Hello! I am working on an ESP32-based project for school. I had all my functioning code in a single .ino file, but to organize it I wanted to break it into multiple files. Most everything with my includes and header files are working, but Wire (it seems to be wire) is causing me and my compiler issues. The actual code hasn't changed other than the location, and the includes are largely the same as well. All the searching I have done on this problem has told me that I "simply need to change my file from .c to .cpp". I did this, and tried many different combinations of .hpp instead of .h and got nowhere. For the sake of completeness for you kind folk, I will paste all of my files and console output.
my_gpio.h
#ifndef MY_GPIO_H
#define MY_GPIO_H
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include "driver/i2c.h"
#include "driver/gpio.h"
#include <pas-co2-ino.hpp>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include "Adafruit_BMP3XX.h"
#include <SensirionI2CSen5x.h>
/***************************************************************************
This is a library for the BMP3XX temperature & pressure sensor
Designed specifically to work with the Adafruit BMP388 Breakout
----> http://www.adafruit.com/products/3966
These sensors use I2C or SPI to communicate, 2 or 4 pins are required
to interface.
Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code,
please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing products
from Adafruit!
Written by Limor Fried & Kevin Townsend for Adafruit Industries.
BSD license, all text above must be included in any redistribution
***************************************************************************/
/*
* I2C-Generator: 0.3.0
* Yaml Version: 2.1.3
* Template Version: 0.7.0-112-g190ecaa
*/
/*
* Copyright (c) 2021, Sensirion AG
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* * Neither the name of Sensirion AG nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#define I2C_FREQ_HZ 400000
#define I2C_SDA_PIN 21
#define I2C_SCL_PIN 22
#define PERIODIC_MEAS_INTERVAL_IN_SECONDS 10
#define PRESSURE_REFERENCE 900
// Standard GPIO Pin definitions
#define LED_OUT_3 A3
#define LED_OUT_2 A2
#define LED_OUT_1 A1
#define NGPin A0
#define COPin A1
void setup_GPIO(void);
void read_all_sensors(float *ret_array, uint16_t array_size);
#endif
my_gpio.cpp
#include "my_gpio.h"
// Sensor object definitions
PASCO2Ino co2Sensor;
int16_t co2PPM;
Error_t co2Error;
Adafruit_BMP3XX bmp;
SensirionI2CSen5x sen5x;
void setupSENSensor() {
Serial.println("Setting up SEN...");
sen5x.begin(Wire);
uint16_t error;
char errorMessage[256];
error = sen5x.deviceReset();
if (error) {
Serial.print("Error trying to execute deviceReset(): ");
errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256);
Serial.println(errorMessage);
}
error = sen5x.setTemperatureOffsetSimple(0); // No temp offset
error = sen5x.startMeasurement();
Serial.println("SEN Setup!");
}
void setupBMPSensor() {
while (!bmp.begin_I2C()) { // hardware I2C mode, can pass in address & alt Wire
Serial.println("Could not find a valid BMP3 sensor, check wiring!");
}
// Set up oversampling and filter initialization
bmp.setTemperatureOversampling(BMP3_OVERSAMPLING_8X);
bmp.setPressureOversampling(BMP3_OVERSAMPLING_4X);
bmp.setIIRFilterCoeff(BMP3_IIR_FILTER_COEFF_3);
bmp.setOutputDataRate(BMP3_ODR_50_HZ);
}
void setupCO2Sensor(Error_t errorPtr, PASCO2Ino CO2SensorPtr) {
errorPtr = co2Sensor.begin();
if (XENSIV_PASCO2_OK != errorPtr) {
Serial.print("PAS CO2: initialization error: ");
Serial.println(errorPtr);
}
/* We can set the reference pressure before starting
* the measure
*/
errorPtr = co2Sensor.setPressRef(PRESSURE_REFERENCE);
if (XENSIV_PASCO2_OK != errorPtr) {
Serial.print("PAS CO2: pressure reference error: ");
Serial.println(errorPtr);
}
errorPtr = co2Sensor.startMeasure(5);
if (XENSIV_PASCO2_OK != errorPtr) {
Serial.print("PAS CO2: startmeasure error: ");
Serial.println(errorPtr);
}
if (errorPtr == XENSIV_PASCO2_OK)
Serial.println("PAS CO2: Set up sensor successfully.");
}
float readNGSensor() {
float reading = (3.3 * analogRead(NGPin)) / 4095;
return 10.938 * exp(1.7742 * (reading * 3.3 / 4095));
}
float readCOSensor() {
float sensorVoltage = (3.3 * analogRead(COPin)) / 4095;
return 3.027 * exp(1.0698 * sensorVoltage);
}
void readSENSensor(float *retArray, uint8_t arraySize) {
// Read Measurement
// Serial.println("Reading SEN...");
char errorMessage[256];
// float massConcentrationPm1p0;
// float massConcentrationPm2p5;
// float massConcentrationPm4p0;
// float massConcentrationPm10p0;
// float ambientHumidity;
// float ambientTemperature;
// float vocIndex;
// float noxIndex;
uint16_t error;
// error = sen5x.readMeasuredValues(
// massConcentrationPm1p0, massConcentrationPm2p5, massConcentrationPm4p0,
// massConcentrationPm10p0, ambientHumidity, ambientTemperature, vocIndex,
// noxIndex); // Need to copy print statement and figure out how to pass stuff along
// // Also need to figure out how to sort files in this thang
error = sen5x.readMeasuredValues(
retArray[0], retArray[1], retArray[2],
retArray[3], retArray[4], retArray[5], retArray[6],
retArray[7]);
if (error) {
Serial.print("Error trying to execute readMeasuredValues(): ");
errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256);
Serial.println(errorMessage);
// } else {
// Serial.print("MassConcentrationPm1p0:");
// Serial.print(retArray[0]);
// Serial.print("\t");
// Serial.print("MassConcentrationPm2p5:");
// Serial.print(retArray[1]);
// Serial.print("\n");
// Serial.print("MassConcentrationPm4p0:");
// Serial.print(retArray[2]);
// Serial.print("\t");
// Serial.print("MassConcentrationPm10p0:");
// Serial.print(retArray[3]);
// Serial.print("\n");
// Serial.print("AmbientHumidity:");
// if (isnan(retArray[4])) {
// Serial.print("n/a");
// } else {
// Serial.print(retArray[4]);
// }
// Serial.print("\t");
// Serial.print("AmbientTemperature:");
// if (isnan(retArray[5])) {
// Serial.print("n/a");
// } else {
// Serial.print(retArray[5]);
// }
// Serial.print("\t");
// Serial.print("VocIndex:");
// if (isnan(retArray[6])) {
// Serial.print("n/a");
// } else {
// Serial.print(retArray[6]);
// }
// Serial.print("\t");
// Serial.print("NoxIndex:");
// if (isnan(retArray[7])) {
// Serial.println("n/a");
// } else {
// Serial.println(retArray[7]);
// }
}
}
uint16_t readCO2PPM(Error_t errorPtr, PASCO2Ino CO2SensorPtr) {
co2PPM = 0;
do {
errorPtr = co2Sensor.getCO2(co2PPM);
Serial.print("Error reading CO2 w/ error code:");
Serial.println(errorPtr);
// Serial.print("CO2 ppm: ");
// Serial.println(co2PPM);
delay(1000);
} while (co2PPM == 0);
return co2PPM;
}
void read_all_sensors(float *ret_array, uint16_t array_size) {
// Reads all sensors and outputs into array
/*
0: CO2 PPM - PASCO2
1: Pressure - BMP390
2: PPM 1.0 - SEN
3: PPM 2.5 - SEN
4: PPM 4.0 - SEN
5: PPM 10.0 - SEN
6: Humidity - SEN
7: Temperature - SEN
8: VOCs - SEN
9: CO - MQ7
10: NG - MQ4
*/
// CO2
float co2_ppm_return = readCO2PPM(co2Error, co2Sensor);
String co2ppmString = String(co2_ppm_return);
// Serial.print("CO2: ");
// Serial.println(co2ppmString);
ret_array[0] = co2_ppm_return;
// Pressure
// while (!bmp.performReading()) {
// Serial.println("Failed to perform BMP390 reading :(");
// }
// Serial.print("BMP390 Temperature = ");
// Serial.print(bmp.temperature);
// Serial.println(" *C");
// Serial.print("BMP390 Pressure = ");
// Serial.print(bmp.pressure / 100.0);
// Serial.println(" hPa");
// SEN
// Uses ret_array[2] through ret_array[8]
readSENSensor(&ret_array[2], 7);
// CO
float COReading = readCOSensor();
ret_array[9] = COReading;
// Serial.print("CO ppm: ");
// Serial.println(ret_array[9]);
// NG
float NGReading = readNGSensor();
ret_array[10] = NGReading;
// Serial.print("NG ppm: ");
// Serial.println(ret_array[10]);
}
void setup_GPIO() {
// Setup I2C
// Wire.begin(); // For breadboard QT-PY ESP32
Serial.println("Setting up GPIO...");
Wire.begin(21, 22); // Used for Sparkfun Thing
Wire.setClock(I2C_FREQ_HZ); // 400KHz
setupCO2Sensor(co2Error, co2Sensor); // Setup PASCO2 Sensor
// setupBMPSensor();
setupSENSensor();
Serial.println("Successfully set up GPIO.");
}
ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld.ino
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_UNICORE
#define ARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE 0
#else
#define ARDUINO_PRIMARY_CORE 1
#define ARDUINO_AUX_CORE 0
#endif
#include "helloworld.h"
// Task handle definitions
TaskHandle_t hello_task_handle;
TaskHandle_t blink_task_handle;
TaskHandle_t blink_task_handle1;
// Preferences object creation
Preferences preferences;
void setupPreferences()
{
// Preferences is good for single KVP storage.
// We want to use SPIFF for large storage
bool status = preferences.begin("my_app", false);
}
void loop() {}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.write("Setting up...");
setup_GPIO();
setupPreferences();
// pinMode(LED_PIN_0, OUTPUT);
xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(hello_task, /*Function to call*/
"hello_task", /*Task name*/
10000, /*Stack size*/
NULL, /*Function parameters*/
1, /*Priority*/
&hello_task_handle, /*ptr to global TaskHandle_t*/
ARDUINO_PRIMARY_CORE); /*Core ID*/
// xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(blinky, "blink_task_handle", 10000, NULL, 1, &blink_task_handle, 1);
// xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(blink1, "blink1_task_handle", 10000, NULL, 1, &blink_task_handle1, 1);
}
void hello_task(void *pvParameter) {
uint16_t arraySize = 11;
float dataArray[arraySize];
uint16_t taskIteration = 0;
while (1) {
Serial.print("Hello world!\n");
Serial.print(taskIteration++);
Serial.println();
taskIteration %= arraySize;
// dataArray[0] = readCO2PPM(co2Error, co2Sensor);
read_all_sensors(&dataArray[0], arraySize);
for(int i=0;i<arraySize;i++)
Serial.println(dataArray[i]);
vTaskDelay(5000 / portTICK_RATE_MS);
}
}
void blinky(void *pvParameter) {
// pinMode(LED_OUT_3, OUTPUT);
int count = 0;
while (1) {
/* Blink off (output low) */
count++;
if (count >= 255) {
count = 0;
}
// analogWrite(LED_OUT_3, count);
vTaskDelay(10);
}
}
void blink1(void *pvParameter) {
// pinMode(LED_OUT_2, OUTPUT);
int count = 0;
while (1) {
/* Blink off (output low) */
count++;
if (count >= 255) {
count = 0;
}
// analogWrite(LED_OUT_2, count);
vTaskDelay(15);
}
}
In file included from C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/Print.h:27,
from C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/Stream.h:26,
from C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\libraries\Wire\src/Wire.h:35,
from C:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld\my_gpio.h:5,
from C:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld\my_gpio.c:1:
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/Printable.h:25:1: error: unknown type name 'class'
class Print;
^~~~~
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/Printable.h:33:1: error: unknown type name 'class'
class Printable
^~~~~
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/Printable.h:34:1: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '{' token
{
^
In file included from C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/Stream.h:26,
from C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\libraries\Wire\src/Wire.h:35,
from C:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld\my_gpio.h:5,
from C:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld\my_gpio.c:1:
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/Print.h:34:1: error: unknown type name 'class'
class Print
^~~~~
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/Print.h:35:1: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '{' token
{
^
In file included from C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\libraries\Wire\src/Wire.h:35,
from C:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld\my_gpio.h:5,
from C:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld\my_gpio.c:1:
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/Stream.h:38:1: error: unknown type name 'class'
class Stream: public Print
^~~~~
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/Stream.h:38:13: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before ':' token
class Stream: public Print
^
In file included from C:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld\my_gpio.h:5,
from C:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld\my_gpio.c:1:
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\libraries\Wire\src/Wire.h:48:1: error: unknown type name 'class'
class TwoWire: public Stream
^~~~~
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\libraries\Wire\src/Wire.h:48:14: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before ':' token
class TwoWire: public Stream
^
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\libraries\Wire\src/Wire.h:162:8: error: unknown type name 'TwoWire'
extern TwoWire Wire;
^~~~~~~
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\libraries\Wire\src/Wire.h:163:8: error: unknown type name 'TwoWire'
extern TwoWire Wire1;
^~~~~~~
In file included from c:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\libraries\XENSIV_PAS_CO2\src/pas-co2-ino.hpp:14,
from C:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld\my_gpio.h:8,
from C:\Users\Zane\Documents\Arduino\ESP32_FreeRTOS_HelloWorld\my_gpio.c:1:
C:\Users\Zane\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\2.0.14\cores\esp32/HardwareSerial.h:49:10: fatal error: functional: No such file or directory
#include <functional>
^~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
I will be very active on this topic so please let me know if you'd like more information. One of the biggest things that is throwing me off about my error is that it's claiming it's stemming from my_gpio.c, a file that doesn't exist (it's my_gpio.cpp!)
