the gas is 37 °C and the
pressure of the gas is 4.0 × 105 Pa.
(a) Calculate the number of gas particles in the cylinder. [2]
. . . . . .ok
. . . . . . . .PV . . . .37
. . .17737
.....................................................
. . . . . .0,388
. . . . . . . . .Me . . . . . 6.0711823
. . . . .mole . . . . . . .623
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.34 .............................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(b) Energy is now supplied to the gas and the piston moves to allow the gas to expand.
The temperature is held constant.
Discuss, for this process, the changes that occur in the
(i) density of the gas. [2]
. . . . . .Reereases . . . . . .d. . . . . . . . . .and

. . . . . . . . . .u. . .increases
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .as
I ....................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(ii) internal energy of the gas. [2]
Ne
. . . . . . . . . .Ea . . . . . . . .K. . .T
. . . . . .Ne ...............................................
. . . . . . . . . constant
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stays .................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
Turn over
28EP07
–8– 2222 – 6514
3. A loudspeaker emits sound waves of frequency f towards a metal plate that reflects the waves.
A small microphone is moved along the line from the metal plate to the loudspeaker. The intensity
of sound detected at the microphone as it moves varies regularly between maximum and
minimum values.
loudspeaker microphone metal plate
The speed of sound in air is 340 m s−1.
(a) (i) Explain the variation in intensity. [3]
The incident wave and the reflected wave, which both have the same amplitude superpose, creating a standing
..........................................................................
wave. This standing wave has its nodes, where the waves interfered destructively leading to minimum intensity and
antinodes,
. . . . . .where
. . . .the
. . waves
. . . . .interfered
. . . . . . .constructively
. . . . . . . . . leading
. . . . . to
. . maximum
. . . . . . . intensity.
...........................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(ii) Adjacent minima are separated by a distance of 0.12 m. Calculate f . [2]
. .IE
. . . . . . . . . . . . 1417 Mz
..............................................................
. . . .3 ....................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
28EP08
–9– 2222 – 6514
(b) The metal plate is replaced by a wooden plate that reflects a lower intensity sound
wave than the metal plate.
State and explain the differences between the sound intensities detected by the same
microphone with the metal plate and the wooden plate. [3]
The frequency, wavelength and wave speed remain constant while the amplitude of the reflected wave is decreased.
..........................................................................
Considering
. . . . . .that
. . .intensity
. . . . . .is. proportional
. . . . . . . . .to. the
. . .square
. . . . .of. amplitude,
. . . . . . . .the
. .intensity
. . . . . .is. .drastically
. . . . . . .decreased.
..............
Therefore,
. . . . .the
. . nodes
. . . . have
. . . .higher
. . . . intensity
. . . . . . compared
. . . . . . . to
. .the
. . initial
. . . . .setting
. . . . while
. . . . the
. . .intensity
. . . . . .of. .the
. .antinodes
. . . . . . .are
.....
. . . . .While
decreased. . . . . the
. . .intensities
. . . . . . .change,
. . . . .as. .the
. . frequency
. . . . . . . and
. . .wavelength
. . . . . . . .stay
. . .constant,
. . . . . .the
. . position
. . . . . . of
. .the
. . nodes
.......
. . .antinodes
and the . . . . . . remain
. . . . . the
. . .same.
.........................................................
..........................................................................
Turn over
28EP09
– 10 – 2222 – 6514
4. (a) Identify the laws of conservation that are represented by Kirchhoff’s circuit laws. [2]
1st
. . . . . . . . . . charge
................................................................
. . . . and
......................................................................
energy
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(b) A cell is connected to an ideal voltmeter, a switch S and a resistor R. The resistance
of R is 4.0 Ω.
R
S 4.0
When S is open the reading on the voltmeter is 12 V. When S is closed the voltmeter
reads 8.0 V.
(i) State the emf of the cell. [1]
12N
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(ii) Deduce the internal resistance of the cell. [2]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .V
. . . . . . . . .8 IR 4
...............................................................
. . . . . .8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . .4.............................
..........................................................................
28EP10
– 11 – 2222 – 6514
(c) The voltmeter is used in another circuit that contains two secondary cells.
cell A
1.0
10 V
AN
V RV
cell B
IN
2.0
4.0 V
Cell A has an emf of 10 V and an internal resistance of 1.0 Ω. Cell B has an emf of 4.0 V
and an internal resistance of 2.0 Ω.
(i) Calculate the reading on the voltmeter. [3]
..........................................................................
RA
10,1
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. .2. . . . 2
6 ....................................................
12
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8V
. . . . . .2
........................................................
(ii) Comment on the implications of your answer to (c)(i) for cell B. [1]
how all B
It
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .shows
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .discharges
..........................
..........................................................................
(This question continues on page 13)
Turn over
28EP11
– 12 – 2222 – 6514

will not be marked.
28EP12
– 13 – 2222 – 6514
(d) Electricity can be generated using renewable resources.
(i) Outline why electricity is a secondary energy source. [1]
. . . . . . . . . . . it
. . . . . . . Beamed . . .is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . from
. . . . produced . . . . . . . . .Eomething
..........................
..........................................................................
(ii) Some fuel sources are renewable. Outline what is meant by renewable. [1]
. . . . . . . . . . The
. . . . . . rate of . . . . . . . . . . . . .the
. . . . . . . . . .production of ........B
. . . . . . wave .....................
rate of
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spending
..........................................................
Manos
(e) (i) A fully charged cell of emf 6.0 V delivers a constant current of 5.0 A for a time of
0.25 hour until it is completely discharged.
The cell is then re-charged by a rectangular solar panel of dimensions

0.40 m × 0.15 m at a place where the maximum intensity of sunlight
is 380 W m−2.
The overall efficiency of the re-charging process is 18 %.
Calculate the minimum time required to re-charge the cell fully. [3]
. . . .0. . 4
. . .0.15 . . . . . . . 228
. . . . . .380 ....................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . .127W
238 30 N
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . 5
. . . . . . . . . . . .0.25h
.................................
..........................................................................
By Ish
..........................................................................
tn
nmteL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e. . . . .1. . . . . . . . . 6
..............
..........................................................................
(ii) Outline why research into solar cell technology is important to society. [1]
. . . . . . . . . . .it . . . renewable
. . . . . . .Because . . . is
......a . . . . . . . . . . . . .some
thats
...............................
. .efficient . . . . . . . . . . . .to
. . . . . . . . . . . compared . . . renewable
. . . . .non .........................................
sources mkay
Turn over
28EP13
– 14 – 2222 – 6514
5. An experiment is carried out to determine the count rate, corrected for background radiation,
when different thicknesses of copper are placed between a radioactive source and a detector.
The graph shows the variation of corrected count rate with copper thickness.
1200
corrected count rate / count minute−1

1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
copper thickness / mm
(a) Outline how the count rate was corrected for background radiation. [1]
. . . . . .The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vertically
. . . . . . . .graph . . . . . . . . . .downwardef
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shifted ...................
was
..........................................................................
(b) When a single piece of thin copper foil is placed between the source and detector,
the count rate is 810 count minute−1. The foil is replaced with one that has three
times the thickness. Estimate the new count rate. [2]
l
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390 . . . . . . .minute
. . . . .count ...............................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
28EP14
– 15 – 2222 – 6514
(c) Further results were obtained in this experiment with copper and lead absorbers.
Thickness Corrected count rate

Absorber
/ mm / count minute−1
copper 3.5 32
lead 3.5 10
Comment on the radiation detected from this radioactive source. [4]
Lead
. . . .absorbed
. . . . . .more
. . . .than
. . .copper.
. . . . . Considering
. . . . . . . . that
. . . copper
. . . . . could
. . . . not
. . .stop
. . .as. .rigidly
. . . . as
. . lead
. . . did,
. . . it. can
. . . be
. .assumed
. . . . . . that the
. . . . . . source
radiation . . . . .might
. . . . be
. .gamma.
. . . . . .Moreover,
. . . . . . .it. is. .known
. . . . for
. . .sure
. . .that
. . .the
. . source
. . . . .is. not
. . .alpha
. . . .since
. . . alpha
. . . . wouldn’t
. . . . . . be
. . . pass
able . . . through
. . . . . .neither
. . . . .copper
. . . . .nor
. . lead.
..................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
I
(d) Another radioactive source consists of a nuclide of caesium (137

55 Cs) that decays to
137
barium ( 56 Ba).
Write down the reaction for this decay. [2]
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
Turn over
28EP15
– 16 – 2222 – 6514
6. An experiment to investigate simple harmonic motion consists of a mass oscillating at the

end of a vertical spring.
spring
mass
motion sensor
The mass oscillates vertically above a motion sensor that measures the speed of the mass.
Test 1 is carried out with a 1.0 kg mass and spring of spring constant k1. Test 2 is a repeat of
the experiment with a 4.0 kg mass and spring of spring constant k2.
The variation with time of the vertical speed of the masses, for one cycle of the oscillation,
is shown for each test.
speed / m s−1
10
test 2
8
6
test 1
4
0
0 time / s
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
−2
−4
−6
−8
−10
28EP16
– 17 – 2222 – 6514
(a) (i) Calculate the frequency of the oscillation for both tests. [1]
18 1.25
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
k1
(ii) Deduce . [2]
k2
..........................................................................
IEEE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(iii) Determine the amplitude of oscillation for test 1. [2]
to neat
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . 0.61
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,25 .................................................
go
..........................................................................
Turn over
28EP17
– 18 – 2222 – 6514
(iv) In test 2, the maximum elastic potential energy Ep stored in the spring is 44 J.
When t = 0 the value of Ep for test 2 is zero.
Sketch, on the axes, the variation with time of Ep for test 2. [2]
Ep / J
50
40
30
20
10 Mr
0
0 t/s
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
−10
−20
−30
−40
−50
28EP18
– 19 – 2222 – 6514
(b) The motion sensor operates by detecting the sound waves reflected from the base of
the mass. The sensor compares the frequency detected with the frequency emitted
when the signal returns.
The sound frequency emitted by the sensor is 35 kHz. The speed of sound is 340 m s−1.
Determine the maximum frequency change detected by the sensor for test 2. [4]
..........................................................................
Eu 836kHz
..........................................................................
f
t
..........................................................................
y
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . .36442 cuz
. . . . . . . . . .35kHz
....................................................
Ea
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
Turn over
28EP19
– 20 – 2222 – 6514
7. A metal sphere is charged positively and placed far away from other charged objects.
The electric potential at a point on the surface of the sphere is 53.9 kV.
(a) Outline what is meant by electric potential at a point. [2]
..........................................................................
to its . . . . . . . . . .from
. . . . . . . . . . . position .....................................................
infinity
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(b) The electric potential at a point a distance 2.8 m from the centre of the sphere is 7.71 kV.
Determine the radius of the sphere. E [2]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0
53.9 103 7.71 ........................
4 28kg
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6
. . . . . . . . 17.7
. . . . . . . r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53.91
r a 47m
28EP20
– 21 – 2222 – 6514
(c) A small positively charged object moves towards the centre of the metal sphere.
When the object is 2.8 m from the centre of the sphere, its speed is 3.1 m s−1.
The mass of the object is 0.14 g and its charge is 2.4 × 10−8 C.
(i) Comment on the angle at which the object meets equipotential surfaces around
the sphere. [1]
. . . . . . . . .Perpendicularly
.................................................................
..........................................................................
(ii) Show that the kinetic energy of the object is about 0.7 mJ. [1]
. . . . . . . . 328.7m
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.67118
Imo ................................................
..........................................................................
(iii) Determine whether the object will reach the surface of the sphere. [3]
g9
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . .2.0007
. . . . . .2. 10 ...........................................................
. . . will
. . . . .it
. . . . . . . . . . . . .so . . . . .reach
................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
Turn over
28EP21
– 22 – 2222 – 6514
8. A fixed horizontal coil is connected to an ideal voltmeter. A bar magnet is released from rest
so that it falls vertically through the coil along the central axis of the coil.
S
bar magnet
N
coil voltmeter
The variation with time t of the emf induced in the coil is shown.
induced emf / mV Kohogmiton

4
Ben grafrgin yorumlemmasinder
0
t
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
28EP22
– 23 – 2222 – 6514
(a) (i) Write down the maximum magnitude of the rate of change of flux linked
with the coil. [1]
..........................................................................
5mV
..........................................................................
(ii) State the fundamental SI unit for your answer to (a)(i). [1]
qq.e.gg nq y
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(b) (i) Explain why the graph becomes negative. [3]
. . . . . . Because the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .the

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .direction
of force
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . changes
............
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(ii) Part of the graph is above the t-axis and part is below. Outline why the areas
between the t-axis and the curve for these two parts are likely to be the same. [2]
. . . . . .Because
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conservation
.....................................................
of of energy
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(This question continues on page 25)
Turn over
28EP23
– 24 – 2222 – 6514

will not be marked.
28EP24
– 25 – 2222 – 6514
(c) Predict the changes to the graph when the magnet is dropped from a lower height
above the coil. [3]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wh
..........................................................
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
Turn over
28EP25
– 26 – 2222 – 6514
9. In an experiment a beam of electrons with energy 440 MeV are incident on oxygen-16 (168 O)
nuclei. The variation with scattering angle of the relative intensity of the scattered electrons
is shown.
relative intensity of
scattered electrons
scattering angle / °
30 40 50 60 70 80
(a) (i) Identify a property of electrons demonstrated by this experiment. [1]
Ware nature
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
(ii) Show that the energy E of each electron in the beam is about 7 × 10−11 J. [1]
40 . . . . 18
. . . . 1.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 . . . . . . . . 7.04 118 . . . . . . . . .T
. . . . . . .18 5
. . . .7. . . 2
..................
..........................................................................
28EP26
– 27 – 2222 – 6514
hc
(iii) The de Broglie wavelength for an electron is given by . Show that the diameter
of an oxygen-16 nucleus is about 4 fm. E [3]
15
. . . . . . . 10
4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.89
2 ......................................................
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . sin
..............................................................
..........................................................................
....2
. . . . . . . . . .D. . .Fine 5 . . . . .15
. . . . . . . . . 3.95 . . tonfm
.........................................
..........................................................................
(b) Estimate, using the result in (a)(iii), the volume of a tin-118 (118
50 Sn) nucleus. State your
answer to an appropriate number of significant figures. [4]
ÉÉ
. . . . . .R ROA
....................................................................
..........................................................................
Fhl've
.......................................................................... qq.ro
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
r
III ra
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I. . .2.47 . . .4322
. . . . . 10
93
. . . . . . .10
.............
..........................................................................
References:
28EP27

will not be marked.
28EP28

Physics Paper 1 TZ2 HL

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© International Baccalaureate Organization 2022

© Organisation du Baccalauréat International 2022

© Organización del Bachillerato Internacional, 2022

Thursday 28 April 2022 (morning)

A. (314.2 ± 0.3) cm2

C. (314 ± 15) cm2

D. (314 ± 31) cm2

Systematic error Uncertainty of the gradient

B. larger for set Q larger for set P

C. larger for set P larger for set Q

D. larger for set Q larger for set Q

What is the height h at time t ?

Force pair with F1 Force pair with F2

A. force of rocket on exhaust gases force of exhaust gases on rocket

C. gravitational force of Earth on rocket force of exhaust gases on rocket

D. gravitational force of Earth on rocket gravitational force of rocket on Earth

C. 1.0 m s−1 2.0 m s−1

nRT = NkBT art

D. All particles in a gas have kinetic and potential energy.

A. Displacement and velocity

B. Displacement and acceleration

C. Velocity and acceleration

D. Displacement, velocity and acceleration

What is the speed of the wave?

(This question continues on the following page)

What is the intensity of the light emerging from the analyser?

Change in potential difference Output power of battery

B.E decreases increases

What is the voltmeter reading?

(This question continues on the following page)

I. It is equal to the gravitational force of attraction on the satellite.

Which combination of statements is correct?

C. II and III only

A. The astronaut is outside the gravitational field of Earth.

The spaceship is travelling at a high speed tangentially to the orbit.

D. The gravitational field is zero at that point.

23. Three statements about electrons are:

I. Electrons interact through virtual photons.

I III. Electrons interact through particles W and Z.

C. II and III only

24. A neutron is absorbed by a nucleus of uranium-235( 235

How many neutrons are released in this reaction?

What is true about nuclide X?

A. alpha (α) emitter with a half-life of t

B. alpha (α) emitter with a half-life of 2t

C. beta-minus (β−) emitter with a half-life of t

D. beta-minus (β−) emitter with a half-life of 2t

Photovoltaic cells Solar heating panels

A. electrical energy thermal energy

B. thermal energy thermal energy

C. electrical energy electrical energy

D. thermal energy electrical energy

27. Three statements about fossil fuels are:

I. There is a finite amount of fossil fuels on Earth.

Which statements justify the development of alternative energy sources?

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

28. The age of the Earth is about 4.5 × 109 years.

What area of physics provides experimental evidence for this conclusion?