;8<

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,5) node[circle, inner sep=1pt, draw] (A) {} node[left] {A};
\draw (A.east) --++ (2.4,0) node[anchor=in, american not port] (not1) {};
\draw (not1.out) --++ (2,0) node[anchor=in 1, american and port] (and1) {};
\draw (0,3) node[circle, inner sep=1pt, draw] (B) {} node[left] {B};
\draw (B.east) to[short,-*] ++ (0.9,0) coordinate (punto1) --++ (1.5,0)
node[anchor=in, american not port] (not2) {};
\draw (not2.out) --++ (2,0) node[anchor=in 1, american and port] (and2) {};
\draw (0,1) node[circle, inner sep=1pt, draw] (C) {} node[left] {C};
\draw (C.east) to[short,-*] ++ (1.5,0) coordinate (punto2) --++ (0.9,0)
node[anchor=in, american not port] (not3) {};
\draw (not3.out) --++ (2,0) node[anchor=in 1, american and port] (and3) {};
\draw (punto2) --++ (0,1) coordinate (flotante1);
\draw (and3.in 2) --++ (-1,0) coordinate (flotante2);
\draw (punto1) --++ (0,-3.25) coordinate (flotante3);
\draw (flotante2) |- (flotante3);
\draw (and2.in 2) to[short, -*] ++(-1,0) coordinate (punto3);
\draw (punto3) |- (flotante1);
\draw (punto3) |- (and1.in 2);
\draw (and2.out) --++ (2,0) node[anchor=in 2, american or port] (or1) {};
\draw (and3.out) --++ (2,0) node[anchor=in 1, american or port] (or2) {};
\draw (0,-1) node[circle, inner sep=1pt, draw] (D) {} node[left] {D};
\draw (and1.out) --++ (1,0) |- (or1.in 1);
\draw (D.east) --++ (8.34,0) |- (or2.in 2);
\coordinate (midpoint) at ($0.5*(or1.out) + 0.5*(or2.out)$);
\draw (midpoint) ++(3,0) node[american or port] (or3) {};
\draw (or1.out) --++ (1.4,0) |- (or3.in 1);
\draw (or2.out) --++ (1.4,0) |- (or3.in 2);
\draw (or3.out) to[short,-o] ++(3,0);
\node at ($(not1.out) + (0.1, 0.2)$) {$\bar{A}$};
\node at ($(not2.out) + (0.1, 0.2)$) {$\bar{B}$};
\node at ($(and1.out) + (0.1, 0.2)$) {$C\bar{A}$};
\node at ($(and2.out) + (0.1, 0.2)$) {$C\bar{B}$};
\node at ($(and3.out) + (0.1, 0.2)$) {$\bar{C}B$};
\node at ($(or1.out) + (0.5, 0.2)$) {$C\bar{A} + C\bar{B}$};
\node at ($(or2.out) + (0.4, 0.2)$) {$D+\bar{C}B$};
\node at ($(or3.out) + (1.3, 0.2)$) {$D+\bar{C}B \! + \! C\bar{A} \! + \! C\bar{B}$};
\end{circuitikz}

Ā
A C Ā

B̄ C Ā + C B̄
B C B̄

D + C̄B +C Ā+C B̄

C C̄B
D + C̄B

1
 ;8<

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,5) node[circle, inner sep=1pt, draw] (A) {} node[left] {A};
\draw (A.east) to[short,-*] ++(1.5,0) coordinate (punto1) -- ++(1,0)
node[anchor=in 1, american and port] (and1) {};
\draw (0,3) node[circle, inner sep=1pt, draw] (B) {} node[left] {B};
\draw (B.east) --++(0.75,0) |- (and1.in 2) {};
\draw (0,1) node[circle, inner sep=1pt, draw] (C) {} node[left] {C};
\draw (C.east) to[short,-*] ++(1.5,0) coordinate (punto2) -- ++(1,0)
node[anchor=in 2, american and port] (and2) {};
\draw (punto1) to[short,-*] ++ (0,-2) coordinate (punto3) |- (and2.in 1);
\draw (punto3)--++(1,0) node[anchor=in, american not port] (not1) {};
\draw (0,-1) node[circle, inner sep=1pt, draw] (D) {} node[left] {D};
\draw (punto2)--++(0,-2)--++(1,0) node[anchor=in, american not port] (not2) {};
\draw (and1.out)--++(1.85,0) node[anchor=in 1, american or port] (or1) {};
\draw (not2.out)--++(2,0) node[anchor=in 2, american and port] (and3) {};
\draw (not1.out)--++(1.75,0) |- (and3.in 1);
\draw (D.east)--++(0.75,0)--++(0,1.25) --++(4,0) |- (or1.in 2);
\draw (9.5,2) node[american or port,number inputs=3] (or2) {};
\draw (or1.out) |- (or2.in 1);
\draw (and3.out) |- (or2.in 3);
\draw (and2.out) --++ (3,0) |- (or2.in 2);
\draw (or2.out) to[short,-o] ++(3,0);
\node at ($(and1.out) + (0.1, 0.2)$) {$AB$};
\node at ($(not1.out) + (0.1, 0.2)$) {$\bar{A}$};
\node at ($(and2.out) + (0.1, 0.2)$) {$AC$};
\node at ($(not2.out) + (0.1, 0.2)$) {$\bar{C}$};
\node at ($(and3.out) + (0.4, 0.2)$) {$\bar{A}\bar{C}$};
\node at ($(or1.out) + (0.4, 0.2)$) {$D + AB$};
\node at ($(or2.out) + (1.4, 0.2)$) {$D + AB + AC + \bar{A}\bar{C}$ };
\end{circuitikz}

A AB
D + AB

Ā
B

D + AB + AC + ĀC̄

AC
C

ĀC̄
C̄
D

2
 ;8<

\begin{circuitikz} \begin{circuitikz}
% Definición de estilos para los devanados % Configuración de los devanados del transformador
\ctikzset{transformer L1/.style \ctikzset{transformer L1/.style
={inductors/width=0.8, inductors/coils=8}} ={inductors/width=0.8, inductors/coils=8}}
\ctikzset{transformer L2/.style \ctikzset{transformer L2/.style
={inductors/width=0.6, inductors/coils=6}} ={inductors/width=0.6, inductors/coils=6}}
\ctikzset{quadpoles/transformer core/height=1} \ctikzset{quadpoles/transformer core/height=1}

% Dibujo del transformador % Dibuja la entrada I_a y conecta al transformador

\draw (2.5,0) node[transformer core](T1){}; \draw (0,0) to[short, o-, fill=black] (1,0)
to[short, i=$I_a$] ++(1,0)
% Etiquetas para los nodos del transformador node[transformer,anchor=A1](T1){};
\node at (T1.A1) [anchor=south] {\small A1};
\node at (T1.A2) [anchor=north] {\small A2}; % Etiquetas de voltaje en el transformador
\node at (T1.B1) [anchor=south] {\small B1}; \node at (T1.west) [anchor=east]
\node at (T1.B2) [anchor=north] {\small B2}; {\small $V_{in}=\qty{2400}{\volt}$};
\node at (T1.base) {\small K}; \node at (T1.east) [anchor=west]
{\small $V_{out}=\qty{240}{\volt}$};
% Dibujo de los puntos en los devanados
%\draw (T1.inner dot A1) node[circ]{}; % Dibujo de los puntos en los devanados
%\draw (T1.inner dot B2) node[circ]{}; \draw (T1.inner dot A1) node[circ]{};
\draw (T1.inner dot B2) node[circ]{};
% Texto para el voltaje de entrada y salida
\node at (T1.west) % Conexiones a los terminales
[anchor=east] {\small $V_{in}$}; \draw (T1.B1) to[short, i=$I_a$, -o, fill=black]
\node at (T1.east) ++(2,0);
[anchor=west] {\small $V_{out}$}; \draw (T1.A2) to[short, -o, fill=black] ++(-2,0);
\draw (T1.B2) to[short, -o, fill=black] ++(2,0);
\draw (T1.A1) to[short, -*] + (-1,0); \end{circuitikz}
\draw (T1.A2) to[short, -*] (T1.A2-|0,0);
\draw (T1.B1) to[short, -*] + (1,0);
\draw (T1.B2) to[short, -*] (T1.A2-|5,0);
\end{circuitikz}
Ia Ia
A1 B1
K

Vin Vout Vin = 2400 V Vout = 240 V

A2 B2

\resizebox{1.2\textwidth}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[->,thick,blue](0,0)--(30:4)node[midway,below]{$\vec{V_1}$}coordinate(punto1)node[anchor=west]{$V_1$};
\draw[->, thick, blue] (0,0) -- (90:4);
\foreach \angle in {80, 70, 60, 50, 40} {\draw[->, dashed, blue!50!black] (0,0) -- (\angle:4);}
\draw[thick] (0,0) -- (0:4);
\draw [->, thick, teal] (0,0) -- (4.5,0) node[midway, below] {\(\vec{V_2}\)} node[anchor=west] {$V_2$};
\draw [dashed, green, <-] (punto1) -- (punto1 |- 0,0) coordinate (punto2) node[midway, right] {$\vec{V_e}$};
\draw [dashed, cyan, thick, ->] (0,0) -- (punto2) node[midway, below] {$\vec{C_{12}}$};
\draw[<->, magenta, thick] (0:1) arc[start angle=0, end angle=30, radius=1] node[midway, right] {$\theta$};
\draw[dotted, ->, cyan] (30:4.05) arc[start angle=30, end angle=90, radius=4.05];
\end{tikzpicture}}

3
 ;8<

V1

V⃗e
V⃗1
θ
V2
C⃗12 V⃗2

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\resizebox{0.9\textwidth}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis x line=center,
axis y line=center,
xtick={0, pi, 2*pi, 3*pi, 4*pi, 5*pi},
xticklabels={$0$, $\pi$, $2\pi$, $3\pi$, $4\pi$, $5\pi$},
ytick={-1, 1},
ymin=-1.3, ymax=1.3,
xmin=0, xmax=5.5*pi,
xlabel={$t$},
ylabel={$V$},
width=10cm,
height=6cm,
axis on top,
legend style={at={(0.5,-0.1)}, anchor=north, legend cell align=left, fill=teal!15},
]
\addplot[cyan, very thick, samples=100, domain=0:5*pi] {sin(deg(x))};
\addlegendentry{Señal sinusoidal}
\addplot[name path=square, blue, very thick, samples=100, domain=0:5*pi] {2*(mod(deg(x),360)<180)-1};
\addlegendentry{Señal Cuadrada}
\addplot[name path=sinusoidal, magenta, thick, samples=400, domain=0:5*pi]
{1.1*sin(deg(x))+(sin(3*deg(x))/3)+(sin(5*deg(x))/5)+(sin(7*deg(x))/7)+
(sin(9*deg(x))/9)+(sin(11*deg(x))/11)+(sin(13*deg(x))/13)+(sin(15*deg(x))/15)};
\addlegendentry{Suma de los armónicos}
\addplot[fill=red, fill opacity=0.3] fill between[of=square and sinusoidal];
\addlegendentry{Área de error}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}}
\end{figure}

4
 ;8<

V
1

t
π 2π 3π 4π 5π

−1

Señal sinusoidal
Señal Cuadrada
Suma de los armónicos
Área de error

\begin{tikzpicture}
\ctikzset{ a
seven seg/width/.initial=0.8, % Ajusta el ancho relativo del display
seven seg/thickness/.initial=16pt, % Grosor de los segmentos
seven seg/segment sep/.initial=1pt, % Separación entre segmentos
seven seg/box sep/.initial=2.8pt, % Separación de la caja externa
seven seg/color on=teal, g
f b
seven seg/color off/.initial=gray!20, % Color de los segmentos apagados
fill=gray!50!} % Color de fondo
\draw (0,0) node[seven segment val=8 dot off box on, scale=2](seg){};
\draw[->] (seg.a) -- ++(0,1) node[above] {a};
\draw[->] (seg.b) -- ++(1,0) node[right] {b};
e c
\draw[->] (seg.c) -- ++(1,0) node[right] {c};
\draw[->] (seg.d) -- ++(0,-1) node[below] {d};
\draw[->] (seg.e) -- ++(-1,0) node[left] {e};
\draw[->] (seg.f) -- ++(-1,0) node[left] {f};
\draw[->] (seg.g) -- ++(0,1) node[above] {g};
\draw[->] (seg.dot) -- ++(0,-1) node[below] {dot}; d dot
\end{tikzpicture}

5
 ;8<

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
title={Espectro de Frecuencia}, Espectro de Frecuencia
xlabel={Frecuencia (Hz)},
ylabel={Amplitud (V)},
5
xmin=0, xmax=2500,
ymin=0, ymax=5.5,
xtick={250,750,1250,1750,2250},
4
ytick={0,1,2,3,4,5,6},
ymajorgrids=true,

Amplitud (V)
grid style=dashed,
bar width=350, ybar, 3
width=0.4\textwidth,
height=0.4\textwidth,
axis background/.style={fill=black}, 2
title style={color=black},
xlabel style={color=black},
ylabel style={color=black}, 1
tick label style={color=black},
grid style={color=teal},
] 0
\addplot+[ybar, color=lime, pattern=north east lines, 250 750 1,250 1,750 2,250
pattern color=green] coordinates {(250, 5.09) (750, 1.69) Frecuencia (Hz)
(1250, 1.02) (1750, 0.72) (2250, 0.56)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}