Practica #02 (Solución)
Practica #02 (Solución)
Practica #02 (Solución)
𝒅𝒚
1. Resuelva la solución de la ED. 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒚 − 𝒙𝒚; 𝒚(−𝟏) = −𝟏
Solución
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 (1 − 𝑥)
𝑥2 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 ⟹ 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 (1 − 𝑥 ) ⟹ = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 (1 − 𝑥)
⟹∫ =∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦 𝑥2
1 1
⟹ 𝐿𝑛(𝑦) = ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
1 1 1 −1
⟹ 𝐿𝑛𝑦 = − − 𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥−𝐿𝑛𝑥+𝑐 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝐿𝑛𝑥 𝑒 𝑐
𝑥
1 𝑐 −1
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥 −1 𝑒 −𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥
𝑐 1
−
𝑦(−1) = −1 ⟹ −1 = 𝑒 (−1) ⟹ 1 = 𝐶𝑒 ⇒ 𝐶 = 1/𝑒
(−1)
𝟏 −𝟏
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 ∶ 𝒚 = 𝒆 𝒙
𝒙𝒆
Solución
2 𝑒𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑥(𝑥 + 2)𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦 ′ + (1 + 𝑥) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 EDO lineal de primer orden
2
El factor integrante es: 𝑢 = 𝑒 ∫(1+𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥
2 𝑒𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 [𝑦 ′ + (1 + ) 𝑦] = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 [ 2 ]
𝑥 𝑥
𝑑
[𝑦. 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 ] = 𝑒 2𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑 [𝑦. 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 ] = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⟹ ∫ 𝑑 [𝑦. 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 ] = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑𝑥
1 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄
⟹ 𝑦. 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐 ⟹ 𝒚 =
2 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒆𝒙
3. Resolver (𝟒𝒕𝟑 𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓𝒕𝟐 − 𝒚)𝒅𝒕 + (𝒕𝟒 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝒕)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.
Solución
𝑀(𝑡, 𝑦) = 4𝑡 3 𝑦 − 15𝑡 2 − 𝑦
{ ⟹ 𝑀𝑦 = 4𝑡 3 − 1 = 𝑁𝑡 𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎
𝑁(𝑡, 𝑦) = 𝑡 4 + 3𝑦 2 − 𝑡
𝑑
𝑓 (𝑡, 𝑦) = 4𝑡 3 𝑦 − 15𝑡 2 − 𝑦
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 ⟹ 𝑑(𝑓(𝑡, 𝑦)) = (4𝑡 3 𝑦 − 15𝑡 2 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑡
4 2
𝑓(𝑡, 𝑦) = 𝑡 + 3𝑦 − 𝑡
{𝑑𝑦
⟹ 𝑓(𝑡, 𝑦) = 𝑡 4 𝑦 − 5𝑡 3 − 𝑦𝑡 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑑
⟹ 𝑓 (𝑡, 𝑦) = 𝑡 4 − 𝑡 + 𝑔′ (𝑦) = 𝑡 4 + 3𝑦 2 − 𝑡 ⟹ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = 3𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
⟹ 𝑔′ (𝑦) = 3𝑦 2 ⟹ 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦 3
Por Tanto
⟹ 𝑓 (𝑡, 𝑦) = 𝑡 4 𝑦 − 5𝑡 3 − 𝑦𝑡 + 𝑦 3 = 𝐶
∴ 𝒕𝟒 𝒚 − 𝟓𝒕𝟑 − 𝒚𝒕 + 𝒚𝟑 = 𝑪
Solución
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑥
{ ⟹ 𝑀𝑦 = 4𝑦 ≠ 2𝑦 = 𝑁𝑥 𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦
𝑀𝑦 − 𝑁𝑥 4𝑦 − 2𝑦 2𝑦 1
= = =
𝑁 2𝑥𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 𝑥
Luego en la EDO
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2
{ ⟹ 𝑀𝑦 = 4𝑦𝑥 = 𝑁𝑥 𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥 2 𝑦
𝑑
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 ⟹ 𝑑(𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦)) = 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥 2 𝑦
{ 𝑑𝑦
𝑑
⟹ 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑔′ (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 ⟹ 𝑔 ′ (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 ⟹ 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
Por Tanto
⟹ 𝑓 (𝑡, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 3 = 𝐶 ∴ 𝒙 𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙 𝟑 = 𝑪
Solución
⟹ 𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔é𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 1
𝑦
Mediante el cambio de variable 𝑢 = 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑥
en la EDO se obtiene:
(1+√𝑢)𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 (1+√𝑢)𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(1 + √𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = −𝑢√𝑢𝑑𝑥 ⟹ =− ⟹∫ = ∫− +𝑐
𝑢√𝑢 𝑥 𝑢√𝑢 𝑥
1 √𝑢 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ − + 𝑐 ⟹ ∫ 𝑢−3/2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛𝑢 = −𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑢 √𝑢 𝑢 √𝑢 𝑥
1 1 𝑦
⟹− + 𝑙𝑛𝑢 = −𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐 ⟹ − + 𝑙𝑛 ( ) = −𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
2 √𝑢 𝑦 𝑥
2. √𝑥
√𝒙
⟹− + 𝒍𝒏𝒚 = 𝒄
𝟐. √𝒚
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 7𝑥𝑦 ′ + 16𝑦 = 0
Solución:
𝑦 ′ = 𝑢′ 𝑥 4 + 4𝑢𝑥 3
Definimos 𝑦 = 𝑢. 𝑥 4 ⟹ { ′′
𝑦 = 𝑢′′ 𝑥 4 + 4𝑢′𝑥 3 + 4𝑢′𝑥 3 + 12𝑢𝑥 2
Reemplazando en la ED.
1 𝑑𝑤 1 𝑑𝑤 1
𝑤 ′ 𝑥 6 + 𝑤𝑥 5 = 0 ⟹ 𝑤 ′ + 𝑤 = 0 ⟹ =− 𝑤⟹ = − 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑤 𝑥
𝐶1
⟹ 𝐿𝑛|𝑤| = −𝐿𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐶 ⟹ 𝐿𝑛|𝑤𝑥| = 𝐶 ⟹ 𝑒 𝐶 = 𝑤𝑥 ⟹ 𝑤 =
𝑥
𝐶1 𝑑𝑢 𝐶1
⟹ 𝑢′ = ⟹ = ⟹ 𝑢 = 𝐿𝑛|𝑥| … . . (2)
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 = (𝐿𝑛|𝑥|)𝑥 4