Is there a command that dumps all known config values, including the ones that have their default value? arduino-cli config dump will just shows the ones that are set in your current config file. But that didn't give me the information I was looking for (which in my case was "where on earth are the installed libraries and packages stored").
Eventually I found that the command arduino-cli config get directories.data gave me the data I needed, but it would have been nice if arduino-cli had a config dump command similar to git config --show-origin --list which shows you all known values and where they are currently initialised from...