Ero sivun ”Luettelo virassa ollessaan kuolleista valtioiden ja hallitusten päämiehistä” versioiden välillä
Siirry navigaatioon
Siirry hakuun
[arvioimaton versio] | [arvioimaton versio] |
Poistettu sisältö Lisätty sisältö
Ei muokkausyhteenvetoa |
Ei muokkausyhteenvetoa Merkkaus: Linkki täsmennyssivulle |
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Rivi 2: | Rivi 2: | ||
Useat kuolemantapaukset ovat useimmiten johtuneet luonnollisista syistä, mutta tapauksia on myös [[salamurha]], [[teloitus]], [[itsemurha]], [[onnettomuus]] ja jopa kuolema taistelussa. |
Useat kuolemantapaukset ovat useimmiten johtuneet luonnollisista syistä, mutta tapauksia on myös [[salamurha]], [[teloitus]], [[itsemurha]], [[onnettomuus]] ja jopa kuolema taistelussa. |
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==1900–1949== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
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! Name !! Year !! Country !! Title !! colspan="2" |Place of death |
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!Cause of death |
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|- |
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| [[Federico Errázuriz Echaurren]] || 1901 || {{flag|Chile}} || [[President of Chile|President]] || [[Valparaíso]] |
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|{{Flag|Chile}}|| Illness – cerebral thrombosis<ref>{{cite web |title=Federico Errázuriz Echaurren (1850-1901) |url=https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-3417.html |website=Memoria Chilena |publisher=[[National Library of Chile]] |access-date=23 April 2024 |language=es}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[William McKinley]] || 1901 || {{flag|United States|1901}} || [[President of the United States|President]] || [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] |
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|{{flag|United States|1901}}|| [[Assassination of William McKinley|Assassination]] – shooting |
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|- |
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| [[Halil Rifat Pasha]] || 1901 || {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} || [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]] || [[Constantinople]] |
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| {{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}|| |
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|- |
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| [[Ramon Riu i Cabanes]] || 1901 || {{flag|Andorra|1934}} || [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Co-Prince]] || [[La Seu d'Urgell]] |
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| {{Flag|Spain|1874}}|| |
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|- |
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| [[Walter Hauser]] || 1902 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Federal Council (Switzerland)|Member of the Federal Council]] || [[Bern]] |
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| {{Flag|Switzerland}}|| Stroke{{sfn|Altermatt|2019|pages=189–192}} |
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|- |
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| [[Dimitrije Cincar-Marković]] || 1903 || {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Serbia}}|| [[Prime Minister of Serbia|President of the Ministry]] |
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|[[Belgrade]]|| {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Serbia}} |
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| [[May Coup (Serbia)|Assassination]] |
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|- |
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| [[Manuel Candamo]] || 1904 || {{flag|Peru|1884}} || [[President of Peru|President]] || [[Arequipa]] |
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|{{Flag|Peru|1884}}|| Heart attack<ref>{{cite book |last1=Basadre Grohmann |first1=Jorge |author1-link=Jorge Basadre |title=Historia de la República del Perú: 1822-1933 |volume=12 |date=November 2014 |publisher=Producciones Cantabria |location=Lima |isbn=978-612-306-365-8 |pages=32–33 |url=http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/blog/stein/wp-content/uploads/sites/734/2020/07/TOMO-XII-HP-Basadre.pdf |access-date=26 April 2024 |language=es}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Theodoros Diligiannis]] || 1905 || {{flagdeco|Greece|old}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] || [[Prime Minister of Greece|Prime Minister]] || [[Athens]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Greece|old}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]|| Assassination – stabbing<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Delyanni, Theodoros|volume=7|page=979}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Manuel Quintana]] || 1906 || {{flag|Argentina}} || [[President of Argentina|President]] || [[Buenos Aires]] |
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|{{Flag|Argentina}}|| Illness – pneumonia<ref>{{cite journal |title=Fallecimiento del Presidente de la República Argentina |journal=Boletín Mensual de la Oficina International de las Repúblicas Americanas |date=March 1906 |volume=XXII |issue=3 |page=599 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FDMqAQAAMAAJ&dq=manuel%20quintana&pg=PA599 |access-date=27 April 2024 |language=es}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Richard Seddon]] || 1906 || {{flag|New Zealand}} || [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]]|| colspan="2" |At sea || Heart attack<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brooking |first1=Tom |title=Richard Seddon: King of God's Own |date=2014 |publisher=Penguin |location=Auckland |isbn=9780143569671 |page=261}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Dimitar Petkov]] || 1907 || {{flag|Principality of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}} || [[Prime Minister of Bulgaria|Prime Minister]] || [[Sofia]] |
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|{{flag|Principality of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Markov |first1=Georgi |title=Покушения, насилие и политика в България 1878-1947 |date=2003 |publisher=Military Publishing House |location=Sofia |isbn=9789545092398 |pages=104–116 |language=bg}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan|Ali-Asghar Atabak]] || 1907 || {{flagdeco|Iran|1907}} [[Qajar Iran|Iran]] || [[Prime Minister of Iran|Prime Minister]] || [[Tehran]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Iran|1907}} [[Qajar Iran|Iran]]|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Afary |first1=Janet |author1-link=Janet Afary |title=The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy, and the Origins of Feminism |date=1996 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=9780231103510 |page=112}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Jules de Trooz]] || 1907 || {{flag|Belgium}} || [[Prime Minister of Belgium|Cabinet Chief]] || [[Brussels]] |
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|{{Flag|Belgium}}|| |
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|- |
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| [[Afonso Pena]] || 1909 || {{flag|Brazil|1889}} || [[President of Brazil|President]] || [[Rio de Janeiro]] |
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|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}||Illness – pneumonia<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ribeiro Viscardi |first1=Cláudia Maria |title=PENA, Afonso |publisher=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |page=15 |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/PENA,%20Afonso.pdf |access-date=23 April 2024 |language=pt}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|[[José Domingo de Obaldía]] || 1910 || {{flag|Panama}} || [[List of heads of state of Panama|President]] || [[Panama City]] || {{flag|Panama}} || |
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|- |
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| [[Boutros Ghali]] || 1910 || {{flagdeco|Egypt|1882}} [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]] || [[Cairo]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Egypt|1882}} [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reid |first1=Donald M. |title=Political Assassination in Egypt, 1910-1954 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |date=1982 |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=625–651 |doi=10.2307/217848 |jstor=217848 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/217848 |access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Pedro Montt]] || 1910 || {{flag|Chile}} || [[President of Chile|President]] || [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]] |
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|{{Flag|German Empire}} || Stroke<ref>{{cite book |last1=Castedo |first1=Leopoldo |title=Resumen de la historia de Chile: 1891-1925 |volume=IV |date=1982 |publisher=Zig-Zag |location=Santiago |isbn=9789568402686 |page=339 |language=es}}</ref> |
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| [[Elías Fernández Albano]] || 1910 || {{flag|Chile}} || Acting [[President of Chile|President]] || [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] |
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|{{Flag|Chile}}|| Illness – cold<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gumucio |first1=Rafael |title=Chile entre dos centenarios. Historia de una democracia frustrada |journal=Polis |date=27 April 2005 |issue=10 |page=8 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/polis/7463 |access-date=26 April 2024 |publisher=Centro de Investigación Sociedad y Politicas Públicas |language=es |issn=0717-6554}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Ernst Brenner]] || 1911 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Federal Council (Switzerland)|Member of the Federal Council]] || [[Menton]] |
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| {{Flag|France|1830}}|| Stroke{{sfn|Altermatt|2019|page=226}} |
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|- |
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| [[Pyotr Stolypin]] || 1911 || {{flag|Russian Empire}} || [[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]] || [[Kiev]] |
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|{{Flag|Russian Empire}}|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Geifman |first1=Anna |author1-link=Anna Geifman |title=Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894-1917 |date=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=9780691025490 |page=239}}</ref> |
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| [[Ramón Cáceres]] || 1911 || {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || [[President of the Dominican Republic|President]] || [[Santo Domingo]] |
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|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite news |title=Santo Domingan President Slain |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/11/21/104843490.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=21 November 1911}}</ref> |
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| [[Emilio Estrada Carmona]] || 1911 || {{flag|Ecuador|1900}} || [[President of Ecuador|President]] || [[Guayaquil]] |
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|{{Flag|Ecuador|1900}}|| Heart attack |
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|- |
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| [[Adolf Deucher]] || 1912 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Federal Council (Switzerland)|Member of the Federal Council]] || [[Bern]] |
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|{{Flag|Switzerland}}|| Illness{{sfn|Altermatt|2019|page=187}} |
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|- |
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| [[Cincinnatus Leconte]] || 1912 || {{flag|Haiti|1859}} || [[President of Haiti|President]] || [[Port-au-Prince]] |
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|{{Flag|Haiti|1859}}|| Accident – explosion<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gayle Plummer |first1=Brenda |author1-link=Brenda Gayle Plummer |title=Race, Nationality, and Trade in the Caribbean: The Syrians in Haiti, 1903–1934 |journal=[[The International History Review]] |date=1981 |volume=3 |issue=4 |page=536 |doi=10.1080/07075332.1981.9640260}}</ref> |
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| [[José Canalejas y Méndez|José Canalejas]] || 1912 || {{flag|Spain|1874}} || [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]] || [[Madrid]] |
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|{{Flag|Spain|1874}}|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moreno Luzón |first1=Javier |author1-link=Javier Moreno Luzón |title=Modernizing the Nation: Spain During the Reign of Alfonso XIII, 1902-1931 |date=2016 |publisher=Liverpool University Press |location=Liverpool |isbn=978-1845195052 |page=67}}</ref> |
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| [[Manuel Enrique Araujo]] || 1913 || {{flag|El Salvador}} || [[President of El Salvador|President]] || [[San Salvador]] |
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|{{Flag|El Salvador}}|| Assassination – shooting and stabbing<ref>{{cite book |last1=White |first1=Alastair |title=El Salvador |date=1973 |publisher=Praeger Publishers |location=New York/Washington |isbn=9780510395230 |page=91}}</ref> |
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| [[Tancrède Auguste]] || 1913 || {{flag|Haiti|1859}} || [[President of Haiti|President]] || [[Port-au-Prince]] |
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|{{Flag|Haiti|1859}}|| Illness – anemia<ref>{{cite book |last1=Joseph |first1=Celucien L. |title=Thinking in Public: Faith, Secular Humanism, and Development in Jacques Roumain |date=2017 |publisher=Wipf and Stock |location=Eugene, OR |isbn=9781498203814 |page=28}}</ref> |
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| [[Mahmud Shevket Pasha]] || 1913 || {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} || [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]] || [[Istanbul]] |
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|{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fieldhouse |first1=D. K. |author1-link=David Fieldhouse |title=Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914–1958 |date=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780199287376 |page=17}}</ref> |
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| [[Carl von In der Maur]]|| 1913 || {{flag|Liechtenstein|1852}} || [[List of heads of government of Liechtenstein|State Administrator]] || [[Vaduz]] |
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|{{flag|Liechtenstein|1852}}||Stroke |
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| [[Roque Sáenz Peña]] || 1914 || {{flag|Argentina}} || [[President of Argentina|President]] || [[Buenos Aires]] |
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|{{Flag|Argentina}}|| Illness<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barreda Laos |first1=Felipe |title=Roque Sáenz Peña |date=1954 |publisher=Tall. Gráf. Lombardi y Cia. |location=Buenos Aires |page=415 |language=es}}</ref> |
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| [[Vilbrun Guillaume Sam]] || 1915 || {{flag|Haiti|1859}} || [[President of Haiti|President]] || [[Port-au-Prince]] |
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|{{Flag|Haiti|1859}}|| Assassination – beating<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cornevin |first1=Robert |title=Haïti |date=1993 |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |location=Paris |isbn=978-2130458203 |page=48 |edition=2nd |language=fr}}</ref> |
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| [[Paul Eyschen]] || 1915 || {{flag|Luxembourg}} || [[Prime Minister of Luxembourg|Prime Minister]] || [[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]] |
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|{{Flag|Luxembourg}}|| Illness – heart and kidney disease |
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| [[Yuan Shikai]] || 1916 || {{flagdeco|China|1912}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] || [[President of the Republic of China|President]] || [[Beijing]] |
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|{{flagdeco|China|1912}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]|| Illness – uraemia<ref>{{cite book |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. |author1-link=Jonathan D. Spence |title=The Search for Modern China |date=1990 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |location=New York/London |isbn=9780393027082 |page=287 |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attachments/730720/178b495888f00f22effc0be03eae0936.pdf |access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref> |
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| [[Karl von Stürgkh]] || 1916 || {{Flag|Austria-Hungary|1916}}|| [[List of ministers-president of Austria|Minister-President of Cisleithania]] |
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|[[Vienna]]|| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary|1916}}|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Landauer |first1=Carl A. |title=European Socialism: From the Industrial Revolution to the First World War and Its Aftermath |volume=I |date=1959 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley and Los Angeles |page=548 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmM2vWFCaRQC |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref> |
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| [[Sidónio Pais]] || 1918 || {{flag|Portugal}} || [[President of Portugal|President]] || [[Lisbon]] |
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|{{Flag|Portugal}}|| [[Assassination of Sidónio Pais|Assassination – shooting]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wheeler |first1=Douglas L. |title=Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926 |date=1978 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |location=Madison |isbn=0-299-07454-4 |pages=152–153}}</ref> |
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| [[Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves]] || 1919 || {{flag|Brazil|1889}} || [[President of Brazil|President-elect]] || [[Rio de Janeiro]] |
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|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}|| Illness – Spanish flu<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bertucci |first1=Liane Maria |title=Influenza, a medicina enferma: ciência e práticas de cura na época da gripe espanhola em São Paulo |date=2004 |publisher=Editora da Unicamp |location=Campinas, SP |isbn=978-8526806597 |page=352 |language=pt}}</ref> |
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| [[Yakov Sverdlov]] || 1919 || {{flag|Russian SFSR|1918}}|| Chairman of the [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee]] || [[Moscow]] |
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|{{Flag|Russian SFSR|1918}}|| Illness – Spanish flu or typhus<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kotkin |first1=Stephen |author1-link=Stephen Kotkin |title=Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928 |date=2014 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York |isbn=978-1594203794 |pages=318–319 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OB90AwAAQBAJ |access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref> |
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| [[Manuel Franco]] || 1919 || {{flag|Paraguay|1842}} || [[President of Paraguay|President]] || [[Asunción]] |
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|{{Flag|Paraguay|1842}}|| Cardiac arrest<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Quevedo |editor1-first=Oscar del Carmen |title=Crónica histórica ilustrada del Paraguay: Paraguay siglo XX |volume=III |date=1998 |publisher=Distribuidora Quevedo |location=Buenos Aires |isbn=9789879246030 |page=711 |edition=2 |language=es}}</ref> |
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| [[Louis Botha]] || 1919 || {{flagdeco|South Africa|1910}} [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] || [[Prime Minister of South Africa|Prime Minister]] || [[Pretoria]] |
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|{{flagdeco|South Africa|1910}} [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]|| Illness – Spanish flu<ref>{{cite book |last1=Meintjes |first1=Johannes |author1-link=Johannes Meintjes |title=General Louis Botha: A Biography |date=1970 |publisher=Cassell |location=London |isbn=9780304935017 |page=302 |url=https://archive.org/details/generallouisboth1970mein/mode/2up |access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref> |
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| [[Eduard Müller (Swiss politician)|Eduard Müller]] || 1919 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Federal Council (Switzerland)|Member of the Federal Council]] || [[Bern]] |
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|{{Flag|Switzerland}}|| |
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|- |
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| [[Alexander Kolchak]] || 1920 || {{Flag|Russian State}}|| [[Supreme Ruler of Russia|Supreme Ruler]] |
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|[[Irkutsk]]|| {{Flag|Russian State}}|| Execution – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fleming |first1=Peter |author1-link=Peter Fleming (writer) |title=The Fate of Admiral Kolchak |date=1963 |publisher=Rupert Hart-Davis |location=London |pages=216–217 |url=https://archive.org/details/fateofadmiralkol0000pete |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref> |
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| [[Venustiano Carranza]] || 1920 || {{flag|Mexico|1916}} || [[President of Mexico|President]] ||[[Tlaxcalantongo]] |
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|{{Flag|Mexico|1916}} |
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|Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Richmond |first1=Douglas W. |title=Venustiano Carranza's Nationalist Struggle, 1893–1920 |date=1983 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |location=Lincoln and London |isbn=9780803238633 |page=235}}</ref> |
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| [[António Maria Baptista]] || 1920 || {{Flag|Portugal}}|| [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Prime Minister]] |
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|[[Lisbon]]|| {{Flag|Portugal}}|| Stroke or apoplexy{{sfn|Wheeler|1978|page=203}} |
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| [[Eduardo Dato]] || 1921 || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]] || [[Madrid]] |
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|{{Flag|Spain}}|| [[Eduardo Dato|Assassination – shooting]] |
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| [[António Granjo]] || 1921 || {{flag|Portugal}} || [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Prime Minister]] || [[Lisbon]] |
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|{{Flag|Portugal}}|| [[Bloody Night (Lisbon, 1921)|Assassination – shooting]]{{sfn|Wheeler|1978|pages=204–206}} |
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| [[Hara Takashi]] || 1921 || {{flag|Japan|1870}} || [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] || [[Tokyo]] |
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|{{Flag|Japan|1870}}|| Assassination – stabbing<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mitchell |first1=Richard H. |title=Political Bribery in Japan |date=1996 |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press |location=Honolulu, HI |isbn=978-0-8248-6396-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/politic_mit_1996_00_4336/page/44/mode/2up 44] |url=https://archive.org/details/politic_mit_1996_00_4336 |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref> |
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| [[Arthur Griffith]] || 1922 || {{Flag|Ireland}}|| [[President of Dáil Éireann]] |
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|[[Dublin]]|| {{Flag|Ireland}}|| Illness – cerebral haemorrhage<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Donoghue |first1=Martin |title=The Legacy of the Irish Parliamentary Party in Independent Ireland, 1922–1949 |date=2019 |publisher=Liverpool University Press |location=Liverpool |isbn=9781789620306 |page=21}}</ref> |
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| [[Michael Collins (Irish leader)|Michael Collins]] || 1922 || {{Flag|Ireland}}|| [[Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State|Chairman of the Provisional Government]] |
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|[[Béal na Bláth]]|| {{Flag|Ireland}}||Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coogan |first1=Tim Pat |author1-link=Tim Pat Coogan |title=Michael Collins: A Biography |date=1991 |publisher=Arrow Books |location=London |isbn=0-09-968580-9 |pages=408–412}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Gabriel Narutowicz]] || 1922 || {{flagdeco|Poland|1919}} [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] || [[President of Poland|President]] || [[Warsaw]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Poland|1919}} [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]|| [[Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz|Assassination – shooting]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Watt |first1=Richard M. |author1-link=Richard M. Watt |title=Bitter Glory: Poland and its Fate, 1918-1939 |date=1982 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=9780671453787 |pages=192–193}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar]] || 1923 || {{flag|Bogd Khanate of Mongolia|name=Mongolia}} || [[Prime Minister of Mongolia|Prime Minister]] || [[Ulaanbaatar|Niislel Khüree]] |
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|{{flagdeco|China|1912}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]|| |
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|- |
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| [[Warren G. Harding]] || 1923 || {{flag|United States|1912}} || [[President of the United States|President]] || [[San Francisco]] |
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|{{flag|United States|1912}}|| Heart attack<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ferrell |first1=Robert H. |author1-link=Robert Hugh Ferrell |title=The Strange Deaths of President Harding |date=1998 |publisher=University of Missouri Press |location=Columbia and London |isbn=0-8262-1202-6 |pages=26–29}}</ref> |
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| [[Vladimir Lenin]] || 1924 || {{flag|Soviet Union|1923}} || [[Premier of the Soviet Union|Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars]] || [[Gorki Leninskiye|Gorki]] |
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|{{Flag|Soviet Union|1923}}|| [[Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin|Stroke]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rice |first1=Christopher |title=Lenin: Portrait of a Professional Revolutionary |date=1990 |publisher=Cassell |location=London |isbn=978-0-304-31814-8 |page=194 |url=https://archive.org/details/leninportraitofp0000rice |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref> |
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| [[Rafael López Gutiérrez]] || 1924 || {{flag|Honduras|1898}} || [[President of Honduras|President]] || [[Amapala]] |
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|{{Flag|Honduras|1898}}|| Illness – diabetes<ref>{{cite book |last1=Izaguirre |first1=Ramón R. |title=Historia documentada de las fuerzas armadas de Honduras: periodo 1885-1950 |date=2003 |publisher=Multigráficos Flores |location=Tegucigalpa |isbn=9789992640142 |page=287 |language=es}}</ref> |
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| [[Friedrich Ebert]] || 1925 || {{flag|Weimar Republic|name=Germany}} || [[President of Germany|President]] || [[Berlin]] |
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|{{flag|Weimar Republic|name=Germany}}|| Illness – septic shock<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kershaw |first1=Ian |author1-link=Ian Kershaw |title=Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris |date=1998 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |location=New York |isbn=0393320359 |page=267}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Sun Yat-sen]] || 1925 || {{flagdeco|China|1912}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] || [[President of the Republic of China|Generalissimo of the National Government]] || [[Beijing]] |
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|{{flagdeco|China|1912}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]|| Illness – gall bladder cancer<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Barth |first1 = Rolf F. |last2 = Chen |first2 = Jie |date = 2 September 2016 |title = What did Sun Yat-sen really die of? A re-assessment of his illness and the cause of his death |journal = Chinese Journal of Cancer |volume = 35 |issue = 1 |page = 81 |doi = 10.1186/s40880-016-0144-9 |pmc = 5009495 |pmid = 27586157 |doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[William Ferguson Massey]] || 1925 || {{flag|New Zealand}} || [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] || [[Wellington]] |
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|{{Flag|New Zealand}}|| Illness – cancer<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gustafson |first1=Barry |author1-link=Barry Gustafson |title=Massey, William Ferguson |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2m39/massey-william-ferguson |website=[[Dictionary of New Zealand Biography]] |publisher=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |access-date=30 April 2024 |date=1993}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Katō Takaaki]] || 1926 || {{flag|Japan|1870}} || [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] || [[Tokyo]] |
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|{{Flag|Japan|1870}}|| Illness – pneumonia<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kitaoka |first1=Shinichi |author1-link=Shinichi Kitaoka |title=The Political History of Modern Japan: Foreign Relations and Domestic Policies |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |location=London and New York |isbn=978-1-138-33767-1 |page=115}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Jón Magnússon (politician)|Jón Magnússon]] || 1926 || {{flag|Iceland}} || [[Prime Minister of Iceland|Prime Minister]] || [[Neskaupstaður]] |
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|{{Flag|Iceland}}|| |
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|- |
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| [[José María Orellana]] || 1926 || {{flag|Guatemala}} || [[President of Guatemala|President]] || [[Antigua Guatemala]] |
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|{{Flag|Guatemala}}|| Heart attack<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Kinsbruner |editor1-first=Jay |editor1-link=Jay Kinsbruner |title=Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture |volume=4 |date=2008 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |location=Farmington Hills, MI |isbn=978-0-684-31590-4 |page=911 |edition=2nd}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Jānis Čakste]] || 1927 || {{flag|Latvia}} || [[President of Latvia|President]] || [[Riga]] |
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|{{Flag|Latvia}}|| |
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|- |
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| [[Charles Coghlan (politician)|Charles Coghlan]] || 1927 || {{flag|Southern Rhodesia}} || [[Prime Minister of Rhodesia|Premier]] || [[Harare|Salisbury]] |
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|{{Flag|Southern Rhodesia}}|| Illness – cerebral haemorrhage |
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|- |
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| [[Balingiin Tserendorj]] || 1928 || {{flag|Mongolian People's Republic|1924|name=Mongolia}} || [[Prime Minister of Mongolia|Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars]] |
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|[[Ulaanbaatar]]|| {{flag|Mongolian People's Republic|1924|name=Mongolia}} || Illness |
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|- |
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| [[Zhang Zuolin]] || 1928 || {{flagdeco|China|1928}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] || [[President of the Republic of China|Generalissimo of the Military Government]] |
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|[[Shenyang]]|| {{flagdeco|China|1928}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]|| Assassination – bombing{{sfn|Spence|1990|pages=364–365}} |
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|- |
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| [[Peder Kolstad]] || 1932 || {{flag|Norway}} || [[Prime Minister of Norway|Prime Minister]] || [[Oslo]] |
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|{{Flag|Norway}}|| Blood clot<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dørum |first1=Knut |title=Peder Kolstad |url=https://snl.no/Peder_Kolstad |website=[[Great Norwegian Encyclopedia|Store Norske Leksikon]] |access-date=26 April 2024 |language=no}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Paul Doumer]] || 1932 || {{flagdeco|France|1830}} [[French Third Republic|France]] || [[President of France|President]] (also [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Co-Prince of Andorra]]) || [[Paris]] |
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|{{flagdeco|France|1830}} [[French Third Republic|France]]|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnston |first1=Robert H. |title=New Mecca, New Babylon: Paris and the Russian Exiles, 1920–1945 |date=1988 |publisher=McGill–Queen's University Press |location=Kingston and Montreal |isbn=978-0773506435 |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rej0AwAAQBAJ&dq=%22paul%20doumer%22%20%22gorgulov%22&pg=PA104 |access-date=30 April 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Inukai Tsuyoshi]] || 1932 || {{flag|Japan|1870}} || [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] || [[Tokyo]] |
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|{{Flag|Japan|1870}}|| [[May 15 incident|Assassination – shooting]]{{sfn|Kitaoka|2018|page=114}} |
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|- |
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| [[Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro]] || 1933 || {{flag|Peru|1825}} || [[President of Peru|President]] || [[Lima]] |
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|{{Flag|Peru|1825}}|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Basadre Grohmann |first1=Jorge |author1-link=Jorge Basadre |title=Historia de la República del Perú: 1822-1933 |volume=16 |date=November 2014 |publisher=Producciones Cantabria |location=Lima |isbn=978-612-306-369-6 |pages=54–55 |url=http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/blog/stein/wp-content/uploads/sites/734/2020/07/TOMO-XVI-HP-Basadre.pdf |access-date=30 April 2024 |language=es}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Ion G. Duca]] || 1933 || {{flagdeco|Romania}} [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] || [[Prime Minister of Romania|Prime Minister]] || [[Prahova County|Prahova]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Romania}} [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]]|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Roland |title=Holy Legionary Youth: Fascist Activism in Interwar Romania |date=2015 |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, NY |isbn=978-0801453687 |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U45HDwAAQBAJ&dq=ion%20duca%20assassinated&pg=PA104 |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Engelbert Dollfuss]] || 1934 || {{flagdeco|Austria|1919}} [[First Austrian Republic|Austria]] || [[Chancellor of Austria|Chancellor]] || [[Vienna]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Austria|1919}} [[First Austrian Republic|Austria]]|| [[July Putsch|Assassination – shooting]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fichtner |first1=Paula Sutter |title=Historical Dictionary of Austria |date=2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham, Md. |isbn=978-0810855922 |page=174 |edition=2nd}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Paul von Hindenburg]] || 1934 || {{flagdeco|Germany|1933}} [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] || [[President of Germany|President]] || [[Ogrodzieniec, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|Neudeck]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Germany|1933}} [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]|| Illness – lung cancer |
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|- |
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| [[Józef Piłsudski]] || 1935 || {{flagdeco|Poland|1928}} [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] || [[Ministry of National Defence (Poland)|Minister of Military Affairs]] || [[Warsaw]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Poland|1928}} [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]|| Illness – liver cancer{{sfn|Watt|1982|pages=333–340}} |
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|- |
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| [[Juan Vicente Gómez]] || 1935 || {{flag|Venezuela|1930}} || [[President of Venezuela|President]] || [[Maracay]] |
|||
|{{Flag|Venezuela|1930}}||Illness – prostate cancer<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roa |first1=Raúl |author1-link=Raúl Roa García |title=15 años despues |date=1950 |publisher=Editorial Librería Selecta |location=Havana |page=290 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KR5qAAAAMAAJ&q=Juan%20Vicente%20G%C3%B3mez%20c%C3%A1ncer%20prost%C3%A1tico |access-date=29 April 2024 |language=es}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Konstantinos Demertzis]] || 1936 || {{flagdeco|Greece|old}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] || [[Prime Minister of Greece|Prime Minister]] || [[Athens]] |
|||
|{{flagdeco|Greece|old}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]|| Heart attack<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=John |last2=Sherrard |first2=Philip |author2-link=Philip Sherrard |title=Modern Greece |date=1968 |publisher=Ernest Benn |location=London |isbn=9780510379513 |page=158}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Gyula Gömbös]] || 1936 || {{flagdeco|Hungary|1920}} [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] || [[Prime Minister of Hungary|Prime Minister]] || [[Munich]] |
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| {{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}} || Illness – testicular cancer<ref>{{cite book |last1=Püski |first1=Levente |title=A Horthy-rendszer (1919–1945) |date=2006 |publisher=Pannonica |location=Budapest |isbn=963-7319-13-1 |pages=104–106 |language=hu}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|[[Panas Lyubchenko]]||1937||{{flag|Ukrainian SSR|1937}}||[[List of prime ministers of Ukraine|Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars]]|| [[Moscow]] |
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|{{Flag|USSR|1936}}||Suicide – shooting |
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|- |
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| [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] || 1938 || {{flag|Turkey}} || [[President of Turkey|President]] || [[Istanbul]] |
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|{{Flag|Turkey}}|| [[Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Illness – liver cirrhosis]] |
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|- |
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| [[Patriarch Miron of Romania|Patriarch Miron]] || 1939 || {{flagdeco|Romania}} [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] || [[Prime Minister of Romania|Prime Minister]] || [[Cannes]] |
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|{{Flag|France|1830}}|| Illness – pneumonia |
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|- |
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| [[Joseph Lyons]] || 1939 || {{flag|Australia}} || [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] || [[Sydney]] |
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|{{Flag|Australia}}|| Heart attack<ref>{{cite book |last1=Henderson |first1=Anne |author1-link=Anne Henderson (author) |title=Joseph Lyons: The People's Prime Minister |date=2011 |publisher=University of New South Wales Press |location=Kensington, NSW |isbn=978-1742240992 |page=429}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Germán Busch]] || 1939 || {{flag|Bolivia}} || [[President of Bolivia|President]] || [[La Paz]] |
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|{{Flag|Bolivia}}|| Suicide |
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|- |
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| [[Armand Călinescu]] || 1939 || {{flagdeco|Romania}} [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] || [[Prime Minister of Romania|Prime Minister]] || [[Bucharest]] |
|||
|{{flagdeco|Romania}} [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]]|| [[Assassination of Armand Călinescu|Assassination – shooting]]{{sfn|Clark|2015|page=221}} |
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|- |
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| [[Aurelio Mosquera]] || 1939 || {{flag|Ecuador|1900}} || [[President of Ecuador|President]] || [[Quito]] |
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|{{Flag|Ecuador|1900}}|| Illness – liver infection<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stornaiolo |first1=Ugo |title=Ecuador: anatomía de un país en transición |date=1999 |publisher=Ediciones Abya Yala |location=Quito |isbn=978-9978-04-554-1 |page=194 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3fD6-zpYX4C&dq=Aurelio%20Mosquera%20Narv%C3%A1ez%20%22muri%C3%B3%20de%22&pg=PA194 |access-date=29 April 2024 |language=es}}</ref> or suicide<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pineo |first1=Ronn |title=Ecuador and the United States: Useful Strangers |date=2007 |publisher=University of Georgia Press |location=Athens |isbn=9-780-8203-2971-0 |page=102}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Giuseppe Motta (politician)|Giuseppe Motta]] || 1940 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Federal Council (Switzerland)|Member of the Federal Council]] || [[Bern]] |
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| {{Flag|Switzerland}}|| Stroke |
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|- |
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| [[Justí Guitart i Vilardebó]] || 1940 || {{flag|Andorra|1939}} || [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Co-Prince]] || [[Barcelona]] |
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|{{Flag|Spain|1938}}|| |
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|- |
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| [[John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir|Lord Tweedsmuir]] || 1940 || {{flag|Canada|1921}} || [[Governor-General of Canada|Governor-General]] || [[Montreal]] |
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|{{Flag|Canada|1921}}|| Head injury following stroke<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rayner |first1=William |title=Canada on the Doorstep: 1939 |date=2011 |publisher=Dundurn |location=Toronto |isbn=978-1-55488-993-8 |page=231 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pdR_wv--DjUC&pg=PA231 |access-date=5 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Jacinto Peynado]] || 1940 || {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || [[President of the Dominican Republic|President]] || [[Santo Domingo]] |
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|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}|| |
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|- |
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| [[Michael Joseph Savage]] || 1940 || {{flag|New Zealand}} || [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] || [[Wellington]] |
|||
|{{Flag|New Zealand}}|| Illness – colon cancer<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hensley |first1=Gerald |author1-link=Gerald Hensley |title=Beyond the Battlefield: New Zealand and Its Allies 1939–45 |date=2009 |publisher=Viking/Penguin |location=Auckland |isbn=978-06-700-7404-4 |page=74}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[José Félix Estigarribia]] || 1940 || {{flag|Paraguay|1842}} || [[President of Paraguay|President]] || [[Altos, Paraguay|Altos]] |
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|{{Flag|Paraguay|1842}}|| Accident – plane crash<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kohut |first1=David |last2=Vilella |first2=Olga |title=Historical Dictionary of the "Dirty Wars" |date=2010 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Plymouth |isbn=978-0-8108-5839-8 |page=229 |edition=2nd |url=https://www.lander.odessa.ua/doc/Historical-Dictionary-Dirty-Wars.pdf |access-date=3 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Hassan Sabry Pasha]] || 1940 || {{flagdeco|Egypt|1922}} [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]] || [[Cairo]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Egypt|1922}} [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]|| Heart failure<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Moustafa |title=Egypt in the 20th Century: Chronology of Major Events |date=2003 |publisher=Megazette Press |location=London |isbn=978-0953600717 |page=156}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Kyösti Kallio]] || 1940 || {{flag|Finland}} || [[President of Finland|President]] || [[Helsinki]] |
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|{{Flag|Finland}}|| Heart attack<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nenye |first1=Vesa |last2=Munter |first2=Peter |last3=Wirtanen |first3=Toni |last4=Birks |first4=Chris |title=Finland at War: The Winter War 1939–40 |date=2018 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1-4728-1358-9 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYOXCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21 |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Ioannis Metaxas]] || 1941 || {{flagdeco|Greece|old}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] || [[Prime Minister of Greece|Prime Minister]] || [[Athens]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Greece|old}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]|| Illness – septicemia or internal haemorrhage<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vatikiotis |first1=P. J. |author1-link=P. J. Vatikiotis |title=Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936-41: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |location=London and New York |isbn=978-0-714-64445-5 |page=214}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Pál Teleki]] || 1941 || {{flagdeco|Hungary|1920}} [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] || [[Prime Minister of Hungary|Prime Minister]] || [[Budapest]] |
|||
|{{flagdeco|Hungary|1920}} [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]]|| Suicide – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Romsics |first1=Ignác |editor1-last=Stahel |editor1-first=David |editor1-link=David Stahel |title=Joining Hitler's Crusade: European Nations and the Invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941 |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge and New York, NY |isbn=978-1-316-51034-6 |page=86 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VMk-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 |access-date=3 May 2024 |chapter=Hungary}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Alexandros Koryzis]] || 1941 || {{flagdeco|Greece|old}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] || [[Prime Minister of Greece|Prime Minister]] || [[Athens]] |
|||
|{{flagdeco|Greece|old}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]|| Suicide – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mackenzie |first1=Compton |author1-link=Compton Mackenzie |title=Wind of Freedom: The History of the Invasion of Greece by the Axis Powers, 1940-1941 |date=1944 |publisher=Chatto & Windus |location=London |page=274}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Johannes Lauristin]] || 1941 || {{flag|Estonian SSR|1940}} || [[Prime Minister of Estonia|Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars]]|| colspan="2" |At sea<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Roszkowski |editor1-first=Wojciech |editor2-last=Kofman |editor2-first=Jan |editor1-link=Wojciech Roszkowski |title=Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |location=London and New York |isbn=9780765610270 |page=560}}</ref> || |
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|- |
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| [[Pedro Aguirre Cerda]] || 1941 || {{flag|Chile}} || [[President of Chile|President]] || [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] |
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|{{Flag|Chile}}|| Illness – tuberculosis<ref>{{cite book |last1=Correa Sutil |first1=Sofía |last2=Figueroa Garavagno |first2=Consuelo |last3=Jocelyn-Holt Letelier |first3=Alfredo |last4=Rolle Cruz |first4=Claudio |last5=Vicuña Urrutia |first5=Manuel |author3-link=Alfredo Jocelyn-Holt |title=Historia del siglo XX chileno: Balance paradojal |date=2005 |publisher=Editorial Sudamericana |location=Santiago |isbn=956-262-144-8 |page=129 |edition=3rd |language=es}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[José Abad Santos]] || 1942 || {{Flag|Commonwealth of the Philippines|name=Philippines}}|| Interim [[President of the Philippines|President]] |
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|[[Malabang]]|| {{Flag|Empire of Japan}}|| Execution – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Molina |first1=Antonio M. |title=The Philippines Through the Centuries |volume=II |date=1960 |publisher=U.S.T. Cooperative |location=Manila |page=342}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Thorvald Stauning]] || 1942 || {{flag|Denmark}} || [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Prime Minister]] || [[Copenhagen]] |
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|{{Flag|Denmark}}|| Illness<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wium Olesen |first1=Niels |title=Thorvald Stauning, 1873-1942 |url=https://danmarkshistorien.dk/vis/materiale/thorvald-stauning-1873-1942-1 |website=danmarkshistorien.dk |publisher=[[Aarhus University]] |access-date=23 April 2024 |language=da}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Taj al-Din al-Hasani]] || 1943 || {{flagdeco|Syria|1932}} [[First Syrian Republic|Syria]] || [[President of Syria|President]] || [[Damascus]] |
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| {{flagdeco|Syria|1932}} [[First Syrian Republic|Syria]] || Heart attack<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moubayed |first1=Sami |author1-link=Sami Moubayed |title=Steel & Silk: Men and Women Who Shaped Syria 1900–2000 |date=2006 |publisher=Cune Press |location=Seattle |isbn=1-885942-40-0 |page=244 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sC-xU8QHSooC&pg=PA244 |access-date=5 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Władysław Sikorski]] || 1943 || {{flagdeco|Poland|1928}} [[Polish government-in-exile|Poland]] || [[Prime Minister of Poland|Prime Minister]] || [[Gibraltar]] |
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|{{Flag|Gibraltar}}|| Accident – [[1943 Gibraltar Liberator AL523 crash|plane crash]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peszke |first1=Michael Alfred |author1-link=Michael Alfred Peszke |title=The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II |date=2009 |publisher=McFarland & Company |location=Jefferson, North Carolina, and London |isbn=978-0-7864-4588-2 |page=101 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xHcwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA101 |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Lin Sen]] || 1943 || {{flagdeco|China|1928}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] || [[President of the Republic of China|Chairman of the National Government]] || [[Chongqing]] |
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|{{flagdeco|China|1928}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] || Stroke |
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|- |
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| [[Manuel L. Quezon]] || 1944 || {{Flag|Commonwealth of the Philippines|name=Philippines}} || [[President of the Philippines|President]] || [[Saranac Lake, New York|Saranac Lake]] |
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|{{Flag|United States|1912}}|| Illness – tuberculosis |
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|- |
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| [[Wang Jingwei]] || 1944 || {{flag|Republic of China}} || [[President of the Republic of China|Chairman of the National Government]] (at [[Nanjing]]) || [[Nagoya]] |
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|{{Flag|Japan|1870}}|| Complications from gunshot wound<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jeremy E. |first1=Taylor |title=From Traitor to Martyr: Drawing Lessons From the Death and Burial of Wang Jingwei, 1944 |journal=Journal of Chinese History |date=January 2019 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=146–153 |doi=10.1017/jch.2017.43 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-chinese-history/article/from-traitor-to-martyr-drawing-lessons-from-the-death-and-burial-of-wang-jingwei-1944/5CE4BC20333BEBB8CBDAC55BC816FF45 |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Ahmad Maher Pasha]] || 1945 || {{flagdeco|Egypt|1922}} [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]] || [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]] || [[Cairo]] |
|||
|{{flagdeco|Egypt|1922}} [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]|| Assassination – shooting |
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|- |
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| [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] || 1945 || {{flag|United States|1912}} || [[President of the United States|President]] || [[Warm Springs, Georgia|Warm Springs]] |
|||
|{{Flag|United States|1912}}||[[Death of Franklin D. Roosevelt|Illness]] – cerebral haemorrhage<ref>{{cite book |last1=Daniels |first1=Roger |title=Franklin D. Roosevelt: The War Years, 1939–1945 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |location=Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield |isbn=978-0-252-03952-2 |pages=497–498}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Benito Mussolini]] || 1945 || {{flag|Italian Social Republic|name=Italy}} || [[Duce]] || [[Giulino di Mezzegra|Giulino]] |
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|{{Flag|Italian Social Republic}}|| [[Death of Benito Mussolini|Execution by firing squad]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moseley |first1=Ray |title=Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce |date=2004 |publisher=Taylor Trade Publishing |location=Lanham, MD |isbn=1-58979-095-2 |pages=289–310 |url=https://archive.org/details/mussolinilast60000mose/mode/2up |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[John Curtin]] || 1945 || {{flag|Australia}} || [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] || [[Canberra]] |
|||
|{{Flag|Australia}}|| Heart attack<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lee |first1=Norman E. |title=John Curtin: Saviour of Australia |date=1983 |publisher=Longman Cheshire |location=Melbourne |isbn=0-582-68860-4 |pages=161–162 |url=https://archive.org/details/johncurtinsaviou0000leen/mode/2up |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Adolf Hitler]] || 1945 || {{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}} || [[Führer]] || [[Berlin]] |
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| {{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}} || [[Death of Adolf Hitler|Suicide – shooting]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Joachimsthaler |first1=Anton |author1-link=Anton Joachimsthaler |title=The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth |date=1999 |publisher=Brockhampton Press |location=London |isbn=1-86019-902-X |pages=137–191 |url=https://archive.org/details/lastdaysofhitler0000joac_o3a8/mode/2up |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|[[Joseph Goebbels]]||1945||{{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}}||[[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]]|| [[Berlin]] |
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| {{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}} ||Suicide – shooting{{sfn|Joachimsthaler|1999|page=52}} |
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|- |
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| [[Juan Antonio Ríos]] || 1946 || {{flag|Chile}} || [[President of Chile|President]] || [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] |
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|{{Flag|Chile}}|| Illness – cancer |
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|- |
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| [[Gualberto Villarroel]] || 1946 || {{flag|Bolivia}} || [[President of Bolivia|President]] || [[La Paz]] |
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|{{Flag|Bolivia}}|| Assassination – shooting |
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|- |
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| [[Per Albin Hansson]] || 1946 || {{flag|Sweden}} || [[Prime Minister of Sweden|Prime Minister]] || [[Stockholm]] |
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|{{Flag|Sweden}}|| Heart attack<ref>{{cite book |last1=Milner |first1=Henry |title=Sweden: Social Democracy in Practice |date=1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0198277149 |page=67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W7RExBmVlpcC&pg=PA67 |access-date=3 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Nguyen Van Thinh]] || 1946 || {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Republic_of_Cochinchina.svg}} [[Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina|Cochinchina]] || President of the Provisional Government |
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|[[Ho Chi Minh City|Saigon]] || {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Republic_of_Cochinchina.svg}} [[Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina|Cochinchina]] || Suicide |
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|- |
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| [[Johannes Vares]] || 1946 || {{flag|Estonian SSR|1940}} || [[President of Estonia|Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet]] |
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|[[Tallinn]]|| {{Flag|USSR|1936}} || Suicide |
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|- |
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| [[Aung San]] || 1947 || {{flag|Burma|1948}} || [[Prime Minister of Myanmar|Premier]] || [[Yangon]] |
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|{{Flag|Burma|1948}}|| Assassination – shooting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lentz III |first1=Harris M. |title=Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992 |date=1994 |publisher=McFarland & Company |location=Jefferson, North Carolina, and London |isbn=0-89950-926-6 |page=567 |url=https://archive.org/details/headsofstatesgov0000lent/ |access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Tomás Berreta]] || 1947 || {{flag|Uruguay}} || [[President of Uruguay|President]] || [[Montevideo]] |
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|{{Flag|Uruguay}}|| Illness – prostate cancer |
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|- |
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| [[Manuel Roxas]] || 1948 || {{flag|Philippines|1936}} || [[President of the Philippines|President]] || [[Clark Air Base]] |
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|{{Flag|Philippines|1936}}|| Heart attack{{sfn|Lentz III|1994|page=638}} |
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|- |
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| [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] || 1948 || {{flag|Pakistan}} || [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor-General]] || [[Karachi]] |
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|{{Flag|Pakistan}}|| Illness – tuberculosis |
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|- |
|||
| [[Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha]] || 1948 || {{flag|Egypt|1922}} || [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]] || [[Cairo]] |
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|{{Flag|Egypt|1922}}|| Assassination – shooting{{sfn|Lentz III|1994|page=246}} |
|||
|- |
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| [[Mir Bashir Gasimov]] || 1949 || {{flag|Azerbaijan SSR|1940}} || [[Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet]] || [[Baku]] |
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| {{Flag|USSR|1936}} || |
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|- |
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| [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]] || 1949 || {{flagdeco|Greece|old}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] || [[Prime Minister of Greece|Prime Minister]] || [[Kifissia]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Greece|old}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]|| Illness |
|||
|- |
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| [[Georgi Dimitrov]] || 1949 || {{flagdeco|Bulgaria|1948}} [[People's Republic of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] || [[Prime Minister of Bulgaria|Chairman of the Council of Ministers]] || [[Barvikha]] |
|||
|{{Flag|USSR|1936}}|| Illness – heart and liver disease, abdominal cancer and internal haemorrhages<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stankova |first1=Marietta |title=Georgi Dimitrov: A Biography |date=2010 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |location=London and New York |isbn=978-1-84511-728-3 |page=228}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Husni al-Za'im]] || 1949 || {{flagdeco|Syria|1932}} [[First Syrian Republic|Syria]] || [[President of Syria|President]] || [[Damascus]] |
|||
|{{flagdeco|Syria|1932}} [[First Syrian Republic|Syria]]|| Execution by firing squad |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Muhsin al-Barazi]] || 1949 || {{flagdeco|Syria|1932}} [[First Syrian Republic|Syria]] || [[Prime Minister of Syria|Prime Minister]] || [[Damascus]] |
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|{{flagdeco|Syria|1932}} [[First Syrian Republic|Syria]]|| Execution by firing squad |
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|} |
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==1950–1999== |
==1950–1999== |
Versio 20. elokuuta 2024 kello 14.42
Tämä on luettelo valtioiden- ja hallitusten päämiehistä, jotka ovat kuolleet virka-aikanaa. Yleensä perinnölliset viranhaltijat (kuninkaat, kuningattaret, keisarit ja emiirit ) ja virkojen haltijat, joiden normaali toimikausi on elinikäinen (paavit ja elinikäiset presidentit), joten ne eivät ole luettelossa.
Useat kuolemantapaukset ovat useimmiten johtuneet luonnollisista syistä, mutta tapauksia on myös salamurha, teloitus, itsemurha, onnettomuus ja jopa kuolema taistelussa.
1900–1949
1950–1999
2000–nykyaika
Lähteet
- ↑ Federico Errázuriz Echaurren (1850-1901) National Library of Chile. Viitattu 23 April 2024. (espanja)
- ↑ Basadre Grohmann, Jorge: Historia de la República del Perú: 1822-1933, s. 32–33. 12 Lima: Producciones Cantabria, November 2014. ISBN 978-612-306-365-8 Teoksen verkkoversio. (espanja)
- ↑ Malline:EB1911
- ↑ Fallecimiento del Presidente de la República Argentina. Boletín Mensual de la Oficina International de las Repúblicas Americanas, March 1906, XXII. vsk, nro 3. Artikkelin verkkoversio. (espanja)
- ↑ Brooking, Tom: Richard Seddon: King of God's Own, s. 261. Auckland: Penguin, 2014. ISBN 9780143569671
- ↑ Markov, Georgi: Покушения, насилие и политика в България 1878-1947, s. 104–116. Sofia: Military Publishing House, 2003. ISBN 9789545092398 (bulgaria)
- ↑ Afary, Janet: The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy, and the Origins of Feminism, s. 112. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. ISBN 9780231103510
- ↑ Ribeiro Viscardi, Cláudia Maria: PENA, Afonso, s. 15. Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil. Teoksen verkkoversio. (portugali)
- ↑ Reid, Donald M.: Political Assassination in Egypt, 1910-1954. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 1982, 15. vsk, nro 4, s. 625–651. doi:10.2307/217848 JSTOR:217848 Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ Castedo, Leopoldo: Resumen de la historia de Chile: 1891-1925, s. 339. IV Santiago: Zig-Zag, 1982. ISBN 9789568402686 (espanja)
- ↑ Gumucio, Rafael: Chile entre dos centenarios. Historia de una democracia frustrada. Polis, 27 April 2005, nro 10. Centro de Investigación Sociedad y Politicas Públicas. ISSN 0717-6554 Artikkelin verkkoversio. (espanja)
- ↑ Geifman, Anna: Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894-1917, s. 239. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. ISBN 9780691025490
- ↑ Santo Domingan President Slain. The New York Times, 21 November 1911. Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ Gayle Plummer, Brenda: Race, Nationality, and Trade in the Caribbean: The Syrians in Haiti, 1903–1934. The International History Review, 1981, 3. vsk, nro 4. doi:10.1080/07075332.1981.9640260
- ↑ Moreno Luzón, Javier: Modernizing the Nation: Spain During the Reign of Alfonso XIII, 1902-1931, s. 67. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-1845195052
- ↑ White, Alastair: El Salvador, s. 91. New York/Washington: Praeger Publishers, 1973. ISBN 9780510395230
- ↑ Joseph, Celucien L.: Thinking in Public: Faith, Secular Humanism, and Development in Jacques Roumain, s. 28. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2017. ISBN 9781498203814
- ↑ Fieldhouse, D. K.: Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914–1958, s. 17. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 9780199287376
- ↑ Barreda Laos, Felipe: Roque Sáenz Peña, s. 415. Buenos Aires: Tall. Gráf. Lombardi y Cia., 1954. (espanja)
- ↑ Cornevin, Robert: Haïti, s. 48. 2nd painos. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1993. ISBN 978-2130458203 (ranska)
- ↑ Spence, Jonathan D.: The Search for Modern China, s. 287. New York/London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1990. ISBN 9780393027082 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Landauer, Carl A.: European Socialism: From the Industrial Revolution to the First World War and Its Aftermath, s. 548. I Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1959. Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Wheeler, Douglas L.: Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926, s. 152–153. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978. ISBN 0-299-07454-4
- ↑ Bertucci, Liane Maria: Influenza, a medicina enferma: ciência e práticas de cura na época da gripe espanhola em São Paulo, s. 352. Campinas, SP: Editora da Unicamp, 2004. ISBN 978-8526806597 (portugali)
- ↑ Kotkin, Stephen: Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928, s. 318–319. New York: Penguin, 2014. ISBN 978-1594203794 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Crónica histórica ilustrada del Paraguay: Paraguay siglo XX, s. 711. III 2 painos. Buenos Aires: Distribuidora Quevedo, 1998. ISBN 9789879246030 (espanja)
- ↑ Meintjes, Johannes: General Louis Botha: A Biography, s. 302. London: Cassell, 1970. ISBN 9780304935017 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Fleming, Peter: The Fate of Admiral Kolchak, s. 216–217. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1963. Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Richmond, Douglas W.: Venustiano Carranza's Nationalist Struggle, 1893–1920, s. 235. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. ISBN 9780803238633
- ↑ Mitchell, Richard H.: Political Bribery in Japan, s. 44. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8248-6396-8 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ O'Donoghue, Martin: The Legacy of the Irish Parliamentary Party in Independent Ireland, 1922–1949, s. 21. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2019. ISBN 9781789620306
- ↑ Coogan, Tim Pat: Michael Collins: A Biography, s. 408–412. London: Arrow Books, 1991. ISBN 0-09-968580-9
- ↑ Watt, Richard M.: Bitter Glory: Poland and its Fate, 1918-1939, s. 192–193. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982. ISBN 9780671453787
- ↑ Ferrell, Robert H.: The Strange Deaths of President Harding, s. 26–29. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8262-1202-6
- ↑ Rice, Christopher: Lenin: Portrait of a Professional Revolutionary, s. 194. London: Cassell, 1990. ISBN 978-0-304-31814-8 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Izaguirre, Ramón R.: Historia documentada de las fuerzas armadas de Honduras: periodo 1885-1950, s. 287. Tegucigalpa: Multigráficos Flores, 2003. ISBN 9789992640142 (espanja)
- ↑ Kershaw, Ian: Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris, s. 267. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1998. ISBN 0393320359
- ↑ Barth, Rolf F.; Chen, Jie: What did Sun Yat-sen really die of? A re-assessment of his illness and the cause of his death. Chinese Journal of Cancer, 2 September 2016, 35. vsk, nro 1. PubMed:27586157 PubMed Central:5009495 doi:10.1186/s40880-016-0144-9
- ↑ Gustafson, Barry: Massey, William Ferguson 1993. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Viitattu 30 April 2024.
- ↑ Kitaoka, Shinichi: The Political History of Modern Japan: Foreign Relations and Domestic Policies, s. 115. London and New York: Routledge, 2018. ISBN 978-1-138-33767-1
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, s. 911. 4 2nd painos. Farmington Hills, MI: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008. ISBN 978-0-684-31590-4
- ↑ Dørum, Knut: Peder Kolstad snl.no. Viitattu 26 April 2024. (norja)
- ↑ Johnston, Robert H.: New Mecca, New Babylon: Paris and the Russian Exiles, 1920–1945, s. 104. Kingston and Montreal: McGill–Queen's University Press, 1988. ISBN 978-0773506435 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Basadre Grohmann, Jorge: Historia de la República del Perú: 1822-1933, s. 54–55. 16 Lima: Producciones Cantabria, November 2014. ISBN 978-612-306-369-6 Teoksen verkkoversio. (espanja)
- ↑ Clark, Roland: Holy Legionary Youth: Fascist Activism in Interwar Romania, s. 104. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015. ISBN 978-0801453687 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Fichtner, Paula Sutter: Historical Dictionary of Austria, s. 174. 2nd painos. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0810855922
- ↑ Roa, Raúl: 15 años despues, s. 290. Havana: Editorial Librería Selecta, 1950. Teoksen verkkoversio. (espanja)
- ↑ Campbell, John; Sherrard, Philip: Modern Greece, s. 158. London: Ernest Benn, 1968. ISBN 9780510379513
- ↑ Püski, Levente: A Horthy-rendszer (1919–1945), s. 104–106. Budapest: Pannonica, 2006. ISBN 963-7319-13-1 (unkari)
- ↑ Henderson, Anne: Joseph Lyons: The People's Prime Minister, s. 429. Kensington, NSW: University of New South Wales Press, 2011. ISBN 978-1742240992
- ↑ Stornaiolo, Ugo: Ecuador: anatomía de un país en transición, s. 194. Quito: Ediciones Abya Yala, 1999. ISBN 978-9978-04-554-1 Teoksen verkkoversio. (espanja)
- ↑ Pineo, Ronn: Ecuador and the United States: Useful Strangers, s. 102. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2007. ISBN 9-780-8203-2971-0
- ↑ Rayner, William: Canada on the Doorstep: 1939, s. 231. Toronto: Dundurn, 2011. ISBN 978-1-55488-993-8 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Hensley, Gerald: Beyond the Battlefield: New Zealand and Its Allies 1939–45, s. 74. Auckland: Viking/Penguin, 2009. ISBN 978-06-700-7404-4
- ↑ Kohut, David; Vilella, Olga: Historical Dictionary of the "Dirty Wars", s. 229. 2nd painos. Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8108-5839-8 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Ahmed, Moustafa: Egypt in the 20th Century: Chronology of Major Events, s. 156. London: Megazette Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0953600717
- ↑ Nenye, Vesa; Munter, Peter; Wirtanen, Toni; Birks, Chris: Finland at War: The Winter War 1939–40, s. 21. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2018. ISBN 978-1-4728-1358-9 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Vatikiotis, P. J.: Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936-41: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas, s. 214. London and New York: Routledge, 2014. ISBN 978-0-714-64445-5
- ↑ Romsics, Ignác: ”Hungary”, Joining Hitler's Crusade: European Nations and the Invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941, s. 86. Cambridge and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-1-316-51034-6
- ↑ Mackenzie, Compton: Wind of Freedom: The History of the Invasion of Greece by the Axis Powers, 1940-1941, s. 274. London: Chatto & Windus, 1944.
- ↑ Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century, s. 560. London and New York: Routledge, 2015. ISBN 9780765610270
- ↑ Correa Sutil, Sofía; Figueroa Garavagno, Consuelo; Jocelyn-Holt Letelier, Alfredo; Rolle Cruz, Claudio; Vicuña Urrutia, Manuel: Historia del siglo XX chileno: Balance paradojal, s. 129. 3rd painos. Santiago: Editorial Sudamericana, 2005. ISBN 956-262-144-8 (espanja)
- ↑ Molina, Antonio M.: The Philippines Through the Centuries, s. 342. II Manila: U.S.T. Cooperative, 1960.
- ↑ Wium Olesen, Niels: Thorvald Stauning, 1873-1942 Aarhus University. Viitattu 23 April 2024. (tanska)
- ↑ Moubayed, Sami: Steel & Silk: Men and Women Who Shaped Syria 1900–2000, s. 244. Seattle: Cune Press, 2006. ISBN 1-885942-40-0 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Peszke, Michael Alfred: The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II, s. 101. Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland & Company, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7864-4588-2 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Jeremy E., Taylor: From Traitor to Martyr: Drawing Lessons From the Death and Burial of Wang Jingwei, 1944. Journal of Chinese History, January 2019, 3. vsk, nro 1, s. 146–153. doi:10.1017/jch.2017.43 Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ Daniels, Roger: Franklin D. Roosevelt: The War Years, 1939–1945, s. 497–498. Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-03952-2
- ↑ Moseley, Ray: Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce, s. 289–310. Lanham, MD: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-58979-095-2 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Lee, Norman E.: John Curtin: Saviour of Australia, s. 161–162. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1983. ISBN 0-582-68860-4 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Joachimsthaler, Anton: The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth, s. 137–191. London: Brockhampton Press, 1999. ISBN 1-86019-902-X Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Milner, Henry: Sweden: Social Democracy in Practice, s. 67. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. ISBN 978-0198277149 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Lentz III, Harris M.: Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992, s. 567. Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland & Company, 1994. ISBN 0-89950-926-6 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Stankova, Marietta: Georgi Dimitrov: A Biography, s. 228. London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2010. ISBN 978-1-84511-728-3
- ↑ Another Premier dies in Bulgaria. The Courier-Mail, 24 January 1950, nro 4107. Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ Sanders, Alan J. K.: Historical Dictionary of Mongolia, s. 178. 4th painos. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. ISBN 9781538102275 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ de Silva, K. M.: D. S. Senanayake: A Pictorial Biography, s. XIII. Colombo: National Archives, 1984.
- ↑ Eakin, Marshall C.: Brazil: The Once and Future Country, s. 49. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. ISBN 0-312-16200-6 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Fitzpatrick, Sheila: On Stalin's Team: The Years of Living Dangerously in Soviet Politics, s. 246. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2015. ISBN 9781400874217 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Gilderhus, Mark T.: The Second Century: U.S.–Latin American Relations Since 1889, s. 149. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 2000. ISBN 0-8420-2413-1 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Glaser, Kurt: Czecho-Slovakia: A Critical History, s. 178. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, 1961. Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Walker-Said, Charlotte: ”Church and State in the Struggle for Human Rights and Economic Dignity in Central Africa at the End of Empire”, Decolonization and the Remaking of Christianity, s. 139. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2023. ISBN 978-1-5128-2497-1
- ↑ O'Rourke, Lindsey A.: Covert Regime Change: America's Secret Cold War, s. 207. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2018. ISBN 9781501730689 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Cardinal Canali Dies in Rome; Aided Five Popes. The Catholic Standard and Times, 4 August 1961, nro 46. Catholic Research Resources Alliance. Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ Lemarchand, René: Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide, s. 54. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996. ISBN 0-521-56623-1 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Yitzhak Ben-Zvi Passes Away israeled.org. 23 April 2023. Viitattu 14 January 2024.
- ↑ Pirjevec, Jože: Tito and His Comrades, s. 326. Madison, Wisconsin, and London: University of Wisconsin Press, 2018. ISBN 9780299317706 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Thompson, Leonard: A History of South Africa, s. 189. 3rd painos. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08775-6 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Frame, Tom: The Life and Death of Harold Holt, s. 250–262. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin, 2005. ISBN 1-74114-672-0
- ↑ Ridgwell, W. M.: The Forgotten Tribes of Guyana, s. 42. London: Tom Stacey Ltd., 1972. ISBN 978-0854681846
- ↑ Baum, Patricia: Dictators of Latin America, s. 150. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1972. Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Chilean president Salvador Allende committed suicide, autopsy confirms. The Guardian, 20 July 2011. Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ Moradiellos, Enrique: Franco: Anatomy of a Dictator, s. 89. London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2018. ISBN 978-1-78453-942-9
- ↑ Berstein, Serge; Rioux, Jean-Pierre: The Pompidou Years, 1969–1974, s. 85–93. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-521-58061-7
- ↑ Gao, Wenqian: Zhou Enlai: The Last Perfect Revolutionary, s. 301–303. New York: PublicAffairs, 2007. ISBN 978-1-58648-415-6
- ↑ Howe, John: Western Sahara: A War Zone. Review of African Political Economy, 1978, 5. vsk, nro 11. doi:10.1080/03056247808703352 JSTOR:3997967 Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ Colaresi, Michael P.: Scare Tactics: The Politics of International Rivalry, s. 77. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8156-3066-2 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Ghaus, Abdul Samad: The Fall of Afghanistan: An Insider's Account, s. 200. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's International Defense Publishers, 1988. ISBN 0-08-034701-0 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ Braithwaite, Rodric: Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989, s. 99. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-983265-1
- ↑ Demick, Barbara: Nothing To Envy: Real Lives In North Korea, s. 128. London: Granta Publications, 2010. ISBN 978-1-84708-337-1 Teoksen verkkoversio.
- ↑ West, Michael O.: History vs. Historical Memory: Rosie Douglas, Black Power on Campus, and the Canadian Color Conceit. Palimpsest: A Journal on Women, Gender, and the Black International, November 27, 2017, 6. vsk, nro 1, s. 84–100. doi:10.1353/pal.2017.0012 S2CID:198773895 Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ POLITICS: How Did Dominica's Prime Minister Rosie Douglas Die? ipsnews.net. March 8, 2001.
- ↑ North Korean leader Kim Jong-il dies 'of heart attack'. BBC News, 19 December 2011. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 19 December 2011.
- ↑ Chad's President Idriss Déby dies 'in clashes with rebels'. BBC News, 20 April 2021. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 20 April 2021.
- ↑ UAE president Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed dies. Reuters, 13 May 2022. Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ President Hage Geingob is dead. Määritä julkaisu!Määritä ajankohta! Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ Regencia, Ted: Rescuers find helicopter of Iran president, foreign minister after crash aljazeera.com. Viitattu 20.5.2024. (englanti)
- ↑ Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần. Nhân Dân, 19.7.2024. Artikkelin verkkoversio.
- ↑ Wong, Tessa: Vietnamese leader Nguyen Phu Trong dies at 80 19 July 2024. British Broadcasting Corporation. Viitattu 19 July 2024.