Candide ou l'Optimisme
Par Voltaire
4/5
()
À propos de ce livre électronique
« On aperçut enfin les côtes de France. « Avez-vous jamais été en France, monsieur Martin ? dit Candide. — Oui, dit Martin, j'ai parcouru plusieurs provinces. Il y en a où la moitié des habitants est folle, quelques-unes où l'on est trop rusé, d'autres où l'on est communément assez doux et assez bête, d'autres où l'on fait le bel esprit ; et, dans toutes, la principale occupation est l'amour ; la seconde, de médire ; et la troisième, de dire des sottises. — Mais, monsieur Martin, avez-vous vu Paris ? » (Extrait du chapitre vingt-unième.)
Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet (1694 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state. Voltaire was a versatile writer, producing works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays, and historical and scientific works.He wrote more than 20,000 letters and more than 2,000 books and pamphlets. He was an outspoken advocate, despite the risk this placed him in under the strict censorship laws of the time. As a satirical polemicist, he frequently made use of his works to criticize intolerance, religious dogma, and the French institutions of his day.
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Avis sur Candide ou l'Optimisme
4 234 notations125 avis
- Évaluation : 3 sur 5 étoiles3/5Wish I knew what everyone sees in this one. I've known a few people who have claimed this as one of their favorite works, and to me, anyway, this book appears so slight when compared with other classical works. But then, allegory was never my favorite form of literature. I can completely understand Balzac, or Zola, or Flaubert. They were amazing writers, and you can get something new out of them with each reading, I think, depending upon what stage you are at in your own life. But it seems like there is a trend in French literature - the spare and esoteric work, the one that says, "this may not look like much, but it has Layers." I'm thinking especially of The Little Prince, this work, and possibly all of Camus. It may be very worthy. I'm sure the fault is mine here. But I just don't get it.
- Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles4/5This book surprised me with how funny it was. It's amazing that an 18th century satire resonates so well with our modern world.
- Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5I'm not sure why it took me so long to pick up Candide and after finishing the book, I'm definitely upset with my younger self. This is Voltaire at his cattiest and it makes for great reading. He spares no one in his attacks against religion, philosophy, society, and romance. Candide is the protagonist, although readers will find he feels more like a whipping boy. He is painfully naïve and has been indoctrinated by his philosophy teacher Pangloss to believe everything happens to a man for the sole purpose of transporting him to a better situation. Naturally, Voltaire plays with the Leibnizian philosophy by putting Candide into extremely horrible situations and showing the character to have no belief other than things must keep happening so that an even better situation will befall him. Voltaire also shows his readers the hypocrisies of religion and the ironies of claiming to love someone whom you do not truly know. This is a quick read mainly because it is so fast paced and entertaining. Through word play and excessive gore, it's nearly impossible to set down the book. My only complaint with Candide is the simplicity of its content, but when one considers this as it was originally intended, as a barebones and intelligent satire, it's not exactly fair to expect better chapter transitions or less abrupt scene changes. Voltaire has succeeded in producing a rhetorical monster applicable to any age which also functions as an engaging novel.
- Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5Loved this book when I read it in college. Do I get extra points for having struggled through it in French? I was determined, I had a really large dictionnaire, and I knew it just well enough to realize that even an excellent translation wouldn't be the same as Voltaire's original.
I've downloaded it in e-book form courtesy of Project Gutenberg now, so one of these days when I'm at a loose end I'll re-read it in English. - Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5Juvenal once said, "It is difficult not to write satire", meaning that even if he put ink to paper with different intentions, his worldview would press him on in one direction. He and Voltaire would have got along famously, I suspect.
- Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5How droll.
- Évaluation : 3 sur 5 étoiles3/5A very thoughtful and socially relevant critique of certain philosophies. Bitingly funny at times, and quietly tragic at others, it is easy to see why it has become a classic. However, it doesn't seem to me to present any alternatives to what it criticizes - as much as the Leibniz-style optimism is unfounded and dangerous, it gave me a bit of an empty feeling when I was finished. If you deconstruct the fallacies of one or another worldview, you had better have your own worldview ready to bring forward. Candide is essentially a negative novel, it dismembers what is bad or false rather than affirming or promoting what is good or true. It is like an Anti-War rally rather than a Peace rally. While I think it was essential of Voltaire that he fight the forces of Absolute monarchy and rationalism, this is not a novel to build a society on.
- Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles4/5This was not at all what I thought it would be. The read was interesting, and heavy on the satire. The theme is easily understood and carried throughout the work, and it's a relatively quick read. Read this if you have a couple of hours to spare.
- Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5I have been trying to read more of the classics for years and when I saw the cover of "Candide" I knew that this was the next classic read for me. I laughed so much during this book. Often times the older books are very dry and proper that it is a bore to read. Voltaire told it how he saw it.
- Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5Candide by François-Marie Arouet, also known as Voltaire, was published in 1759 during the European 'enlightenment’ and at the time was banned as blasphemous, and politically seditious – Candide pokes a lot of fun at the establishment of the day. Voltaire was a sharp witty man, and (the two don’t often seem to go together) a philosopher, who strongly opposed certain Enlightenment ideas about social class. Candide is a naive young man who grows up in a baron’s castle. His tutor Pangloss teaches him that this is “the best of all possible worlds.” Candide is discovered kissing the baron’s daughter, his secret love, and is expelled from his home. He wanders the world with Pangloss, surviving the most awful disasters and tortures, while Pangloss continues to describe life as ‘the best of all possible worlds”. Shortly after reading this novella, I saw the film Oh, Lucky Man, staring Malcolm McDowell, a sprawling musical intended as an allegory on life in the 20th century. I could not help linking the two stories. I still to this day believe that the screenplay takes its inspiration from Candide.
- Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles4/5Great book. However, the Bantam Classic edition is only an ok translation. I got my copy for cheap. It tells the story but I'm sure there are other more scholarly translations I would choose if I were to read it again.
- Évaluation : 2 sur 5 étoiles2/5I know that I'm supposed to love Candide. I know that it is a classic and brilliant and satirical and everything else that has ever been said about it. Really, I do know that but I just didn't like it.
I get that Voltaire was trying to prove a point with the adventures and beliefs of Candide but the story was just so negative. I felt so bad for poor Candide. It was hard for me to continue reading knowing that Candide was just going to have more outrageously horrible things happen to him.
Before you yell at me, remember that I know the purpose of Candide's story. Voltaire was living during a time of great philosophical thought and he was using this story to satirize the politics and religious fervor of the mid eighteenth century. I just felt that as a novel (novella?) it was not very enjoyable. Voltaire comes across as so negative. I may read Candide a second time (especially when I am not dealing with the flu) and give Voltaire a second chance to charm me. - Évaluation : 3 sur 5 étoiles3/5Classic modern fable exploring the once popular philosophy of 'everything now is exactly as it should be and for the best' with comedic results.
- Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles4/5Voltaire - this is the first work I've read from him. I was thinking it was going to be heavily intellectual - and it had some deep themes, but they were at the same time, very obvious. Overall, the pleasant surprise was just how funny he is - I hadn't been aware.
- Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5This short work is the finest example of a sustained literary assault on a philosophical idea; in this case, the idea of Optimism put forth by Leibniz. It was inspired in part by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake that claimed up to 100,000 lives, a disaster that did not fit well in the Leibnizian Optimistic View that this was the best of all possible worlds. Candide is a short, precise and very focused attack on this attitude. As such, it is a masterpiece of world satire along with other notable works like Gulliver's Travels and Huckleberry Finn.
- Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles4/5The great master of satire. The thing I love about Voltaire is that he just honestly couldn't help himself. He was wealthy and liked, and he just couldn't stop from commenting in a not particularly nice way about the people and events of the day.
- Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5Hilarious! Ever since reading The Baroque Cycle (or at least the first two books and the first half of the third one) I've loved this historical period, and it's clear Stephenson wrote it with Candide in mind. It's silly, clever, and risqué, and you can read it in an afternoon.
- Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles4/5My fourth time reading it?
Teaching it this week (for the 3rd time).
For plot summaries, see reviews below.
Does Candide falter? Yes: Voltaire turns his attention to the literary scene in Paris for 5-7 pages (which means: 5-7% of the book). We can laugh at Voltaire inserting himself and his fellow writers into the book, but given the grand scope of the rest of the narrative, the insertion looks, and is, self-indulgent. Probably the clearest sign of the failure of those scenes is that they are by far the most difficult to teach.
One wonders, however, about a philosophical novel written by a professional philosopher that ultimately destroys the legitimacy of doing philosophy, and one wonders--I wonder--about the novel's final, pessimistic promotion of political quietism. For those of you who think that 'tending one's garden' means a happy ending, remember what happens to the Baron and his family at the book's beginning....
Oh, this edition is quite nice: a great deal of supplemental material saves on photocopying when you teach it. Recommended above the Dover edition or the regular Penguin edition... - Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5One of the definitive pieces of satire in literature and it still holds up to this day. It never flinches in its attack on the human condition and like the somewhat lengthier "Gulliver's Travels," has no time for redemption or optimism. That's why I love it so.
- Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5When I promised myself to read as many of the classics as possible and give works of that category a special preference, Candide waited at the top of my list. Short in length but not laughs, this book served as probably my clearest introduction to satire, and who better to lead the way into the genre than Voltaire himself? Trapped in a critique of unbridled optimism, the characters suffer one tragedy or cruelty after another - and yet, though powerful in delivering the point, somehow through all the misery the tale still abounds with moments of hilarity. Timeless questions of the human experience parade throughout the story, disguised under layers of sarcasm and wit. Readers may feel shocked one moment, but need only turn a few pages to laugh out loud. As a quick, entertaining, yet covertly heavy read, the piece makes a great entry point to the work of satirists - or just a masterful diversion into "the best of all possible worlds," depending on your perspective.
- Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5I read this book several times 1/2 way through, and I finally decided to read it in its entirety. It's a fantastic book and forces you to look at the philosophy presented in the book with a critical eye. It is especially helpful to read the notes at the end. My favorite: "Voltaire failed to appreciate the importance of Canada".
- Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5For most of my life I have been quoting and cracking wise: "All is for the best in this most perfect of all perfect worlds", a statement whose essential truth is its irony. But until now I'd never read Voltaire's Candide, the source for Dr. Pangloss' sincerely delivered (by the character) but ironically presented (by the author) wisdom. And I'd never known just how vast a survey of 18th century cruelty Voltaire conducted while expressing his ironic untruth and rebutting it.
There are many lovely surprises in this 1759 philosophical romance. The first is the delightful entry it give us into the world of the 18th century itself - its fantasies, politics, stereotypes and lusts. We experience empire in the old and new worlds, common prejudices, and the tapestry of mid-18th century European and American political and social realities. We get a little tour of Voltaire's known world, and an imaginary depiction of the New World too.
Second, Voltaire writes of an age of astonishing brutality - rape, torture, stabbings, auto de fe - the bodies and the suffering are piled as high in this book as any tale of a Soviet Gulag or the Holocaust. An age so experienced understandably raised the most profound questions of good and evil.
Third, this book is delightfully sexual, not in a modern pornographic sense, but in an inimitably 18th century way. It reminds us that lust as much as love is a universal human experience, across the ages. Yet, in the 18th century as portrayed by Voltaire sex is a cruel mistress and master. It has its delights... but the images of punishment for sexual transgressions and of whoredom, disease, rape and the cruelty of lost female beauty are presented unflinchingly. This is the sexual world as it was, and it too is a world of violence and loss.
This is also a romance, that both mocks affection and yet depends upon it, sees its absurdity and yet valorizes it. Candide's love for Cunegonde is basically ridiculous, as is Candide himself and as is the philosopher Pangloss for whom he professes admiration. Yet it is the ground of his being as a character, and drives the whole story forward. He is a romantic fool. In the end, Martin and a humble Turk farmer, provide the answer to Candide and Pangloss's insipid optimism, as illustrated in the quotes below. But I'm not sure that Voltaire completely repudiates Candide's love for Cunegonde.
This is a comedy on many levels. Candide's endless ability to find new money, to land on his feet, to acquire new traveling companions, are all so silly that they hardly need to be remarked upon. The silliness is just good fun, creating situations in which Voltaire explores ideas against the background of evil and cruelty.
It is also of course, specifically, a sex comedy, using the readers prurient interest in matters connubial and concupiscencial to discuss deep philosophical questions. It is reassuring that sex sells, and has been selling since at least the mid-18th century. But is there some deeper connection between sex and the meaning of life, sex and optimism, sex and pessimism, that is plumbed here?
I was moved to think of Kohelet's (Ecclesiastes') questions after I put this down. To what extent are Candide's and King Solomon's wisdom aligned? "The end of the matter, everything having been heard, fear God and keep His commandments, for this is the entire man." This is essentially a Jewish version of "labor in your garden", the garden at issue being the garden of mitzvot, n'est-ce pas? At the very least we can say that both share an attitude of age ripened wisdom, and a certain rejoicing in a clarifying pessimism.
There is however a curious meta-Panglossian sense that in the author's hands, nothing can go wrong, no dungeon will be unescaped, no death will be permanent, and all will ultimately be for the best. And in the end, Candide and his companions are safely delivered, together with the reader, to the wisdom of working the garden.
Notable Quotable
"'Tis demonstrated," said he, "that things cannot be otherwise; for, since everything is made for an end, everything is necessarily for the best end. Observe that noses were made to wear spectacles; and so we have spectacles. Legs were visible instituted to be breeched, and we have breeches. Stones were formed to be quarried and to build castles; and My Lord has a very noble castle; the greatest Baron in the province should have the best house; and as pigs were made to be eaten, we eat pork all the year round; consequently, those who have asserted that all is well talk nonsense; they ought to have said that it is for the best."
~
"One day when Cunegonde was walking near the castle, in a little wood which was called the Park, she observed Doctor Pangloss in the bushes, giving a lesson in experimental physics to her mother's waiting-maid, a very pretty and docile brunette. Mademoiselle Cunegonde had a great inclination for science and watched breathlessly the reiterated experiments she witnessed; she observed clearly the Doctor's sufficient reason, the effects and the causes, and returned home very much excited, pensive, filled with the desire of learning, reflecting that she might be the sufficient reason of young Candide and he might be hers."
~
"You are very hard," said Candide. "That's because I have lived, " said Martin.
~
"Music nowadays is merely the art of executing difficulties and in the end that which is only difficult ceases to please." (Pococurante)
~
"Oh! what a superior man!" said Candide under his breath "What a great genius this Pococurante is! Nothing can please him."
~
"I should like to know which is worse... to endure all the miseries through which we have passed, or to remain here doing nothing?" (The Old Woman)
~
"... Martin especially concluded that man was born to live in the convulsions of distress or in the lethargy of boredom. Candide did not agree, but he asserted nothing. Pangloss confessed that he and always suffered horribly; but , having once maintained that everything was for the best, he had continued to maintain it without believing it."
~
"I have only twenty acres, " replied the Turk. "I cultivate them with my children; and work keeps at bay three great villains: boredom, vice and need."
~
"Let us work without arguing, said Martin; "'tis the only way to make life endurable."
~
Said the widow:
"I have been a hundred times upon the point of killing myself, but still I was fond of life. This ridiculous weakness is, perhaps, one of the dangerous principles implanted in our nature. For what can be more absurd than to persist in carrying a burden of which we wish to be eased? to detest, and yet to strive to preserve our existence? In a word, to caress the serpent that devours us, and hug him close to our bosoms till he has gnawed into our hearts?" - Évaluation : 5 sur 5 étoiles5/5Timeless satire, expertly translated by John Butt. Misfortune after misfortune befalls the hapless Candide and yet he clings to the optimistic philosophy of his old mentor Pangloss that "all is for the best". Black humour and surrealistic episodes are juxtaposed with scenes of savagery and inhumanity--from Voltaire's cool perspective, it's all part of the majesty and misery of existence. A book that truly deserves the honorific "Classic". A magnificent volume, as relevant today as the hour it was completed.
- Évaluation : 3 sur 5 étoiles3/5First of all, let me be clear of one thing: I do recognize the historical importance of this book, but what I'm about to write is a judgement based only on my view as a "casual" reader rather than a book critical or anything of that sort. I will state my opinion of the book regarding what I thought about it reading it as a fiction, not as a satire or a critique to the society and such. Therefore, I'm disregarding the historical background. As one of the characters said (though not exactly with his words), I only read what pleases me because I can actually have fun doing it. Difficult reading does not appeal me at all.
That being said, I'll tell you that I was somewhat surprised. Since this book seems to be mandatory reading for some schools throughout the world, I was already expecting something horribly boring (and I'll admit some parts dragged very, very slowly), but the reading was less painful than I thought it was going to be. In fact, at the beginning of the book I was actually smiling, because the situations Candide got himself into were hilarious in a tragic way (and vice-versa). After a while, the occurrences start getting repetitive and somewhat annoying. Candide's naivety becomes tiring, but at least the other characters are pretty decent, always trying to put him back on the right way.
Although it isn't my favorite kind of book, even if you read it as a regular fiction, Candide is somewhat a "light" reading. It's easy to understand, it's short (thank goodness) and it doesn't get lost in details and descriptions. Not bad. - Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles4/5Tragedy and comedy presented in sharp contrast satirising the optimism of certain philosophies.
- Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles4/5One of the many classics I am currently re-reading, 'Candide' still entertains me. I would credit its continued relevance as a satire on society and the human condition even though the vast majority of its contemporary references are now forgotten except by specialists and scholars. What touches the modern reader is the humour, the broad but hilariously irreverent characterisation (it had not struck me before how like Don Quixote and Sancho Panza are Candide and Cacambo), the sharpness of the satire, and the questioning philosophy. I would argue there are few more powerful books on the hold our acquisitive natures have on us and the futility of our greed, or on the merits of finding our personal gardens to cultivate.
- Évaluation : 3 sur 5 étoiles3/5This is quite the silly book. It comes to more or less the same conclusions about happiness as Hermann Hesse's Siddhartha, if a touch more (okay, a lot more) cynically. That is, that life is best when one has a purpose, a way to spend their time. The plot in a nutshell: Candide desperately tries to retain his optimism as endless and increasingly unlikely calamities befall him and his cohorts. There are funny bits, there are disturbing bits, and there are bits that make you go "huh?" but all in all it's a decent read. And short enough that it isn't a chore to get through.
- Évaluation : 3 sur 5 étoiles3/5I liked the operetto, and was having my own time of 'hah, I have always believed we live in a fundamentally Good world, what's with this shit?' so wanted to read Candide. It's hard to review the Classics TM. If it was a modern novel then there would be comments about pacing and characterisation. But actually, a surprising amount of Stuff happens, and even if it is a bit relentlessly 'hey, the world is quite random and rubbish' the ending of 'well, let's get on tending our garden' is a wise message. Also, red sheep!
- Évaluation : 1 sur 5 étoiles1/5A man with a naive philosophy faces a series of tragedies around the world.1/4 (Bad).It's all bitter, derisive "wit" that reads like a summary of a novel. I don't understand what any modern reader would get out of this.
- Évaluation : 3 sur 5 étoiles3/5This book would have been much easier to read as a contemporary to Voltaire, although far from impossible to enjoy. It can be funny, but the style is choppy and the story jumps from one disjointed plot twist to the next. A classic, but perhaps not for everyone.
Aperçu du livre
Candide ou l'Optimisme - Voltaire
Le plus grand soin a été apporté à la mise au point de ce livre numérique de la collection Candide & Cyrano, afin d’assurer une qualité éditoriale et un confort de lecture optimaux.
Malgré ce souci constant, il se peut que subsistent d’éventuelles coquilles ou erreurs. Les éditeurs seraient infiniment reconnaissants envers leurs lectrices et lecteurs attentifs s’ils avaient l’amabilité de signaler ces imperfections à l’adresse [email protected].
Candide ou l’Optimisme
Voltaire
Traduit de l'allemand de M. le Docteur Ralph
avec les additions qu'on a trouvées dans la poche du docteur,
lorsqu'il mourut à Minden, l'an de grâce 1759.[1]
Chapitre I
Comment Candide fut élevé dans un beau château, et comment il fut chassé d'icelui
Il y avait en Westphalie, dans le château de monsieur le baron de Thunder-ten-trunckh, un jeune garçon à qui la nature avait donné les mœurs les plus douces. Sa physionomie annonçait son âme. Il avait le jugement assez droit, avec l'esprit le plus simple ; c'est, je crois, pour cette raison qu'on le nommait Candide. Les anciens domestiques de la maison soupçonnaient qu'il était le fils de la sœur de monsieur le baron, et d'un bon et honnête gentilhomme du voisinage, que cette demoiselle ne voulut jamais épouser parce qu'il n'avait pu prouver que soixante et onze quartiers, et que le reste de son arbre généalogique avait été perdu par l'injure du temps.
Monsieur le baron était un des plus puissants seigneurs de la Westphalie, car son château avait une porte et des fenêtres. Sa grande salle même était ornée d'une tapisserie. Tous les chiens de ses basses-cours composaient une meute dans le besoin ; ses palefreniers étaient ses piqueurs ; le vicaire du village était son grand aumônier. Ils l'appelaient tous Monseigneur, et, ils riaient quand il faisait des contes.
Madame la baronne, qui pesait environ trois cent cinquante livres, s'attirait par là une très grande considération et faisait les honneurs de la maison avec une dignité qui la rendait encore plus respectable. Sa fille Cunégonde, âgée de dix-sept ans, était haute en couleur, fraîche, grasse, appétissante. Le fils du baron paraissait en tout digne de son père. Le précepteur Pangloss était l'oracle de la maison, et le petit Candide écoutait ses leçons avec toute la bonne foi de son âge et de son caractère.
Pangloss enseignait la métaphysico-théologo-cosmolonigologie. Il prouvait admirablement qu'il n'y a point d'effet sans cause, et que, dans ce meilleur des mondes possibles, le château de monseigneur le baron était le plus beau des châteaux, et madame la meilleure des baronnes possibles.
« Il est démontré, disait-il, que les choses ne peuvent être autrement : car tout étant fait pour une fin, tout est nécessairement pour la meilleure fin. Remarquez bien que les nez ont été faits pour porter des lunettes ; aussi avons-nous des lunettes. Les jambes sont visiblement instituées pour être chaussées, et nous avons des chausses. Les pierres ont été formées pour être taillées et pour en faire des châteaux ; aussi monseigneur a un très beau château : la plus grand baron de la province doit être le mieux logé ; et les cochons étant faits pour être mangés, nous mangeons du porc toute l'année. Par conséquent, ceux qui ont avancé que tout est bien ont dit une sottise : il fallait dire que toute est au mieux. »
Candide écoutait attentivement, et croyait innocemment : car il trouvait mademoiselle Cunégonde extrêmement belle, quoiqu'il ne prît jamais la hardiesse de le lui dire. Il concluait qu'après le bonheur d'être né baron de Thunder-ten-trunckh, le second degré de bonheur était d'être mademoiselle Cunégonde ; le troisième, de la voir tous les jours ; et le quatrième, d'entendre maître Pangloss, le plus grand philosophe de la province, et par conséquent de toute la terre.
Un jour, Cunégonde, en se promenant auprès du château, dans le petit bois qu'on appelait parc, vit entre des broussailles le docteur Pangloss qui donnait une leçon de physique expérimentale à la femme de chambre de sa mère, petite brune très jolie et très docile. Comme mademoiselle Cunégonde avait beaucoup de disposition pour les sciences, elle observa, sans souffler, les expériences réitérées dont elle fut témoin ; elle vit clairement la raison suffisante du docteur, les effets et les causes, et s'en retourna tout agitée, toute pensive, toute remplie du désir d'être savante, songeant qu'elle pourrait bien être la raison suffisante du jeune Candide qui pouvait aussi être la sienne.
Elle rencontra Candide en revenant au château, et rougit ; Candide rougit aussi ; elle lui dit bonjour d'une voix entrecoupée, et Candide lui parla sans savoir ce qu'il disait. Le lendemain, après le dîner, comme on sortait de table, Cunégonde et Candide se trouvèrent derrière un paravent ; Cunégonde laissa tomber son mouchoir, Candide le ramassa, elle lui prit innocemment la main, le jeune homme baisa innocemment la main de la jeune demoiselle avec une vivacité, une sensibilité, une grâce toute particulière ; leurs bouches se rencontrèrent, leurs yeux s'enflammèrent, leurs genoux tremblèrent, leurs mains s'égarèrent. Monsieur le baron de Thunder-ten-trunckh passa auprès du paravent, et, voyant cette cause et cet effet, chassa Candide du château à grands coups de pied dans le derrière ; Cunégonde s'évanouit ; elle fut souffletée par madame la baronne dès qu'elle fut revenue à elle-même ; et tout fut consterné dans le plus beau et le plus agréable des châteaux possibles.
Chapitre II
Ce que devint Candide parmi les Bulgares
Candide, chassé du paradis terrestre, marcha longtemps sans savoir où, pleurant, levant les yeux au ciel, les tournant souvent vers le plus beau des châteaux, qui renfermait la plus belle des baronnettes ; il se coucha sans souper au milieu des champs entre deux sillons ; la neige tombait à gros flocons. Candide, tout transi, se traîna le lendemain vers la ville voisine, qui s'appelle Waldberghoff-trarbk-dikdorff, n'ayant point d'argent, mourant de faim et de lassitude. Il s'arrêta tristement à la porte d'un cabaret.
Deux hommes habillés de bleu le remarquèrent : « Camarade, dit l'un, voilà un jeune homme très bien fait, et qui a la taille requise. » Ils s'avancèrent vers Candide, et le prièrent à dîner très civilement. — « Messieurs, leur dit Candide avec une modestie charmante, vous me faites beaucoup d'honneur, mais je n'ai pas de quoi payer mon écot. — Ah !, monsieur, lui dit un des bleus, les personnes de votre figure et de votre mérite ne payent jamais rien : n'avez-vous pas cinq pieds cinq pouces de haut ? — Oui, messieurs, c'est ma taille, dit-il en faisant la révérence. — Ah ! monsieur, mettez-vous à table ; non seulement nous vous défrayons, mais nous ne souffrirons jamais qu'un homme comme vous manque d'argent ; les hommes ne sont faits que pour se secourir les uns les autres. — Vous avez raison, dit Candide ; c'est ce que monsieur Pangloss m'a toujours dit, et je vois bien que tout est au mieux. » On le prie d'accepter quelques écus, il les prend et veut faire son billet ; on n'en veut point, on se met à table. « N'aimez-vous pas tendrement ?... — Oh ! oui, répond-il, j'aime tendrement mademoiselle Cunégonde. — Non, dit l'un de ces messieurs, nous vous demandons si vous n'aimez pas tendrement le roi des Bulgares ? — Point du tout, dit-il, car je ne l'ai jamais vu. — Comment ! c'est le plus charmant des rois, et il faut boire à sa santé. — Oh ! très volontiers, messieurs. » Et il boit. « C'en est assez, lui dit-on, vous voilà l'appui, le soutien, le défenseur, le héros des Bulgares ; votre fortune est faite, et votre gloire est assurée. » On lui met sur-le-champ les fers aux pieds, et on le mène au régiment. On le fait tourner à droite, à gauche, hausser la baguette, remettre la baguette, coucher en joue, tirer, doubler le pas, et on lui donne trente coups de bâton ; le lendemain, il fait l'exercice un peu moins mal, et il n'en reçoit que vingt coups ; le surlendemain, on ne lui en donne que dix, et il est regardé par ses camarades comme un prodige.
Candide, tout stupéfait, ne démêlait pas encore trop bien comment il était un héros. Il s'avisa un beau jour de printemps de s'aller promener, marchant tout droit devant lui, croyant que c'était un privilège de l'espèce humaine, comme de l'espèce animale, de se servir de ses jambes à son plaisir. Il n'eut pas fait deux lieues que voilà quatre autres héros de six pieds qui l'atteignent, qui le lient, qui le mènent dans un cachot. On lui demanda juridiquement ce qu'il aimait le mieux d'être fustigé trente-six fois par tout le régiment, ou de recevoir à la fois douze balles de plomb dans la cervelle. Il eut beau dire que les volontés sont libres, et qu'il ne voulait ni l'un ni l'autre, il fallut faire un choix : il se détermina, en vertu du don de Dieu qu'on nomme liberté, à passer trente-six fois par les baguettes ; il essuya deux promenades. Le régiment était composé de deux mille hommes. Cela lui composa quatre mille coups de baguettes, qui, depuis la nuque du cou jusqu'au cul, lui découvrirent les muscles et les nerfs. Comme on allait procéder à la troisième course, Candide, n'en pouvant plus, demanda en grâce qu'on voulût bien avoir la bonté de lui casser la tête ; il obtint cette faveur ; on lui bande les yeux ; on le fait mettre à genoux ; le roi des Bulgares passe dans ce moment, il s'informe du crime du patient ; et comme ce roi avait un grand génie, il comprit, par tout ce qu'il apprit de Candide, que c'était un jeune métaphysicien fort ignorant des choses de ce monde, et il lui accorda sa grâce avec une clémence qui sera louée dans tous les journaux et dans tous les siècles. Un brave chirurgien guérit Candide en trois semaines avec les