Luteina

Luteina
Formula kimikoa	C40H56O2
SMILES kanonikoa	2D eredua
SMILES isomerikoa	CC1=C(C(C[C@@H](C1)O)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/[C@H]2C(=C[C@@H](CC2(C)C)O)C)/C)/C
MolView	3D eredua
Mota	Xantofila, [[(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol\|(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol]] (en) eta [[(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol\|(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol]] (en)
Estereoisomeroa	(1S)-lutein (en) , Lutein B/Calthaxanthin/3'-Epilutein (en) , 9'-cis-Lutein (en) , Neolutein C (en) , lutein D (en) , [[(1S)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol\|(1S)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol]] (en) , [[(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol\|(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol]] (en) , (3R,3'R,6'R,9Z)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3'-diol (en) , lutein F (en) eta 9-cis-Lutein (en)
Masa molekularra	568,428031 Da
Erabilera
Rola	primary metabolite (en)
Identifikatzaileak
InChlKey	KBPHJBAIARWVSC-RGZFRNHPSA-N
CAS zenbakia	127-40-2
ChemSpider	4519703
PubChem	5281243
Reaxys	2068550
Gmelin	28838
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1979448
EC zenbakia	204-840-0
ECHA	100.004.401
CosIng	92483
MeSH	D014975
Human Metabolome Database	HMDB0003233
KNApSAcK	C00003776
UNII	X72A60C9MT
KEGG	C08601

Luteina xantofila mota bat da. Argi urdina xurgatzen du eta ondorioz kontzentrazio txikitan kolore horia du eta kontzentrazio handitan kolore laranja-gorria. Zeaxantinaren isomeroa da.

Izena eta funtzioa

Begi barneko erretinan badugu macula lutea deritzon orbain hori bat. Horrek detaileetan erreparatzeko gaitasuna ematen digu, besteak beste irakurri ahal izateko edo pertsonen aurpegiak desberdintzeko. Bertan aurkitzen dira luteina^[1] eta zeaxantina eta hortik datorkio izena, latinezko luteus hitzak "horia" esan nahi baitu.

Antioxidatzaile eraginkorra da eta macula lutea horren endekapena ekiditen du, begi-lausoa garatzea oztopatzen du beteak beste^[2]^[3].

Iturriak

Hosto berdeko barazkietan aurkitzen da; azak, zerbak, ziazerbak... Animaliek ekoiztu ezin dutenez dietan bidez hartzen dute eta bioakumulazioz agertzen da^[4] arrautza gorringotan adibidez. Hainbat txorik hartutako luteina lumetan jalkitzen dute kolore hori edo gorriak sortzeko^[5].

Hona hemen luteina gehien duten elikagaiak.

Elikagaia	Luteina/Zeaxantina (mg/100g)
Aza kizkurtua	39,5 (gordina) 18,2 (sukaldatua)
Arbia	12,8
Ziazerba	12,2 (gordina) 11,3 (sukaldatua)
Zerba	11,0
...	...
Bruselaza	1,6
Azenarioa	0,687
Artoa	0,642
Arrautza	0,353

Erabilerak

Elikagaien koloratzailea da^[6]. Afrikako marigold (Tagetes erecta) landaretik ateratzen da industrialki ekoizteko.
Farmaziaren industrian dietaren osagarri diren produktuetan.
Maskoten elikagaietan ere erabiltzen da, etxeko arrainen janarietan batez ere.

Erreferentziak

↑ (Ingelesez) «Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease» Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 50: 34–66. 2016-01-01 doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.10.003. ISSN 1350-9462. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).
↑ «NIH study provides clarity on supplements for protection against blinding eye disease | National Eye Institute» nei.nih.gov (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).
↑ (Ingelesez) «The Relationship of Dietary Carotenoid and Vitamin A, E, and C Intake With Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Case-Control Study: AREDS Report No. 22» Archives of Ophthalmology 125 (9): 1225–1232. 2007-09-01 doi:10.1001/archopht.125.9.1225. ISSN 0003-9950. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).
↑ (Ingelesez) «Carotenoids» Linus Pauling Institute 2014-04-28 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).
↑ (Ingelesez) «Lutein-based plumage coloration in songbirds is a consequence of selective pigment incorporation into feathers» Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 135 (4): 689–696. 2003-08-01 doi:10.1016/S1096-4959(03)00164-7. ISSN 1096-4959. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).
↑ «Maintaining Color Stability» Natural Products INSIDER 2018-01-08 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).

Ikus, gainera

Karotenoideak

Kanpo estekak

Datuak: Q422067
Multimedia: Lutein / Q422067

[1] (Ingelesez) «Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease» Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 50: 34–66. 2016-01-01 doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.10.003. ISSN 1350-9462. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).

[2] «NIH study provides clarity on supplements for protection against blinding eye disease | National Eye Institute» nei.nih.gov (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).

[3] (Ingelesez) «The Relationship of Dietary Carotenoid and Vitamin A, E, and C Intake With Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Case-Control Study: AREDS Report No. 22» Archives of Ophthalmology 125 (9): 1225–1232. 2007-09-01 doi:10.1001/archopht.125.9.1225. ISSN 0003-9950. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).

[4] (Ingelesez) «Carotenoids» Linus Pauling Institute 2014-04-28 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).

[5] (Ingelesez) «Lutein-based plumage coloration in songbirds is a consequence of selective pigment incorporation into feathers» Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 135 (4): 689–696. 2003-08-01 doi:10.1016/S1096-4959(03)00164-7. ISSN 1096-4959. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).

[6] «Maintaining Color Stability» Natural Products INSIDER 2018-01-08 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-05).

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