Salazar Et Al 2020

Andean Geology 47 (2): 207-255.
May, 2020 Andean Geology

doi: 10.5027/andgeoV47n2-3118 www.andeangeology.cl
Stratigraphic and provenance analysis of Triassic rock units

between 28-29° S, northern Chile: implications on the tectonic and
paleogeographic evolution of the southwestern
margin of Gondwana
*
Esteban Salazar1, Paulina Vásquez1, Daniela Vallejos2, Christian Creixell1,
Verónica Oliveros3, Mihai N. Ducea4, 5
1
Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Santa María 0104, Santiago, Chile.
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
2
Empresa Nacional del Petróleo, Casilla 247, Punta Arenas, Chile.
[email protected]
3
Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
[email protected]
4
Departament of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
[email protected]
5
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, 010041, Bucharest, Romania.
* Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT. Triassic rock units of northern Chile (28-29° S) record the transition, both in time and space, between
two major orogenies that affected the southwestern margin of South America, the Gondwanian and Andean orogenies.
The geodynamic configuration of the margin during this transition is still a matter of debate, particularly whether subduction
was interrupted or continued under different parameters in between the orogenies. In order to evaluate these hypotheses
by understanding the paleogeographic evolution of the margin, this work synthesizes recent stratigraphical, structural and
geochronological data from northern Chile (28-29° S), along with detrital zircon analysis and detritus characterization
of the two main siliciclastic Triassic basins present in the area. A detailed study of the evolution of the San Félix and the
Canto del Agua basins, their source areas, and exhumation processes of the margin recognizes two stages of intra-arc/
forearc basins system development separated by a Carnian unconformity. The first stage (Lopingian-uppermost Middle
Triassic) develops an eastern intra-arc basin, which is represented by the volcaniclastic rocks included in the Guanaco
Sonso Formation and the roots of the volcanic arc represented by Chollay Plutonic Complex, bounded to the east by
a Pennsylvanian-Cisuralian basement block. The forearc basin for this stage is constituted by two graben depocenter,
separated by a topographic high, of marine to transitional depositional environment and proximal sediment sources. The
eastern graben is filled by conglomerates and turbiditic rocks grouped in Members M1 to M4 of the San Félix Formation,
and the western graben, by sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the lower section of the Canto del Agua Formation. The
second stage (Norian-Rhaetian) involves an eastern intra-arc basin, represented by the volcanic rocks of the La Totora
Formation that seals the exhumed roots of the magmatic arc developed in the previous stage, and a marine to transitional
forearc basin to the west, represented by the sedimentary rocks of M5 member of the San Félix Formation and the upper
section of the Canto del Agua Formation. These two successions show basal fluvial conglomerates unconformably
overlying Anisian prodelta deposits of the first stage, recording a major base level drop of the forearc basin.
Keywords: Triassic, Gondwana, Paleogeography, Intra-arc basin, Forearc basin, Carnian unconformity.
208 Stratigraphic and provenance analysis of Triassic rock units between 28-29° S, northern Chile...
RESUMEN. Análisis estratigráfico y de proveniencia de unidades de rocas triásicas entre los 28-29° S, norte de
Chile: implicancias en la evolución tectónica y paleogeográfica del margen suroccidental de Gondwana. Las unidades
de roca triásicas del norte de Chile registran la etapa transicional entre dos orogenias mayores que afectaron el margen
suroccidental de Sudamérica, las orogenias Gondwánica y Andina. Aún no existe consenso respecto de la configuración
geodinámica del margen durante esta transición, y en particular, si es que la subducción se vio interrumpida o si fue
continua, pero con distintos parámetros de convergencia. Con el fin de evaluar estas hipótesis por medio del entendimiento
de la evolución paleogeográfica del margen, en este trabajo se realiza una síntesis de los datos estratigráficos, estructurales
y geocronológicos del norte de Chile (28-29° S), incluyendo además análisis de circones detríticos y caracterización de
detritos de las dos principales cuencas sedimentaria-clásticas del Triásico, presentes en el área. Un análisis detallado de la
evolución de las cuencas de San Félix y Canto del Agua, sus áreas fuente y procesos de exhumación del margen, revela el
desarrollo en dos etapas del sistema de cuenca de antearco/intrarco, separadas por una discordancia de edad carniense. En
la primera etapa (Lopingiense-Triásico Medio alto) se desarrolla una cuenca de intrarco hacia el este, representada por las
rocas volcanoclásticas de la Formación Guanaco Sonso y el Complejo Plutónico Chollay que representa las raíces del arco
volcánico, limitada al oeste por un bloque de basamento pensilvánico-cisuraliense. El antearco de esta etapa se constituye
por depocentros tipo graben, separados por un alto topográfico, de ambiente depositacional marino a transicional y fuentes
de aporte sedimentario proximales. El graben oriental está relleno de rocas conglomerádicas y turbidíticas agrupadas en
los miembros M1 a M4 de la Formación San Félix, mientras el graben occidental, de rocas sedimentarias y volcánicas de
la sección inferior de la Formación Canto del Agua. La segunda etapa (Noriense-Rhaetiense) involucra una cuenca de
intrarco, representada por las rocas volcánicas de la Formación La Totora que sella las raíces exhumadas del arco volcánico
que se desarrolló en la etapa anterior, y una cuenca de antearco de ambiente marino a transicional, representada por las
rocas sedimentarias del Miembro M5 de la Formación San Félix y la sección superior de la Formación Canto del Agua.
Estas dos sucesiones presentan conglomerados fluviales basales que cubren discordantemente depósitos de prodelta de
edad anisiana de la etapa anterior, registrando una gran caída del nivel de base en el antearco durante el carniense.
Palabras clave: Triásico, Gondwana, Paleogeografía, Cuenca de intrarco, Cuenca de antearco, Discordancia del Carniense.
1. Introduction Franzese and Spalletti, 2001). On the other hand,

recent studies based on geochemical data postulate a
In the southwestern South American margin setting with continuous subduction under extensional
Early Triassic to Early Jurassic rock units record or transtensive tectonic regime (Vásquez et al., 2011;
the transition, both in time and space, between two Del Rey et al., 2016; Coloma et al., 2017). Most of
major orogenies, the Gondwanean and the Andean. these hypotheses are used as generalized models
The changes that occurred between these orogenies for the whole southwestern Gondwana margin;
include: westward shift of the magmatic locus, nevertheless, stratigraphical and geochronological
modifications in deformation style, magmatism and data to support both hypotheses is rather limited.
metamorphism (Fig. 1). These changes reveal an In northern Chile, between the 28° and 29° S,
important contrast in the geodynamical configuration Permian to Lower Jurassic rocks crop out widely
of the continental margin. The current hypotheses from the coastline to the Andean water divide (i.e.,
about the geodynamic setting of northern Chile Chile-Argentina international border, Fig. 1). These
during this period are divergent (Fig. 1 inset). On rock units include clastic sedimentary successions,
one hand, one model postulates continental rifting volcanic successions, and plutonic and metamorphic
and arrested subduction (Mpodozis and Kay, 1992). complexes (Reutter, 1974; Moscoso and Covacevich,
For this model, some authors propose that during the 1982; Ribba et al., 1988; Mpodozis and Kay, 1992;
Triassic-Lower Jurassic there were extensional basins Welkner et al., 2006; Murillo et al., 2013; Salazar et
with fast subsidence characterized by continental and al., 2013; Salazar and Coloma, 2016; Figs. 2 and 3).
marine sedimentation with abundant volcanoclastic Such wide variety of Permian-Triassic rocks offers a
rocks of felsic to intermediate composition (Fig. 1; unique record for the surface and subsurface geological
Charrier, 1979; Uliana and Biddle, 1988; Franzese processes that took place in the Gondwanean margin
and Spalletti, 2001). The NW-SE to NNW-SSE during the end of the Gondwanides and the birth of
orientations of these basins would be controlled by the early Andean Orogenic Cycle.
the reactivation of Paleozoic structures inherited from In this contribution, we present a complete revision
the accretionary history of the margin (Ramos, 1994; of the Permian to Triassic stratigraphy of northern
Salazar et al. / Andean Geology 47 (2): 207-255, 2020 209
JURASSIC ARC Canto del La Totora

Agua Basin Basin
TRIASSIC BASINS Guanaco Sonso

Vallenar Basin
Volcanic
La Serena
30° S
Clastic San Félix
Ischi
Basin Mercedario
PERMIAN ARC
gual
San Juan
TINA
asto
El Quereo-Los
CHILE
Molles Basin
ARGEN
Basin
Cu
72° W
yo
B
asi
n
Africa Mendoza
India
South America
G O N D WA N A
East
Australia
?
? Antartica
36° S
?
?
PANTHALASSIC
OCEAN 68° W
FIG. 1. Location and regional geological context of the study area. Features distribution in Chile and Argentina modified from Charrier
et al. (2007) and Franzese and Spalletti (2001), Gondwana reconstruction modified from Torsvik and Cocks (2013) and Castillo
et al. (2017) and references therein. .
Chile between 28° and 29° S, both in the Frontal basins developed, while the ones outcropping in the
and Coastal cordilleras. Then, through U-Pb detrital Coastal Cordillera nested the Canto del Agua basin.
zircons analysis and sediment characterization, we
study their depositional ages, possible sources and 2.1 Frontal Cordillera
genetic relationship between different basins, to then
elucidate the exhumation history of the margin. Finally, 2.1.1. Ordovician-Missisipian
we study the paleogeographic evolution in this area The oldest rock in the studied segment correspond
through a comparison between the different Triassic to those included in the El Cepo and El Tránsito
rock units and evaluate the possible geodynamic Metamorphic Complexes (ECMC and ETMC,
configuration of the margin. respectively), cropping out in the western part of
Frontal Cordillera, and the Las Placetas Formation,
2. Pre-Triassic Stratigraphy in the eastern part (Fig. 2). The ECMC is exposed as
small isolated xenoliths of phyllites and mica schists
The oldest rocks in the study area are of Paleozoic within Pennsylvanian plutons in the southernmost part
age. These units outcrop as N-S oriented belts both in of the study area (Fig. 2) whose maximal depositional
the Frontal and Coastal Cordilleras. Pre-Triassic rock age is Ordovician (Ortiz and Merino, 2015; Table 1).
units on the Frontal Cordillera constitute the basement The Las Placetas Formation is composed of
where the San Félix, Guanaco Sonso and La Totora a 500 m thick pile of low grade metagrawackes
210
Stratigraphic and provenance analysis of Triassic rock units between 28-29° S, northern Chile...
71°30' W 71° W 70°30' W 70° W
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
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FIG. 2. Distribution of Paleozoic to Triassic Units in the study area and geochronological data referenced in the text. Modified from Arévalo and Welkner (2008), Salazar et al. (2013),
Ortiz and Merino (2015), Creixell et al. (2016) and Salazar and Coloma (2016).
TABLE 1. PUBLISHED GEOCHRONOLOGICAL DATA AND LITHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF POTENTIAL ZIRCON SOURCES FOR THE TRIASSIC CLASTIC BASINS.
Salazar et al. / Andean Geology 47 (2): 207-255, 2020

Units Lithology Age Main Stratigraphic relationship
El Cepo Metamorphic Xenoliths of phyllites and mica U-Pb zircon maximum depositional age for the protolith: 450-490 Ma. Other populations: -
Complex schists 1.3-1.6 Ga, 990-1100 Ma, ca. 640 Ma ca. 520 Ma (1)
Las Placetas Formation Low grade metagrawackes and U-Pb zircon maximum depositional age of 377 Ma. Other Populations: 1.8-2 Ga, 1.2-1.3 Ga, Unconformable covered by the Guanaco
metapelites 0.9-1.2 Ga, 750-520 Ma, 520-420 Ma (1 and 2) Sonso and Laguna Chica Fms.
ETMC (El Tránsito Metabasites, quartz-mica schists, U-Pb zircon maximum depositional age: ca. 380 Ma. Other populations: 3 Ga; 2.7 Ga; 2 Unconformably covered by the San Félix Fm.
Metamorphic Complex) nodular albite-schists, quartzites Ga; 1.7 Ga; 1.1 Ga; 867 Ma; 662 Ma; 626 Ma; 596 Ma; 569 Ma; 554 Ma; 535 Ma; 504 Ma;
and marbles 492 Ma; 464 Ma; 390-380 Ma (3)
Cerro Bayo Formation Dacitic and rhyolitic crystalization U-Pb zircon ages: 301±5 Ma (4); 325±4 Ma; 323±6 Ma (5). Unconformably covered by the San Félix Fm.
volcaniclastic rocks
Chanchoquín Plutonic Granodiorites, monzogranites, crystallization U-Pb zircon ages: 286±2 Ma (6); 292±3 Ma; 296±5 Ma; 295±3 Ma (7); Unconformably covered by the San Félix Fm.
Complex tonalities and diorites 304±2 Ma (1)
EPM (El Portillo Mylonites) Metadiorites and metatonalites Protolith U-Pb zr ages: 324±4 Ma (1); 326±4 Ma; 258±3 Ma (8). Deformation Ar/Ar Unconformably covered by the La Totora Fm.
amphibole age: 251±1 Ma (7). Deformation Ar/Ar white mica age 242±1 Ma (8)
Laguna Chica Formation Dacitic and rhyolitic crystallization U-Pb zircon ages: 264±1 Ma; 268±2 Ma; 276±2 Ma (2) Unconformably covered by the Guanaco
volcaniclastic rocks. Sonso Fm. Unformably covers the Las
Frontal Cordillera
Placetas Fm.
Quebrada El Pintado Biotite bearing tonalite crystalization U-Pb monazite age: 272±3 Ma (7); U-Pb zr age 266±4 Ma (9) -
Tonalite
Quebrada Las Cañas Amphibole and biotite bearing crystallization U-Pb zircon ages: 257±2 Ma; 255±4 Ma (7) -
Tonalite tonalite
La Pampa Gneiss Sillimanite and cordierite crystallization U-Pb zircon protolith age: 307±2 Ma (9). U-Pb zircon metamorphic -
gneisses peak age: 268±2 Ma (9)
Guanaco Sonso Formation Rhyolitic welded tuffs and crystallization U-Pb zircon age: 237±6 Ma; 241±4 Ma; 241±2 Ma; 243±1 Ma; 247±4 Ma; Unconformably covers the Las Placetas and
dacitic volcanic rocks with minor 249±1 Ma; 249±1 Ma; 252±3 Ma (2), 253±2 Ma (1) Laguna Chica Fms.
siliciclastic rocks
Chollay Plutonic Complex Amphibole-and biotite-bearing crystallization U-Pb zircon ages: 244±2 Ma; 241±2 Ma; 243±2 Ma (2); 240±2 Ma; Covered by the La Totora Fm.
monzogranites, gabbros and 247±3 Ma; 237±2 Ma (7); 242±3 Ma; 248±3 Ma (9); 244±3 Ma (5)
tonalites
Pastos Blancos Formation (*) Rhyolitic to dacitic tuffs and crystallization U-Pb zircon ages: 222±2 Ma; 224±2 Ma; 232±2 Ma (5); 216±2 Ma; Unconformably covers the Chollay Plutonic
lavas and minor andesites 221±2 Ma; 222±1 Ma; 230±1 Ma; 232±1 Ma (1) Complex
Colorado syenogranites Syenogranites crystallization U-Pb zircon age: 225±2 Ma (2) -
La Totora Formation Andesitic lavas and tuffs crystallization U-Pb zircon ages: 210±3 Ma; 216±2 Ma; 218±1 Ma (7); 221±3 Ma (5); Unconformably covers the Chollay Plutonic
218±2 Ma (2) Complex and the EPM
PCMC (Punta Choros Micaschist, metaturbidites and U-Pb zr protolith age: 334±6 Ma (10). Metamorphic Ar/Ar amphibole age: 319±1 Ma (11). Unconformably covered by the Llanos del
Metamorphic Complex) metabasites. Metamorphic Ar/Ar white mica age: 260.7±1 Ma (11). Chocolate Beds. Covered in onlap by the
Cordillera
Canto del Agua Fm.

Coastal
Llanos del Chocolate Beds Conglomerates, sandstones, Crystallization U-Pb zircon ages: 304±3 Ma and 319±3 Ma (11). U-Pb zircon maximum Covers the Punta de Choros Metamorphic
mudstones, limestones and depositional age: 292±6 Ma; 292±3 Ma; 291±1 Ma; 273±6 Ma (11). Complex and is covered by the Canto del
locally dacites and tuffs Agua Fm.
(1) Ortiz and Merino, 2015; (2) Salazar and Coloma, 2016; (3) Álvarez et al., 2011; (4) Salazar, 2012; (5) Maksaev et al., 2014; (6) Pankhurst et al., 1996; (7) Salazar et al., 2013; (8) Murillo et al., 2013;
211
(9) Álvarez et al., 2013; (10) Navarro, 2013; (11) Creixell et al., 2016; (*) exposed immediately south of the study area.
and metapelites with quartz, muscovite, chlorite intrusives (Quebrada El Pintado and Quebrada
and biotite as main minerals, whose fossil content Las Cañas tonalites) and metamorphic rocks as
indicates a Late Devonian to early Carbonifeous age xenoliths within the Triassic Chollay Plutonic Complex
(Haplostigma furquei Frenguelli) which is consistent (La Pampa Gneisses; Fig. 2; Table 1). The Laguna
with published maximum depositional ages (Table 1; Chica Formation is a dacitic to rhyolitic volcaniclastic
Salazar and Coloma, 2016) and contact relationships unit that lies unconformably on the Las Placetas
(Fig. 4A). Formation rocks, is intruded by the Triassic
The ETMC is composed of metabasites, quartz- Chollay Plutonic Complex, and has reported U-Pb
mica schists, nodular albite-schists, quartz-amphibole zircon ages between 264 and 276 Ma (Salazar and
schists, quartzites and marbles and has been interpreted Coloma, 2016). Middle to upper Permian tonalitic
as a petrotectonic association of an accretionary prism units have U-Pb zircon ages ranging from 255 to
(Ribba et al., 1988) with a maximum depositional 270 Ma (Salazar et al., 2013), commonly show
age of 370 Ma (Table 1; Álvarez et al., 2011). penetrative magmatic foliation marked by orientation
Bahlburg et al. (2009) also reported U-Pb ages on of plagioclase, amphiboles and biotite crystals and
detrital zircon rims for the ETMC from an uncertain also constitute a protolith of the El Portillo Mylonites.
location, between 250 and 370 Ma. This younger age Metamorphic rocks of this age are assigned to the
distribution is more similar to that obtained from the La Pampa Gneisses (Ribba, 1985; Salazar et al.,
overlying Triassic San Félix Formation (see section 2013), sillimanite and cordierite bearing gneisses
3.2.1), and therefore this data is not considered in where Álvarez et al. (2013) interpreted a peak of
the discussion. metamorphic conditions between 5.1 and 5.6 kbar
and 709-779 °C at 268±2 Ma (Fig. 2).
2.1.2. Pennsylvanian to Cisuralian
Rock units of this age crop out in the western 2.2. Coastal Cordillera
part of the Frontal Cordillera forming a NS belt
of plutonic and volcanic rocks, defined as the 2.2.1. Pennsylvanian to Cisuralian
Chanchoquín Plutonic Complex, the Quebrada The pre-Triassic basement in the Coastal
Pinte Diorites (protolith of the El Portillo Mylonite) Cordillera in the studied segment is composed by two
and the Cerro Bayo Formation (Fig. 2; Salazar units, the Punta de Choros Metamorphic Complex
et al., 2013). The Cerro Bayo Formation is composed (PCMC, Carboniferous) (Creixell et al., 2012) and
of rhyolitic to dacitic volcaniclastics with U-Pb the sedimentary rocks of the Llanos del Chocolate
zircon ages ranging from 301 to 325 Ma (Table 1; Beds (Carboniferous-Permian) (Welkner et al.,
Salazar 2012; Maksaev et al., 2014), and is intruded 2006; Creixell et al., 2016). The PCMC consists
by the penecontemporaneous Chanchoquín of an association of mica schist, metaturbidites
Plutonic Complex, composed by coarse grained and metabasites with a very low to low grade of
granodiorites, monzogranites and foliated tonalites metamorphism up until greenschist facies with
with U-Pb zircon ages from 286 to 296 Ma (Table 1; local occurrences of amphibolites facies (Creixell
Fig. 2; Pankhurst et al., 1996; Salazar et al., 2013). et al., 2012; Navarro, 2013). The former reports a
The easternmost remnant of this plutonism is the metamorphic peak at 319±3 Ma, based on amphibole
Quebrada Pinte Diorites, outcropping east of the Ar/Ar age and a U-Pb detrital zircon maximum
Pinte fault (Fig. 2), with U-Pb zircon ages of 324 depositional age of 334±6 Ma for its protolith, which
and 326 Ma (Table 1; Ortiz and Merino, 2015; indicates a deposition age during the Carboniferous.
Murillo et al., 2013) which is one of the protoliths The Llanos del Chocolate Beds is preserved directly
of Middle Triassic El Portillo Mylonites (Table 1; to the east of the PCMC as a thick (ca. 1,300 m)
Fig. 3; Murillo et al., 2013). sedimentary sequence (Creixell et al., 2016). This
unit is composed by conglomerates, sandstones,
2.1.3. Cisuralian to Lopingian mudstones, limestones and locally exposed dacite
Eastward of the Carboniferous magmatic belt domes and tuffs with minor or no metamorphism
a Permian N-S trending magmatic belt crops out (Creixell et al., 2016). Two crystallization zircon
composed by isolated outcrops or rhyodacitic U-Pb ages obtained from dacite lavas of 304±3 and
pyroclastic rocks (Laguna Chica Formation), tonalitic 319±3 Ma and four zircon U-Pb detrital maximum
Ma COASTAL CORDILLERA FRONTAL CORDILLERA

190
Jurassic
Ja Jl
Early Sinemurian
200 Hettangian
UTrcb
Rhaetian Trca2
210
UTrlt
220 Late Norian UTrsf5

Triassic
230
CARNIAN UNCONFORMITY UTrc
Carnian
EPM
Ladinian 258 Ma
240
Middle Trca1
Anisian Trch PTrgs
Trsf1-Trsf4 326 Ma
Early Olenekian
250 Induan
Changhsingian
Lopin- Peqc
gian Wuchiapingian
260
Capitanian
Guada-
Wordian
Peqp
Lupian
270 Roadian
Plc
Plp
Permian
Kungurian 307 Ma
280
Cis-
uralian Artinskian
319 Ma
290
Sakmarian 334 Ma CPech
Asselian Pch
300 PCMC
Gzhelian
Kasimovian
Pennsylvanian
310
Moscovian Ccb
Carboniferous
320 Bashkirian Cpd
Serpukhovian
Mississippian
330
? ?
Visean
ETMC 370 Ma DClp
340
270,000 280,000 290,000 300,000 310,000 320,000 330,000 340,000 350,000 360,000 370,000 380,000 390,000 400,000 410,000 420,000 430,000
UTM E (WGS 84, 19 S)
Metamorphic unit
325 Ma U-Pb zircon protolith age Intrusive unit Volcanic unit Sedimentary unit
Unconformity Stratigraphic contact not exposed Lateral interfingering Fault assisted accomodation
UNITS
Jl Jurassic imestones UTrsf5 Member M5 of the Peqc Quebrada Las Cañas Ccb Cerro Bayo Fm.
San Félix Fm. tonalites
Ja Jurassic andesites Cpd Quebrada Pinte diorites
UTrc Colorado Syenogranites Peqp Quebrada
tonalites
El Pintado
Pch Llanos del Chocolate beds
UTrcb Carrizal Bajo Plutonic Complex Members M1 to M4 of
Trsf1-Trsf4 the San Félix Fm. Plp La Pampa Gneisses Punta de Choros Metamorphic
Trca2 Canto del Agua Fm. (Upper Section) PCMC Complex and Chañaral
Plc
Laguna Chica Fm. Epimetamorphic Complex
EPM El Portillo Mylonites
Chanchoquin Plutonic
Trca1 Canto del Agua Fm. (Lower Section) Trch Chollay Plutonic Complex CPech Complex ETMC El Transito Metamorphic
Complex
UTrlt La Totora Fm. PTrgs Guanaco Sonso Fm. DClp Las Placetas Formation
FIG. 3 Chronostratigraphic scheme of the Paleozoic and Triassic units from the Coastal and Frontal Cordilleras in the study area.
Based on Cohen et al. (2013).
depositional ages between 273 and 292 Ma indicate an (Fig. 4; Reutter, 1974; Ribba, 1985; Salazar, 2012)
upper Carboniferous to Permian age for the sequence and is composed by 5 members, M1 through M5,
(Creixell et al., 2016). These ages are consistent with from bottom to top (Ribba, 1985). Members M1
Permian brachiopod fauna recognized near to the and M5 are dominantly conglomeratic, though the
base of this unit (Welkner et al., 2006). latter also include volcanic intercalations, members
M2 and M4 are turbiditic successions, and M3 is
3. Triassic basins in Chile at 28-29° S composed of sandstones and conglomerates.
Northward and southward of its type locality,
3.1. San Félix basin the San Félix town, the thickness of the San
Félix Formation dramatically diminishes as its
3.1.1. Stratigraphy members M1 to M4 progressively onlap onto the
The filling of this basin is exclusively made up by metamorphic basement (Figs.1 and 4). To the west,
the sedimentary rocks of the San Félix Formation, a the San Félix Formation is truncated by the Late
NS-striking siliciclastic wedge, reaching up to 6 km in Cretaceous to Tertiary west vergent San Félix
thickness, that crops out along the Del Carmen River Thrust (Salazar et al., 2013) while, to the east,
its thickness is abruptly reduced, as the uppermost (Zeil, 1958; Barthel, 1958; Ribba, 1985; Salazar et al.,
member M5 lies directly over the ETMC, east of 2013; Fig. 3) which suggests that the topmost M5
the high angle Las Pircas fault (Figs. 2, 3 and 4C). member of the formation represents a f luvial
The topmost member of the San Félix Formation system within a different geological context, likely
unconformably overlies the M4 Member (Fig. 4D) influenced by the volcanic processes related to the
and the ETMC (Fig. 4C), to the west and east of La Totora Formation, since these two units laterally
the Las Pircas fault, respectively, and it laterally interfinger (Table 1).
interfingers towards the northeast with the lower
section of the La Totora Formation. 3.2. Guanaco Sonso basin
Fossil marine fauna from member M4 indicate
an Anisian age (Fig. 4; Zeil, 1958; Barthel, 1958), 3.2.1. Stratigraphy
which is consistent with the Norian age assigned to The units involved in the configuration of this
the M5 Member by Salazar et al. (2013). The only basin are the Guanaco Sonso Formation, the Chollay
constraint for the initiation of deposition of the San Plutonic Complex and the El Portillo Mylonites.
Félix Formation previous to this work is the underlying The volcaniclastic Guanaco Sonso Formation
Pennsylvanian Cerro Bayo Formation (Fig. 4C). corresponds to the filling of the basin, which is
Two U-Pb crystallization zircon ages and one detrital contemporaneous and partially intruded by the
zircon age indicate a Norian (middle Upper Triassic) granitic Chollay Plutonic Complex. Both of these
age for the M5 member (Table 1), which is also units are bounded to the west by the mylonitic NS
consistent with paleoflora age determinations (Mohr trending belt of the El Portillo Mylonites.
and Schöner, 1985; Salazar et al., 2013). Guanaco Sonso Formation. The Guanaco
Sonso Formation (Martin et al., 1999) consists
3.1.2. Basin evolution and depositional environment in a volcaniclastic succession cropping out in
The areal distribution and stratigraphic relation- the eastern part of the Frontal Cordillera (Fig. 2).
ships of the different members of the San Félix It covers, in an angular unconformity, the Late
Formation led Salazar et al. (2013) to differentiate Devonian Las Placetas Forma-tion (Fig. 4A) and
a rift sequence, composed by Member M1 to M4, the Guadalupian Laguna Chica Formation, and
from a post-rift sequence, represented by the M5 is intruded by penecontemporaneous granites of
Member. Moreover, to the east of Las Pircas fault the Chollay Plutonic Complex. It is best exposed
the M5 member lies directly on metamorphic close to the Chile-Argentina international border,
basement (Figs. 2 and 4C, Table 1), implying that where it reaches nearly 300 m in thickness and is
this fault accommodated members M1 through unconformably covered by Paleocene to Miocene
M4 of the San Félix Formation during the Early strata. It is composed of basalts at the base, and
and Middle Triassic, ending its activity in the Late dacitic to rhyolitic tuffs and lavas with sandstones,
Triassic, when it was covered and sealed by the conglomerates and mudstone intercalations towards
M5 Member and the La Totora Formation (Fig. 3), the top (Salazar and Coloma, 2016).
hence representing the eastern border fault of the The Guanaco Sonso Formation was originally
San Félix basin. assigned a Guadalupian (middle Permian) age,
Sedimentological studies interpret the San based on multigrain U-Pb zircon ages (Martin et al.,
Félix Formation (Triassic) as a marine fan 1999; Charchaflié, 2003), however, recently, a series
delta depositional system, where conglomeratic of single grain LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages obtained
members M1 and M5 correspond to delta plain by Ortiz and Merino (2015) and Salazar and Coloma
fluvial system, fine grained M2 and M4 members (2016), including an age in its type locality, allowed
correspond to prodelta environments and the sandy these authors to reassign this unit to an age range
to conglomeratic M3 member as the upper part of between 254 and 237 Ma, arguing that the presence
the delta slope, with episodic subaerial exposure of inherited populations of Cisularian to Guadalupian
(Reutter, 1974; Ribba, 1985; Bell and Suárez, 1994; age identified in their analysis, would account for
Padel et al., 2012; Salazar et al., 2013). Published the older multigrain ages previously published.
geochronological data show a depositional gap Chollay Plutonic Complex. The Chollay Plutonic
between members M4 and M5 of at least 20 Ma Complex is the most widely exposed unit in the Chilean
E W W E
UTrlt Trch
PTrgs
242 Ma
DClp Jl
256 Ma
EPM
Trch
326 Ma
A B
NE SW
Las Pircas Fault
Cenozoic CPeCh
pluton
ETMC
Trsf-M5
ETMC Ccb
212 Ma
Trsf-M4
C 323 Ma 301 Ma Anisian
SE NW
Trsf-M5
Trsf-M4
D
dW E
Trch
UTrlt
FIG. 4. Field photographs of main contact relationships mentioned in the text. Photographs are taken from areas shown in figure 2 and
they are also indicated in the block diagrams of figure 8. Pink lines are intrusion contact and white lines are unconformities.
Units abbreviation same as in figure 3. A. Valeriano river, highest peaks constitute the Chile-Argentina international border;
B. Northeastern slope of the El Tránsito river, el Portillo locality. Ovals and square show protolith and deformation ages,
respectively, obtained by Murillo et al. (2013); C. Southern slope of the El Tránsito river, near the conjunction with the
Del Carmen river. Square show tuff U-Pb ages by Salazar et al. (2013); D. Del Carmen river, western slope. Unconformity
between members M4 and M5 of the San Félix Formation; E. Eastern slope of the La Totora creek, red polygon represents
a normal fault synchronous with the deposition of the La Totora Formation.
Frontal Cordillera (Fig. 2). It intrudes Devonian supports a genetic relationship between the last
metasediments of the Las Placetas Formation (Fig. 4A) mylonitization event recorded in the El Portillo
and, in a minor extent, the penecontemporaneous Mylonites and the construction of the Chollay
Guanaco Sonso Formation. This plutonic complex Plutonic Complex.
is intruded by Late Triassic Plutons of the Colorado
syenogranites and Cenozoic granitoids, as is 3.2.2. Basin depositional environment
unconformably covered by the Late Triassic La Published studies focused on depositional
Totora Formation and younger stratified units (Fig. 2; processes and environment for the rocks of the
Salazar et al., 2013; Salazar and Coloma, 2016). Guanaco Sonso Formation (Lower to Middle Triassic)
It is composed of diorites, tonalities, grano- are scarce (López et al., 2015; Salazar and Coloma,
diorites, monzogranites and syenogranites, being 2016). Based on volcanic and siliciclastic facies
monzogranites the dominant lithology, which is analysis, López et al. (2015) interpreted a continental
commonly coarse-grained with abundant graphic environment with fluvial, alluvial and lacustrine facies
and perthitic textures. Biotite and amphibole are associations carrying fossil remains of hydrophilic
the dominant ferromagnesian phases (Salazar flora. The volcanic deposits, rhyolitic to basaltic-
et al., 2013; Salazar and Coloma, 2016). andesite in composition, evidence hydromagmatic
Nine U-Pb zircon ages obtained by several authors eruptive mechanisms and a strong control exerted
in the study area (Álvarez et al., 2011; Salazar et al., by a syndepositional set of bivergent normal fault
2013; Maksaev et al., 2014; Salazar and Coloma, system of low displacement and wavelength (~15 m
2016) allows to constraint the construction of this and ~50 m, respectively), as the result of low elastic
plutonic complex between 248 and 237 Ma (Lower- thickness for the basement of the studied volcanic pile
Middle Triassic) (Table 1). during its accumulation (López et al., 2015; Salazar
El Portillo Mylonites. El Portillo Mylonites, and Coloma, 2016). The latter is interpreted by these
was described by Ribba et al. (1988) as a thin 10 km authors as consequence of the shallow emplacement
long fringe of mylonitic rocks located east of of granitic magma bodies of the contemporaneous
the Pinte fault trace (Fig. 2). This unit includes Chollay Plutonic Complex (Fig. 3; Table 1), which is
mylonitized portions of the Quebrada Pinte Diorites consistent with the intrusion relationship observed
and Las Cañas Tonalites (Salazar et al., 2013), which between these two units in some places (Fig. 2) and
are host rocks of the Chollay Plutonic Complex, the section exposed at the Valeriano river (Fig. 4A).
and is unconformably covered by the Late Triassic These features are characteristic of caldera environ-
La Totora Formation (Fig. 4B). ments developed over batholith construction sites
Lithologically, it is composed by bands of (Zimmerer and McIntosh, 2012; Branney and
metadiorites, metatonalites and metagranodiorites Acocella, 2015), as is drainage isolation represented
crosscut by granitic bands, all of these present variable by the lacustrine environment. The Chollay Plutonic
degrees of mylonitization and with a dominant Complex, underlying the Guanaco Sonso basin,
vertical and NS oriented foliation with left-lateral is bounded to the west by the contemporaneous
shear sense (Murillo et al., 2013). El Portillo Mylonites (EPM, Table 1), which is
Two SHRIMP U-Pb ages on zircon nuclei, obtained a 251-240 Ma left-lateral shear zone (Murillo
by Murillo et al. (2013), of 326±4 and 256±3 Ma are et al., 2013; Salazar et al., 2013; Hervé et al., 2014)
consistent with the age range of the protoliths Quebrada affecting older Carboniferous to Permian plutons
Pinte Diorites (ca. 324 Ma) and Las Cañas Tonalites (Fig. 2; Table 1).
(255-257 Ma; Table 1). On the other hand, Hervé et al.
(2014) obtained a 245±2.3 Ma SHRIMP U-Pb zircon 3.3. La Totora basin
age in the granitic band near the intrusive contact
with the Chollay Plutonic Complex, very similar to 3.3.1. Stratigraphy
an Ar/Ar age of 241.9±0.5 Ma reported by Murillo La Totora Formation (Reutter, 1974), represents
et al. (2013) from dynamically deformed muscovite, the filling of this basin. It is an andesitic volcanic
indicative of left lateral shear sense, and to the U-Pb succession up to 700 m thick. It unconformably
age range published for the Chollay Plutonic Complex covers the ETMC (Late Devonian-Missisipian),
(248-237 Ma; Salazar et al., 2013; Table 1), which Cisularian Granitoids, Guadalupian gneisses and
volcanics, the Chollay Plutonic Complex (Early to further east, near the international border, it locally
Middle Triassic; Fig. 4E) and the El Portillo Mylonites covers the volcanics of the Guanaco Sonso Formation
(Middle Triassic; Fig. 4B). In its westernmost outcrops (Salazar and Coloma, 2016).
it laterally interfingers and covers the uppermost
member of San Félix Formation (M5 Member). 3.4. Canto del Agua basin
It is unconformably covered by Jurassic marine and
volcanic rocks (Reutter, 1974; Ribba, 1985; Salazar 3.4.1. Stratigraphy
et al., 2013; Salazar and Coloma, 2016). The Canto del Agua Formation (Moscoso and
This unit is composed of andesitic lavas with Covacevich, 1982) consists of a marine, clastic and
aphanitic, amygdaloidal and porphyritic texture, volcanic succession, with their outcrops discontinuously
andesitic breccia and minor tuffs. distributed along the Coastal Cordillera between
U-Pb zircon ages range from 210 to 221 Ma the 28°30᾽ and 29°10᾽ S. At its type locality, it was
(Salazar et al., 2013; Maksaev et al., 2014; Salazar described as a 2,100 m thick succession, carrying
and Coloma, 2016; Table 1) and are consistent with Anisian, Norian and Early Jurassic fossil fauna, that lies
the contact relationships described above. Older unconformably on the Punta de Choros Metamorphic
U-Pb zircon ages in a basaltic tuff of the basal Complex (Carboniferous) and is covered by andesites
layer yielded Carboniferous and Early Triassic and basaltic andesites of Jurassic age (La Negra
populations (Maksaev et al., 2014), however, the Formation). At the base of a succession originally
contact relationships of the unit and composition assigned to this unit at the Chañaral Creek (29° S),
of the sampled rock, suggest these are inherited Welkner et al. (2006) described Permian brachiopod
ages, not reflecting a depositional age for the unit. fauna that led them to define a restricted basal section
The La Totora Formation is slightly younger as Llanos del Chocolate Beds. Recently the contact
than both the Colorado syenogranites, within the between Llanos del Chocolate Beds and Canto del
study area (Fig. 3 and Table 1; Salazar and Coloma, Agua Formation has been displaced further upsection
2016), and the rhyolitic and dacitic rocks of the at the Chañaral Creek, based on Carboniferous to
Pastos Blancos Formation (232 and 221 Ma; Ortiz Permian U-Pb zircon ages obtained by Creixell et
and Merino, 2015), located a few km further south. al. (2016). The latter implies a major stratigraphic
discontinuity between Llanos del Chocolate beds
3.3.2. Basin Configuration and the Canto del Agua Formation which has not
The La Totora basin is a NS elongated depocenter been recognized before nor characterized on outcrop.
infilled by the dominantly andesitic volcanics of the
La Totora Formation (Upper Triassic; 210-221 Ma) 3.4.2. Basin depositional environment
and accommodated by normal faults (Fig. 4E; Salazar This unit was initially described by Moscoso
et al., 2013). The maximum accommodation of this (1979) as a marine sequence, on the basis of its
basin occurs as a NS trending axis, immediately lithology and fossil fauna. The distribution of the
east of the Pinte fault (Fig. 2). Along this maximum unit along two localities in the study area suggests
accommodation domain the volcanic rocks of the La it was deposited in distinct depocenters. In the type
Totora Formation unconformably covers the mylonitic locality, Moscoso and Covacevich (1982) estimated a
contact (El Portillo Mylonites) between the Chollay total thickness of 2,100 m, whereas in the south, near
Plutonic Complex (Lower to Middle Triassic), to the El Molle mine (29º S), thickness estimations remain
east, and Carboniferous to early Permian intrusives under doubt since Creixell et al. (2016), on the basis
to the west (Fig. 2). West of the Paleozoic block, of new U-Pb geochronology, demonstrated that an
the La Totora Formation laterally interfingers with important portion of the sequence first assigned to
the fluvial sedimentary M5 member of the San this unit, is older and attributed to the Carboniferous
Félix Formation, which unconformably covers the to Permian Llanos del Chocolate Beds (Table 1).
prodelta deposits of Anisian (Middle Triassic) M4 According to Suárez and Bell (1992), the Canto del
Member (Bell and Suárez, 1994; Salazar et al., Agua basin was developed in a submarine section of
2013). Along the eastern shoulder of the La Totora a coarse-grained fan delta, and Arévalo and Welkner
basin the volcanic rocks of the La Totora Formation (2008) proposed that the basin was bounded by two
covers mostly the Chollay Plutonic Complex, while normal faults of WNW strike, active during deposition.
4. Detritus characterization 4.1.2. Canto del Agua Formation

In its type locality, near de Plomiza mine (Fig. 2),
4.1. Clast and grain composition this unit onlaps the metamorphic basement (Fig. 2;
Table 1). From bottom to top, the section is
4.1.1. San Félix Formation composed of parallel laminated muddy sandstone
Fully developed thickness of the San Félix with mudstone intercalations bearing Daonella sp.;
Formation is exposed exclusively in the hanging covered by a section of brown conglomeratic
wall of the west vergent San Félix fault (section sandstone with subrounded metapelitic clasts (Fig. 5).
location c in Fig. 2), while only a condensed 350 m The upper part of the section is composed of
thick section is exposed in the footwall of the same glassy lapilli tuffs and fine-grained sandstone
fault, at the southernmost part of the Carmen river lenses, covered by polimictic orthoconglomerates
(section location b in Fig. 2), which was sampled for with clasts of metapelites, acid volcanics and
detrital zircon analysis (Figs. 6, 7). The latter section andesites, bearing minor reworked fossil trunks
is directly overlying late Carboniferous acid volcanics of Calamites sp. Over the conglomerates lies a
of the Cerro Bayo Formation (Fig. 2; Table 1). rhythmic sequence of fissile mudstones that vary to
From bottom to top this sequence is made of a basal sandstones towards the top, followed by mudstones
section of tabular pebbly sandstones, arkosic to lithic with minor intercalations of altered volcanic rocks
in composition, whose lithic component include and sandstone to the roof. Above that, there are
volcaniclastic, metamorphic and felsic intrusive recrystallized limestones with abundant fossils
lithologies and a silicic lithic ash tuff bed. Towards fragments such as echinoderms, brachiopods,
the top of this basal section, the conglomeratic indeterminate shell fragments, allochemical
component increases forming clast supported cobbly clasts, peloids and minor terrigenous quartz
conglomerates lenses, with concave erosive bases, fragments. The top of the section corresponds
rounded to subrounded clasts of mainly felsic tuffs to a rhythmic sequence of mudstone and muddy
and intrusives, and minor metamorphic rocks. sandstone with parallel lamination and f lame
Overlying this section there are 70 m of alternating structures. The sandstones present allochemical
dark mudstones and grey sandstones, the latter components such as peloids, shell fragments and
occasionally showing groove marks, mudclasts and terrigenous components such as feldspar and quartz
centimetric diagenetic calcareous nodules. Feldspathic fragments.
litharenites and wackas cover the former section in The base of the section of the Canto del Agua
an angular unconformity, varying to conglomeratic Formation at the El Molle mine (Fig. 2) is made
sandstones towards the top. The lithic component up of matrix-supported conglomerates with acid
of these sandstones is mainly felsic volcaniclastics, volcanic clasts and a coarse grained sandstone
schists and andesites, and the minerals are quartz, matrix, intercalated with minor conglomeratic
plagioclase and muscovite. These beds also carry and coarse grained sandstones. Clast-supported
fossil flora remnants of Dicroidium odontoperoides conglomerate with rounded to sub/rounded,
and Dicroidium zuberi. A younger section of imbricated, poorly-sorted clasts cover the previous
alternating beds of mudstones and sandstones strata and are intercalated with centimetric lenses
covers previous sandstones, with a middle section of coarse-grained sandstones. Clasts correspond to
of sandstones and pebbly sandstones, with filled rhyolites, acid volcanic rocks, tuffs, microdiorites
channels structures, cross stratification, mudclasts and metamorphic quartz. The upper beds are
and abundant felsic volcaniclastics and intrusives coarse-grained cross-bedding sandstone and
and minor metamorphic clasts. Finally this section conglomerates, with clasts of acid volcanics, tuffs
ends with beds of clast supported conglomerates and metamorphic lithics. At the top, sandstones
and sandstones, with abundant concave erosive and mudstones with parallel lamination, normal-
bases and clasts of felsic composition (volcanic and graded and trough cross-bedding bearing bivalves
intrusive) and of polycrystalline quartz. Sandstones and indeterminate fossils of pelecypodes crop
are more abundant towards the top, and they are out. The sandstones are composed of tuffaceous
coarse grained, with angular grains and abundant and metamorphic lithics, quartz, plagioclase and
quartz and amphibole. white mica.
COASTAL CORDILLERA FRONTAL CORDILLERA

(Canto del Agua Formation) (San Félix Formation)
DEL CARMEN RIVER c FACIES ASSOCIATIONS
(mod. Bell and Suarez, 1994 and Padel et al., 2012) Volcanic
Fluvial
Carbonate platform
La Totora
PLOMIZA MINE a Fm. Upper delta slope
(mod. Vallejos, 2014) Lower delta slope
LA PUNTILLA b
M5 Member
(mod. Vallejos, 2014) 3,500
214±2 Ma
Pre and Post Triassic units
Marine fossils
Hettangian Fossil plant remains
212.8±7.3 Ma (max) Concave erosional base
(CPV-12-89D) La Totora Anisian
400 Imbrication
Fm. 3,000
Low angle
cross bedding
M4 Member
Upper Canto del Agua Fm.
Gastropods
320 250.3±2.6 Ma (max)
Ripples
(CPV-12-29X)
320 Roots
211.9±3.4 Ma (max) 2,500 Convolute bedding
(CPV-12-90) Mud-clast
240 Paralel laminiation
Bioturbation
240
Trough cross bedding
San Felix Fm.
240-260 Ma (max) 2,000 Flame structure

(CPV-12-39) Dish structure
160
M3 Member
Planar cross bedding
160 Chondrites
Bioclast
Detrital U-Pb zircon age
Lower Canto del Agua Fm.
1,500
(this work)
80
Igneous U-Pb zircon age
80 (Salazar et al., 2013)
m Mudstone
s Sandstone
253.8±1.9 Ma (max)
264.5±5.3 Ma (max) 0 1,000 c Conglomerate
(CPV-12-50)
M2 Member
(CPV-12-88X) Carnian Unconformity

0 Anisian-lower Carnian
a Location of the sections
on Fig. 2
m s c
m s c
500
M1 Member
m s c
FIG. 5. Stratigraphic sections of the San Félix and Canto del Agua Formations.
4.2. Detrital zircon U-Pb Geochronology 339 Ma, with one single older age of 1842.3±
3.7 Ma and three unmixed populations of 253.8±
U-Pb data and methodology are included 1.9 Ma, 294.5±0.7 Ma and 329.4±2.1 Ma (Figs. 6
in the supplementary material (Supplementary and 7).
material 1 and 2, respectively), while concordia and Ages from the sample at the middle section
density population diagrams are shown in figures (n=95; sample CPV-12-39), a feldspathic litharenite,
6 and 7. do not show well defined peaks (Fig. 7), but there
is considerable grouping between 240 and 332 Ma,
4.2.1. Chilean Frontal Cordillera with three poorly defined peaks at 240-260,
Detrital zircon U-Pb ages were obtained 280-300 and 310-335 Ma, and isolated results at
on samples from the base (CPV-12-50), middle 478, 849, 995, 1,182 and 1,755 Ma. For the sample
(CPV-12-39) and top sections (CPV-12-29X) of the from the top of the section, a lithic arkose, detrital
San Félix Formation exposed at the la Puntilla zircon U-Pb age populations (n=97; sample CPV-
locality (section b in Figs. 2 and 5). 12-29X) range between 341 and 242 Ma and display
Detrital zircons (n=98) from a lithic arkose three well defined peaks at 250.3±2.6, 288.3±2.6
(CPV-12-50) yielded ages between 242 and and 328.2±3.1 Ma.
CPV-12-113b 0.24
0.4 Road to the El Molle Mine
2,200
CPV-12-90 1,300
Canto del Agua Formation Road to the Plomiza Mine
oldest grain 0.20 at the middle section of
2,074.9±12.4 Ma Canto del Agua Formation 1,100
1,800
206Pb/238U
0.3
206Pb/238U
0.16
400 900 oldest grain
1,400 0.06
360 1,139.0±57.8 Ma
320 0.12 700
0.2 0.05
1,000
206Pb/238U
280
500
0.04
240
0.08
0.1 600 200 300

0.03
0.04 youngest grain
207.1±11.0 Ma
160 youngest grain
193.2±3.3 Ma
0.02
0.0 0.2 207Pb/235U 0.4 0.6 100
200 0.00
0.0 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8
0 2 4 6 8
207Pb/235U 207Pb/235U
CPV-12-89D 2,200
.
Road to the Plomiza Mine 3,000

0.4
on the top of
0.6
CPV-12-88X
oldest grain Road to the Plomiza Mine
Canto del Agua Formation
2,460.9±24.2 Ma on the bottom of 2,600
Canto del Agua Formation oldest grain
1,800 2,785.0±33.1 Ma
0.3 2,200
0.4
206Pb/238U
206Pb/238U
0.058
360
0.13
1,400 750
1,800
0.054
0.11 650
320
0.2 1,400 0.050
206Pb/238U
550
0.09
1,000
206Pb/238U
0.2
0.046
280
0.07
450
1,000
0.042
350
youngest grain
0.1 600
0.05 0.038
240
250
600 244.8±5.5 Ma
0.034
0.03 youngest grain 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
150 207Pb/235U
197.2±8.4 Ma
200
0.01
0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
207Pb/235U
0.8 1.0 1.2 0 4 8 12 16 20
0.0 207Pb/235U
0 2 4 6 8 10
207Pb/235U
0.4
0.28
1,500
CPV-12-29X
0.24 La Puntilla CPV-12-50 1,800
on the top of San Félix Formation 1,300 La Puntilla
0.3 oldest grain
σ bottom of San Félix Formation 1,842.3±3 Ma
0.20 oldest grain
1,100 1,369.1±23.5 Ma
1,400
206Pb/238U
0.16
206Pb/238U
0.062
900
0.062
380 0.2 0.058 360
1,000
0.058
0.12 700 0.054 340

0.054
320
206Pb/238U
0.050 0.050
300
206Pb/238U
500
0.08 0.046
600 0.046
0.1 280
260
0.042
0.042
0.038
0.04 300 0.038 240 youngest grain

220 youngest grain
0.034 242.2±7.6 Ma
242.2±7.6 Ma
200 0.034
100 0.030
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
207Pb/235U
0.4 0.5 0.6
0.00
207Pb/235U
0.0
0 1 2 3 0 2 4 6
207Pb/235U 207Pb/235U
CPV-12-39 1,800
La Puntilla
0.3
at the middle section of
San Félix Formation oldest grain
1,400 1,754.9±34.1 Ma
206Pb/238U
0.2
0.10
1,000
400
206Pb/238U
600
0.1
0.05
200
youngest grain
240.0±4.5 Ma
200 0.00
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
207Pb/235U
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5
207Pb/235U
FIG. 6. U-Pb concordia diagrams of analyzed samples with youngest and oldest age indication. Data-point error ellipses are 68.3%
confidence (1 σ).
6
CPV-12-113b CPV-12-90
40 211.9±3.4 Road to the Plomiza Mine
Road to the El Molle Mine 5 at the middle section of
Canto del Agua Formation Canto del Agua Formation
Relative probability
30 224.3±1.1
268.7±2.2
4 3
20
494.3±11.0
Number
Number
216.4±2.4 585.7±18.0
294.8±2.0
3
2
15 252.5±0.8
20
1
10
2
331.4±2.5
0
5
10
360 410 460 510 560 610 660 710
1
0
150 200 250 300 350 400
0 0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 200 600 1,000 1,200 1,400
Age (Ma) Age (Ma)

30
10 CPV-12-89D CPV-12-88X
Road to the Plomiza Mine Road to the Plomiza Mine
on the top of 25 on the bottom of
Canto del Agua Formation Canto del Agua Formation
8
5
Number
259.5±4.0 299.8±7.0 20 20 290.4±4.4 303.2±3.2
Number
6
454.7±5.6 280.2±5.3
3 212.8±7.3 15
15
264.5±5.3 331.3±12.0
4 10
665.8±5.8 1
10 5
230 280 330 380

2
0
1,050.5±13.0
5 200 250 300 350 400
0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
0
Age (Ma) 200 300 400 500 600
Age (Ma)
40
CPV-12-29X 80 CPV-12-50
La Puntilla
on the top of San Félix Formation La Puntilla
30 bottom of San Félix Formation
Number
250.3±2.6 288.3±2.6 60
Number
12
328.2±3.1
10
20 35
294.5±0.7
8
30
6
4
40 25
10 2 20
0
15
180 230 280 330 380 430
253.8±1.9
329.4±2.1
20 10
0 5
100 300 500 700 900 1,100 1,300 1,500 1,700

0
220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Age (Ma)
80 0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
CPV-12-39 Age (Ma)

La Puntilla
at the middle section of
San Félix Formation
60
25 280-300
Number
240-260
20
40
15
10 310-335
20 5
0
220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
0
0 500 1,000 1,500
Age (Ma)
FIG. 7. Detrital zircon U-Pb probability density plot for analyzed samples. Reported maximum depositional ages were determined
by the unmix tool of ISOPLOT (Ludwig, 2003) using the following fractions (f) of total analysed grains (n): CPV-12-113b
(f=0.12; n=146); CPV-12-89D (f=0.16; n=33); CPV-12-88X (f=0.05; n=94); CPV-12-29X (f=0.33; n=97); CPV-12-50 (f=0.19;
n=98). For sample CPV-12-90, maximum depositional age was calculated as the weighted mean for the younger population
made up of 6 zircons.
4.2.2. Coastal Cordillera (McRoberts, 2010), whereas its topmost part bears
Detrital zircon U-Pb ages were obtained on four Psiloceras (Calcoceras) sp. and Arnioceras sp.
samples from the Canto del Agua Formation. Samples of Hettangian and Sinemurian ages (199-190 Ma;
CPV-12-88X, CPV-12-90 and CPV-12-89D belong Moscoso and Covacevich, 1982). Maximum
to the bottom, middle and top segments of the type depositional ages for three samples on the same
locality section (Plomiza mine), respectively (Figs. section are represented by the youngest detrital zircon
2 and 5), and CPV-12-113b belongs to the El Molle age populations of 264.5±5.3 Ma (base) and 211.9±
mine section (Fig. 2). 3.4 Ma (middle) and 212.8±7.3 Ma (top; Figs. 6
A sandstone from the bottom of the type loca- and 7). The maximum depositional age for the lower
lity section (CPV-12-88X) yielded five unmixed part of the section is consistent with and upper
Permian-Carboniferous age peaks (n=94): 264.5±5.3, Anisian to Ladinian age of deposition evidenced
280.2±5.3, 290.4±4.4, 303.2±3.2 and 331.3±12 Ma by its fossil content. Both the biostratigraphical
(Fig. 7), and four dispersed zircons between 450 and maximum depositional ages obtained in the
and 500 Ma. upper section are significantly younger, Norian to
Zircon age distribution (n=20) from an arkose of Sinemurian, than the lower part of this formation.
the middle section (CPV-12-90) show well-defined These contrasting ages would allow dividing the
peaks of 211.9±3.4 Ma, 494.3±11.0 and 585.7±18.0 Ma unit in two different sequences, the first deposited
(Fig. 7). At the top of the type section (CPV-12-89D), in the Middle Triassic and a youngest deposited
the U-Pb age populations (n=33) from an arkose in the Norian to Hettangian. Further south, at
are 212.8±7.3, 259.4±4.0, 299.8±7.0, 454.7±5.6, the El Molle mine locality (Fig. 2), a maximum
665.8±5.8 and 1,050.5±13.0 Ma (Fig. 7). A lithare- depositional age of 216.4±2.4 Ma was obtained in
nite from the El Molle mine section (CPV-12-113b) the middle part of the exposed section. This age
shows well-defined peaks (n=95) at 216.4±2.4 Ma, is consistent with the upper part of the section
224.3±1.1, 252.5±0.8, 268.7±2.2, 294.8±2.0 and exposed in the type locality.
331.4±2.5 Ma (Fig. 7).
5.3. Stratigraphic correlations
5. Depositional age for the San Félix and Canto
del Agua Formations Maximum depositional age of 255 Ma, along with
the marine to transitional depositional environments
5.1. San Félix Formation and the absence of Upper Triassic detrital ages in the
La Puntilla section, suggest that members M1 to M4
An age range between upper Anisian (~242 Ma) of the San Félix Formation can be correlated to the
and upper Ladinian (~237 Ma) has been assigned to lower section of the Canto del Agua Formation at
the M4 member from its fossil content (Daonella the Coastal Cordillera (Fig. 5). On the other hand,
sturi and Daonella lommeli; Zeil, 1958; McRoberts, coincident geochronological data from the upper
2010). Maximum depositional ages from detrital section of Canto del Agua Formation and the Member
zircons are represented by the youngest age 5 of San Félix Formation allows us to correlate the
populations of 253.8±1.9 and 250.3±2.6 Ma, from regression evidenced by the establishment of fluvial
samples at the bottom and top of the La Puntilla depositional systems during the Late Triassic on
section, respectively (Figs. 6 and 7). These results both areas (Fig. 5).
suggest that the deposition of members M1 to M4
of the San Félix Formation began after 255 Ma 6. Discussion
and extended through the Ladinian (242-237 Ma,
Cohen et al., 2013). 6.1. Sediment provenance for the Triassic fore-
arc basins
5.2. Canto del Agua Formation
6.1.1. San Félix basin
At its type locality, the base of the Canto del Agua San Félix Formation shows, along the whole
Formation bear Daonella; whose biostratigraphic sequence, a relatively homogenous lithic component for
age varies between upper Anisian through Ladinian sandstones and conglomerates, with variable amounts
of metamorphic rocks, felsic tuffs, intrusives and 260 Ma (Fig. 7), with minor clusters around 330 and
minor andesites. Sandstones are texturally immature 480 Ma, while the nature of the lithic components is
to submature, which indicates relatively local sources. dominated by metapelitic clasts and quartz grains.
The detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions also show The most prominent age population correlates with
similar age patterns along the sequence, which consists the age range of the Llanos del Chocolate Beds
of three well defined age populations of 240-260, (Table 1), which are exposed 80 km south of this
280-300 and 310-335 Ma, with scarce older ages in locality (Fig. 2). The interbedded felsic volcanics
the middle of the section (Fig. 7). present in the Llanos del Chocolate Beds could
The zircon pattern distribution for the older than have contributed to the subarkosic nature of the
335 Ma ages is similar to those found in the El Tránsito sandstones. The 330 Ma and older ages are most
Metamorphic Complex (ETMC; Álvarez et al., 2011), likely populations inherited from the metamorphic
which is unconformably covered by the San Félix complexes underlying the Canto del Agua Formation
Formation (Fig. 2 and Table 1), hence representing (Punta de Choros Metamorphic Complex or PCMC
the most probable source for such zircons and for in table 1; Bahlburg et al., 2009; Álvarez et al., 2011).
the ubiquitous metamorphic lithic fragments. The age The middle and top parts of the type section
population between 310 and 335 Ma suggests a detrital roughly show the same age peaks recognized at
zircon contribution from the underlying Cerro Bayo the bottom of the section, though less prominent
Formation (301-325 Ma, Table 1) and the EPM protolith and with a Late Triassic age population. Given
(324-326 Ma, Table 1), although volcanic felsic rocks that no Late Triassic volcanic units have been
of similar age have been reported further east, in recognized in the Coastal Cordillera, a possible
northwestern Argentina (Zappettini et al., 2015). source for such population could be the tuffaceous
However, the rocks of the EPM are unconformably deposits underlying the analyzed horizons (Fig. 5).
covered by the Totora Formation (Fig. 4B, Table 1), A volcanic input to the basin is evidenced by the
indicating they were exhumed before the Norian, increased contribution of felsic and andesitic
probably providing Carboniferous zircons to the Triassic volcanic fragments up section. The section
drainage systems. The lower Permian age population exposed at the El Molle mine locality shows the
is the most important component throughout the La same age populations than the upper part of the
Puntilla section and it most likely reflects the erosion type section, with the exceptions of a Lopingian
of the Chanchoquín Plutonic Complex (285-304 Ma), to Lower Triassic population (ca. 259-247 Ma),
which is unconformably covered by the San Félix absent in the type locality, and that the Late Triassic
Formation (Fig. 2 and Table 1) and constitutes the population is slightly older (216-224 Ma). The
footwall of the eastern border fault of the San Félix former cannot be related to any known source of
basin (Las Pircas fault). The third and youngest age such age in the Coastal Cordillera. In the Frontal
population (240-260 Ma) is broadly contemporaneous Cordillera, stratigraphic relationships show plutonic
with the Guanaco Sonso Formations (Fig. 3 and and volcanic rocks of this age (Chollay Plutonic
Table 1). The abundant felsic volcaniclastic component Complex and Guanaco Sonso Formation; Fig. 3).
of the Guanaco Sonso Formation indicates highly These rock units were exhumed before the Norian
explosive eruptions, which may have contributed (Table 1), therefore, providing a possible source for
juvenile zircons to the basin. this population of zircons. The Norian population
In summary, sources for sediment to the San could be attributed to acidic volcanism in the Frontal
Félix basin are located eastward of the San Félix Cordillera exposed immediately south of the study
Formation, and furthermore, non-contemporaneous area (Pastos Blancos Formation; Table 1).
sources can be constrained to the basement block In conclusion, the sediment contribution for the
bounded by the Las Pircas fault, in the west, and Canto del Agua Formation is dominated by local
the EPM in the east. sources. An exception, are the rocks cropping out
near El Molle locality, which are equivalent to the
6.1.2. Canto del Agua basin upper part of the type section and suggest some
At its type section at Plomiza Mine the detrital contribution from the Frontal Cordillera, both by
zircon ages of the Canto del Agua Formation are drainage processes and by atmospheric transport
grouped in a major population between 300 and from volcanic eruptions.
6.2. Gondwana margin evolution during the three depocenters separated by two topographic
Triassic at 28-29° S highs. The eastern depocenter, an intra-arc basin,
accommodated the Guanaco Sonso Formation, a
Triassic basins in the southwestern Gondwanean mainly volcaniclastic succession whose well developed
margin have been previously interpreted as a continuous lacustrine facies relate to a closed drainage network
NNW oriented horst and graben system encompassing and a local base level (Fig. 8). This depocenter
both Argentinian Ischigualasto and Cuyo basins was developed penecontemporanously with the
and Chilean marine to transitional Triassic basins incremental construction of the Chollay Plutonic
distributed along the margin (Charrier, 1979). However Complex conforming the coupled magmatic system of
such scenario is not completely compatible with the a caldera type volcanic complex (Salazar and Coloma,
presence of a NS trending magmatic belt in the Frontal 2016; López et al., 2015). The Chollay Plutonic
Cordillera, composed of granitic batholiths (Chollay Complex is flanked westward by the EPM (Fig. 4B),
Plutonic Complex), a volcaniclastic basin (Guanaco a ductile shear zone with left-lateral displacement
Sonso Formation), both with continental magmatic recorded at 242 Ma (Murillo et al., 2013; Table 1)
arc isotopic and geochemical signatures (Del Rey and whose surface expression could have been the
et al., 2016; Coloma et al., 2017), and with the presence structures bounding the Guanaco Sonso basin to
of NS mylonitic shear zones (EPM). These features the west (Fig. 8).
suggest the mechanical decoupling of the clastic rift The San Félix forearc basin is bounded to the
basin systems located west (Chile) and east (Argentina) east by the Las Pircas fault and the western block
of the magmatic belt. On the other hand, Early to of the EPM, which is composed of Pennsylvanian
Middle Triassic basins located west of the arc, are to Cisuralian igneous rocks (Chanchoquín Plutonic
bounded by contemporaneous N-S faults (such as Complex) intruding the ETMC. This block is the
the Las Pircas fault and El Portillo Mylonites) rather footwall of the Las Pircas normal fault, hence, it
than by the NNW orientation of Argentinean basins constitutes a relatively uplifted block and the main
(Fig. 1). Under such considerations, in the studied source for the sedimentary rocks of the San Félix
segment, Triassic volcanic basins located in the basin, as depicted by lithic components, detrital
present Frontal Cordillera and Triassic sedimentary zircon patterns and textural maturity of the San
basins in Chile are more likely to have developed as Félix Formation sedimentary rocks. Lopingian to
NS trending intra-arc and forearc basins respectively. Middle Triassic (Ladinian) detrital zircon input to
This is consistent with the structural style shown this unit is interpreted as the contribution of highly
in offshore seismic reflection studies at 31-33° S explosive eruptions related to the Guanaco Sonso
(Contreras-Reyes et al., 2014, 2015), where, in spite basin evolution that could have episodically poured
that the ages of the reflectors are poorly constrained, juvenile zircons into the drainage system feeding the
the sedimentary cover fills a series of N-S trending San Félix basin (Fig. 8). Maximum accommodation
grabens and hemigrabens in the upper slope, that were of Members M1 to M4 is reached between Las Pircas
tectonically inverted in recent (Andean) compressive and the San Félix faults (Fig. 2), suggesting these
pulses and gravitational collapses. faults could have been initially bounding a graben
Geochronological data and stratigraphic relation- structure (Fig. 8) but they were reversely reactivated
ships exposed above (Fig. 3) identify two stages during during Andean orogenesis.
the Triassic evolution of the study area, separated by Sedimentary provenance analysis on the San
a regional unconformity of Carnian age, a first latest Félix and the lower Canto del Agua Formations
Permian-Anisian stage and a second Late Triassic evidences local sources for both depocenters,
stage (Fig. 3). Such unconformity coincides with which suggests emerged landmasses offshore from
the Middle to Late Triassic exhumation of mélanges the San Félix basin coastline (Fig. 8). Possible
between 26 and 42° S along the Chilean coastline present-day analogues for such landmasses
(Kato and Godoy, 2015). can be recognized as longitudinal island belts
or bathymetric highs exhumed as footwalls of
6.2.1. First stage normal faults developed in the inner wedge of
Between the Lopingian and the uppermost Middle some accretionary prisms (e.g., Wang and Hu,
Triassic (Ladinian), the studied segment presented 2006; Gallen et al., 2014).
First Stage: Early to Middle Triassic ETMC

Guanaco Sonso Fm.
W E
(lower) Canto del
Agua Fm. San Félix Fm.
?
Pennsylvanian-Cisuralian
Igneous basement 4A
u lt
S an
Carboniferous-Permian
s Fa
meta-sedimentary
irca
Féli
basement
sP
x
fault Chollay Plutonic
La
?
El Portillo Mylonites Complex
n
asi
cb sin
Second Stage: Late Triassic -ar arc ba
re La Totora Fm.
fo tra-
In
(upper) Canto
M5 Member of 4E
del Agua Fm.
the San Félix Fm. 4B
4D
Pennsylvanian-Cisuralian
Igneous basement
San
Ladinian-Carnian
Féli
Antiform
x
Carrizal Bajo
fault
Plutonic Complex
?
FIG. 8. Paleogeographic block diagramas for the first and second evolutionary stages of the Triassic basins discussed in text. Thick
black arrows indicate sediment inputs to the basins, red squares show contact relationship shown in photographs of figure 4.
ETMC: El Tránsito Metamorphic Complex.
6.2.2. The Carnian unconformity Lopingian to Anisian volcanics. This lateral variation
The regional unconformity documented at the is similar to the one described for the Pastos Blancos
base of the Upper Triassic units in the study area Formation (233-221 Ma) immediately south of the
evidences a regional exhumation event taking place study area, where its maximum thickness is located
after the Anisian. covering the contacts between Paleozoic intrusives
In the Coastal Cordillera, the unconformity to the west and Triassic intrusives to the east, and
between the fluvial upper section of the Canto del Triassic volcanics in its easternmost outcrops (Ortiz
Agua Formation (Norian) and the underlying Anisian- and Merino, 2015).
Ladinian delta deposits of the Lower section reveals The E-W variation on exhumation magnitude
only a minor exhumation that doesn’t expose deep in the Frontal Cordillera evidences the growth of
crustal levels. In the Frontal Cordillera, however, a regional NS trending antiform. The axis of this
the unconformity documented at the base of the antiform follows a regional shear zone along the
La Totora and the M5 Member of the San Félix contact between the Chollay and the Chanchoquín
Formation reveals marked EW variations in magnitude plutonic complexes (Figs. 2 and 8). Along the hinge
of exhumation. West of the Paleozoic block, the of this antiform, the volcanotectonic depression of the
exhumation is similar to the observe in the Coastal La Totora basin is later developed during the second
Cordillera as it exposes Anisian marine sediments, stage (Fig. 8). This antiform could be explained by
while to the east, the exhumation is maximum, passive rift extension, that is, thermal bulging by
exposing Anisian intrusives and mylonites. Further heat input from the mantle leading to normal faulting
east, exhumation gradually diminishes to expose and magmatism. Such scenario is consistent with
the mantle like magma source for Late Triassic studied segment of the southwestern margin of
magmatism described at the study area (Hervé et al., Gondwana, recent studies and the results of this
2014; González et al., 2018). work allow to better constraint the timing and
On the other hand, in the Coastal Cordillera, this distribution of these unconformities (Fig. 9).
unconformity has been related to a transpressional The Cisuralian unconformity that places the
exhumation event between Middle to Late Triassic Laguna Chica Formation over deformed Devonian
along the Chilean coast (Kato and Godoy, 2015; sediments in the Frontal Cordillera correlates well
Godoy, 1985). The latter is consistent with a major with a regional unconformity defined in the San
shift on the global motion of Gondwana at around Rafael Block (Argentina), where Cisuralian volcanics
230 Ma, from a counterclockwise rotation with an of the Choiyoi Group overlie deformed Carboniferous
Euler pole located in northernmost South America sediments (Rocha-Campos et al., 2011; Fig. 9). This
to a westward drift of the whole supercontinent unconformity has been referred to as the San Rafael
(Torsvik et al., 2012; Matthews et al., 2016). tectonic phase (Azcuy and Caminos, 1987), and
has been well documented also in the Argentine
6.2.3. Second stage Frontal Cordillera and Precordillera provinces
During the Norian and Rhaetian, andesitic (Fig. 9). Its presence in the Coastal Cordillera is
lavas and tuffs of the La Totora Formation were uncertain, however, it might be represented in the
accommodated within a volcanotectonic depression unconformity by which the Llanos del Chocolate
at the present-day Frontal Cordillera (Fig. 4E), as beds cover the penecontemporaneous PCMC near
part of the intra-arc basin (Fig. 8). These deposits the Chañaral Creek, in an structurally complex
seal the activity of two major structural features accretionary prism environment (Figs. 2 and 9;
developed in the previous stage, the Las Pircas fault Creixell et al., 2016).
(Fig. 4C) and the El Portillo Mylonites shear zone A Lopingian-Triassic unconformity is described
(Figs. 8 and 4B). In the forearc basin, its volcanic in the Chilean Frontal Cordillera, by which
deposits laterally interfingers with the M5 Member members M1 to M4 of the San Félix Formation
fluvial deposits (Fig. 8), hence, recording a westward overlie Carboniferous-Cisuralian igneous rocks
migration of the coastline towards the Canto Del and Devonian metasediments in the west, and
Agua depocenter (Fig. 8). On the other hand, the the Guanaco Sonso Formation covers Devonian
volcanic activity that took place in the Frontal metasediments and Guadalupian volcanics, in the
Cordillera is recorded as felsic pyroclastic deposits east (Figs. 2 and 9). This unconformity correlates
in the Coastal Cordillera, probably derived from with the one described at the base of the Cuyo and
the Pastos Blancos Formation related volcanism, Uspallata groups in Argentina, where rift related
located a few km south of the study area (Table 1). clastic sediments cover Permian volcanics of the
During this stage, the facies arrangement in Choiyoi Group (Fig. 9). Its presence in the Argentine
the Canto del Agua depocenter shows a local Frontal Cordillera is not clear since Late Triassic
transgression, not evidenced in the San Félix Rancho de Lata Formation directly overlies volcanic
Depocenter (Fig. 7). Such transgression may be rocks assigned to the Choiyoi Group, although the
related to local extensional tectonism evidenced in age of the latter is poorly constrained in that area
the contemporaneous fault assisted emplacement (Fig. 9), hence the presence of Triassic volcanics
of the Carrizal Bajo Plutonic Complex (Fig. 8; equivalent to the Guanaco Sonso Formation
Grocott et al., 2009). cannot be discarded, nor a discontinuity in this
underlying volcanic pile. In the Coastal Cordillera,
6.3. Major unconformities and their regional this unconformity is not well geochronologically
correlations constrained, however, in consideration of the
Lower to Middle Triassic age assigned in this
The Carboniferous to Triassic stratigraphic work to the lower section of the Canto del Agua
record of the outward Pangea margin shows Formation in the Plomiza mine area (Fig. 2),
global discontinuities that mark major shifts in the it should be equivalent to the basal unconformity
geodynamic configuration of the supercontinent through which it overlies Carboniferous-Permian
at 280, 260 and 230 Ma (Riel et al., 2018). In the metasedimentary rocks (PCMC).
Ma
190
CA(u) Canto del Agua Fm.
Chilean Chilean Argentine San Rafael (upper section)
Jurassic
Precordillera
Early Coastal Frontal Frontal Block CA(l) Canto del Agua Fm.
(lower section)
(Argentina)
200 Cordillera Cordillera Cordillera (Argentina) CAN Cerro Agua Negra Fm.
CB Cerro Bayo Fm.
CH Choiyoi Group
CA(u) I Imperial Fm.
210 15 1 LCh Laguna Chica Fm.
15 1 Llanos del Chocolate beds,
1 LL/MC
15 3 1 PCMC and CEC.
4 1 M
220 Late M5 3
La Totora and Pastos
LT/PB Blancos fms.
2 3 1
Carnian 2
RL M Marachemill unit
Triassic
unconformity Members M1 to M4 of
LT/PB 13
M1-4 the San Félix Fm.
230 3 11 13
3 2 M5 M5 Member of the
San Félix Fm.
U/C PTrgs Guanaco Sonso Fm.
4 9
PTrgs 11 11 13 13 13 PV Puesto Viejo Group.
240 CA(l) RL Rancho de Lata Fm.
4
Middle 4 PV 12 Santa Elena and Santa
M1-4 SE/SM
13 Máxima fms.
Early
15 4
4
4
Huárpica phase U/C Uspallata and Cuyo
250 groups.
15 3 4
6
Lopin- 3 Dominantly volcanic units
gian 7 Dominantly clastic units
260
Units accommodated by
15 4 7 8 CH normal faults
Guada- 11 6 6
4 13
Lupian 7 Unconformity
270 LCh (poorly constrained)
14 5 10 Unconformity
Permian
4 (well constrained)
CH CH
280 10
U-Pb dating methods
Cis- San Rafael phase 6 SHRIMP
LA-ICP-MS
uralian Detrital zircons (MDA)
14 Conventional
290 14 14
1 Salazar et al., 2013.
2 Maksaev et al., 2014.
3 Ortiz and Merino, 2015.
300 2 1
14 4 Salazar and Coloma, 2016.
LL/MC 2 SE/SM 5 Sato et al., 2015.
Pennsylvanian
I 6 Rocha-Campos et al., 2011.

Carboniferous
310 CB CAN 7 Domeier et al., 2011.

8 Gómez et al., 2015.
9 Ottone et al., 2014.
10 Strazzere and Gregori 2011.
14 11 Spalletti et al., 2008.
320
12 Ávila et al., 2006.
1
Mississi- 1 13 Barredo et al., 2012.
ppian 14 Creixell et al., 2016
330 15 This work
FIG. 9. Regional correlations for lithostratigraphic units and unconformities (based on timescale by Cohen et al., 2013).
Finally, the Carnian unconformity described in this 7. Conclusions

work in the Chilean Coastal and Frontal Cordilleras
could be equivalent to the basal unconformity of Between 28° and 29° S, the transition between
the Rancho de Lata Formation in the Argentinean the Gondwanean and Andean Orogenies during the
Frontal Cordillera (Fig. 9), and to changes on the Triassic is made up of two stages of an intra-arc/forearc
accommodation structures and environmental basins system, separated by a Carnian unconformity
conditions in the Precordillera (Cuyo basin) recorded recognized in the Frontal Cordillera and inferred in
in the Marachemill unit (Barredo et al., 2012). the Coastal Cordillera in Chile.
Recently, this unconformity has been well constrained During the first stage (Lopingian-uppermost
in norther Chile at the base of the Domeyko basin Middle Triassic), the intra-arc basin is represented
(Espinoza et al., 2018). by the Guanaco Sonso Formation (253-237 Ma),
This regional framework for the main sequences rooted by the Chollay Plutonic Complex (237-248
of the Carboniferous-Triassic rock record, will allow Ma) and bounded to the west by a left-lateral shear
to better study the timing and spatial variations of zone recorded in the EPM (242 Ma). The forearc
tectonic processes for each evolutionary stage of the basin is represented by two extensional marine to
southwestern margin of Gondwana and its possible transitional depocenters separated by topographic
relationship with global geodynamic events. highs, the San Félix basin to the east and the Canto
del Agua basin to the west, filled by the homonymous National Science Foundation grant EAR 1725002 and
formations. This stage is recorded in members M1 to the Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education,
M4 of the San Félix Formation and in the lower section Research, Development and Innovation Funding project
of the Canto del Agua Formation, both of which carry PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0014. Finally we thank
Anisian fossil fauna and where maximum depositional L. Giambiagi, E. Godoy and an anonymous reviewer
ages of 254 and 265 Ma were obtained from detrital for the constructive comments that led to a substantial
zircon analyses, respectively. Detrital zircons, clast improvement of the manuscript.
composition and sediment maturity indicate local
sources for both depocenters. Particularly, for the San References
Félix Formation, the main source of sediment is the
Triassic-Paleozoic block located at the footwall of Álvarez, J.; Mpodozis, C.; Arriagada, C.; Astini, R.;
the normal Las Pircas fault that bounds the San Félix Morata, D.; Salazar, E.; Valencia, V.A.; Vervoort, J.D.
basin to the east, with minor inputs from the volcanic 2011. Detrital Zircons from Late Paleozoic Accretionary
activity related to the Guanaco Sonso basin evolution. Complexes in North-Central Chile (28°-32°S): Possible
The Carnian unconformity shows a major exhu- Fingerprints of the Chilenia Terrane. Journal of South
mation in the Chilean Frontal Cordillera where it gets American Earth Sciences 32: 460-476.
to expose the Chollay Plutonic Complex (237-248 Ma) Álvarez, J.; Mpodozis, C.; Blanco-Quintero, I.; García-
and the El Portillo Mylonites (242 Ma), while in Casco, A.; Arriagada, C.; Morata, D. 2013. U-Pb ages
the forearc basin it is recorded by a an erosional and metamorphic evolution of the La Pampa Gneisses:
unconformity where Norian fluvial deposits overlie Implications for the evolution of the Chilenia Terrane
Anisian prodelta deposits in both, San Félix and and Permo-Triassic tectonics of north Central Chile.
Canto del Agua formations (Fig. 5). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 47: 100-115.
During the second stage (Norian-Rhaetian), lavas Arévalo, C.; Welkner, D. 2008. Geología del Área Carrizal
and pyroclastic deposits from La Totora Formation Bajo-Chacritas, región de Atacama. Servicio Nacional
and the Member 5 of the San Félix Formation sealed de Geología y Minería, Carta Geológica de Chile, Serie
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Manuscript received: July 19, 2018; revised/accepted: April 24, 2019; available online: January 31, 2020.
Supplementary material 1
232
U-Pb analytic data tables
SAMPLE CPV-12-113b.
Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

U 206 204
Analysis (ppm) Pb/ Pb U/Th Pb/207Pb
206 ± 207
Pb/235U ± 206
Pb/238U ± error 206 ±
Pb/238U (Ma) 207 ±
Pb/235U (Ma) Pb/207Pb
206 ± Best age (¥) ±
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-113b-62 256 17.393 1.1 21.0841 17.1 0.0760 17.4 0.0116 3.2 0.18 74.5 2.4 74.4 12.5 70.9 408.4 74.5 2.4
CPV-12-113b-94 648 45.179 0.5 21.1968 4.7 0.0825 4.9 0.0127 1.3 0.27 81.3 1.1 80.5 3.8 58.2 112.5 81.3 1.1
CPV-12-113b-79 571 98.330 9.9 20.4334 5.6 0.1019 5.7 0.0151 1.4 0.25 96.6 1.4 98.5 5.4 144.9 130.5 96.6 1.4
CPV-12-113b-65 443 32.375 1.1 19.5032 4.4 0.1309 4.8 0.0185 1.7 0.36 118.2 2.0 124.9 5.6 253.2 102.2 118.2 2.0
CPV-12-113b-33 473 36.783 3.8 19.2612 8.5 0.1383 8.9 0.0193 2.4 0.27 123.3 3.0 131.5 10.9 281.8 195.3 123.3 3.0
CPV-12-113b-35 189 24.941 0.7 19.8234 10.4 0.1396 10.5 0.0201 1.9 0.18 128.1 2.4 132.7 13.1 215.6 240.5 128.1 2.4
CPV-12-113b-92 249 18.412 0.7 18.1442 12.9 0.1532 13.0 0.0202 1.5 0.11 128.7 1.9 144.7 17.5 416.8 288.8 128.7 1.9
CPV-12-113b-63 78 27.764 1.2 19.6091 10.4 0.2139 10.6 0.0304 1.7 0.16 193.2 3.3 196.8 18.9 240.7 241.0 193.2 3.3
CPV-12-113b-34 260 33.157 1.4 19.7574 10.2 0.2160 10.2 0.0309 0.9 0.08 196.5 1.7 198.6 18.4 223.3 236.2 196.5 1.7
CPV-12-113b-54 61 8.951 1.1 19.6709 17.7 0.2177 18.3 0.0311 4.9 0.27 197.2 9.6 200.0 33.3 233.4 410.2 197.2 9.6
CPV-12-113b-19 28 5.708 1.4 19.6236 40.4 0.2341 41.1 0.0333 7.6 0.19 211.3 15.8 213.6 79.3 239.0 967.4 211.3 15.8
CPV-12-113b-97 52 11.722 1.8 18.3957 22.5 0.2517 23.0 0.0336 4.5 0.20 212.9 9.5 227.9 47.0 386.0 512.0 212.9 9.5
CPV-12-113b-64 25 4.234 1.4 15.6687 39.4 0.2961 40.3 0.0336 8.6 0.21 213.3 18.1 263.3 93.7 735.7 865.6 213.3 18.1
CPV-12-113b-66 61 13.570 1.7 19.4426 18.0 0.2392 18.3 0.0337 3.7 0.20 213.8 7.8 217.8 36.0 260.3 415.7 213.8 7.8
CPV-12-113b-72 159 65.394 0.8 19.4157 7.1 0.2414 7.2 0.0340 1.4 0.19 215.5 2.9 219.5 14.3 263.5 163.4 215.5 2.9
CPV-12-113b-77 57 23.169 1.1 18.4333 17.6 0.2549 17.9 0.0341 3.4 0.19 216.0 7.2 230.6 37.0 381.4 398.5 216.0 7.2
CPV-12-113b-47 52 9.058 1.8 17.8434 18.0 0.2639 18.8 0.0341 5.3 0.28 216.5 11.3 237.8 39.8 454.1 402.4 216.5 11.3
CPV-12-113b-53 90 13.736 1.5 22.2959 17.1 0.2113 17.3 0.0342 2.7 0.16 216.6 5.7 194.6 30.7 -63.7 419.7 216.6 5.7
CPV-12-113b-75 36 16.514 1.6 16.9043 32.8 0.2806 33.6 0.0344 6.8 0.20 218.0 14.7 251.1 74.8 572.8 732.9 218.0 14.7
CPV-12-113b-81 364 48.418 0.4 19.2756 2.9 0.2475 3.8 0.0346 2.4 0.64 219.3 5.2 224.5 7.6 280.1 66.2 219.3 5.2
CPV-12-113b-38 51 14.718 1.1 18.6313 12.1 0.2566 12.5 0.0347 3.2 0.26 219.7 6.9 231.9 25.9 357.3 273.8 219.7 6.9
CPV-12-113b-18 36 5.693 1.7 30.6548 62.5 0.1560 62.6 0.0347 3.9 0.06 219.8 8.5 147.2 86.0 -908.7 1,990.4 219.8 8.5
CPV-12-113b-22 58 24.762 1.3 20.2544 18.7 0.2366 19.4 0.0348 5.2 0.27 220.2 11.3 215.6 37.7 165.5 439.4 220.2 11.3
CPV-12-113b-9 71 23.396 1.2 18.3009 10.9 0.2623 11.8 0.0348 4.4 0.37 220.6 9.6 236.5 24.9 397.6 245.5 220.6 9.6
CPV-12-113b-52 83 36.212 1.0 19.0519 11.0 0.2529 11.7 0.0349 4.0 0.34 221.4 8.7 228.9 24.1 306.7 252.3 221.4 8.7
Sample CPV-12-113b continued.

U 206 204
Analysis (ppm) Pb/ Pb U/Th 206
Pb/207Pb ± Pb/235U
207 ± Pb/238U
206 ± error 206 ±
Pb/238U (Ma) 207 ±
Pb/235U (Ma) 206
Pb/207Pb ± Best age (¥) ±
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-113b-45 125 24.601 1.2 20.0454 7.5 0.2407 8.1 0.0350 3.0 0.37 221.7 6.5 219.0 16.0 189.7 175.8 221.7 6.5
CPV-12-113b-31 59 23.108 1.3 20.9056 22.9 0.2312 23.5 0.0351 5.1 0.22 222.1 11.1 211.2 44.8 91.1 549.8 222.1 11.1
CPV-12-113b-82 56 10.868 1.4 26.4327 34.3 0.1829 34.5 0.0351 3.5 0.10 222.1 7.6 170.5 54.1 -497.0 934.8 222.1 7.6
CPV-12-113b-70 282 50.027 0.7 19.3740 4.0 0.2495 4.2 0.0351 1.3 0.32 222.2 2.9 226.2 8.5 268.4 90.9 222.2 2.9
CPV-12-113b-12 104 22.556 0.8 20.8614 11.7 0.2319 11.8 0.0351 1.5 0.13 222.3 3.4 211.8 22.6 96.1 278.1 222.3 3.4
CPV-12-113b-55 839 252.595 0.5 19.5032 1.1 0.2481 2.1 0.0351 1.8 0.86 222.4 3.9 225.0 4.2 253.2 25.0 222.4 3.9
CPV-12-113b-32 92 11.919 1.2 18.6847 17.0 0.2595 17.1 0.0352 2.0 0.11 222.8 4.3 234.2 35.8 350.9 386.3 222.8 4.3
CPV-12-113b-14 36 10.998 1.1 17.6141 34.7 0.2754 35.1 0.0352 4.8 0.14 222.9 10.6 247.0 77.0 482.7 789.1 222.9 10.6
CPV-12-113b-16 152 57.509 1.1 20.8411 11.3 0.2328 11.4 0.0352 1.6 0.14 222.9 3.4 212.5 21.9 98.4 268.2 222.9 3.4
CPV-12-113b-7 153 39.312 1.3 20.1918 10.5 0.2416 10.7 0.0354 2.0 0.19 224.1 4.4 219.7 21.1 172.7 244.9 224.1 4.4
CPV-12-113b-87 106 6.837 1.2 18.8146 14.5 0.2598 14.8 0.0355 2.8 0.19 224.6 6.2 234.5 31.0 335.2 331.1 224.6 6.2
CPV-12-113b-71 240 120.397 0.9 19.4339 7.6 0.2519 7.8 0.0355 1.3 0.17 224.9 2.9 228.1 15.8 261.3 175.7 224.9 2.9
CPV-12-113b-84 173 54.976 0.8 18.4282 3.3 0.2670 5.8 0.0357 4.7 0.82 226.0 10.5 240.3 12.4 382.0 75.1 226.0 10.5
CPV-12-113b-43 120 41.793 1.4 19.0129 7.6 0.2592 7.8 0.0357 1.5 0.20 226.4 3.4 234.0 16.3 311.4 173.6 226.4 3.4
CPV-12-113b-48 76 6.056 1.5 17.6823 8.8 0.2804 10.6 0.0360 5.9 0.56 227.7 13.1 251.0 23.5 474.2 194.6 227.7 13.1
CPV-12-113b-39 61 56.606 0.7 20.0342 14.5 0.2498 14.6 0.0363 1.6 0.11 229.8 3.7 226.4 29.6 191.0 338.1 229.8 3.7
CPV-12-113b-73 51 9.810 1.7 18.9534 13.2 0.2647 13.6 0.0364 3.2 0.23 230.4 7.2 238.4 28.9 318.5 302.2 230.4 7.2
CPV-12-113b-28 51 7.209 0.5 21.4393 26.2 0.2343 26.5 0.0364 3.7 0.14 230.6 8.3 213.7 51.1 31.0 637.6 230.6 8.3
CPV-12-113b-21 57 13.496 0.8 24.6222 33.8 0.2073 34.7 0.0370 7.7 0.22 234.3 17.7 191.3 60.6 -311.8 888.5 234.3 17.7
CPV-12-113b-24 104 40.922 2.9 19.1038 7.7 0.2708 8.1 0.0375 2.4 0.30 237.4 5.6 243.3 17.5 300.6 176.0 237.4 5.6
CPV-12-113b-17 123 37.705 1.8 20.1275 9.8 0.2657 10.0 0.0388 1.9 0.19 245.3 4.5 239.2 21.3 180.2 228.9 245.3 4.5
CPV-12-113b-40 278 178.548 1.2 19.1661 2.7 0.2798 2.9 0.0389 1.0 0.35 246.0 2.4 250.5 6.4 293.1 61.5 246.0 2.4
CPV-12-113b-30 96 28.736 0.9 20.4254 9.5 0.2631 10.0 0.0390 3.1 0.31 246.5 7.4 237.2 21.2 145.9 223.8 246.5 7.4
CPV-12-113b-50 227 103.717 1.2 18.7639 2.9 0.2874 3.4 0.0391 1.8 0.52 247.3 4.3 256.5 7.8 341.3 66.3 247.3 4.3
CPV-12-113b-69 277 255.800 3.1 19.1055 4.2 0.2825 4.2 0.0391 0.7 0.17 247.5 1.7 252.7 9.5 300.4 95.5 247.5 1.7
CPV-12-113b-46 180 76.730 1.2 20.3082 4.8 0.2665 5.2 0.0392 2.0 0.39 248.2 5.0 239.9 11.2 159.3 112.8 248.2 5.0
233
CPV-12-113b-4 255 105.147 0.9 19.3021 3.6 0.2815 3.7 0.0394 1.1 0.29 249.1 2.6 251.8 8.3 277.0 82.1 249.1 2.6
234
U 206Pb/204Pb U/Th
Analysis ± ± ± error ± ± ± Best age (¥) ±
(ppm) Pb/ Pb Pb/ U Pb/ U Pb/ U (Ma) Pb/235U (Ma) P*/207Pb
206 207 207 235 206 238 206 238 207 206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-113b-29 140 26.587 0.8 18.9242 4.3 0.2896 4.6 0.0397 1.5 0.32 251.2 3.6 258.2 10.4 322.1 98.3 251.2 3.6
CPV-12-113b-56 227 99.512 0.7 20.0170 4.1 0.2746 4.2 0.0399 0.9 0.21 252.0 2.2 246.4 9.3 193.0 96.4 252.0 2.2
CPV-12-113b-98 452 127.066 3.2 19.4850 2.5 0.2835 2.7 0.0401 1.0 0.38 253.2 2.6 253.4 6.1 255.3 57.7 253.2 2.6
CPV-12-113b-58 102 30.906 1.4 19.6744 11.0 0.2841 11.1 0.0405 1.6 0.14 256.2 3.9 253.9 24.9 233.0 254.0 256.2 3.9
CPV-12-113b-10 43 10.648 1.0 25.5828 38.4 0.2190 38.8 0.0406 5.4 0.14 256.7 13.6 201.1 70.8 -410.8 1,035.5 256.7 13.6
CPV-12-113b-44 579 212.371 5.8 19.3699 2.3 0.2894 2.9 0.0407 1.8 0.61 256.9 4.4 258.1 6.6 268.9 52.3 256.9 4.4
CPV-12-113b-36 345 72.070 1.1 19.3009 2.0 0.2941 2.1 0.0412 0.6 0.29 260.1 1.5 261.8 4.7 277.1 45.0 260.1 1.5
CPV-12-113b-80 255 163.689 1.1 19.0060 3.7 0.2988 4.0 0.0412 1.4 0.36 260.2 3.6 265.5 9.2 312.2 84.2 260.2 3.6
CPV-12-113b-26 118 23.329 1.3 19.4737 10.7 0.2923 11.1 0.0413 3.0 0.27 260.8 7.6 260.4 25.5 256.6 246.9 260.8 7.6
CPV-12-113b-83 34 10.165 1.1 21.1454 26.4 0.2750 27.0 0.0422 5.6 0.21 266.3 14.7 246.6 59.2 64.0 638.5 266.3 14.7
CPV-12-113b-8 216 35.488 0.9 19.0427 2.7 0.3069 2.9 0.0424 1.0 0.34 267.6 2.6 271.8 7.0 307.8 62.3 267.6 2.6
CPV-12-113b-68 547 201.622 0.7 19.2013 1.3 0.3044 1.7 0.0424 1.1 0.64 267.6 2.8 269.8 4.0 288.9 29.3 267.6 2.8
CPV-12-113b-23 138 106.724 0.9 19.7065 9.0 0.3000 9.1 0.0429 1.8 0.20 270.6 4.9 266.4 21.4 229.2 207.1 270.6 4.9
CPV-12-113b-78 680 14.472 0.7 18.7855 1.0 0.3152 2.3 0.0429 2.1 0.89 271.1 5.5 278.2 5.7 338.7 23.6 271.1 5.5
CPV-12-113b-91 98 14.659 1.1 18.4971 7.2 0.3265 7.6 0.0438 2.4 0.32 276.4 6.6 286.9 19.0 373.6 162.6 276.4 6.6
CPV-12-113b-76 200 63.754 0.9 18.5362 5.1 0.3329 5.5 0.0448 2.0 0.37 282.3 5.6 291.8 14.0 368.9 115.5 282.3 5.6
CPV-12-113b-15 42 8.122 1.0 20.6137 19.7 0.3078 20.5 0.0460 5.4 0.27 290.0 15.4 272.5 49.0 124.3 468.7 290.0 15.4
CPV-12-113b-59 90 43.517 1.3 18.7439 5.9 0.3387 7.5 0.0460 4.6 0.62 290.2 13.1 296.2 19.2 343.8 133.4 290.2 13.1
CPV-12-113b-90 167 115.539 1.3 19.0568 7.8 0.3364 8.6 0.0465 3.6 0.42 293.0 10.5 294.5 22.0 306.2 177.6 293.0 10.5
CPV-12-113b-93 119 36.184 2.6 18.6176 8.0 0.3451 8.1 0.0466 1.2 0.15 293.6 3.4 301.0 21.1 359.0 180.8 293.6 3.4
CPV-12-113b-37 76 26.888 1.1 19.6648 9.1 0.3276 9.4 0.0467 2.3 0.24 294.4 6.5 287.7 23.4 234.2 209.8 294.4 6.5
CPV-12-113b-85 106 37.792 0.8 18.6621 6.7 0.3460 6.9 0.0468 1.7 0.25 295.0 4.9 301.7 18.0 353.6 150.8 295.0 4.9
CPV-12-113b-25 89 59.554 1.3 17.9658 10.0 0.3600 10.2 0.0469 2.4 0.23 295.5 6.8 312.2 27.5 438.9 222.1 295.5 6.8
CPV-12-113b-100 78 24.666 1.3 18.6986 10.4 0.3460 10.7 0.0469 2.3 0.21 295.6 6.6 301.7 27.9 349.2 236.2 295.6 6.6
CPV-12-113b-61 221 25.066 1.2 19.0169 2.8 0.3428 3.3 0.0473 1.8 0.54 297.8 5.2 299.3 8.6 310.9 63.9 297.8 5.2
CPV-12-113b-60 100 42.272 1.6 19.0201 7.0 0.3489 7.2 0.0481 1.6 0.22 303.0 4.7 303.9 18.8 310.5 159.3 303.0 4.7
CPV-12-113b-88 288 114.291 14.8 17.8454 3.0 0.3932 5.9 0.0509 5.0 0.86 320.0 15.7 336.7 16.8 453.8 66.3 320.0 15.7

U 206 204
Pb/207Pb ± Pb/235U
207 ± Pb/238U
206 ± error 206 ±
Pb/238U (Ma) 207 ±
Pb/235U (Ma) Pb/207P*
206 ± Best age (¥) ±
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-113b-3 82 20.507 1.4 18.5736 11.7 0.3905 11.7 0.0526 1.3 0.11 330.5 4.3 334.7 33.5 364.3 263.9 330.5 4.3
CPV-12-113b-41 288 195.693 8.2 18.8564 2.4 0.3849 2.8 0.0526 1.4 0.52 330.7 4.6 330.6 7.8 330.2 53.6 330.7 4.6
CPV-12-113b-74 209 53.433 1.0 18.9765 5.7 0.3861 5.9 0.0531 1.3 0.23 333.7 4.4 331.5 16.7 315.7 130.7 333.7 4.4
CPV-12-113b-6 130 46.936 2.1 18.4012 5.2 0.4023 5.4 0.0537 1.2 0.23 337.1 4.1 343.3 15.6 385.3 117.3 337.1 4.1
CPV-12-113b-99 176 81.946 0.9 17.9813 2.8 0.4880 2.9 0.0636 0.9 0.32 397.7 3.6 403.5 9.7 436.9 61.7 397.7 3.6
CPV-12-113b-13 157 86.324 2.0 17.6281 3.0 0.5971 3.5 0.0763 1.8 0.51 474.2 8.1 475.4 13.3 480.9 67.0 474.2 8.1
CPV-12-113b-67 103 76.011 1.1 17.3301 4.1 0.6834 4.4 0.0859 1.7 0.39 531.3 8.7 528.9 18.3 518.5 89.7 531.3 8.7
CPV-12-113b-57 297 155.184 1.2 17.1806 1.1 0.7202 1.8 0.0897 1.4 0.78 554.0 7.4 550.8 7.5 537.5 24.0 554.0 7.4
CPV-12-113b-5 457 246.576 3.9 16.8701 1.0 0.7675 1.7 0.0939 1.4 0.80 578.6 7.5 578.3 7.5 577.3 22.2 578.6 7.5
CPV-12-113b-42 87 91.164 1.6 16.2483 2.8 0.8916 3.0 0.1051 1.1 0.36 644.0 6.7 647.2 14.4 658.3 60.1 644.0 6.7
CPV-12-113b-51 218 356.904 2.7 14.4773 1.7 1.1282 3.0 0.1185 2.6 0.84 721.7 17.4 766.9 16.4 900.9 34.1 721.7 17.4
CPV-12-113b-89 185 152.073 3.0 15.7316 1.8 1.0797 2.8 0.1232 2.1 0.76 748.9 14.9 743.5 14.7 727.2 38.4 748.9 14.9
CPV-12-113b-95 125 110.707 1.4 15.2525 1.8 1.1776 3.0 0.1303 2.4 0.79 789.4 17.6 790.2 16.5 792.4 38.4 789.4 17.6
CPV-12-113b-27 117 152.615 2.3 13.1910 1.9 1.9416 2.3 0.1857 1.3 0.56 1,098.3 13.1 1,095.5 15.7 1,090.0 38.9 1,090.0 38.9
CPV-12-113b-49 74 137.421 1.8 7.7936 0.7 7.0426 3.0 0.3981 2.9 0.97 2,160.2 53.2 2,116.8 26.5 2,074.9 12.4 2,074.9 12.4
CPV-12-113b-20 166 407.705 1.6 5.4334 0.2 11.5861 0.9 0.4566 0.9 0.97 2,424.4 18.5 2,571.6 8.9 2,689.7 4.0 2,689.7 4.0
(¥) The best age considered these 207Pb/235U values for zircons older than 1 Ga and 206Pb/238U ages values for zircons younger than 1 Ga (Nemchin and Cawood, 2005).
Nemchin, A.A.; Cawood, P.A. 2005. Discordance of the U-Pb system in detrital zircons: Implication for provenance studies of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary Geology 182 (1-4): 143-162.
doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.07.011.
235
236
SAMPLE CPV-12-29X

U 206Pb/204Pb U/Th
Analysis ± ± ± error ± ± ± Best age (¥) ±
(ppm)
206
Pb/207Pb Pb/235U
207 206
Pb*/238U (%) 206
Pb/238U (Ma) 207
206
(%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-29X-1 195 149.129 1.1 19.3574 5.0 0.3328 5.9 0.0467 3.0 0.51 294.4 8.6 291.7 14.9 270.4 115.7 294.4 8.6
CPV-12-29X-3 173 196.551 1.0 19.0603 12.5 0.3935 12.6 0.0544 1.8 0.15 341.5 6.1 337.0 36.3 305.7 286.0 341.5 6.1
CPV-12-29X-4 230 126.042 1.3 20.2889 6.4 0.3222 6.9 0.0474 2.6 0.38 298.6 7.6 283.6 17.1 161.6 149.7 298.6 7.6
CPV-12-29X-5 313 133.861 1.3 18.3265 8.6 0.3585 10.6 0.0477 6.2 0.59 300.1 18.3 311.1 28.4 394.4 192.5 300.1 18.3
CPV-12-29X-6 30 24.999 1.6 19.3872 16.4 0.3655 18.3 0.0514 8.1 0.44 323.1 25.5 316.3 49.8 266.9 379.2 323.1 25.5
CPV-12-29X-7 396 576.581 1.2 19.0551 3.3 0.3370 3.9 0.0466 2.1 0.53 293.4 6.0 294.9 10.0 306.4 75.8 293.4 6.0
CPV-12-29X-8 719 662.635 2.4 18.7659 0.8 0.3990 3.2 0.0543 3.1 0.97 340.9 10.1 340.9 9.1 341.1 17.7 340.9 10.1
CPV-12-29X-9 73 47.682 1.0 21.9111 14.3 0.3394 15.1 0.0539 4.7 0.31 338.7 15.6 296.7 38.8 -21.4 347.9 338.7 15.6
CPV-12-29X-10 331 255.976 1.4 19.3579 5.3 0.2841 6.0 0.0399 2.7 0.45 252.2 6.7 253.9 13.4 270.3 121.9 252.2 6.7
CPV-12-29X-11 89 84.764 2.0 18.5414 15.2 0.3334 15.7 0.0448 4.0 0.25 282.7 10.9 292.2 39.8 368.2 343.4 282.7 10.9
CPV-12-29X-12 564 360.397 1.1 18.9736 2.3 0.3763 2.5 0.0518 1.2 0.46 325.4 3.7 324.3 7.0 316.1 51.3 325.4 3.7
CPV-12-29X-13 197 115.221 1.1 19.4702 7.4 0.3151 7.7 0.0445 2.2 0.29 280.7 6.1 278.1 18.8 257.0 170.2 280.7 6.1
CPV-12-29X-14 105 77.450 0.6 20.4547 11.2 0.2678 11.6 0.0397 3.3 0.28 251.1 8.1 240.9 25.0 142.5 262.5 251.1 8.1
CPV-12-29X-15 83 59.969 1.8 18.8783 13.0 0.3785 13.5 0.0518 3.5 0.26 325.7 11.2 325.9 37.5 327.6 295.6 325.7 11.2
CPV-12-29X-16 552 904.694 4.2 18.6364 1.8 0.3964 3.3 0.0536 2.8 0.84 336.5 9.2 339.0 9.6 356.7 40.8 336.5 9.2
CPV-12-29X-17 366 190.031 1.4 19.1509 3.1 0.3463 4.1 0.0481 2.6 0.63 302.9 7.6 301.9 10.6 294.9 71.9 302.9 7.6
CPV-12-29X-18 385 152.750 1.0 18.8725 4.8 0.3288 5.2 0.0450 1.8 0.35 283.7 5.0 288.6 13.0 328.2 109.9 283.7 5.0
CPV-12-29X-19 96 17.082 0.7 19.4634 27.0 0.2873 27.4 0.0406 4.7 0.17 256.3 11.7 256.4 62.2 257.8 631.5 256.3 11.7
CPV-12-29X-20 102 64.141 1.7 17.8871 10.9 0.3923 11.3 0.0509 2.9 0.26 320.0 9.1 336.1 32.4 448.6 243.2 320.0 9.1
CPV-12-29X-21 101 50.652 0.9 19.6625 20.3 0.2785 20.8 0.0397 4.3 0.20 251.1 10.5 249.5 46.0 234.4 473.7 251.1 10.5
CPV-12-29X-22 129 83.184 0.8 18.5717 10.6 0.3429 10.8 0.0462 2.0 0.19 291.0 5.8 299.3 28.1 364.6 240.6 291.0 5.8
CPV-12-29X-23 165 81.354 1.4 19.7788 8.8 0.3190 9.2 0.0458 2.6 0.28 288.4 7.3 281.1 22.6 220.8 204.7 288.4 7.3
CPV-12-29X-24 328 205.350 1.3 19.1289 2.7 0.3692 3.1 0.0512 1.5 0.48 322.0 4.7 319.1 8.4 297.6 61.7 322.0 4.7
CPV-12-29X-25 176 98.000 0.9 19.5995 11.5 0.2763 12.1 0.0393 3.8 0.31 248.3 9.2 247.7 26.6 241.8 265.6 248.3 9.2
CPV-12-29X-26 308 251.291 1.1 18.9317 4.7 0.3393 5.3 0.0466 2.5 0.48 293.5 7.3 296.6 13.7 321.2 106.1 293.5 7.3
CPV-12-29X-27 119 100.536 1.4 18.6433 11.5 0.3900 11.8 0.0527 2.7 0.23 331.3 8.6 334.4 33.6 355.9 259.7 331.3 8.6
CPV-12-29X-28 410 231.888 1.2 19.1623 3.7 0.3018 5.4 0.0419 3.9 0.72 264.9 10.2 267.8 12.8 293.6 85.5 264.9 10.2
Sample CPV-12-29X continued.

U 206 204
Pb/207Pb ± 207
Pb/235U ± ± error
Pb/238U (%)
206 206 ±
Pb/238U (Ma) 207 ±
206 ± Best age (¥) ±
(%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-29X-29 390 305.604 2.0 18.6425 4.0 0.3859 4.4 0.0522 1.9 0.42 327.9 5.9 331.4 12.5 356.0 90.9 327.9 5.9
CPV-12-29X-30 62 53.009 0.9 22.3594 36.9 0.2409 37.4 0.0391 6.2 0.16 247.0 14.9 219.1 73.9 -70.7 929.9 247.0 14.9
CPV-12-29X-31 138 136.034 2.2 19.2474 10.9 0.3330 11.1 0.0465 2.2 0.20 292.9 6.4 291.9 28.2 283.5 249.8 292.9 6.4
CPV-12-29X-32 120 160.050 1.3 19.1719 12.2 0.3855 12.9 0.0536 4.3 0.33 336.6 14.0 331.1 36.6 292.4 280.0 336.6 14.0
CPV-12-29X-33 516 310.030 1.5 19.4053 2.3 0.2796 3.5 0.0394 2.7 0.76 248.8 6.6 250.3 7.9 264.7 53.1 248.8 6.6
CPV-12-29X-34 241 183.455 1.7 18.0128 4.1 0.3484 4.4 0.0455 1.7 0.38 286.9 4.6 303.5 11.5 433.0 90.7 286.9 4.6
CPV-12-29X-35 102 155.748 0.9 17.5901 13.9 0.4194 14.5 0.0535 4.4 0.30 336.0 14.5 355.6 43.7 485.7 307.2 336.0 14.5
CPV-12-29X-36 267 67.242 1.0 18.4650 7.8 0.2995 8.3 0.0401 2.7 0.33 253.5 6.7 266.0 19.3 377.5 176.0 253.5 6.7
CPV-12-29X-37 90 90.810 2.6 20.0587 17.0 0.3138 17.6 0.0457 4.7 0.26 287.8 13.1 277.2 42.8 188.2 398.0 287.8 13.1
CPV-12-29X-38 226 241.278 0.6 19.4451 6.8 0.3867 8.2 0.0545 4.5 0.55 342.3 15.1 332.0 23.2 260.0 156.7 342.3 15.1
CPV-12-29X-39 145 115.692 1.1 19.1031 4.1 0.3392 5.7 0.0470 3.8 0.68 296.0 11.1 296.5 14.5 300.6 94.6 296.0 11.1
CPV-12-29X-40 89 85.939 1.1 19.7556 13.2 0.3202 13.6 0.0459 3.3 0.24 289.1 9.3 282.0 33.4 223.5 305.6 289.1 9.3
CPV-12-29X-41 432 350.687 1.0 19.0515 1.9 0.3778 2.5 0.0522 1.6 0.65 328.0 5.2 325.4 7.0 306.8 43.4 328.0 5.2
CPV-12-29X-42 140 134.136 1.7 18.2651 12.5 0.3492 12.9 0.0463 3.0 0.24 291.5 8.7 304.1 33.8 402.0 281.1 291.5 8.7
CPV-12-29X-43 37 43.029 0.5 21.4653 80.3 0.2511 80.6 0.0391 6.8 0.08 247.2 16.5 227.4 165.6 28.1 2,369.1 247.2 16.5
CPV-12-29X-44 151 135.425 1.0 20.6103 10.7 0.3399 11.3 0.0508 3.6 0.32 319.5 11.3 297.1 29.2 124.7 253.7 319.5 11.3
CPV-12-29X-45 425 335.265 0.8 18.4118 3.7 0.3911 4.3 0.0522 2.3 0.53 328.1 7.3 335.1 12.3 384.0 82.3 328.1 7.3
CPV-12-29X-46 74 99.465 1.0 17.3981 21.7 0.4022 22.1 0.0508 3.9 0.18 319.2 12.1 343.3 64.4 509.9 483.3 319.2 12.1
CPV-12-29X-47 291 168.730 1.3 19.3938 5.4 0.3216 6.5 0.0452 3.6 0.56 285.2 10.1 283.1 16.0 266.1 123.1 285.2 10.1
CPV-12-29X-48 244 279.861 1.6 18.1565 4.0 0.3413 4.6 0.0449 2.4 0.51 283.4 6.6 298.1 12.0 415.3 89.3 283.4 6.6
CPV-12-29X-49 626 321.340 1.4 19.0890 3.0 0.2804 3.4 0.0388 1.6 0.48 245.5 4.0 251.0 7.7 302.3 68.9 245.5 4.0
CPV-12-29X-50 454 533.799 1.1 18.5394 2.0 0.3802 2.8 0.0511 1.9 0.70 321.4 6.1 327.2 7.8 368.5 44.9 321.4 6.1
CPV-12-29X-51 198 176.140 1.1 19.4324 10.2 0.3311 10.7 0.0467 3.0 0.28 294.0 8.7 290.4 27.0 261.5 235.9 294.0 8.7
CPV-12-29X-52 141 507.049 0.7 11.4429 1.2 2.7147 1.9 0.2253 1.5 0.78 1,309.8 18.0 1,332.5 14.5 1,369.1 23.5 1,369.1 23.5
CPV-12-29X-53 70 69.450 1.6 16.4695 22.6 0.3767 23.1 0.0450 5.1 0.22 283.7 14.1 324.6 64.3 629.2 491.8 283.7 14.1
CPV-12-29X-54 284 340.695 1.4 18.8237 2.3 0.3785 3.4 0.0517 2.5 0.73 324.8 7.9 326.0 9.5 334.1 52.3 324.8 7.9
237
CPV-12-29X-55 70 36.226 1.3 20.0909 17.4 0.3070 17.9 0.0447 4.3 0.24 282.1 11.9 271.8 42.7 184.4 407.4 282.1 11.9
238
U 206 204
Analysis (ppm) Pb/ Pb U/Th Pb/207Pb ± Pb/235U ± ± error
Pb/238U (%) ±
Pb/238U (Ma) ±
Pb/235U (Ma) Pb/207Pb ± Best age (¥) ±
206 207 206 206 207 206
(% (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-29X-56 311 182.778 1.1 19.3344 3.0 0.2876 4.1 0.0403 2.8 0.68 254.9 6.9 256.7 9.3 273.1 68.8 254.9 6.9
CPV-12-29X-57 1.030 478.118 1.8 19.5743 1.2 0.2789 2.8 0.0396 2.5 0.91 250.3 6.2 249.8 6.2 244.8 27.4 250.3 6.2
CPV-12-29X-58 47 40.137 1.0 20.7804 40.2 0.2938 40.8 0.0443 6.7 0.16 279.3 18.4 261.5 94.2 105.3 985.7 279.3 18.4
CPV-12-29X-59 227 127.763 1.1 20.4420 11.1 0.2690 11.3 0.0399 2.0 0.18 252.1 5.0 241.9 24.3 144.0 261.2 252.1 5.0
CPV-12-29X-60 439 864.058 1.1 19.3413 5.1 0.2916 5.5 0.0409 2.0 0.35 258.4 4.9 259.8 12.6 272.3 118.0 258.4 4.9
CPV-12-29X-61 230 151.570 1.2 19.4606 5.6 0.3729 5.9 0.0526 1.6 0.28 330.7 5.2 321.8 16.2 258.2 129.7 330.7 5.2
CPV-12-29X-62 217 117.839 1.4 18.6856 6.9 0.3407 8.1 0.0462 4.3 0.53 290.9 12.3 297.7 21.0 350.8 156.2 290.9 12.3
CPV-12-29X-63 78 51.627 1.5 19.9343 20.1 0.3137 20.6 0.0453 4.8 0.23 285.9 13.4 277.0 50.1 202.7 469.7 285.9 13.4
CPV-12-29X-64 88 48.057 1.5 16.2090 8.4 0.3993 10.5 0.0469 6.3 0.60 295.7 18.1 341.2 30.4 663.5 180.7 295.7 18.1
CPV-12-29X-65 198 94.574 1.4 20.0366 11.4 0.2793 12.2 0.0406 4.3 0.35 256.5 10.8 250.1 27.0 190.8 266.3 256.5 10.8
CPV-12-29X-66 117 65.971 1.5 20.8854 16.8 0.3024 17.1 0.0458 3.2 0.19 288.7 9.1 268.3 40.3 93.3 399.7 288.7 9.1
CPV-12-29X-67 235 179.382 1.0 18.9557 5.9 0.2807 6.1 0.0386 1.8 0.30 244.1 4.4 251.2 13.7 318.2 133.3 244.1 4.4
CPV-12-29X-68 219 404.883 1.5 21.0271 6.9 0.2627 7.3 0.0401 2.6 0.35 253.3 6.4 236.9 15.5 77.3 163.0 253.3 6.4
CPV-12-29X-69 100 138.185 1.3 25.1993 19.9 0.2622 20.2 0.0479 3.5 0.17 301.8 10.3 236.4 42.6 -371.5 519.8 301.8 10.3
CPV-12-29X-70 224 116.219 2.4 19.6123 5.7 0.2808 6.3 0.0399 2.8 0.44 252.5 6.9 251.3 14.0 240.3 130.6 252.5 6.9
CPV-12-29X-71 124 54.425 0.7 20.4521 9.0 0.2752 9.7 0.0408 3.6 0.37 257.9 9.0 246.8 21.2 142.8 211.2 257.9 9.0
CPV-12-29X-72 148 104.110 0.6 18.8256 9.9 0.2810 11.0 0.0384 4.9 0.44 242.7 11.7 251.5 24.6 333.9 224.5 242.7 11.7
CPV-12-29X-73 99 71.075 0.8 19.9103 14.4 0.2684 14.9 0.0388 4.0 0.27 245.2 9.6 241.4 32.1 205.4 335.2 245.2 9.6
CPV-12-29X-74 178 103.074 1.0 19.1937 4.9 0.2799 5.5 0.0390 2.5 0.45 246.4 6.0 250.6 12.2 289.8 111.9 246.4 6.0
CPV-12-29X-75 298 260.625 1.7 18.4614 3.9 0.3521 4.7 0.0471 2.6 0.55 297.0 7.4 306.3 12.3 378.0 87.4 297.0 7.4
CPV-12-29X-76 259 265.820 1.7 19.0282 5.5 0.3147 5.9 0.0434 2.2 0.37 274.1 5.8 277.8 14.4 309.6 125.7 274.1 5.8
CPV-12-29X-77 198 61.082 0.8 18.2948 9.6 0.4014 10.7 0.0533 4.7 0.44 334.5 15.2 342.7 31.1 398.3 216.0 334.5 15.2
CPV-12-29X-78 221 344.622 1.5 19.3147 7.7 0.3243 8.0 0.0454 2.2 0.27 286.4 6.2 285.2 20.0 275.4 177.0 286.4 6.2
CPV-12-29X-79 43 48.648 1.4 21.3366 54.1 0.2826 54.5 0.0437 6.0 0.11 275.9 16.1 252.7 122.4 42.5 1,391.1 275.9 16.1
CPV-12-29X-80 158 109.240 1.2 19.0709 7.3 0.2786 9.7 0.0385 6.4 0.66 243.8 15.3 249.6 21.5 304.4 166.3 243.8 15.3
CPV-12-29X-82 281 128.631 1.3 19.9914 4.8 0.3097 5.1 0.0449 1.8 0.35 283.2 5.0 274.0 12.3 196.0 112.1 283.2 5.0
CPV-12-29X-84 404 395.342 0.9 19.7956 5.4 0.2779 6.9 0.0399 4.3 0.62 252.2 10.5 249.0 15.2 218.8 124.9 252.2 10.5

U 206 204
Pb/207Pb ± 207
Pb/235U ± ± error
Pb/238U (%)
206 206 ±
Pb/238U (Ma) 207 ±
206 ± Best age (¥) ±
(%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-29X-85 74 42.183 1.4 24.7574 24.0 0.2599 24.3 0.0467 4.0 0.17 294.0 11.6 234.5 51.0 -325.8 623.5 294.0 11.6
CPV-12-29X-86 388 240.712 1.0 19.5408 3.4 0.3302 4.3 0.0468 2.5 0.59 294.8 7.3 289.7 10.7 248.7 78.8 294.8 7.3
CPV-12-29X-87 117 107.671 1.4 18.9090 8.0 0.3446 8.8 0.0473 3.6 0.41 297.7 10.4 300.6 22.9 323.9 182.8 297.7 10.4
CPV-12-29X-88 110 91.454 0.8 17.8784 7.9 0.4016 8.8 0.0521 3.9 0.44 327.3 12.3 342.8 25.5 449.7 175.4 327.3 12.3
CPV-12-29X-89 71 98.141 1.6 18.2831 14.1 0.3912 14.5 0.0519 3.5 0.24 326.0 11.0 335.2 41.4 399.8 316.4 326.0 11.0
CPV-12-29X-90 109 116.851 1.0 19.3335 28.1 0.3289 28.3 0.0461 3.0 0.11 290.6 8.5 288.7 71.1 273.2 655.4 290.6 8.5
CPV-12-29X-91 85 79.247 0.9 20.7862 19.5 0.3554 19.7 0.0536 2.9 0.15 336.4 9.4 308.7 52.5 104.6 464.0 336.4 9.4
CPV-12-29X-92 87 49.981 1.0 18.4912 25.2 0.3349 25.6 0.0449 4.5 0.18 283.2 12.5 293.3 65.2 374.3 574.3 283.2 12.5
CPV-12-29X-93 169 155.983 1.2 20.0466 12.3 0.2690 13.0 0.0391 4.1 0.32 247.3 10.0 241.9 27.9 189.6 287.3 247.3 10.0
CPV-12-29X-94 104 131.248 1.4 19.4654 11.4 0.3779 11.8 0.0534 2.7 0.23 335.1 9.0 325.5 32.8 257.6 263.8 335.1 9.0
CPV-12-29X-95 276 140.650 1.3 18.4255 5.0 0.3048 5.6 0.0407 2.6 0.47 257.3 6.6 270.1 13.3 382.4 111.3 257.3 6.6
CPV-12-29X-96 236 76.727 0.9 19.1899 9.7 0.2792 10.5 0.0389 4.2 0.39 245.8 10.0 250.0 23.4 290.3 221.6 245.8 10.0
CPV-12-29X-97 294 131.861 1.1 18.9683 6.0 0.2875 6.6 0.0396 2.7 0.41 250.1 6.6 256.6 14.9 316.7 136.9 250.1 6.6
CPV-12-29X-98 97 41.702 1.0 20.2345 26.1 0.2609 26.3 0.0383 3.2 0.12 242.2 7.6 235.4 55.4 167.8 620.1 242.2 7.6
CPV-12-29X-99 719 505.172 1.0 19.6839 1.9 0.2734 2.7 0.0390 1.9 0.72 246.8 4.7 245.4 5.9 231.9 42.9 246.8 4.7
CPV-12-29X-100 319 172.468 0.8 19.8599 5.1 0.3106 5.4 0.0447 1.8 0.33 282.1 4.9 274.7 12.9 211.3 117.6 282.1 4.9
(¥) The best age considered these 207Pb/235U values for zircons older than 1 Ga and 206Pb/238U ages values for zircons younger than 1 Ga (Nemchin and Cawood, 2005).
doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.07.011.
239
240
SAMPLE CPV-12-89D.

U
Analysis 206
Pb/204Pb U/Th ± ± ± error ± ± ± Best age (¥) ±
(ppm) 206
Pb/207Pb Pb/235U
207 206
Pb/238U 206
Pb/238U 207
Pb/235U Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-89D-1 94 155.973 1.2 17.2063 9.3 0.7257 9.7 0.0906 2.7 0.28 558.9 14.3 554.0 41.4 534.2 204.4 558.9 14.3
CPV-12-89D-2 96 169.739 2.1 13.8548 5.2 1.6877 7.0 0.1696 4.6 0.66 1,009.8 43.4 1,003.9 44.7 991.0 106.8 991.0 106.8
CPV-12-89D-3 384 120.526 1.6 19.5881 4.2 0.2352 4.9 0.0334 2.6 0.52 211.8 5.3 214.4 9.5 243.2 97.1 211.8 5.3
CPV-12-89D-4 373 434.734 2.0 17.1816 1.8 0.6589 6.0 0.0821 5.7 0.96 508.7 28.1 513.9 24.2 537.4 38.3 508.7 28.1
CPV-12-89D-6 60 133.626 1.1 16.6278 4.8 0.7880 5.9 0.0950 3.3 0.57 585.3 18.6 590.1 26.2 608.6 104.3 585.3 18.6
CPV-12-89D-7 89 362.743 3.2 14.2034 3.8 1.5135 4.0 0.1559 1.2 0.29 934.0 10.1 935.8 24.3 940.2 77.8 940.2 77.8
CPV-12-89D-8 180 94.059 0.9 18.2216 10.1 0.3054 10.3 0.0404 2.3 0.22 255.1 5.8 270.6 24.5 407.3 225.5 255.1 5.8
CPV-12-89D-9 203 812.556 2.3 13.4772 1.2 1.8021 8.2 0.1761 8.1 0.99 1,045.9 78.4 1,046.2 53.6 1,046.9 24.0 1,046.9 24.0
CPV-12-89D-10 198 240.230 1.4 19.8579 7.6 0.3290 7.7 0.0474 1.6 0.21 298.4 4.8 288.8 19.4 211.5 175.2 298.4 4.8
CPV-12-89D-11 32 173.422 1.2 8.3350 2.5 5.9692 2.7 0.3608 1.1 0.41 1,986.2 19.0 1,971.4 23.6 1,955.8 44.1 1,955.8 44.1
CPV-12-89D-12 360 502.382 112.2 18.1770 2.0 0.5464 3.1 0.0720 2.4 0.78 448.4 10.4 442.6 11.1 412.8 43.7 448.4 10.4
CPV-12-89D-13 181 197.296 2.0 13.3186 1.5 1.6408 4.0 0.1585 3.7 0.92 948.4 32.6 986.0 25.3 1,070.7 31.0 1,070.7 31.0
CPV-12-89D-14 194 482.201 1.1 16.4433 3.2 0.8655 5.0 0.1032 3.9 0.77 633.2 23.3 633.1 23.7 632.7 69.4 633.2 23.3
CPV-12-89D-15 423 738.101 4.0 16.2923 1.0 0.9242 1.4 0.1092 1.0 0.69 668.1 6.1 664.6 6.8 652.5 21.9 668.1 6.1
CPV-12-89D-17 215 257.449 1.1 18.9487 6.3 0.3004 6.4 0.0413 1.1 0.17 260.8 2.7 266.7 15.0 319.1 143.5 260.8 2.7
CPV-12-89D-19 74 57.661 1.0 22.8557 16.2 0.2729 16.7 0.0452 4.1 0.25 285.2 11.5 245.0 36.4 -124.6 401.9 285.2 11.5
CPV-12-89D-22 137 857.467 0.8 6.2234 1.4 9.6420 3.0 0.4352 2.7 0.88 2,329.1 52.4 2,401.2 28.0 2,462.9 24.2 2,462.9 24.2
CPV-12-89D-24 106 157.624 2.0 18.7519 14.5 0.3511 14.8 0.0478 3.2 0.22 300.7 9.4 305.6 39.1 342.8 328.6 300.7 9.4
CPV-12-89D-29 125 263.461 1.3 19.7539 15.3 0.3399 16.2 0.0487 5.1 0.31 306.5 15.2 297.1 41.7 223.7 356.7 306.5 15.2
CPV-12-89D-31 210 284.351 2.1 13.2722 1.2 1.6176 2.1 0.1557 1.8 0.82 932.9 15.3 977.1 13.5 1,077.7 24.8 1,077.7 24.8
CPV-12-89D-32 81 68.483 1.0 18.4562 19.1 0.3003 19.3 0.0402 2.6 0.13 254.0 6.4 266.6 45.2 378.6 433.3 254.0 6.4
CPV-12-89D-34 73 97.942 1.4 17.3580 9.7 0.6174 10.3 0.0777 3.4 0.33 482.6 16.0 488.2 40.0 515.0 213.9 482.6 16.0
CPV-12-89D-35 208 168.566 1.1 18.4168 6.8 0.3655 7.3 0.0488 2.7 0.36 307.3 8.0 316.3 19.9 383.4 153.4 307.3 8.0
CPV-12-89D-36 97 278.807 1.7 16.0351 5.0 0.9314 7.0 0.1083 4.9 0.70 663.0 30.8 668.4 34.2 686.6 106.2 663.0 30.8
CPV-12-89D-37 115 80.537 1.4 17.4932 5.7 0.3766 9.6 0.0478 7.8 0.81 300.9 22.8 324.5 26.8 497.9 126.1 300.9 22.8
CPV-12-89D-38 111 184.801 0.5 17.7848 9.4 0.5600 9.5 0.0722 1.6 0.17 449.6 6.8 451.5 34.6 461.4 207.9 449.6 6.8
Sample CPV-12-89D continued.

U
Analysis Pb/204Pb U/Th
206
± ± ± error ± ± ± Best age (¥) ±
(ppm) 206
Pb/207Pb 207
Pb/235U 206
Pb/238U 206
Pb/238U (Ma) Pb/235U (Ma)
207
Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-89D-39 117 89.615 1.1 13.6191 1.3 1.6010 5.2 0.1581 5.1 0.97 946.4 44.5 970.6 32.6 1,025.7 25.9 1,025.7 25.9
CPV-12-89D-40 189 72.284 1.3 19.1626 10.5 0.2423 10.8 0.0337 2.4 0.22 213.5 5.0 220.3 21.4 293.5 240.6 213.5 5.0
CPV-12-89D-41 116 8.002 0.7 16.5498 16.6 0.3323 18.2 0.0399 7.5 0.41 252.1 18.6 291.3 46.1 618.8 359.7 252.1 18.6
CPV-12-89D-42 478 238.923 0.8 19.4436 2.4 0.2925 2.8 0.0413 1.5 0.55 260.6 4.0 260.5 6.5 260.2 54.0 260.6 4.0
CPV-12-89D-43 101 39.756 1.2 19.0490 8.1 0.2252 9.2 0.0311 4.3 0.47 197.5 8.4 206.3 17.2 307.1 185.4 197.5 8.4
CPV-12-89D-44 327 235.440 1.5 18.3353 2.9 0.3763 4.4 0.0500 3.3 0.75 314.8 10.2 324.3 12.2 393.4 64.9 314.8 10.2
CPV-12-89D-45 54 236.173 1.3 13.3651 4.9 1.9081 5.3 0.1850 1.8 0.35 1,094.0 18.4 1,083.9 35.1 1,063.7 99.4 1,063.7 99.4
(¥) The best age considered these 206Pb/207Pb values for zircons older than 1 Ga and 206Pb/238U ages values for zircons younger than 1 Ga (Nemchin and Cawood. 2005).
Nemchin. A.A.; Cawood. P.A. 2005. Discordance of the U-Pb system in detrital zircons: Implication for provenance studies of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary Geology 182 (1-4): 143-162.
doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.07.011.
241
242
SAMPLE CPV-12-39.

U
206
± ± ± error ± ± ± Best age (¥) ±
(ppm) 206
Pb/207Pb Pb/235U
207 206
Pb/238U Pb/238U
206 207
Pb/235U Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-39-1 139 83.943 1.0 18.5950 6.6 0.3239 6.9 0.0437 2.0 0.29 275.6 5.4 284.9 17.2 361.7 149.4 275.6 5.4
CPV-12-39-2 123 53.160 0.8 19.5573 10.5 0.3317 10.6 0.0471 1.5 0.14 296.4 4.4 290.9 26.9 246.8 242.7 296.4 4.4
CPV-12-39-3 379 121.335 1.5 19.2569 2.1 0.3543 2.1 0.0495 0.4 0.19 311.3 1.3 307.9 5.7 282.3 48.1 311.3 1.3
CPV-12-39-4 54 23.414 0.6 22.4716 30.0 0.2477 30.5 0.0404 5.1 0.17 255.2 12.8 224.7 61.5 -82.9 749.7 255.2 12.8
CPV-12-39-5 49 36.542 0.9 23.9386 34.9 0.2221 35.1 0.0386 3.8 0.11 243.9 9.0 203.6 64.9 -240.1 905.0 243.9 9.0
CPV-12-39-7 83 158.792 2.6 12.5964 3.0 2.2140 3.1 0.2023 0.8 0.26 1,187.5 8.5 1,185.5 21.5 1,181.8 58.8 1,181.8 58.8
CPV-12-39-8 113 31.274 0.5 18.5597 7.0 0.2927 7.2 0.0394 1.4 0.20 249.1 3.5 260.7 16.5 366.0 158.4 249.1 3.5
CPV-12-39-9 141 27.549 0.8 17.9315 8.1 0.3434 8.2 0.0447 1.5 0.18 281.7 4.2 299.8 21.3 443.1 179.7 281.7 4.2
CPV-12-39-10 101 132.837 1.0 14.7864 2.8 1.3134 2.9 0.1409 0.7 0.26 849.5 5.9 851.6 16.6 857.2 57.8 849.5 5.9
CPV-12-39-11 58 281.985 0.9 9.3154 1.9 4.5873 2.1 0.3099 0.9 0.45 1,740.3 14.3 1,747.0 17.4 1,754.9 34.1 1,754.9 34.1
CPV-12-39-12 108 32.069 1.0 18.8064 14.0 0.3272 14.2 0.0446 2.2 0.16 281.5 6.1 287.5 35.5 336.2 319.0 281.5 6.1
CPV-12-39-13 98 32.385 1.3 18.8207 5.8 0.3375 6.1 0.0461 1.6 0.27 290.3 4.6 295.3 15.5 334.5 132.4 290.3 4.6
CPV-12-39-14 128 57.188 1.0 19.7065 13.6 0.3132 13.7 0.0448 2.2 0.16 282.3 6.2 276.6 33.3 229.2 314.5 282.3 6.2
CPV-12-39-15 1.003 274.333 2.2 19.5249 1.8 0.2806 1.9 0.0397 0.6 0.31 251.2 1.4 251.1 4.1 250.6 40.8 251.2 1.4
CPV-12-39-16 183 45.238 1.0 19.1726 4.2 0.3095 4.3 0.0430 1.0 0.23 271.6 2.6 273.8 10.3 292.3 95.2 271.6 2.6
CPV-12-39-17 413 151.939 1.1 19.2485 2.2 0.3267 2.2 0.0456 0.5 0.22 287.5 1.4 287.0 5.6 283.3 50.2 287.5 1.4
CPV-12-39-18 118 42.225 1.5 19.7944 13.0 0.3282 13.5 0.0471 3.6 0.26 296.8 10.3 288.2 33.8 218.9 301.8 296.8 10.3
CPV-12-39-19 211 78.425 1.6 19.4893 5.5 0.3712 5.7 0.0525 1.3 0.22 329.7 4.1 320.5 15.5 254.8 126.8 329.7 4.1
CPV-12-39-20 132 54.059 1.0 19.0382 10.8 0.3260 10.9 0.0450 1.3 0.12 283.8 3.7 286.5 27.1 308.4 246.1 283.8 3.7
CPV-12-39-21 271 59.794 0.8 18.7575 2.7 0.3800 2.8 0.0517 0.8 0.29 324.9 2.6 327.0 7.8 342.1 60.7 324.9 2.6
CPV-12-39-23 117 37.110 1.6 16.7137 5.5 0.4054 10.8 0.0491 9.3 0.86 309.2 28.0 345.5 31.5 597.5 118.4 309.2 28.0
CPV-12-39-25 172 52.708 1.1 18.6475 10.4 0.3527 10.6 0.0477 1.8 0.17 300.4 5.3 306.7 28.1 355.4 236.3 300.4 5.3
CPV-12-39-26 135 60.109 1.0 20.7188 8.5 0.2754 8.7 0.0414 1.4 0.16 261.4 3.5 247.0 19.0 112.3 201.9 261.4 3.5
CPV-12-39-27 430 247.526 1.6 19.0643 1.9 0.3288 2.0 0.0455 0.5 0.24 286.6 1.3 288.6 5.0 305.3 44.1 286.6 1.3
CPV-12-39-28 714 253.719 2.0 18.8521 1.4 0.3873 1.5 0.0530 0.5 0.32 332.6 1.5 332.4 4.2 330.7 31.8 332.6 1.5
CPV-12-39-29 69 11.668 1.6 20.4802 19.8 0.2673 20.1 0.0397 3.5 0.18 251.0 8.7 240.5 43.0 139.6 468.3 251.0 8.7
Sample CPV-12-39 continued.

U
Analysis 206
(ppm) 206
Pb/207Pb 207
Pb/235U 206
Pb/238U 206
Pb/238U (Ma) 207
Pb/235U (Ma) 206
Pb/207Pb
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-39-30 434 136.303 0.6 19.0689 2.3 0.3360 2.3 0.0465 0.3 0.13 292.8 0.9 294.2 5.9 304.7 52.0 292.8 0.9
CPV-12-39-31 133 44.464 1.5 18.0944 9.9 0.3497 10.2 0.0459 2.5 0.24 289.3 7.0 304.5 26.9 423.0 222.1 289.3 7.0
CPV-12-39-32 160 22.119 0.8 17.7548 6.0 0.3608 6.2 0.0465 1.7 0.27 292.8 4.8 312.8 16.7 465.1 132.6 292.8 4.8
CPV-12-39-33 387 117.853 0.9 19.3232 3.5 0.2799 3.8 0.0392 1.3 0.36 248.1 3.3 250.6 8.3 274.4 80.4 248.1 3.3
CPV-12-39-34 359 26.973 7.7 17.9971 3.6 0.3951 3.7 0.0516 0.9 0.24 324.2 2.8 338.1 10.6 435.0 79.9 324.2 2.8
CPV-12-39-35 341 118.197 1.9 19.4360 2.8 0.2901 2.9 0.0409 0.6 0.22 258.4 1.6 258.7 6.7 261.1 65.3 258.4 1.6
CPV-12-39-36 30 13.421 1.6 12.9393 19.1 0.4885 19.8 0.0458 5.2 0.26 288.9 14.6 403.9 66.0 1,128.6 383.5 288.9 14.6
CPV-12-39-38 147 64.458 1.0 19.4159 8.7 0.3358 8.9 0.0473 2.2 0.24 297.9 6.3 294.0 22.8 263.4 199.3 297.9 6.3
CPV-12-39-39 215 56.764 1.0 19.0393 7.4 0.2987 7.4 0.0412 0.9 0.13 260.5 2.4 265.4 17.3 308.2 167.8 260.5 2.4
CPV-12-39-40 170 49.697 1.2 18.7662 7.4 0.3385 7.4 0.0461 0.9 0.11 290.3 2.4 296.0 19.1 341.1 167.4 290.3 2.4
CPV-12-39-41 107 108.676 1.3 19.2440 7.9 0.2718 8.1 0.0379 1.9 0.23 240.0 4.5 244.1 17.7 283.9 181.2 240.0 4.5
CPV-12-39-42 488 152.206 3.2 18.6207 2.4 0.3718 2.5 0.0502 0.4 0.16 315.8 1.2 321.0 6.8 358.6 55.1 315.8 1.2
CPV-12-39-43 261 111.880 1.7 19.4564 2.9 0.3744 3.1 0.0528 1.2 0.39 331.8 3.9 322.9 8.6 258.7 65.9 331.8 3.9
CPV-12-39-44 237 77.456 1.5 19.0661 4.4 0.3080 4.5 0.0426 0.6 0.13 268.8 1.5 272.6 10.7 305.0 101.0 268.8 1.5
CPV-12-39-45 296 96.402 1.1 19.5060 3.8 0.2935 4.0 0.0415 1.0 0.26 262.3 2.6 261.3 9.1 252.8 88.0 262.3 2.6
CPV-12-39-46 288 67.377 0.9 19.1515 4.5 0.2988 4.6 0.0415 0.9 0.20 262.1 2.4 265.4 10.7 294.8 102.8 262.1 2.4
CPV-12-39-47 68 21.895 1.0 21.3160 14.4 0.2737 15.5 0.0423 5.8 0.37 267.2 15.2 245.7 33.9 44.8 345.6 267.2 15.2
CPV-12-39-48 126 195.887 0.8 18.2889 9.7 0.3084 9.8 0.0409 1.0 0.10 258.4 2.4 272.9 23.4 399.1 218.7 258.4 2.4
CPV-12-39-49 143 76.650 1.1 19.9594 5.4 0.3085 5.6 0.0447 1.6 0.28 281.6 4.3 273.0 13.4 199.7 124.7 281.6 4.3
CPV-12-39-50 348 91.078 1.3 19.3099 2.0 0.2850 2.7 0.0399 1.7 0.65 252.3 4.3 254.6 6.0 276.0 46.2 252.3 4.3
CPV-12-39-52 87 40.542 0.9 18.2676 13.1 0.3427 13.2 0.0454 1.9 0.14 286.2 5.2 299.2 34.3 401.7 294.4 286.2 5.2
CPV-12-39-53 99 28.912 1.4 19.3406 8.2 0.3318 8.3 0.0465 1.6 0.19 293.3 4.6 290.9 21.1 272.4 187.5 293.3 4.6
CPV-12-39-54 96 83.590 1.0 19.0189 10.5 0.3343 10.8 0.0461 2.5 0.23 290.6 7.1 292.8 27.4 310.7 239.3 290.6 7.1
CPV-12-39-55 340 151.003 0.7 19.1980 3.1 0.3372 3.2 0.0469 0.7 0.21 295.8 1.9 295.0 8.2 289.3 71.4 295.8 1.9
CPV-12-39-56 372 69.292 1.0 19.9945 3.8 0.2824 3.9 0.0410 0.6 0.15 258.7 1.5 252.6 8.6 195.7 88.7 258.7 1.5
CPV-12-39-57 271 102.801 2.1 19.3465 3.8 0.3095 3.9 0.0434 0.7 0.17 274.1 1.8 273.8 9.3 271.7 87.6 274.1 1.8
243
CPV-12-39-58 104 148.046 1.6 13.8268 0.8 1.6435 1.3 0.1648 1.0 0.78 983.5 8.9 987.1 7.9 995.1 15.9 995.1 15.9
244
U
Analysis Pb/ Pb U/Th
206 204
± ± ± error ± ± ± Best age (¥) ±
(ppm) 206
Pb/207Pb Pb/235U
207 206
Pb/238U Pb/238U (Ma)
206 207
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-39-59 191 65.469 1.1 19.4821 7.1 0.2868 7.2 0.0405 1.2 0.17 256.1 3.0 256.1 16.3 255.6 163.0 256.1 3.0
CPV-12-39-60 98 35.608 1.3 18.8356 9.1 0.3328 9.2 0.0455 1.4 0.15 286.6 4.0 291.7 23.3 332.7 206.2 286.6 4.0
CPV-12-39-61 145 54.182 0.8 19.6511 7.6 0.2898 7.7 0.0413 1.4 0.18 260.9 3.6 258.4 17.6 235.8 175.1 260.9 3.6
CPV-12-39-62 180 82.921 1.2 18.6619 5.8 0.3172 6.2 0.0429 2.2 0.35 271.0 5.7 279.8 15.1 353.6 131.2 271.0 5.7
CPV-12-39-63 90 54.947 0.8 21.5799 39.0 0.2474 39.0 0.0387 2.0 0.05 244.9 4.8 224.5 78.8 15.3 969.9 244.9 4.8
CPV-12-39-64 120 11.028 1.2 16.7292 10.9 0.4047 11.3 0.0491 3.0 0.27 309.0 9.1 345.1 33.0 595.4 236.0 309.0 9.1
CPV-12-39-65 627 273.579 1.1 19.3651 3.1 0.3000 3.2 0.0421 0.7 0.21 266.1 1.7 266.4 7.5 269.4 71.8 266.1 1.7
CPV-12-39-66 96 28.493 0.9 20.0201 13.7 0.2763 13.9 0.0401 2.2 0.16 253.6 5.5 247.7 30.6 192.7 320.3 253.6 5.5
CPV-12-39-67 32 7.940 1.1 20.0969 32.4 0.3026 33.0 0.0441 6.6 0.20 278.2 18.1 268.4 78.1 183.7 771.7 278.2 18.1
CPV-12-39-68 95 119.779 1.3 19.1467 6.3 0.3307 6.8 0.0459 2.5 0.37 289.5 7.2 290.1 17.2 295.4 144.4 289.5 7.2
CPV-12-39-69 149 106.445 0.9 19.5825 12.0 0.2990 12.2 0.0425 2.1 0.17 268.1 5.4 265.7 28.4 243.8 276.8 268.1 5.4
CPV-12-39-70 60 31.637 1.1 24.5677 28.4 0.2289 29.4 0.0408 7.4 0.25 257.7 18.6 209.3 55.6 -306.1 740.1 257.7 18.6
CPV-12-39-71 178 75.195 1.1 21.0992 7.4 0.2554 7.6 0.0391 1.6 0.22 247.2 4.0 231.0 15.7 69.2 177.1 247.2 4.0
CPV-12-39-72 489 259.513 0.9 19.3433 3.5 0.2852 3.7 0.0400 1.2 0.32 252.9 2.9 254.8 8.3 272.0 80.2 252.9 2.9
CPV-12-39-73 125 58.526 1.0 19.5813 5.2 0.3236 6.0 0.0460 2.9 0.49 289.6 8.2 284.6 14.9 243.9 120.6 289.6 8.2
CPV-12-39-74 130 62.703 1.3 19.1684 8.8 0.3358 8.9 0.0467 1.5 0.17 294.1 4.3 294.0 22.7 292.9 201.0 294.1 4.3
CPV-12-39-75 150 52.544 0.9 19.3475 10.0 0.3252 10.3 0.0456 2.7 0.26 287.7 7.7 285.9 25.7 271.5 228.7 287.7 7.7
CPV-12-39-76 222 175.653 12.0 17.7516 2.8 0.5985 3.0 0.0771 0.9 0.31 478.5 4.3 476.3 11.3 465.5 62.3 478.5 4.3
CPV-12-39-77 231 182.186 0.9 19.2369 4.1 0.2949 4.2 0.0411 0.9 0.22 259.9 2.4 262.4 9.8 284.7 94.7 259.9 2.4
CPV-12-39-78 176 80.535 1.3 19.7424 7.0 0.2950 7.2 0.0422 1.6 0.23 266.7 4.3 262.5 16.6 225.0 161.8 266.7 4.3
CPV-12-39-79 115 50.732 1.3 18.8645 12.7 0.3320 13.0 0.0454 2.6 0.20 286.4 7.2 291.1 32.8 329.2 289.5 286.4 7.2
CPV-12-39-80 67 35.899 1.6 18.4608 14.2 0.2986 14.9 0.0400 4.3 0.29 252.7 10.8 265.3 34.8 378.1 321.7 252.7 10.8
CPV-12-39-81 76 9.501 0.9 19.6007 15.1 0.2827 15.3 0.0402 2.2 0.14 254.0 5.4 252.8 34.2 241.7 350.1 254.0 5.4
CPV-12-39-82 70 13.844 0.9 18.3303 14.9 0.2957 15.0 0.0393 2.3 0.16 248.6 5.7 263.0 34.9 394.0 334.8 248.6 5.7
CPV-12-39-83 141 36.086 1.0 20.3971 7.5 0.2809 7.6 0.0416 1.5 0.19 262.5 3.8 251.4 17.0 149.1 175.6 262.5 3.8
CPV-12-39-84 134 33.747 1.4 18.3448 7.3 0.3547 7.5 0.0472 1.9 0.26 297.3 5.6 308.3 20.0 392.2 163.6 297.3 5.6
CPV-12-39-85 57 11.232 1.0 17.4328 21.9 0.3124 23.0 0.0395 7.2 0.31 249.8 17.7 276.1 55.8 505.5 486.9 249.8 17.7

U
Analysis 206
(ppm) Pb/207Pb
206
Pb/235U
207
Pb/238U
206 206
207
Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-39-86 91 30.312 1.2 19.5309 9.6 0.2847 9.9 0.0403 2.5 0.25 254.9 6.3 254.4 22.3 249.9 221.4 254.9 6.3
CPV-12-39-87 90 20.254 1.7 21.0382 14.8 0.3003 15.0 0.0458 2.3 0.15 288.9 6.5 266.7 35.2 76.0 353.8 288.9 6.5
CPV-12-39-88 122 36.750 0.9 19.6868 9.1 0.3113 9.3 0.0444 2.1 0.22 280.3 5.7 275.2 22.5 231.5 210.1 280.3 5.7
CPV-12-39-89 299 137.925 1.2 19.0766 3.9 0.2746 4.2 0.0380 1.3 0.32 240.4 3.1 246.4 9.1 303.8 90.0 240.4 3.1
CPV-12-39-90 146 10.786 1.1 18.3406 10.1 0.2934 10.3 0.0390 2.0 0.19 246.8 4.8 261.2 23.7 392.7 227.2 246.8 4.8
CPV-12-39-91 102 35.785 1.0 19.3364 10.1 0.2772 10.3 0.0389 2.1 0.20 245.9 5.0 248.4 22.7 272.9 231.2 245.9 5.0
CPV-12-39-92 419 106.841 2.2 19.0185 3.1 0.2944 3.2 0.0406 0.7 0.23 256.6 1.8 262.0 7.3 310.7 70.0 256.6 1.8
CPV-12-39-93 136 43.012 1.6 19.7983 13.7 0.3183 13.9 0.0457 2.5 0.18 288.1 7.0 280.6 34.2 218.5 318.6 288.1 7.0
CPV-12-39-94 128 57.445 0.8 19.2675 5.5 0.3384 5.7 0.0473 1.6 0.27 297.9 4.5 296.0 14.7 281.1 125.8 297.9 4.5
CPV-12-39-95 103 28.925 1.3 20.9628 14.1 0.2499 14.2 0.0380 1.9 0.13 240.4 4.5 226.5 28.8 84.6 335.2 240.4 4.5
CPV-12-39-96 67 25.294 0.5 19.8117 16.4 0.3304 16.7 0.0475 2.6 0.16 299.0 7.7 289.9 42.0 217.0 382.9 299.0 7.7
CPV-12-39-97 140 34.586 0.9 19.6466 5.4 0.3156 5.8 0.0450 2.1 0.37 283.5 5.9 278.5 14.0 236.3 123.6 283.5 5.9
CPV-12-39-98 145 15.034 1.4 17.0663 13.6 0.3625 13.7 0.0449 1.4 0.10 282.9 3.9 314.1 37.0 552.1 298.3 282.9 3.9
CPV-12-39-99 278 145.971 1.1 19.4119 2.8 0.3359 2.9 0.0473 0.8 0.27 297.9 2.3 294.1 7.5 263.9 64.7 297.9 2.3
CPV-12-39-100 80 23.858 1.1 19.3228 17.1 0.3059 17.9 0.0429 5.4 0.30 270.6 14.2 271.0 42.7 274.5 394.7 270.6 14.2
(¥) The best age considered these 206Pb/207Pb values for zircons older than 1 Ga and 206Pb/238U ages values for zircons younger than 1 Ga (Nemchin and Cawood, 2005).
doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.07.011.
245
SAMPLE CPV-12-50.
246
U
Analysis 206
(ppm) 206
Pb/207Pb 207
Pb/235U 206
Pb/238U 206
Pb/238U Pb/235U
207
Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-50-1 289 302.703 1.2 19.6386 4.8 0.3223 5.0 0.0459 1.3 0.25 289.3 3.6 283.7 12.4 237.2 111.5 289.3 3.6
CPV-12-50-2 100 38.998 1.1 19.3924 13.2 0.3335 13.3 0.0469 1.7 0.13 295.5 4.9 292.2 33.7 266.2 303.1 295.5 4.9
CPV-12-50-3 73 21.680 1.7 17.5495 15.7 0.3656 15.9 0.0465 2.5 0.16 293.2 7.2 316.4 43.3 490.8 348.3 293.2 7.2
CPV-12-50-4 455 163.433 1.3 19.2452 2.9 0.3392 2.9 0.0473 0.4 0.14 298.2 1.2 296.6 7.5 283.7 66.1 298.2 1.2
CPV-12-50-5 189 72.097 1.2 18.7419 5.1 0.3500 5.2 0.0476 1.1 0.21 299.6 3.2 304.7 13.8 344.0 115.6 299.6 3.2
CPV-12-50-6 182 94.813 0.9 19.8509 5.5 0.3267 5.6 0.0470 1.3 0.23 296.3 3.7 287.1 14.0 212.3 126.6 296.3 3.7
CPV-12-50-7 257 63.063 1.5 18.9671 3.1 0.3843 3.2 0.0529 0.6 0.18 332.1 1.9 330.2 9.0 316.9 71.1 332.1 1.9
CPV-12-50-8 423 210.344 1.2 19.1885 1.4 0.3499 2.0 0.0487 1.4 0.71 306.5 4.2 304.6 5.2 290.4 31.8 306.5 4.2
CPV-12-50-9 169 95.646 1.0 19.4740 8.3 0.3337 8.4 0.0471 1.3 0.16 296.9 3.9 292.4 21.3 256.6 190.5 296.9 3.9
CPV-12-50-10 275 114.451 1.0 19.6308 2.5 0.3200 2.6 0.0456 0.5 0.19 287.2 1.4 281.9 6.3 238.1 57.9 287.2 1.4
CPV-12-50-11 70 31.278 1.3 20.3436 17.1 0.3217 17.7 0.0475 4.7 0.27 299.0 13.8 283.2 43.8 155.3 402.2 299.0 13.8
CPV-12-50-12 308 84.149 1.2 19.0292 3.8 0.3402 3.9 0.0469 0.8 0.20 295.8 2.2 297.3 10.0 309.4 86.3 295.8 2.2
CPV-12-50-13 179 76.050 0.4 19.9790 9.7 0.2731 10.1 0.0396 2.5 0.25 250.2 6.2 245.2 21.9 197.4 226.5 250.2 6.2
CPV-12-50-14 187 43.723 3.2 19.8459 10.0 0.2859 10.1 0.0411 1.3 0.13 260.0 3.4 255.3 22.8 212.9 232.0 260.0 3.4
CPV-12-50-15 144 46.389 1.2 18.9485 8.0 0.3795 8.1 0.0521 1.2 0.15 327.7 3.8 326.6 22.7 319.1 182.7 327.7 3.8
CPV-12-50-16 72 35.906 1.0 22.9102 13.0 0.2704 13.5 0.0449 3.5 0.26 283.3 9.8 243.0 29.1 -130.5 322.7 283.3 9.8
CPV-12-50-17 192 7.000 1.0 14.8476 23.9 0.4346 24.5 0.0468 5.3 0.22 294.8 15.4 366.4 75.5 848.6 504.3 294.8 15.4
CPV-12-50-18 188 50.303 1.4 19.4141 4.4 0.2902 4.6 0.0409 1.1 0.24 258.2 2.8 258.7 10.5 263.7 102.0 258.2 2.8
CPV-12-50-19 105 45.011 1.2 18.7614 11.4 0.3426 11.5 0.0466 1.5 0.13 293.7 4.3 299.2 29.9 341.6 259.4 293.7 4.3
CPV-12-50-20 197 70.433 1.3 19.3585 3.6 0.3278 3.7 0.0460 1.1 0.28 290.1 3.0 287.9 9.3 270.2 81.9 290.1 3.0
CPV-12-50-21 161 46.968 0.8 20.0792 9.8 0.3156 9.9 0.0460 1.4 0.14 289.6 3.9 278.5 24.2 185.8 229.6 289.6 3.9
CPV-12-50-22 217 97.736 1.8 19.6877 4.5 0.3274 4.7 0.0468 1.3 0.28 294.6 3.8 287.6 11.7 231.4 103.2 294.6 3.8
CPV-12-50-24 596 297.147 1.0 18.9857 2.1 0.3421 2.2 0.0471 0.6 0.28 296.7 1.8 298.8 5.7 314.7 47.7 296.7 1.8
CPV-12-50-25 109 29.948 1.3 19.1276 9.5 0.3287 9.7 0.0456 2.2 0.22 287.5 6.1 288.6 24.4 297.7 216.5 287.5 6.1
CPV-12-50-26 549 196.999 0.9 19.0304 1.9 0.3387 1.9 0.0467 0.4 0.21 294.5 1.2 296.1 4.9 309.3 42.2 294.5 1.2
CPV-12-50-27 110 53.572 1.3 18.3425 13.0 0.3447 13.2 0.0459 2.3 0.18 289.1 6.6 300.8 34.3 392.5 292.1 289.1 6.6
CPV-12-50-28 197 38.065 1.4 18.7774 4.6 0.3437 4.8 0.0468 1.3 0.27 294.9 3.8 300.0 12.5 339.7 104.7 294.9 3.8

U
206
± ± ± error ± ± ± Best age (¥) ±
(ppm) Pb/207Pb
206 207
Pb/235U 206
Pb/238U 206
Pb/238U (Ma) 207
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-50-29 159 45.964 0.4 19.8373 4.9 0.2721 5.3 0.0391 2.0 0.38 247.5 4.8 244.3 11.4 214.0 112.8 247.5 4.8
CPV-12-50-30 137 52.102 1.0 18.7246 6.1 0.3476 7.0 0.0472 3.4 0.49 297.4 9.9 303.0 18.2 346.1 137.2 297.4 9.9
CPV-12-50-31 138 42.850 0.8 19.7135 7.9 0.3264 8.1 0.0467 2.0 0.24 294.0 5.7 286.8 20.4 228.5 182.8 294.0 5.7
CPV-12-50-32 202 69.708 0.9 19.2558 9.9 0.3399 10.4 0.0475 3.1 0.30 299.0 9.0 297.1 26.7 282.5 226.9 299.0 9.0
CPV-12-50-33 207 136.516 1.5 18.9840 5.1 0.3802 5.2 0.0523 1.0 0.19 328.9 3.2 327.2 14.6 314.9 116.9 328.9 3.2
CPV-12-50-34 194 64.613 1.0 8.8786 0.2 5.1354 0.5 0.3307 0.5 0.91 1,841.7 7.2 1,842.0 4.2 1,842.3 3.7 1,842.3 3.7
CPV-12-50-35 264 165.551 1.2 18.5465 5.1 0.3484 5.3 0.0469 1.4 0.26 295.2 4.1 303.5 14.0 367.6 115.8 295.2 4.1
CPV-12-50-36 119 43.854 2.0 19.6606 9.6 0.3663 9.7 0.0522 1.5 0.15 328.2 4.7 316.9 26.3 234.7 221.1 328.2 4.7
CPV-12-50-37 128 39.237 1.0 20.2228 10.1 0.2807 10.2 0.0412 1.6 0.15 260.0 4.0 251.2 22.7 169.2 235.5 260.0 4.0
CPV-12-50-38 262 183.426 3.0 19.0997 5.2 0.3846 5.3 0.0533 0.4 0.08 334.6 1.3 330.4 14.8 301.0 119.7 334.6 1.3
CPV-12-50-39 147 40.014 0.8 20.5389 7.5 0.2705 7.6 0.0403 1.6 0.21 254.6 4.0 243.1 16.5 132.9 175.4 254.6 4.0
CPV-12-50-40 174 75.428 1.8 19.9136 7.1 0.3299 7.2 0.0476 1.3 0.19 300.0 3.9 289.5 18.2 205.0 164.7 300.0 3.9
CPV-12-50-41 38 17.144 1.2 29.2476 47.7 0.2293 48.4 0.0486 8.0 0.17 306.2 24.1 209.6 92.0 -774.1 1,414.6 306.2 24.1
CPV-12-50-42 318 256.178 1.3 19.2422 3.5 0.3381 3.6 0.0472 0.8 0.22 297.2 2.3 295.7 9.3 284.1 80.6 297.2 2.3
CPV-12-50-43 220 291.794 1.0 20.4517 3.2 0.3172 3.4 0.0470 1.0 0.28 296.4 2.8 279.7 8.3 142.8 76.1 296.4 2.8
CPV-12-50-44 83 44.864 2.0 19.1884 11.7 0.3798 11.8 0.0529 1.3 0.11 332.1 4.3 326.9 33.0 290.4 269.0 332.1 4.3
CPV-12-50-45 155 36.712 0.8 18.8717 6.5 0.2904 6.8 0.0398 1.8 0.26 251.3 4.4 258.9 15.5 328.4 148.3 251.3 4.4
CPV-12-50-46 204 123.383 0.8 19.1157 4.7 0.3304 4.9 0.0458 1.2 0.25 288.7 3.4 289.8 12.2 299.1 107.3 288.7 3.4
CPV-12-50-47 56 35.154 1.9 21.8688 13.7 0.3352 14.3 0.0532 3.8 0.27 333.9 12.4 293.5 36.4 -16.7 333.5 333.9 12.4
CPV-12-50-48 243 73.243 0.5 18.8867 5.7 0.2865 5.9 0.0392 1.7 0.29 248.2 4.1 255.8 13.3 326.5 128.4 248.2 4.1
CPV-12-50-49 416 94.623 0.9 18.6932 2.3 0.3499 2.3 0.0474 0.6 0.24 298.8 1.6 304.6 6.2 349.9 51.6 298.8 1.6
CPV-12-50-50 177 61.639 0.9 19.7526 6.6 0.3224 6.7 0.0462 1.1 0.16 291.1 3.0 283.7 16.5 223.8 152.5 291.1 3.0
CPV-12-50-51 185 28.642 0.9 19.3998 6.8 0.2810 6.9 0.0395 1.2 0.17 250.0 2.9 251.4 15.4 265.4 156.0 250.0 2.9
CPV-12-50-52 210 115.548 0.7 18.4094 6.7 0.3529 6.7 0.0471 0.6 0.10 296.8 1.9 306.9 17.8 384.3 150.1 296.8 1.9
CPV-12-50-53 96 2.428 0.9 16.5841 14.9 0.4151 15.7 0.0499 4.9 0.31 314.1 15.0 352.5 46.7 614.3 322.8 314.1 15.0
CPV-12-50-54 267 100.277 1.0 19.3360 3.9 0.2880 4.2 0.0404 1.4 0.34 255.2 3.5 257.0 9.4 272.9 89.6 255.2 3.5
247
CPV-12-50-55 141 38.776 0.7 17.9441 7.2 0.3620 7.4 0.0471 1.7 0.23 296.7 4.8 313.7 20.0 441.6 160.7 296.7 4.8
248

U
Analysis 206
(ppm)
Pb/207Pb
206 207
Pb/235U 206
Pb/238U 206
207
Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-50-56 112 41.805 1.2 20.4986 7.9 0.3130 8.1 0.0465 1.4 0.18 293.2 4.1 276.5 19.5 137.5 186.7 293.2 4.1
CPV-12-50-57 103 45.428 1.0 18.1449 10.9 0.3638 11.2 0.0479 2.6 0.23 301.5 7.6 315.0 30.4 416.7 244.2 301.5 7.6
CPV-12-50-58 298 196.585 1.2 19.2794 3.7 0.3366 3.8 0.0471 0.9 0.24 296.5 2.6 294.6 9.7 279.7 84.5 296.5 2.6
CPV-12-50-59 413 213.856 1.3 18.8258 2.1 0.3420 2.2 0.0467 0.8 0.36 294.2 2.3 298.7 5.7 333.9 46.7 294.2 2.3
CPV-12-50-60 121 61.281 1.2 19.2291 7.2 0.3371 7.5 0.0470 1.8 0.24 296.1 5.3 295.0 19.1 285.6 165.5 296.1 5.3
CPV-12-50-62 134 20.178 0.7 19.5769 9.8 0.2813 10.4 0.0399 3.5 0.33 252.5 8.6 251.7 23.2 244.5 226.8 252.5 8.6
CPV-12-50-63 489 116.911 1.2 18.6864 2.0 0.3508 2.1 0.0475 0.6 0.30 299.4 1.9 305.3 5.6 350.7 46.2 299.4 1.9
CPV-12-50-64 399 18.427 0.7 17.8026 4.2 0.4191 4.4 0.0541 1.4 0.32 339.7 4.6 355.4 13.1 459.2 92.1 339.7 4.6
CPV-12-50-65 182 92.430 1.1 19.9394 8.6 0.3239 8.8 0.0468 1.8 0.21 295.1 5.3 284.9 21.9 202.0 200.4 295.1 5.3
CPV-12-50-66 197 47.464 0.4 19.8532 7.5 0.2718 7.6 0.0391 1.0 0.13 247.4 2.3 244.1 16.4 212.1 174.4 247.4 2.3
CPV-12-50-67 476 143.415 1.4 19.9133 2.6 0.3012 2.6 0.0435 0.6 0.23 274.5 1.6 267.3 6.2 205.1 59.8 274.5 1.6
CPV-12-50-68 94 26.547 1.5 18.4637 13.1 0.3382 13.2 0.0453 1.5 0.11 285.6 4.1 295.8 33.8 377.7 295.1 285.6 4.1
CPV-12-50-69 175 78.921 1.1 19.4356 10.7 0.2912 11.1 0.0411 2.9 0.26 259.3 7.3 259.5 25.4 261.1 247.1 259.3 7.3
CPV-12-50-70 145 60.674 1.4 19.4652 7.7 0.3358 7.8 0.0474 1.5 0.19 298.6 4.3 294.0 20.0 257.6 176.8 298.6 4.3
CPV-12-50-71 347 168.283 1.5 19.5522 3.6 0.3326 3.7 0.0472 1.0 0.27 297.1 3.0 291.5 9.4 247.4 82.6 297.1 3.0
CPV-12-50-72 111 64.884 1.6 18.8496 11.1 0.3425 11.4 0.0468 2.7 0.23 295.0 7.7 299.1 29.6 331.0 252.7 295.0 7.7
CPV-12-50-73 304 107.486 2.6 19.1123 4.6 0.3417 4.8 0.0474 1.0 0.22 298.3 3.0 298.4 12.3 299.5 105.9 298.3 3.0
CPV-12-50-74 364 159.878 1.1 19.1321 2.6 0.3416 2.8 0.0474 1.1 0.38 298.6 3.1 298.4 7.2 297.2 58.9 298.6 3.1
CPV-12-50-75 254 71.423 1.1 18.4014 5.7 0.3561 5.7 0.0475 0.9 0.16 299.3 2.7 309.3 15.3 385.3 127.1 299.3 2.7
CPV-12-50-76 559 27.738 1.4 18.6648 2.2 0.3486 2.4 0.0472 0.7 0.30 297.2 2.1 303.7 6.2 353.3 50.8 297.2 2.1
CPV-12-50-77 527 104.966 1.4 19.0760 2.5 0.3493 3.7 0.0483 2.7 0.73 304.2 7.9 304.2 9.6 303.9 57.4 304.2 7.9
CPV-12-50-78 240 95.083 1.0 18.6926 4.9 0.3474 5.0 0.0471 1.3 0.26 296.7 3.8 302.8 13.2 350.0 109.8 296.7 3.8
CPV-12-50-79 368 193.921 1.7 18.4835 2.7 0.3509 2.9 0.0470 0.9 0.31 296.4 2.6 305.4 7.6 375.3 61.3 296.4 2.6
CPV-12-50-80 132 11.134 0.8 17.0387 13.7 0.3802 14.5 0.0470 4.7 0.32 296.0 13.5 327.2 40.5 555.6 300.0 296.0 13.5
CPV-12-50-81 86 65.005 1.2 18.7449 9.2 0.3388 9.3 0.0461 1.7 0.18 290.3 4.8 296.3 24.0 343.6 208.0 290.3 4.8
CPV-12-50-82 282 77.741 1.1 19.1390 3.0 0.3814 3.2 0.0529 0.8 0.27 332.5 2.7 328.0 8.8 296.3 69.3 332.5 2.7
CPV-12-50-83 543 139.221 1.7 18.7033 1.9 0.3467 2.1 0.0470 0.8 0.38 296.3 2.3 302.2 5.4 348.7 43.2 296.3 2.3

U
Analysis 206
(ppm) 206
Pb/207Pb Pb/235U
207
Pb/238U
206 206
Pb/238U (Ma) 207
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-50-84 278 59.076 1.3 19.0516 5.2 0.3702 5.4 0.0511 1.4 0.26 321.6 4.4 319.8 14.9 306.8 119.2 321.6 4.4
CPV-12-50-85 119 48.549 1.0 18.2283 6.1 0.3421 6.5 0.0452 2.2 0.34 285.1 6.1 298.7 16.8 406.5 136.6 285.1 6.1
CPV-12-50-86 105 36.618 2.0 19.0267 8.9 0.3850 9.1 0.0531 2.0 0.22 333.7 6.5 330.7 25.7 309.7 202.9 333.7 6.5
CPV-12-50-87 412 203.582 1.1 18.8392 2.4 0.3795 2.5 0.0519 0.7 0.28 325.9 2.2 326.7 7.0 332.2 54.6 325.9 2.2
CPV-12-50-88 58 9.704 1.4 16.4875 18.1 0.4430 18.5 0.0530 3.8 0.21 332.8 12.5 372.4 57.7 626.9 393.1 332.8 12.5
CPV-12-50-89 78 32.241 0.9 18.3324 13.6 0.3591 13.8 0.0477 2.4 0.17 300.7 7.0 311.6 37.1 393.7 307.0 300.7 7.0
CPV-12-50-90 256 152.937 1.2 20.0924 3.5 0.3237 3.6 0.0472 0.8 0.21 297.2 2.2 284.8 9.0 184.2 82.2 297.2 2.2
CPV-12-50-91 157 46.203 1.7 18.6519 9.9 0.3662 10.2 0.0495 2.5 0.25 311.7 7.7 316.8 27.7 354.9 223.0 311.7 7.7
CPV-12-50-92 114 24.727 0.9 20.6088 11.9 0.2650 12.0 0.0396 1.8 0.15 250.4 4.4 238.7 25.5 124.8 280.2 250.4 4.4
CPV-12-50-93 402 111.690 1.1 18.7564 1.5 0.3470 1.8 0.0472 0.9 0.50 297.4 2.6 302.5 4.6 342.2 34.7 297.4 2.6
CPV-12-50-94 386 220.083 1.1 18.7431 1.8 0.3935 1.8 0.0535 0.4 0.23 335.9 1.4 336.9 5.3 343.8 40.5 335.9 1.4
CPV-12-50-95 110 41.658 1.3 19.8848 10.2 0.2782 10.6 0.0401 2.7 0.26 253.6 6.8 249.3 23.4 208.4 237.8 253.6 6.8
CPV-12-50-96 493 153.475 0.6 19.3961 2.3 0.2911 2.7 0.0410 1.5 0.55 258.7 3.8 259.4 6.3 265.8 52.6 258.7 3.8
CPV-12-50-97 214 13.976 1.0 18.3804 5.8 0.3449 5.9 0.0460 1.2 0.19 289.8 3.3 300.9 15.5 387.9 131.1 289.8 3.3
CPV-12-50-98 253 101.076 1.6 18.6589 4.1 0.3490 4.3 0.0472 1.4 0.32 297.5 4.0 304.0 11.4 354.0 93.0 297.5 4.0
CPV-12-50-99 141 39.290 1.0 18.9235 9.5 0.3978 11.6 0.0546 6.7 0.58 342.7 22.4 340.1 33.5 322.1 215.6 342.7 22.4
CPV-12-50-100 175 32.406 1.0 19.3621 5.7 0.2927 5.8 0.0411 1.4 0.23 259.7 3.5 260.7 13.4 269.8 130.4 259.7 3.5
(¥) The best age considered these 206Pb/207Pb values for zircons older than 1 Ga and 206Pb/238U ages values for zircons younger than 1 Ga (Nemchin and Cawood, 2005).
Nemchin, A.A; Cawood, P.A. 2005. Discordance of the U-Pb system in detrital zircons: Implication for provenance studies of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary Geology 182 (1-4): 143-162.
doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.07.011.
249
250
SAMPLE CPV-12-88X.

U
Analysis 206
(ppm) 206
Pb207Pb b/235U
207P
Pb/238U
206 206
Pb/238U 207
Pb/235U Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-88X-84 143 124.223 0.7 18.9045 9.3 0.2823 9.5 0.0387 2.3 0.24 244.8 5.5 252.4 21.3 324.4 210.8 244.8 5.5
CPV-12-88X-52 106 53.805 0.7 18.2817 24.1 0.3067 24.8 0.0407 6.2 0.25 257.0 15.5 271.6 59.2 399.9 546.0 257.0 15.5
CPV-12-88X-69 101 97.743 0.8 29.9425 30.1 0.1942 30.5 0.0422 5.0 0.16 266.3 13.0 180.2 50.5 -840.9 878.4 266.3 13.0
CPV-12-88X-70 65 172.744 0.7 21.7653 30.6 0.2674 31.1 0.0422 5.7 0.18 266.5 14.8 240.6 66.8 -5.3 754.1 266.5 14.8
CPV-12-88X-3 89 112.061 0.8 18.3461 22.6 0.3172 23.1 0.0422 4.6 0.20 266.5 12.1 279.8 56.5 392.1 513.5 266.5 12.1
CPV-12-88X-88 117 63.904 0.9 19.9510 15.2 0.2933 15.5 0.0424 3.5 0.22 267.9 9.1 261.1 35.8 200.7 353.6 267.9 9.1
CPV-12-88X-40 574 754.061 3.0 19.4745 2.4 0.3007 2.6 0.0425 1.1 0.40 268.1 2.8 266.9 6.2 256.5 55.4 268.1 2.8
CPV-12-88X-51 256 182.547 1.2 18.4624 4.3 0.3202 4.8 0.0429 2.1 0.43 270.7 5.5 282.1 11.8 377.9 97.5 270.7 5.5
CPV-12-88X-33 200 305.136 1.1 18.9005 5.9 0.3173 6.2 0.0435 2.1 0.34 274.5 5.6 279.8 15.3 324.9 133.4 274.5 5.6
CPV-12-88X-39 206 167.655 1.1 17.3940 8.3 0.3465 10.6 0.0437 6.6 0.62 275.8 17.8 302.1 27.7 510.4 182.7 275.8 17.8
CPV-12-88X-48 177 149.057 0.9 18.1839 6.9 0.3315 7.1 0.0437 1.4 0.20 275.9 3.8 290.7 17.9 411.9 155.0 275.9 3.8
CPV-12-88X-11 114 87.345 1.0 17.5675 18.7 0.3442 20.4 0.0439 8.1 0.40 276.7 21.9 300.4 53.1 488.6 416.5 276.7 21.9
CPV-12-88X-95 92 91.551 0.8 23.7641 37.3 0.2552 37.6 0.0440 5.2 0.14 277.5 14.1 230.8 77.9 -221.7 966.8 277.5 14.1
CPV-12-88X-59 96 104.484 1.1 15.6358 12.0 0.3894 13.1 0.0442 5.2 0.40 278.6 14.1 333.9 37.3 740.2 255.1 278.6 14.1
CPV-12-88X-81 104 134.671 1.0 21.2366 17.7 0.2867 17.8 0.0442 2.2 0.12 278.6 5.9 256.0 40.3 53.7 424.2 278.6 5.9
CPV-12-88X-60 336 400.617 0.7 19.2923 4.3 0.3163 5.4 0.0443 3.1 0.59 279.2 8.6 279.1 13.1 278.1 99.4 279.2 8.6
CPV-12-88X-38 148 160.263 1.2 19.3125 11.6 0.3168 11.7 0.0444 2.0 0.17 279.9 5.5 279.4 28.7 275.7 265.8 279.9 5.5
CPV-12-88X-37 123 124.889 0.8 20.9371 15.5 0.2926 15.8 0.0444 3.0 0.19 280.2 8.2 260.6 36.3 87.5 369.1 280.2 8.2
CPV-12-88X-87 257 364.531 0.7 19.4596 7.5 0.3156 7.6 0.0445 1.3 0.17 280.9 3.6 278.5 18.6 258.3 172.8 280.9 3.6
CPV-12-88X-36 313 134.301 1.0 19.2665 8.2 0.3205 8.3 0.0448 1.2 0.14 282.4 3.3 282.3 20.4 281.2 187.3 282.4 3.3
CPV-12-88X-44 75 92.332 1.0 20.3069 22.5 0.3056 22.8 0.0450 4.0 0.17 283.8 11.1 270.8 54.3 159.5 531.7 283.8 11.1
CPV-12-88X-21 217 229.020 1.2 17.8283 6.6 0.3495 7.0 0.0452 2.3 0.32 284.9 6.3 304.3 18.3 455.9 146.6 284.9 6.3
CPV-12-88X-86 81 107.620 1.3 18.2948 24.6 0.3413 25.3 0.0453 6.2 0.24 285.5 17.2 298.2 65.6 398.3 558.5 285.5 17.2
CPV-12-88X-46 355 415.937 0.9 18.4295 4.6 0.3389 4.7 0.0453 1.1 0.23 285.6 3.1 296.3 12.1 381.9 103.2 285.6 3.1
CPV-12-88X-15 182 135.192 1.1 20.7001 5.6 0.3021 7.4 0.0454 4.8 0.65 285.9 13.4 268.0 17.3 114.4 131.7 285.9 13.4
CPV-12-88X-1 101 96.890 1.6 19.0145 22.6 0.3297 22.9 0.0455 3.4 0.15 286.7 9.7 289.4 57.7 311.2 520.8 286.7 9.7
CPV-12-88X-56 153 162.051 1.1 19.4861 10.6 0.3219 11.0 0.0455 2.9 0.26 286.8 8.1 283.4 27.2 255.2 244.1 286.8 8.1

U
Analysis 206
(ppm) 206
Pb/207Pb Pb/235U
207 206
Pb/238U (%) 206
Pb/238U (Ma) 207
Pb/235U Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-88X-64 115 79.113 1.0 23.1067 19.7 0.2717 20.2 0.0455 4.2 0.21 287.0 11.7 244.0 43.8 -151.6 493.5 287.0 11.7
CPV-12-88X-26 80 63.192 1.2 18.3073 14.7 0.3433 15.0 0.0456 2.9 0.19 287.3 8.2 299.6 39.0 396.8 331.6 287.3 8.2
CPV-12-88X-50 141 187.886 0.9 19.9113 10.8 0.3158 10.9 0.0456 1.8 0.16 287.5 5.0 278.7 26.7 205.3 251.0 287.5 5.0
CPV-12-88X-28 89 135.912 1.1 17.3838 12.6 0.3628 13.5 0.0457 4.8 0.36 288.3 13.5 314.3 36.4 511.7 277.7 288.3 13.5
CPV-12-88X-24 113 139.985 0.8 23.4412 28.8 0.2692 29.5 0.0458 6.4 0.22 288.5 18.0 242.1 63.7 -187.4 733.2 288.5 18.0
CPV-12-88X-22 164 146.433 1.6 17.8479 8.9 0.3537 10.6 0.0458 5.8 0.54 288.6 16.3 307.5 28.2 453.5 198.1 288.6 16.3
CPV-12-88X-16 199 238.122 1.6 19.7414 10.3 0.3205 10.7 0.0459 2.8 0.26 289.2 8.0 282.3 26.4 225.2 239.2 289.2 8.0
CPV-12-88X-8 199 141.079 0.9 20.0726 9.7 0.3160 9.8 0.0460 1.1 0.11 290.0 3.2 278.8 23.9 186.5 227.0 290.0 3.2
CPV-12-88X-32 96 111.634 1.2 19.1306 14.3 0.3322 14.7 0.0461 3.3 0.22 290.5 9.3 291.3 37.3 297.3 328.7 290.5 9.3
CPV-12-88X-76 375 392.818 1.6 18.7507 3.9 0.3390 4.1 0.0461 1.3 0.32 290.5 3.7 296.4 10.5 342.9 87.7 290.5 3.7
CPV-12-88X-96 139 113.008 1.0 20.3967 15.8 0.3119 16.5 0.0461 4.7 0.28 290.8 13.3 275.6 39.9 149.1 373.2 290.8 13.3
CPV-12-88X-54 234 208.496 2.1 18.5745 6.1 0.3425 6.3 0.0461 1.6 0.26 290.8 4.6 299.1 16.4 364.2 137.8 290.8 4.6
CPV-12-88X-75 44 31.119 1.5 8.3462 213.1 0.7630 213.3 0.0462 8.7 0.04 291.1 24.7 575.8 1.633.4 1.953.5 233.2 291.1 24.7
CPV-12-88X-67 298 338.255 0.9 20.2371 8.4 0.3150 8.5 0.0462 1.3 0.16 291.3 3.8 278.0 20.7 167.5 196.7 291.3 3.8
CPV-12-88X-89 167 181.872 1.0 20.0577 11.6 0.3179 11.7 0.0462 1.5 0.13 291.4 4.4 280.3 28.5 188.3 269.6 291.4 4.4
CPV-12-88X-82 626 320.607 1.3 18.8456 2.1 0.3394 2.7 0.0464 1.8 0.66 292.3 5.1 296.7 7.0 331.5 46.6 292.3 5.1
CPV-12-88X-19 184 289.530 1.6 19.7412 9.8 0.3249 10.0 0.0465 2.2 0.22 293.1 6.4 285.7 25.0 225.2 226.2 293.1 6.4
CPV-12-88X-68 112 132.064 1.7 23.1860 15.1 0.2772 15.5 0.0466 3.2 0.21 293.7 9.2 248.4 34.1 -160.1 378.1 293.7 9.2
CPV-12-88X-30 39 30.699 1.2 23.3031 33.9 0.2766 35.0 0.0468 8.9 0.25 294.6 25.5 248.0 77.2 -172.7 865.2 294.6 25.5
CPV-12-88X-53 316 501.226 1.6 19.1623 7.8 0.3366 8.1 0.0468 2.2 0.27 294.7 6.3 294.6 20.6 293.6 177.2 294.7 6.3
CPV-12-88X-62 61 110.663 0.9 18.0587 35.1 0.3589 35.9 0.0470 7.6 0.21 296.1 22.0 311.4 96.6 427.4 805.5 296.1 22.0
CPV-12-88X-29 151 117.378 1.1 19.0650 17.3 0.3401 17.5 0.0470 2.6 0.15 296.3 7.6 297.3 45.1 305.2 396.9 296.3 7.6
CPV-12-88X-55 47 37.832 0.9 15.8262 41.7 0.4110 42.4 0.0472 8.0 0.19 297.1 23.3 349.6 126.2 714.5 924.5 297.1 23.3
CPV-12-88X-7 97 69.250 1.1 18.8874 28.7 0.3450 28.7 0.0473 2.1 0.07 297.7 6.1 301.0 75.0 326.4 662.7 297.7 6.1
CPV-12-88X-35 128 204.359 1.2 20.6563 13.6 0.3156 13.7 0.0473 1.7 0.12 297.8 5.0 278.5 33.4 119.4 321.4 297.8 5.0
CPV-12-88X-6 97 127.115 1.6 22.0365 21.1 0.2960 21.5 0.0473 4.2 0.20 298.0 12.4 263.3 49.9 -35.2 516.1 298.0 12.4
251
CPV-12-88X-13 309 472.139 1.4 18.7741 6.3 0.3489 6.4 0.0475 1.4 0.22 299.2 4.1 303.9 16.9 340.1 142.2 299.2 4.1
252

U
Analysis 206
(ppm)
206
Pb/207Pb 207
Pb/235U 206
Pb/238U (%) Pb/238U (Ma)
206
Pb/235U
207
Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-88X-77 74 41.712 1.4 17.0906 12.6 0.3835 13.4 0.0475 4.6 0.34 299.4 13.5 329.6 37.8 549.0 276.0 299.4 13.5
CPV-12-88X-90 177 107.674 1.6 21.1280 17.6 0.3104 17.8 0.0476 2.5 0.14 299.5 7.4 274.5 42.8 65.9 421.6 299.5 7.4
CPV-12-88X-25 105 92.436 1.4 21.1730 12.9 0.3102 13.7 0.0476 4.6 0.33 299.9 13.5 274.3 33.0 60.9 309.4 299.9 13.5
CPV-12-88X-61 56 51.266 1.1 34.5563 96.8 0.1902 96.9 0.0477 5.3 0.05 300.2 15.6 176.8 158.5 NA NA 300.2 15.6
CPV-12-88X-78 66 67.048 1.2 19.0514 34.2 0.3454 35.1 0.0477 7.6 0.22 300.5 22.3 301.2 91.7 306.8 801.5 300.5 22.3
CPV-12-88X-34 95 239.104 1.9 18.9603 10.6 0.3472 10.9 0.0477 2.7 0.24 300.6 7.8 302.6 28.6 317.7 241.5 300.6 7.8
CPV-12-88X-2 171 232.923 1.1 18.1309 6.5 0.3633 7.8 0.0478 4.2 0.55 300.8 12.5 314.6 21.0 418.5 145.0 300.8 12.5
CPV-12-88X-23 194 282.108 0.9 19.1154 8.3 0.3449 8.6 0.0478 2.2 0.26 301.1 6.4 300.8 22.3 299.1 189.4 301.1 6.4
CPV-12-88X-9 378 391.046 1.1 17.9909 3.8 0.3665 4.0 0.0478 1.1 0.27 301.1 3.2 317.0 10.9 435.8 85.4 301.1 3.2
CPV-12-88X-49 120 110.672 1.6 19.7510 23.0 0.3338 23.3 0.0478 3.8 0.16 301.1 11.2 292.5 59.4 224.0 538.9 301.1 11.2
CPV-12-88X-17 216 120.398 0.8 19.5594 12.0 0.3376 12.3 0.0479 2.8 0.23 301.5 8.3 295.3 31.6 246.5 276.7 301.5 8.3
CPV-12-88X-79 141 158.465 1.7 21.7394 14.2 0.3043 15.8 0.0480 7.0 0.44 302.1 20.6 269.7 37.4 -2.4 343.0 302.1 20.6
CPV-12-88X-80 85 86.095 1.2 21.6646 27.4 0.3055 27.7 0.0480 4.1 0.15 302.2 12.0 270.7 66.0 5.9 671.2 302.2 12.0
CPV-12-88X-20 83 731.970 0.9 15.6635 12.1 0.4231 12.5 0.0481 3.3 0.26 302.7 9.7 358.3 37.8 736.4 256.3 302.7 9.7
CPV-12-88X-14 174 131.128 1.4 19.4683 11.4 0.3405 11.5 0.0481 1.6 0.14 302.7 4.8 297.5 29.7 257.3 263.0 302.7 4.8
CPV-12-88X-4 121 110.320 1.1 19.8550 16.7 0.3357 17.2 0.0483 4.1 0.24 304.3 12.2 293.9 44.0 211.9 390.1 304.3 12.2
CPV-12-88X-99 267 188.964 0.8 19.2635 11.0 0.3476 11.2 0.0486 2.2 0.20 305.7 6.7 302.9 29.3 281.5 251.8 305.7 6.7
CPV-12-88X-47 202 172.005 2.3 18.5341 8.8 0.3622 8.9 0.0487 0.9 0.10 306.4 2.6 313.8 23.9 369.1 199.0 306.4 2.6
CPV-12-88X-43 79 49.878 0.8 23.9241 32.2 0.2806 32.5 0.0487 4.9 0.15 306.5 14.7 251.2 72.5 -238.6 830.5 306.5 14.7
CPV-12-88X-93 105 81.509 1.7 20.7149 19.4 0.3243 19.7 0.0487 3.2 0.16 306.6 9.6 285.2 48.9 112.7 461.4 306.6 9.6
CPV-12-88X-27 263 342.605 1.8 19.1098 5.3 0.3525 5.6 0.0489 1.6 0.29 307.5 4.9 306.6 14.7 299.8 121.7 307.5 4.9
CPV-12-88X-42 367 402.431 1.7 19.7270 6.5 0.3416 6.6 0.0489 1.5 0.22 307.6 4.4 298.4 17.1 226.9 149.3 307.6 4.4
CPV-12-88X-92 111 89.511 1.4 17.6709 15.0 0.3836 15.7 0.0492 4.9 0.31 309.4 14.7 329.7 44.3 475.6 332.7 309.4 14.7
CPV-12-88X-58 77 332.138 1.2 21.2706 21.1 0.3206 21.7 0.0495 5.2 0.24 311.2 15.7 282.4 53.6 49.9 509.1 311.2 15.7
CPV-12-88X-18 138 150.668 1.1 18.8717 15.7 0.3628 16.0 0.0497 2.8 0.18 312.4 8.5 314.3 43.2 328.4 358.4 312.4 8.5
CPV-12-88X-65 47 66.373 1.2 21.6224 54.8 0.3205 55.6 0.0503 9.6 0.17 316.1 29.8 282.3 137.9 10.6 1,418.7 316.1 29.8

U
Analysis 206
(ppm) 206
Pb/207Pb 207
Pb/235U 206
Pb/238U (%) 206
Pb/238U (Ma) 207
Pb/235U Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-88X-57 180 309.383 2.2 18.1248 10.8 0.3833 12.1 0.0504 5.4 0.44 316.9 16.6 329.5 34.0 419.2 241.9 316.9 16.6
CPV-12-88X-63 388 732.324 1.7 19.3939 5.1 0.3643 5.5 0.0512 2.2 0.39 322.1 6.8 315.4 15.0 266.1 116.8 322.1 6.8
CPV-12-88X-91 107 107.279 1.3 18.1048 16.7 0.3927 17.4 0.0516 4.7 0.27 324.2 14.8 336.4 49.7 421.7 375.4 324.2 14.8
CPV-12-88X-97 485 469.238 1.5 19.1748 3.7 0.3862 4.2 0.0537 2.0 0.47 337.3 6.5 331.6 12.0 292.1 85.3 337.3 6.5
CPV-12-88X-72 73 85.672 2.1 17.1967 24.6 0.4327 25.1 0.0540 5.1 0.20 338.9 16.8 365.1 77.2 535.5 546.2 338.9 16.8
CPV-12-88X-12 687 1.082.248 2.1 17.7425 1.6 0.5572 2.7 0.0717 2.2 0.80 446.4 9.4 449.7 9.9 466.6 36.4 446.4 9.4
CPV-12-88X-45 542 1.395.733 2.2 17.7302 2.5 0.5906 2.6 0.0759 0.8 0.32 471.9 3.8 471.3 9.9 468.2 54.9 471.9 3.8
CPV-12-88X-73 127 184.963 1.3 16.9671 6.5 0.6405 6.7 0.0788 1.7 0.25 489.1 7.9 502.6 26.7 564.8 142.4 489.1 7.9
CPV-12-88X-71 44 63.097 0.8 18.0169 17.4 0.6146 18.5 0.0803 6.3 0.34 498.0 30.3 486.5 71.5 432.5 389.4 498.0 30.3
CPV-12-88X-10 656 942.173 4.3 16.4800 1.2 0.7959 1.3 0.0951 0.4 0.35 585.8 2.5 594.5 5.8 627.9 26.0 585.8 2.5
CPV-12-88X-85 137 555.594 0.8 16.8428 5.9 0.8029 6.1 0.0981 1.7 0.28 603.1 9.7 598.4 27.5 580.8 127.2 603.1 9.7
CPV-12-88X-41 67 330.263 1.7 14.4099 5.1 1.4751 5.4 0.1542 1.8 0.34 924.2 15.6 920.2 32.6 910.5 104.5 910.5 104.5
CPV-12-88X-82 121 1.349.992 2.1 11.7518 3.1 2.3609 4.9 0.2012 3.8 0.78 1,181.9 40.8 1,230.9 34.8 1,317.6 59.7 1,317.6 59.7
CPV-12-88X-100 27 379.422 2.1 5.1276 2.0 14.8129 2.6 0.5509 1.6 0.62 2,828.8 36.6 2,803.3 24.5 2,785.0 33.1 2,785.0 33.1
doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.07.011.
253
254
SAMPLE CPV-12-90.

U
Analysis 206
(ppm)
206
Pb/207Pb Pb/235U
207
Pb/238U
206 206
Pb/238U Pb/235U
207
Pb/207Pb
206
(%) (%) (%) corr. (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma)
CPV-12-90-19T 131 9.168 1.4 19.3868 19.5 0.2322 20.2 0.0327 5.4 0.27 207.1 11.0 212.0 38.7 266.9 450.6 207.1 11.0
CPV-12-90-8C 299 13.050 1.1 21.3917 10.9 0.2125 11.1 0.0330 1.8 0.16 209.1 3.6 195.6 19.7 36.3 262.0 209.1 3.6
CPV-12-90-7C 424 22.496 1.0 19.2050 6.8 0.2408 7.0 0.0335 1.6 0.23 212.7 3.3 219.1 13.8 288.5 155.6 212.7 3.3
CPV-12-90-18T 1.897 77.037 2.1 19.6095 2.7 0.2360 3.0 0.0336 1.3 0.43 212.8 2.7 215.1 5.8 240.6 62.5 212.8 2.7
CPV-12-90-20T 151 5.858 1.4 26.1357 27.8 0.1777 28.2 0.0337 4.6 0.16 213.5 9.6 166.1 43.2 -467.0 746.5 213.5 9.6
CPV-12-90-6C 1.452 42.467 2.0 19.8880 2.4 0.2375 5.5 0.0343 4.9 0.90 217.1 10.6 216.4 10.7 208.0 54.9 217.1 10.6
CPV-12-90-3C 152 3.251 2.0 17.0867 11.9 0.3788 12.8 0.0469 4.8 0.37 295.7 13.7 326.1 35.7 549.4 260.3 295.7 13.7
CPV-12-90-13C 226 20.242 0.6 17.7914 5.5 0.5781 9.4 0.0746 7.6 0.81 463.8 33.8 463.2 34.8 460.5 122.5 463.8 33.8
CPV-12-90-4C 274 56.171 4.5 17.6221 6.0 0.6176 6.1 0.0789 1.3 0.21 489.7 6.2 488.3 23.6 481.7 131.6 489.7 6.2
CPV-12-90-16T 345 32.873 3.1 17.6631 3.0 0.6223 5.6 0.0797 4.7 0.85 494.4 22.6 491.3 21.8 476.6 66.1 494.4 22.6
CPV-12-90-22T 215 17.160 0.4 16.3987 4.1 0.7086 4.9 0.0843 2.7 0.55 521.6 13.7 543.9 20.8 638.6 88.5 521.6 13.7
CPV-12-90-12C 549 125.272 1.8 17.0688 1.5 0.7570 3.9 0.0937 3.6 0.93 577.5 19.9 572.3 17.0 551.8 32.1 577.5 19.9
CPV-12-90-10C 2.049 13.334 40.6 16.7398 1.0 0.7783 3.1 0.0945 2.9 0.94 582.1 16.3 584.5 13.8 594.1 22.1 582.1 16.3
CPV-12-90-14C 132 26.880 0.5 16.7184 7.9 0.7863 8.9 0.0953 4.0 0.45 587.0 22.3 589.1 39.6 596.9 172.0 587.0 22.3
CPV-12-90-23T 187 7.366 7.6 17.0383 4.1 0.7805 5.0 0.0965 2.8 0.56 593.6 15.7 585.8 22.1 555.7 90.2 593.6 15.7
CPV-12-90-24T 500 30.764 5.6 16.1956 1.3 0.8648 6.7 0.1016 6.6 0.98 623.7 39.0 632.7 31.5 665.3 27.5 623.7 39.0
CPV-12-90-17T 693 70.508 21.7 16.0378 3.5 0.9487 9.1 0.1103 8.4 0.92 674.8 54.1 677.4 45.1 686.2 74.1 674.8 54.1
CPV-12-90-5C 543 188.872 3.5 14.5113 0.9 1.2409 2.5 0.1306 2.4 0.93 791.3 17.6 819.3 14.2 896.1 18.6 791.3 17.6
CPV-12-90-2C 212 43.072 3.0 13.3648 1.6 1.7525 4.5 0.1699 4.3 0.94 1,011.4 39.8 1,028.1 29.4 1,063.8 31.9 1,063.8 31.9
CPV-12-90-9C 104 155.242 3.9 12.8718 2.9 2.1735 7.3 0.2029 6.7 0.92 1,190.9 72.7 1,172.6 50.7 1,139.0 57.8 1,139.0 57.8
doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.07.011.
Supplementary material 2
U-Pb Methodology
Zircons were extracted from the rock samples by crushing, milling, gravitational separation and heavy liquids
treatment. Crystals were randomly selected (regardless of their size, form or colour) using a stereomicroscope
and then mounted in 25 mm epoxy and polished. U-Pb geochronology of zircons was attained by laser ablation
multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the Arizona LaserChron Center (Gehrels
et al., 2008). The analyses involved ablation of zircon with a New Wave/Lambda Physik DUV193 Excimer
laser (operating at a wavelength of 193 nm) using a spot diameter of 25 or 35 µm. The ablated material was
carried with helium gas into the plasma source of a GV Instruments Isoprobe equipped with a flight tube of
sufficient width that U, Th and Pb isotopes were measured simultaneously. All measurements were made in
static mode, using Faraday detectors for 238U and 232Th, an ion-counting channel for 204Pb, and either Faraday
collectors or ion counting channels for 208-206Pb. Ion yields were ca. 1 mV ppm-1. Each analysis consisted
of one 20 s integration on peaks with the laser off (for backgrounds), twenty 1 s integrations with the laser
firing, and a 30 s delay to purge the previous sample and to prepare for the next analysis. The ablation pit
was ca. 15 µm in depth. For each analysis, the errors in determining 206Pb/238U and 206Pb/204Pb result in a
measurement error of ca. 1% (at 2σ level) in the 206Pb/238U age. The errors in measurement of 206Pb/207Pb
and 206Pb/204Pb also result in ca. 1% (2σ) uncertainty in age for grains that are >1.0 Ga, but are substantially
larger for younger grains owing to low intensity of the 207Pb signal. For most analyses, the crossover in
precision of 206Pb/238U and 206Pb/207Pb ages occurs at ca. 1.0 Ga. Common Pb correction was accomplished
by using the measured 204Pb and assuming an initial Pb composition from Stacey and Kramers (1975) (with
uncertainties of 1.0 for 206Pb/204Pb and 0.3 for 207Pb/204Pb). The measurement of 204Pb is unaffected by the
presence of 204Hg because backgrounds are measured on peaks (thereby subtracting any background 204Hg and
204
Pb), and because very little Hg is present in the argon gas. Interelement fractionation of Pb/U is generally
ca. 20%, whereas fractionation of Pb isotopes is generally <2%. In-run analysis of fragments of a large Sri
Lankan zircon crystal (generally every fifth measurement) with known age of 564±4 Ma (2σ error) was
used to correct for this fractionation (see Gehrels et al., 2008). The uncertainty resulting from the calibration
correction is generally ca. 1% (2σ) for both 206Pb/207Pb and 206Pb/238U ages. The reported ages are determined
either by the “unmix” algorithm or from the weighted mean of the 206Pb/238U ages of the concordant and
overlapping analyses (Ludwig, 2003).
Specification for each sample. The reported uncertainty is based on the scatter and precision of the
set of 206Pb/238U or 206Pb/207Pb ages, weighted according to their measurement errors (shown at 1σ). The
systematic error, which includes contributions from the standard calibration, age of the calibration standard
and composition of common Pb and U decay constants, is generally ca. 1-2% (2σ).
References
Gehrels, G.E.; Valencia, V.A.; Ruiz, J. 2008. Enhanced precision, accuracy, efficiency, and spatial resolution of U/Pb
ages by laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Geochemistry, Geophysics,
Geosystems 9 (3): 13 p. doi: 10.1029/2007GC001805.
Ludwig, K.R. 2003. User’s manual for Isoplot 3.00: A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley
Geochronological Center, Special Publication 4: 70 p.
Stacey, J.S.; Kramers, J.D. 1975. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters 26: 207-221.

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Andean Geology 47 (2): 207-255.

May, 2020 Andean Geology

Stratigraphic and provenance analysis of Triassic rock units

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

1. Introduction Franzese and Spalletti, 2001). On the other hand,

JURASSIC ARC Canto del La Totora

TRIASSIC BASINS Guanaco Sonso

Location for photos on El Portillo Mylonites Cerro Bayo Fm.

Fig. 7 San Félix Fm. (M1-M4 members) beds

264.5±5.3 (max) Quebrada Las Cañas &

1) Ortiz and Merino, 2015 Tonalites Complex

12) Hervé et al., 2014 La Pampa Gneises

216.4±2.4 (max) 249±1 |2

304±3 |11 E E E E E E E E E E E 307±2 |9 248±3

273±6 (max)|11 319±3|11

250.3±2.6 (max) E E E E E E E E E E324±4 E E E|1E E E E E E E E E E E 253±2 E E E |1

Coastal Cordillera Frontal Cordillera

Salazar et al. / Andean Geology 47 (2): 207-255, 2020

Canto del Agua Fm.

Ma COASTAL CORDILLERA FRONTAL CORDILLERA

220 Late Norian UTrsf5

320 Bashkirian Cpd

C 323 Ma 301 Ma Anisian

4. Detritus characterization 4.1.2. Canto del Agua Formation

COASTAL CORDILLERA FRONTAL CORDILLERA

240-260 Ma (max) 2,000 Flame structure

(CPV-12-88X) Carnian Unconformity

0.1 600 200 300

Road to the Plomiza Mine 3,000

0.12 700 0.054 340

0.04 300 0.038 240 youngest grain

Age (Ma) Age (Ma)

230 280 330 380

100 300 500 700 900 1,100 1,300 1,500 1,700

CPV-12-39 Age (Ma)

First Stage: Early to Middle Triassic ETMC

I 6 Rocha-Campos et al., 2011.

310 CB CAN 7 Domeier et al., 2011.

Finally, the Carnian unconformity described in this 7. Conclusions

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Salazar et al. / Andean Geology 47 (2): 207-255, 2020

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Salazar et al. / Andean Geology 47 (2): 207-255, 2020

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Salazar et al. / Andean Geology 47 (2): 207-255, 2020

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

Isotope ratios Apparent ages (Ma)

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