Env 7055
Env 7055
Env 7055
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Jurisdicción:Comunitario
Cuestión prejudicial /
Ponente:Desconocido
En el asunto C-379/87,
que tiene por objeto una petición dirigida al Tribunal de Justicia, con arreglo al
artículo 177 del Tratado CEE ( LCEur 1986, 8) , por la High Court, Dublín, destinada a
obtener, en el litigio pendiente ante dicho órgano jurisdiccional entre Anita Groener y
Minister for Education and the City of Dublin Vocational Educational Committee, una
decisión prejudicial sobre la interpretación del apartado 3 del artículo 48 del Tratado
CEE ( LCEur 1986, 8) y del artículo 3 del Reglamento n° 1612/68 del Consejo, de 15
de octubre de 1968 ( LCEur 1968, 84) , relativo a la libre circulación de los
trabajadores dentro de la Comunidad (DOL 257, p. 2; EE 05/01, p. 77),
EL TRIBUNAL DE JUSTICIA,
integrado por los Sres. O. Due, Presidente; Sir Gordon Slynn, C.N. Kakouris, F.A.
Schockweiler y M. Zuleeg, Presidentes de Sala; T. Koopmans, G.F. Mancini, R. Joliet,
T.F. O' Higgins, J.C. Moitinho de Almeida y F. Grévisse, Jueces, Abogado General:
Sr. M. Darmon Secretario: Sr. J.A. Pompe, Secretario adjunto, consideradas las
observaciones presentadas:
– en nombre de la Sra. Groener, por el Sr. J.A. Reidy, Solicitor, y por el Sr. F.
Clarke, SC, en la vista,
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dicta la siguiente
Sentencia
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Podrá exigirse a los candidatos designados que no posean este certificado que se
presenten a un examen especial de irlandés consistente en una prueba oral (en lo
sucesivo, "examen"). Únicamente podrán nombrarse en puestos temporales o
permanentes a tiempo completo a quien haya superado dicho examen. El apartado 5
de esta circular confirma el mantenimiento en vigor de las disposiciones del
memorándum V7 en las que se prevé la posibilidad de dispensar de la exigencia
lingüística, a falta de otros candidatos plenamente cualificados.
Tras haber seguido un curso de cuatro semanas para principiantes organizado por
el Gael Linn Institute, la Sra. Groener se presentó, durante la última semana de dicho
curso, al referido examen, que no aprobó.
Fueron infructuosas todas las gestiones efectuadas, tanto por la Sra. Groener
como por el College, su empleador, con el fin de hacer posible una contratación
temporal a tiempo completo para el año académico 1985/1986, o de dispensarle de la
obligación de probar su conocimiento de irlandés.
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(contencioso administrativo) ante la High Court, con sede en Dublín, contra el Ministro
y el CDVEC, alegando que los requisitos exigidos por el memorándum V7 y la circular
n° 28/79 infringían tanto el artículo 48 del Tratado CEE ( LCEur 1986, 8) como lo
dispuesto en el ya citado Reglamento n° 1612/68 ( LCEur 1968, 84) .
3.1) ¿El concepto de 'orden público' que figura en el apartado 3 del artículo 48 del
Tratado CEE ( LCEur 1986, 8) debe considerarse aplicable a la política del Estado
irlandés dirigida a sostener y estimular la situación de la lengua irlandesa como
primera lengua oficial?
Para una más amplia exposición de los hechos del litigio principal, del desarrollo del
procedimiento, así como de las observaciones de las partes, este Tribunal se remite
al informe para la vista. En lo sucesivo sólo se hará referencia a estos elementos en la
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De los autos se deduce que, como ocurre con la mayor parte de las materias
cursadas en los centros públicos de enseñanza profesional, la docencia del arte se
imparte fundamentalmente, incluso exclusivamente, en lengua inglesa; de manera
que, como indican los propios términos de la segunda cuestión prejudicial, el
conocimiento de la lengua irlandesa no es indispensable para desempeñar las tareas
específicamente exigidas por una enseñanza como la que es objeto del caso de
autos.
Lo dicho, sin embargo, no basta por sí sólo para que el órgano jurisdiccional pueda
apreciar si la referida exigencia lingueística se justifica "en razón de la naturaleza del
empleo a cubrir", en el sentido propio del último párrafo del apartado 1 del artículo 3
del Reglamento n° 1612/68 ( LCEur 1968, 84) , ya citado.
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"1) En tanto que lengua nacional, la lengua irlandesa es la primera lengua oficial.
Tal como se deduce de las actuaciones, partiendo del supuesto de que la lengua
irlandesa no es hablada por todo el pueblo irlandés, el Gobierno irlandés desarrolla
desde muchos años atrás una política tendente, no sólo a mantener, sino también a
extender el empleo de esta lengua como medio de expresión de la identidad y cultura
nacionales.
Ésta es la razón por la que los cursos de irlandés son obligatorios en la enseñanza
primaria y facultativos en la secundaria. La obligación impuesta a los profesores de
los centros públicos de enseñanza profesional de poseer un cierto conocimiento de la
lengua irlandesa se inscribe precisamente entre las medidas adoptadas por el
Gobierno irlandés en el marco de esta política.
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sentido del último párrafo del apartado 1 del artículo 3 del Reglamento n° 1612/68 (
LCEur 1968, 84) .
Procede señalar, por otra parte, que, cuando las disposiciones nacionales prevean
la posibilidad de dispensar esta exigencia lingueística en el supuesto de que ningún
otro candidato plenamente cualificado haya presentado su candidatura al puesto que
deba cubrirse, el Derecho comunitario exige que, en el ejercicio de esta facultad de
dispensa, el Ministro no incurra en discriminación alguna.
Viola, por otra parte, el principio de no discriminación el hecho de exigir que los
conocimientos lingueísticos de que se trata se adquieran en el territorio nacional.
Dicho principio implica igualmente que, cuando vuelvan a presentarse como
candidatos para ocupar un puesto de profesor adjunto o de profesor, los nacionales
de los restantes Estados miembros puedan volver a intentar superar el examen oral
previamente suspendido.
Costas
Los gastos efectuados por los Gobiernos irlandés y francés, así como por la
Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas, que han presentado observaciones ante
este Tribunal de Justicia, no pueden ser objeto de reembolso.
Dado que el procedimiento tiene, para las partes del litigio principal, el carácter de
un incidente promovido ante el órgano jurisdiccional nacional, corresponde a éste
resolver sobre las costas.
EL TRIBUNAL DE JUSTICIA,
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pronunciándose sobre las cuestiones planteadas por el High Court, con sede en
Dublín, mediante resolución de 3 de diciembre de 1987, decide: