Capitolul I

1. a) C : H : O = 18 : 3 : 8

18
C:
=1,5 C:3
12

1
H:
=1 : 0,5 H:2 => (C3H2O)n
1

8
O:
=0,5 O:1
16

b) C : H : N = 18 : 5 : 14

18
C:
=1,5
12

5
H:
=5 => (C1,5H5N)n
1

14
N:
=1
14

c) C : H = 6 : 1

6
C:
=0,5
12 => (C0,5H)n

1
H:
=1
1

2. 1 mol CO2 . . . 22,4dm3 . . . 12g C

=> mC =
3
3,36 dm . . . 1,8g
mC

1 mol H2O . . . 22,4dm3 . . . 18g H2O . . . 2g H

=> mH =
3,24g H 2O . . . mH
0,36g
mO = msubst mC mH = 3,12 1,8 0,36 = 0,96g
 1,8
C:
=0,5 C : 2,5
12

0,36
H:
=0,36 : 0,06 H:6 => (C2,5H6O)n
1

0,96
O:
=0,06 O:1
16

M (C =104
2,5 H 6 O) n => (12 * 2,5 + 6*1 + 16) * n = 104 <=> 52n = 104 => n = 2

=> C5H12O2

N.E. = 0
H 2 C=CH 2=CH 2=CH 2=CH 2

OH OH

M
3
. d aer= = M =2,9128,9=84 g /mol
28,9

1 mol CO2 . . . 44g CO2 . . . 22,4L . . . 12g C

2,688L . . . m C

=> mH = msubst mc = 1,68 1,44 => mH = 0,24g

1,44
C:
=0,12 C:1
12 : 0,12 =>
(C1H2)n
0,24
H:
=0,24 H:2
1

M (C H ) =84 2 n => 14n = 84 => n=6 => C6H12

M
4.
dN = => M = 2,1 * 28 = 58,8g/mol
2
28

1 mol CO2 . . . 22,4dm3 . . . 12g C

=> mC =
0,72g
 1,344dm 3 . . . mC

1 mol H2O . . . 22,4L H2O . . . 2g H

=> mH =
2,016L H 2O . 0,18g
. . mH

1 mol N2 . . . 22,4L N2 . . . 28g

=> mN =
0,224L N 2 . 0,28g
. . mN

0,72
C:
=0,06 C:3
12

0,18
H:
=0,18 : 0,02 H:9 => (C3H9N)n
1

0,28
N:
=0,02 N:1
14

(12 * 3 + 9 + 14) * n = 59 => n = 1 => C 3H9N

5. 1 mol CO2 . . . 44g CO2 . . . 12g C

=> mC =
1,76g CO 2 . .0,48g
. mC

1 mol AgCl . . . 143,5g . . . 35,5g Cl

=> mCl =
2,87g . . . m 0,71g
Cl

mH = msubst mC mH = 1,27 0,48 0,71 = 0,08g

0,48
C:
=004 C:2
12

0,08
H:
=0,08 : 0,02 H:4 => (C2H4Cl)n
1

0,71
Cl :
=0,02 Cl : 1
35,5

M (C H =127
2 4 Cl)n => (24 + 4 + 35,5)*n = 127 => 63,5n = 127 => n = 2 =>
C4H8Cl2
 H 2 C=C H 2 =C H 2=C H 2

Cl Cl

6. 1 mol CO . . . 22,4dm3 CO . . . 12g C

=> m1C =
2,016dm 3 CO . . . m1C
1,08g
1 mol CO2 . . . 22,4dm3 CO2. . . 12g C
=> m2C =
3,36 dm 3 CO2 . .1,8g
. m2C

mc = m1C + m2C => mC = 2,88g

1 mol H2O . . . 18g H2O . . . 2g H

4,86g H 2O . . . mH

mO = 4,38 2,88 0,54 => mO = 0,96

2,88
C:
=0,24 C:4
12

0,54
H:
=0,54 : 0,06 H:9 => (C4H9O)n
1

0,96
O:
=0,06 O:1
16

M (C =146
4 H9 O )n => (48 + 9 + 16)*n = 146 => n=2 => C8H18O2

7. 1dm3 CxHy . . . 2,5g CxHy

=> M= 56
22,4 dm3 CxHy . . . M
g/mol

0,2 moli 35,2 g

2 CX H y 4 x + y2 xC O
+
O2 2 + yH 2O
2 moli 2
2 x44 g
 M C H =56
=> x=4 ; 4 y => 48 + y = 56 => y = 8 => C4H8

H 2 CCH C H 2C H 3

8. 6g C . . . 1g H . . . 8g O . . . 15g subst .

mC . . . mH . . . mO . . . 600g subst.

mC = 24 => 2 atomi de C

mH = 4 => 4 atomi de H => C 2H4O2

mO = 32 => 2 atomi de O

M substanta
9. daer = 28,9 => M = 28,9 * 2,49 => M = 72g/mol

1 mol CO2 . . . 22,4dm3 . . . 12g C

=> mC =
1,792dm 3 CO2 . .0,96g
. mC

1 mol H2O . . . 18g H2O . . . 2g H

=> mH =
1,44g H 2O . .0,16g
. mH

mO = 1,44 0,96 0,16 => mO = 0,32g

0,96
C:
=0,08 C:4
12

0,16
H:
=0,16 : 0,02 H:9 => (C4H8O)n
1

0,32
O:
=0,02 O:1
16

M (C 4 H8 O )n = 72; (12*4 + 8 + 16) * n = 72 => n =1 => C4H8O

mC 124
%C = 100= 100=66,66
M subst 72
 mH 8
%H = 100= 100=11,11 H 3 CCC H 2C H 3
M subst 72
O
mO 16
%O = 100= 100=22.22
M subst 72

Capitolul II

10. a) 1 mol CO2 . . . 44g CO2 . . . 12g C

=> mC =
6,6g CO 2 . . 1,8g
. mC

1 mol H2O . . . 18 g H2O . . . 2g H

=> mH =
3,6g H 2O . . . mH
0,4g
mO = 2,2 1,8 0,4 = 0

1,8
C:
=0,15 C:1
12 : 0,16 => (C1H2,66)n =
44
0,4
H:
=0,4 H : 2,66
1

n = 3 => C3H8

mC 123
%C = 100= 100=81,81
M subst 44

mH 8
%H = 100= 100=18,18
M subst 44

b) H 3C CH2 CH3

C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O

1,45 2,24 L
C n H 2 n+2 3 n+ 1
11. + nCO2O2 + (n+1)H 2O
2
14 n+2 n22,4 L
 1,45 2,24
= => n = 4 => C4H10
14 n+2 n22,4

3
44,8 c m3x cm y mmoli z mg
12. + 7
C2 H 6 2 C O 3 H2O +
O2 2
32 2 mmoli 318 mg
22,4 c m
7 4
22,4 c m
X = 156,8 cm3 2O2 ; Vaer = 5 * 156,8 = 784 cm3 ; y = 4 mmoli CO2 ; z = 108 mg
H 2O

a mmoli a mmoli
a mmoli
13. a) C H4 + Cl 2C H
3 Cl HCl +
1 mmol 1 mmol
1 mmol

2 a mmoli 2 a mmoli 22 a mmoli

CH4 + 2Cl 2 C H C l 2 HCl +
2 2
1mmol
2 a mmoli 2 a mmoli 32 a mmoli
CH4 + 3Cl 2 CHC l 3 3 HCl +
1mmol
2 a mmoli a mmoli 4 a mmoli
CH4 + 4Cl 2 CC l 4 4 HCl +
1mmol
Amestec :

- CH3Cl a mmoli
- CH2Cl2 2a mmoli
- CHCl3 2a mmoli
- CCl4 a mmoli

HCl total=a+4 a+6 a+ 4 a=15 a=30 mmoli= a=2 mmoli

C H 4 introdus =a+2 a+2 a+ a=6 a mmoli=12 mmoli

V C H =1222,4=268,8 mmoli /L
4

89,6 L xg
400-600 *C
14. C H4 + O2 + H 2O
Oxizi de azot C H2 O
22,4 L 30 g
 x = 120 g CH2O (ct)

cp 12080
= 100= cp= =96 g C H 2 O
ct 100

xL yL 4,44 moli
15. a) C H4 3
+O + NH
HCN3 + 2H 2O
2 2 1 mol
22,4 L
3
22,4 L
2
cp 4100
= 100= ct= =4,44 moli HCN
ct 90

c pur 10099,55
x = 99,55 L CH4 pur ; p= 100= cimp = =101,581 L
c imp 98

b) y= 149,(3) L O 2
z moli
consumat 149,3 L
C H4 2 O2
+ CO2 + 2H2O
1 mol 222,4 L
z = 3,33 moli H 2

16. mamestec = 416 g

Amestec :

- CH4 a moli a*16 g

- C2H6 2a moli 2a*30g
- C3H8 3a moli 3a*44g

16a + 60a + 132a = 208a = 416 => a = 2 moli

=> 2 moli CH4 , 4 moli C2H6 , 6 moli C3H6

2 moli V1 L
C H4 + CO2 + 2H2O
2 O2
1mol 222,4 L
V2 L
4 moli
+ 7 2CO2 + 3H2O
C2 H6 O
2 2
1 mol
3,522,4 L
6 moli V 3L
C3 H8 + 3CO2 + 4H2O
5 O2
1 mol 522,4 L
 V O =V 1 +V 2 +V 3=
2 89,6 + 313,6 + 672

VO V aer =5V O = V aer =5476 L

=> 2 = 1075,2 L ; 2

b) 416g amestec . . . 32g CH4 . . . 120g C2H6 . . . 264g C3H8

100g amestec . . . p1 ... p2 ... p3

=> p1 = 7,69% CH4 ; p2 = 28,84% C2H6 ; p3 = 63,46% C3H8 .

17.
C H 4 + xC l 2 C H 4 x C l x + xHCl

35,5x
%Cl= 100=83,53= x=2= C H 2 C l 2
12+ 4x +35,5 x

2 moli yL
C H4 + 2 C l2 CH2Cl2 + 2HCl => y = 89,6L Cl 2
1mol 222,4 L

18. 3 moi CH4 = 3*10-3 kmoli => V CH =31 0322,4 m3

4

1 m3 CH4 . . . 9463,68 kcal

=> x = 635,959
3*10-3 * 22,4 m3 CH4 . . . x kcal
kcal

19.
Cn H 2 n+2

mH 2 n+2
%H = 100= 100=16,28= n=6= C 6 H 14
M alcan 14 n+2

n. hexan 2 metal
pentan
 2,3 dimetilbutan 2,2
dimetilbutan

3 moli x moli
20. C H4 +3 C l CHCl 3 + 3HCl => x = 9 moli Cl 2
2
1mol 3 moli

90,082(273+37)
PV =RT =V = = V =300,738 LC l 2
2

6,4512 L xg
21. C H4 + O2 + 2H 2O
C
22,4 L 12 g

c pur 6,7296
P cimp 100= c pur = 100
=6,4512 L C H 4 pur => x = 3,456g C

22.
mamestec=9,2 g

Amestec echimolecular :

- CH4 - a moli 16a g

- C2H6 - a moli 30ag

16a + 30a = 9,2 => a = 0,2 moli => 0,2 moli CH 4 ; 0,2 moli C2H6

0,2moli V1 L
C H4 + CO 2 + 2H2O
2 O2
1mol 222,4 L
 V2 L
0,2moli
C2 H6 + 7 2CO 2 + 3H2O
O
2 1
1mol
3,522,4 L
V O =V 1 +V 2=8,96+15,68=24,64 L; V aer =5V O = V aer =123,2 L
2 2

c pur 15098
23. p= 100= c pur = =147 m3 C H 4
Cimp 100

80
147=117,6 m3 C H 4 acetilana
100

147 m3 CH4

20
147=29,4 m3 C H 4 elemente
100

3
117,6 m 1500 *C a m3 b m3
2C H 4 C2 H2 3 H2 +
222,4 m3 22,4 m3 322,4 m3
29,4 m3 c m3
C H4 C 2+ H2
22,4 L m3 22,4 L m3
Amestec gazos :

- C2H2 58,8 m3

- H2 - (176,4 + 58,8)m3
3
V amestec =58,8+176,4+58,8=294 m

58,8 176,4+58,8
C 2 H 2= 100=20 H 2= 100=80
294 294

mC H =2,8 mg
24. a) 2 2
 1 mmol C2H4 . . . 28 mg . . . 22,4 mL (cm3)
VC H
2,8 mg . . . x m L=> x = 2,24 mL => 2 6 = 6,72

4,48 4,48
C2 H4= 100=33,33 C2 H6= 100=66,66
6,72 6,72

2,8 mg md
b) C2 H 4 + Br 2 C2H4Br2 => m d = 16mg ;
m 28 mg 160 mg
c= d 100= m s=800 mg
ms

1,05 g 0,56 L
25. a) C n H 2 n +H2 Cn H 2 n+2 n=3 => C3H6
14 n g 22,4 L

1,05 g ct g
b) C3 H6 + H 2C 3 H 8 =>
c t =1,1 g C3 H 8
42 g 44 g

Cp 1,160
= 100= c p = =0,66 g C3 H 8
Ct 100

307,2
26. CH
g 3 CH2 x
H2SO4
CHL2 = CH2 + H 2O
OH
46g 22,4

ms
= = m s =4000,8=320 g C 2 H 6 O
V

md 32096
c= 100= m d= =307,2 g C2 H 6 O= x =149,59 L C2 H 4
ms 100

149,59 L yL zL tL
b) C2 H 4 +3 O 2 2C O2 2 H2O +
22,4 L 322,4 L 222,4 L 222,4 L
 => y =448,8 L O2 ;
V aer =5448,8=2244 L

c) Amestec gazos :

- CO2 299,18 L

- H2O 299,18 L

- N2 din aer = 2244-448,8 = 1795,2 L

V amestec =299,18+299,18+1795,2=2393,56 L

2393,56L amestec . . . 299,18L CO 2 . . . 299,18L H2O . . . 1795,2L N2

100L amestec ... p1 L CO 2 . . . p2 L H2O . . . p3 L N2

=> p1 = 12,5% CO2 ; p2 = 12,5% H2O ; p3= 75% N2

27. 134,4 cm3 : a moli C2H4 , 2a moliC3H6

=> (2a + a) * 22,4 = 134,4 cm 3 => a = 2 mmoli => 2 mmoli C2H4 , 4 moli
C3 H 6 .

2 mmoli 2 mmoli
H 2 C=C H 2 +[O] + H OH CH 2 CH2
1 mmol 1mmol OH OH

2 mmoli 4 mmoli
C H 2=C H 2C H 3 + [O] + H OH CH2 CH CH3

1mmol 1 mmol
OH OH

[O ] =2+ 4=6 mmoli

total

x mmoli y mg 6 mmoli
2 KMnO4 + H 2O 2KOHMn+ O2 3[O] +
2 mmol 3 mmol
2 ( 55+32 ) mg

=> x= 4 mmoli = 4 * 10-3 moli KMnO4 ; y = 348 mg MnO2

 4103
C M= = V s= = =0,2 L
Vs C M 2102

x m3 129
28. C H 2=C H 2 + HCl CH 3 CH2

22,4 m3 Cl
64,5

Cp 90,3100
= 100= c t = =129 kg kelen ; x = 44,8 m3 C2H4 pur
Ct 70

C pur 448100
p= 100= c imp = =56 m3
C imp 80

150 t 150t
29. nC H 2 =C H 2 ( C H 2 C H 2 )n
28 n t 28 n t

M polimer 39200 85
n= = =1400 ; mC H = m mC H =176,47 t
M mer 28 2 4 react .
100 C 2 H 4 intr . => 2 4 intr .

x cm
3
188 mg
30. C2 H 4 + Br 2 C2 H 4 B r 2 ; C 3H6 + Br2 C3H6Br2

22,4 c m3 188 mg

x = 22,4 cm3 C2H4 => V C H =89,622,4=67,2 c m3

3 6

22,4
C2 H4= 100=25
89,6

67,2
C3 H6= 100=75
89,6

31.
C M= = =0,20,1=0,02 moli
V

C5H10 + x[O] Produsi de reactie | *3

K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 4H2O + 3[O] |* X

1,4 g 0,02 moli

3 C5 H 10 x+K 2 Cr 2 O7 + 4xH 2SO4 Produsi de reactie
=> x = 3
370 g x moli

CH3 CH C CH3 + 3[O] CH3 COOH + CH3 C

CH3

CH3
O

2,7 g 2,24 L
32. A +x H 2 B => x = 2 => 2 leg. =>
54 g x22,4 L
Cn H 2 n2

MC H n 2n2 = 54 => n = 4 => C4H6

224 c m3 x
33. HC CH + H 2mg
O CH3 CH
C 22,4 c m3
p= pur = c pur =224 c m3 C2 H 2
C imp

O => x = 440 mg aldehida

acetica 44 mg

C pur 8,96 d m3
34. CaC 2 + 2H 2O Ca(OH)C2 H+
2 2
64 g 22,4 d m2
 25,6
=>
c pur =25,6 g= p= 100=85,44
30

MC H 14 n
35. a)
=1,07=
n 2n
=1,077= n=2=C 2 H 4 ,C 2 H 2
MC H n
14 n2
2 n2

b) C2H2 + H2 C2H4

c) 0,5 dm3 amestec echimolecular :

- C2H2 a moli

- C2H4 a moli

0,5
2a * 22,4 = 0,5 =>
a=
44,8
0,5
moli
44,8
V1L
C2 H2
+5 2CO 2 + H 2O
1 mol O
2 2
5
22,4 L
2
0,5
moli V2 L
44,8
+3 O 2CO 2 + 2H2O
C2 H 4 2

1 mol 322,4 L

V O =V 1 +V 2=0,625+0,75=1,375 , V aer =5 V O =6,875

2 2

200 kg x kg
36. + HCl (ct) H 2C CH => x = 480,769 kg ( ct)
HC CH
26 kg Cl
Cp 490,76970 62,5
= = c p= =336,538
kg
Ct 100
37. 20g : 1 butina, 2-butina

xg Cu ( N H 3 2 ] Cl
HC C + CH2 CH3 CuC C CH 2

CH3
54 g
26,7 g

=> x = 10,8g 1-butina =>
mbutina = 20 10,8g = 9,2g

10,8
1butina= 100=54= 2butina=46
20

38.
Cn H 2 n2+ HCl Cn H 2 n1 Cl

53,67 53,67
MC H Cl =M C H 2n2 + M C H =14 n1+35,5=14 n2+ ( 14 n2 )
n 2n1 n
100 n 2n 2
100

>n=5=C 5 H 8

V
672 c m3 x
39. 5+ +
C2 H 2 O 2C O 2
H 2O 3 2 2
22,4 c m 5 222,4 c m
3
3
22,4 c m
2
3 3 222,4672 3
V =1680 c m = V aer =8400 c m =8,4 L; x= =1344 c m =1,344 L C O2
22,4

1 m3 a kmoli
52 C O
C2 H2 O 2
+ 2 2 + H 2O => a =
22,4 m3 2 kmoli
0,08928 kmoli CO2 = 89,28 moli

1 mol CO2 . . . 6,023 * 1023 molecule CO2

=> b = 537,76 *1023
89,28 moli . . . b molecule molecule CO2
 128 g xdm
3

40. a)
CaC 2 + 2H 2OC H + Ca(OH) 2
2 2
64 g 22,4 dm
3
C pur 20064
p= 100= c pur = =128 g Ca C 2 ( ct )
C imp 100

31,36
x=44,8 d m3 ; = 100=70
44,8

31,36
b)
31,36 d m3 C2 H 2= =1,4 moli C2 H 2
22,4

1 mol C2H2 . . . 14060 kcal

=> y = 1964 kcal
1,4 moli C2H2 . . . y kcal

300 m3 15 a m3 45 a m3
41. 2C H C2 H2 3 H2 +
4
3 3 3
222,4 m 22,4 m 322,4 m
7,5 a m
3 15 a m3
C H4 C 2 H+ 2

22,4 m
3 222,4 m3
250 m3 250 m3
C H4 C H4
222,4 m3 222,4 m3

Amestec gazos:

- C2H2 15a m3

- H2 600 m3

- CH4 nereactionat = 100a - 15a - 60a = 25a m3

30a +7,5a + 25a = 62,5a = 4000 => a = 64

V C H =15 a=1564=960 m3
2 2

V C H C2 H 2=30 a=3064=1920 m3
4
 3
V CH elem .=7,5 a=7,554=480 m
4

3
V CH netranf .=25 a=1600 m
4

1920 480
CH 4 C 2 H 2 = 100=48 ; CH 4 elem .= 100=12= CH 4 netrans=40
4000 4000

mC 12 n 15
42. Cn H 2 n2 = = = n=5= C 5 H 8
mH 2n2 2

1,2 pentadiena H2C C CH CH2 CH3

1,3 pentadiena H2C CH CH CH CH3

1,4 pentadiena H2C CH CH2 CH CH2

2 metil 1, 3 pentadiena H2C C CH CH2

CH3

M (C =541200=65800
43. a) 4 H6 )n

1241200
%C= 100=88,88= %H =11,12
b) 541200

212,5 kg C
44. a) n C5 H 8 ( 5 H 8)n
568 kg 568 kg
85 x kg= x=212,5 kg poliizopopin
mizoprinreact . = 250=212,5
100

170000
n= =250
b) 68

45. x CH2 CH CH CH2 + yCH2 CH CH2 CH CH

CH2 CH2 CH
 CN
CN x y

mN 14 y
%N = 100= 100=8,7= x=2 y
M cauciuc 54 x+53 y

=> butadiena : acrilonitril = 2 : 1

2t xt

46. nCH2 C C CH2 CH2 C C CH2

CH3 CH3 CHn3 CH3

n * 82 t 82*n t
C 260
x=2 t ( ct ) ; = p 100= c p= =1,2t
Ct 100

>mconiac =1200 kg

47. nCH2 C CH CH2 CH2 C CH CH2

Cl Cl
n
132750 35,51500
n= =1500 ; %Cl= 100=40,11
88,5 132750

M diena g
48. dN = = M diena =282,429=68 ;C H
2
28 mol n 2n2

14n 2 = 68 => n = 5 => C5H8 H2C C CH CH2

CH3
714,4 g xg
49. a) 2 C H 3=C H 2OH CH 2=CH CH =CH 2 +
2H2O + 246 2H2 g
54 g
 ms
= = ms alcool =10000,76=760 g
V

md 76094
c= 100= md= =714,4 g alcool ( ct ) ; x=419,32 g( ct)
ms 100

Cp 419,3280
= 100= c p = =335,45 g alcadiena
Ct 100
301,91 g CH
nCH 2=CH CH =CH 2 ( 2CH CH CH 2)n
b) n54 g 54n g

xg

90
nC H polimerizata = 335,45=301,91 g= y=301,19 g polibutadiena
4 6
100

xg
150 moli
3 C H 2=CH
50. 2
H C=CH CH =C H 2 +
1molC H C H =CH
C H 2CH =CH 2 2

CN 3

CN (54 + 3 *
53)g

> x=31950 g

176 g xL yg
C 6 H51. Cl
+2 + HCl
6 C 6 H 5 Cl
78 g 22,4 L 112,5 g

m=V = m=2000,88=176 gC 6 H 6= x=50,54 L Cl2

a)

Cp 253,8470
b) y=253,84 g C 6 H 5 Cl ( ct ) ; = 100= c p= =177,69 g
Ct 100
 126 5 35,5
%C= 100=64 ; %H = 100=4,44 ; %Cl= =31,55
112,5 122,5 112,5

md 2 kg
C7 H 8 C 7 H 5 (N O2)3 3 H2O
52. 3+
HNO3 +
363 kg 227 kg

md 1,665100
md =1,665 kg ; c= 100= ms= =2,37 kg
ms 70

1 mol 352 g
OnC (n3)H 2 O
53. C n H 2 n6 + 2 O2 +
1 mol 44 n g
>n=8= C8 H 10

C H 2C H 3 C H3 C H3 C H3

C H3

C H3
C H3
a kg 1164 kg
3 Cl2 C 6 H 6 Cl6
54. C 6 H 6 +
78 kg 291 kg

13 100151,32
mlindan = mhexaclorociclohexan= mhexaclorociclohexan = =1164 kg
100 13

>a=312 C6 H 6
a moli a moli

C H3 C H3
55.
N O2
 HO NO2
+ +
H2O

1 mol 1 mol

a moli a moli
C7 H8 C7 H8
1 mol 1 mol
3 a moli 3 a moli
C H3 C H3

HON O2
+ +
H2O
1 mol
N O2
1 mol

Amestec final :

C =a+3 a+ a=5 a moli

- orto a moli 7 H8

mC H =5a92=18,4 g
- para a moli 7 8

>a=0,04 ; m para =3 aM para =16,44 g

- tolen a moli

56. 46,8g :

C 8 H 10 a moli 10 a g H

C 10 H 8 b moli 8 b g H

10 a+ 8b
%H= 100=2,692 ; 16 a+128 b=46,8= a=b=0,2;
46,8
 0,2100
> C 8 H 10= C 10 H 8= =50
0,4

312 g x moli yg
+C6 H 5N O 2
57. a)C 6 H 6 HN+O 3 H 2O
78 g 1 mol 18 g

x=4 moli HN O3 = 42=8 moli H 2 SO 4

463100
md HNO =463 g ; ms HNO = =273,9 g
3 3
92

988100
ms H SO 4 =898 g ; ms H SO4 = =800 g
2 2
98

mam .sulfonitric =ms H 2 SO4 +ms HNO =273,9+800=1073,9 g

3

b) Acid rezidual:

H 2 S O4 solutie800 g

898
H 2 O dinsolutia de HN O3 c rez = 100=87,7
893,9

H 2 O dinreactie y=72 g
yg

O
2 moli
58.
x moli
K 2 Cr2 O7 ++8 C H 3 COOH
1 mol
1 mol O
+2CH 3 COOK + 2(C H 3 COO)3 Cr +5 H 2 O
208 g

x=2 moli K 2 Cr2 O 7 ; y =416 g(ct)

 2 C 41670
C M= = V s= =10 L ; = p 100= c p = =291,2 g
Vs 0,2 Ct 100

358,4 g xg
C 10 H 8 HN O3 C 10 H 7HN2O
O
59. + 2 +
128 g 173 g

C pur 40089,6
p= 100= c pur = =358,4 g= x=484,4 g (ct)
C imp 100

387,52
= 100=80
484,4

176 g yL xg
60.a)C 6 H 6 Cl2+ + HCl
C 6 H 5 Cl
78 g 22,4 L 122,5 g

m
= = m=V =2000,88=176 g benzen
V

Cp 253,84670
x=253,846 g clorob enzen ( ct ) ; = 100= c p= =177,67
Ct 100

22,4176
y= =50,54 L Cl2
b) 78

a moli 22,4 g
61. C H3 COOH
b moli
+ 3[O] +
3 moli
H2O

1 mol 122 g
 a=0,2 molitolen= 0,2moli benzen ; mamestec=0,292+0,278=34 g

b=0,6 moli [O]

c moli 0,6 moli

KMn O4 3 H 2 SO4 K 2 SO 4 + MnS O4 +35[O]
H 2 O+
+
2 moli 5 moli

0,24
c=0,24 moli KMn O 4 ; C M = = =2,4 L KMn O4
V s 0,1

xg 294 g y moli
HOS H2O
62. C 6 H 6 + O3 H C 6 H 5 SO 3 H +
78 g 98 g 1 mol

80 234,2100
mbenzen rc= mC H intr = mC H 6 intr = =292,5 g
100 6 6 6
80

> y =3 moli ac benzensulfonic

C7 H 8 + x Cl 2 C7 H 8 x Cl x + xHCl
63.

35,5 x
%Cl= 100=44,1= x=2= C 7 H 6 Cl 2
92x +35,5 x

2 moli zL c moli
C7 H 8 2+
Cl2 C 7 H 6 Cl2 +2 HCl ;
1 moli 222,4 L 2 moli
y=322 gC 7 H 8 Cl 2= z=89,6 L Cl2

xL
9,6 g yL zL
3
C H 3 OH O C O2 H2 O
2 2
32 g 22,4 L 222,4 L
3
22,4 L
2
64. + +

x=10,8 LO2 ; V aer=5V O =50,4 L

2

Amestec gazos :

C O2 y=6,72 L

H 2 O z=13,44 L >V amestec =60,54 L

N 2 din aer 50,410,08=40,32 L

6,72
%C O2= 100=11,1
60,54

13,44
H 2 O= 100=22,22
60,54

40,38
N 2= 100=66,69
60,54

196 m3 x kg
1
OC H OH
65. C H 4 + 2 2 3
22,4 m3 32 kg

C pur
p= 100= c pur =196 m3 ( ct ) ; x=280 kg CH 3 OH (ct )
C imp

Cp 28080
= 100= c p = =224 kg CH 3 OH ( md )
Ct 100

md 224100
c= 100= =1120 kg
ms 20
 18,4 g 35,2 g
C n H 2 n +2 O nC O3
Cn H 2 n+2 O 2O 2
66. a) + 2
( 14 n+18 ) g 44 n g
+( n+1) H 2 O

18,4 35,2
= = n=2= C2 H 6 O
14 n+18 44 n ;

18,4 g xL
C2 H6 O 3 O2 2C O 2+3 H 2 O
b) +
46 g 322,4 L
x=26,88 L= V aer =134,4 L

1 mol C O 2 22,4 L 12 g C
67.
>mC =0,36 g

0,672 L mC

1 mol H 2 O 18 g H 2 O 2 g H
>m H =0,12 g

1,08 g H 2 O mH

mO=0,960,360,12=0,48 g

0,36
C: =0,03 1
12

0,12
H: =0,12 0,03 4
1
 0,48
O: =0,03 1
16

(C H 4 O)n ; M (C H 4 O) =32= n=1= C H 3 OH alcool metilic

x moli 60 g
C H 2=C H 2 H 2 O C H C H OH
68. + 3 2
1mol 46 g

md 40015
c= 100= md alcool = =60 g= x=1,3 moliC 2 H 4
ms 100

1,30,082293
PV =RT = V = =15,67 LC 2 H 4
2

69. Amestec echimolecular :

C H 3 OH a moli

C 2 H 6 Oa moli

3
a moli a moli
a moli 2
C H 3 OH 3 + CO 2 +2 H 2 O
O
1 mol 2 2 1 mol
3
moli
a moli 23 a moli 2 a moli
C2 H6 O 3 O+ 2 C O2 +3 H 2 O
2
1 mol 3 moli 2mol
( a+2 a )22,4=6,72= a=0,1 moli

>3,2 g C H 3 OH , 4,6 g C 2 H 6 O= mamestec =7,8 g

 3,2
%C H 3 OH = 100=41,025
7,8

4,6
C 2 H 6 O= 100=58,9
7,8

3
O = a+3 a=0,45 moli; V O =0,4522,4=10,08 L=V aer=50,4 L
2
2 2

70. 11 g amestec:

C H 3 OH a moli 32 a g

C 2 H 6 Ob moli 46 a g

3
a moli
2
a moli 3 2 a moli
O+ 2 H2 O C O2 +
C H 3 OH 2 2
1 mol 3 2moli
mol
2
b moli 3 b moli
C2 H6 O +3 O2 2C
3 HO2 O
2+

1 mol 3 moil

( 2 a+3 b )18=12,7 si32 a+ 46 b=11= a=0,,2 moli si b=0,1moli

0,2
%C H 3 OH = 100=66,66= C 2 H 6 O=33,33
0,2+ 0,1

3
O = a=0,3 moli= V O =0,222,4=6,72
b) 2
2 2

128 g x moli
C H 3 OH 3 C O2 +2 H 2 O
71. + O2
2
32 g
1,5 moli
 C pur 20064
p= 100= c pur = =128 CH 3 OH pur= x=6 moliO2
C imp 100

60,082300
PV =RT = V = =147,7 LO2 ; V aer =5V O =738 L
1 2

3
C H 2OH
moli C H 2ON O 2
72.
xg
3 HON O2
C H 2OH + C H 2ON O2 +3 H 2 O
363 g

C H 2OH C H 2ON O 2

1 mol

60 567100
> x=567 g HN O3 ; mHNO = msulfonitric = msulfonitric = =945 g
3
100 60

mC 12n
73. %C= 100= 40= 100= n=2= C 2 H 4 O2
M acid 14 n+32

C H 3COOH acid etanoic

md 12,26 g
Na 1
C H 3 COOH ++ H 2
23 g 2
74. 60 g + N a
C H 3 CO O

md 31,98
>md =31,98 g C 2 H 4 O2 ; c= 100= 100=29
ms 110

40 g xg yg
C H 3 COOH KOH C H 3 COOK
60 g 39 g 98 g
 + + H2O
75.

md 20020
c= 100= md= =40 g C H 3 COOH
ms 100

1560 m 26100
x= =26 g KOH ( md ) ; c= d 100= ms NaOH = =26 g KOH
60 ms 10

+
K
9840
> y = =65,55 g C H 3 CO O
60

138 g xg
C H 3 C H 2 OH +O2 + H2O
76. C H 3COOH
46 g 60 g

30046
md = =138 g C H 3 CH 2 OH = x=180 g ac . acetic
100

54 g yg
C H 3 COOH Al + 3
(C H 3 COO)n Al + H 2
27 g 2
360 g

C pur 8,1100
> y =8,1 Al pur ; p= 100= c imp= =10,125 g Al
Cimp 80

xg C
a
2+
3,584 L
C H 3 COOH + (C H 3 COO)2 158 g
C O2 +
77. CaC O3
22,4 L
+ H2O 100 g yg

1003,584 16
x= =16 g CaC O3 pur ; p= 100=80
22,4 20
 1583,584
y= =25,28 g (C H 3 COO)2 Ca
22,4

196 g x g (ct)
+C H 3 C H 2 OH + H2O
78. C H 3 COOH C H 3 COOC H 2 C H 3
60 g 88 g

md 20098
c= 100= md= =196 g acid acetic ( ct ) ; x=287,46 g acetat de etil
ms 100

Cp 287,4666
= 100= c p = =189,72 g
Ct 100

48 46
CH COOH = =0,8 moli ; C H O = =1 mol
79. 3
60 2 6
46

C H 3 COOH +CH 3 CH 2 OH

CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 3 + H 2 O

I 0,8 moli 1 mol

C x moli x moli

E ( 0,8x ) moli ( 1x ) moli x moli x moli

2
[ ester ] [apa ] x
K C =4= = ; 0< x 0,8= x=0,589
[ acid ] [alcool] ( 0,8x ) (1x)

>0,589 moli ester , 0,589 moli apa , 0,211 moliacid si 0,411 molialcool

amestec =1,8 moli

0,589
%ester= 100=32,75
1,8
 %apa=32,72

0,211
%acid= 100=11,72
1,8

0,411
%alcool= 100=22,83
1,8

8,9 g
C H 2 OCO (CH 2 )16 C H 3 C H 2 OH
80.
yg xg
3 KOH C H 3 (C
C H 2 OCO (CH 2 )16 C H 3 + C HH2 2OH
)16 COOK
356 g 3322 g +

C H 2 OCO (CH 2 )16 C H 3 C H 2 OH

890 g

> x=9,66 sapun

3568,9 m 100
b) y= =1,68 kg KOH ( md ) ; ms= d =4,2 g KO H
890 c

10
ms KOH introdus=4,2+ 4,2=4,62 g
100

m palmitat 55,6
81. palmitat de sodiu= = =0,2 moli
M palmitat 278

moleat 30,4
oleat de sodiu= = =0,1 moli
M oleat 304

palmitat 0,2 2
= = = dipalmitooleina
oleat 0,1 1
 C H 2 OCO (C H 2)14 C H 3
xg 55,6 g
CH2OH 3 NaOH 2 C H 3 (CH 2)14 COONa
340 g 2278 g
CHOCO ( CH 2 )14 C H 3 +

+ CHOH

C H 2 OCO (CH 2 )7 CHCH (CH 2)7 C H 3

CH2OH

+C H 3 ( C H 2 )7 CHCH (C H 2)7 COONa

md 12100
> x=12 g NaOH ( md ) ; c= 100= ms = =60 g NaOH
ms 20

82. (RCOO)2 Ca

mCa 40100
%Ca= 100= M sapun= =602 g /mol
M sapun 6,644

x moli 0,02moli
HCl + NaCl+ H 2 O
83.
NaOH
1 mol 1mo l

HCl=101032=2102=0,02 moli= x=0,02 moli NaOH exces

>C M = = =C M V s
Vs

3
NaOH intr=8010 1=0,08 moli ; NaOH consumat=0,080,02=0,06 moli
la sapunificare

16,12 g 0,06 moli

Triglicerida 3 NaOH
Mg 3 moli
 +

Produsi de reactie= M =806 g/mol

C H 3 COOH C2 H 4 O2 Cn H 2 n O2
84.

NaOH =100103=0,1 moli

7,4 g 0,01moli
+ sare +apa= M =74 g/ mol
A NaOH
Mg 1mol
MC H n 2n O
2
=74= n=3= C3 H 6 O2

20 g 0,06
2C H 3 COOH +
CaO (C H 3 COO)2 Ca +H2O
85.
56 g 3 moli
x=56,428 acetat de Ca(ct )

39,5
= 100= =70
56,428

80 g xL
+CaC O3 (C H 3 COO)2 Ca+
C OH 2 O+
86. 2 CH 3 COOH 2
260 g 22,4 L

md 20040
c= 100= md= =80 g acid acetic
ms 100

> x=14,93 LC O2