Union Viga
Union Viga
Union Viga
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Material
Acero A36
Hormigón 3000 psi
1 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Diseño
Nombre CON2
Descripción
Análisis Resistencia de diseño de la unión
Normativa de cálculo AISC - LRFD 2016
Elementos estructurales
β– γ- α- Desplazamiento Desplazamiento Desplazamiento
Sección Fuerzas
Nombre Dirección Inclinación Rotación ex ey ez
transversal en
[°] [°] [°] [mm] [mm] [mm]
2-
B1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 Nodo
W310X21
2-
B2 180.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 Nodo
W310X21
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Secciones
Nombre Material
2 - W310X21 A36
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Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Secciones
Nombre Material Dibujo
2 - W310X21 A36
Tornillos
Diámetro fu Área bruta
Nombre Conjunto de tornillo
[mm] [MPa] [mm2]
16 A325M 16 A325M 16 830.0 201
Cargas
N Vy Vz Mx My Mz
Nombre Elemento
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]
LE1 B1 -7.4 13.5 53.0 0.0 110.0 0.0
Verificación
6 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Resumen
Nombre Valor Estado de la verificación
Placas 245.1 > 5.0% No OK!
Tornillos 116.6 > 100% No OK!
Soldaduras 169.2 > 100% No OK!
Placas
fy Espesor σEd εPl σcEd
Nombre Cargas Estado de la verificación
[MPa] [mm] [MPa] [%] [MPa]
B1-bfl 1 248.2 5.7 LE1 714.2 245.1 0.0 No OK!
B1-tfl 1 248.2 5.7 LE1 709.1 242.6 0.0 No OK!
B1-w 1 248.2 5.1 LE1 485.8 131.1 0.0 No OK!
B2-bfl 1 248.2 5.7 LE1 501.0 138.6 0.0 No OK!
B2-tfl 1 248.2 5.7 LE1 495.5 135.9 0.0 No OK!
B2-w 1 248.2 5.1 LE1 405.6 91.0 0.0 No OK!
PP1a 248.2 16.0 LE1 227.1 1.9 120.3 OK
PP1b 248.2 16.0 LE1 226.1 1.4 120.3 OK
Datos de diseño
fy εlim
Material
[MPa] [%]
A36 248.2 5.0
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Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Tornillos
Ft V ϕRn,portante Utt Uts Utts
Forma Ítem Calidad Cargas Estado
[kN] [kN] [kN] [%] [%] [%]
B5 16 A325M - 1 LE1 100.7 1.9 184.3 107.7 3.4 - No OK!
B6 16 A325M - 1 LE1 99.0 2.4 184.3 105.9 4.3 - No OK!
B7 16 A325M - 1 LE1 108.4 2.4 184.3 116.0 4.3 - No OK!
B8 16 A325M - 1 LE1 109.0 2.5 184.3 116.6 4.5 - No OK!
B9 16 A325M - 1 LE1 64.9 6.4 184.3 69.5 11.3 - OK
B10 16 A325M - 1 LE1 66.4 6.7 184.3 71.1 12.0 - OK
B11 16 A325M - 1 LE1 0.0 4.8 184.3 0.0 8.5 - OK
B12 16 A325M - 1 LE1 0.0 5.1 184.3 0.0 9.1 - OK
B13 16 A325M - 1 LE1 0.0 5.8 184.3 0.0 10.4 - OK
B14 16 A325M - 1 LE1 0.0 6.0 184.3 0.0 10.7 - OK
B15 16 A325M - 1 LE1 0.8 5.5 158.8 0.8 9.8 - OK
B16 16 A325M - 1 LE1 0.5 5.5 161.4 0.5 9.8 - OK
Datos de diseño
ϕRn,tracción ϕRn,cortante
Calidad
[kN] [kN]
16 A325M - 1 93.5 56.1
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN < Ft =
100.7 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
10 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 1.9 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
184.3 kN ≥ V = 1.9 kN
Donde:
lc = 75 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
Fu = 400.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción del material conectado
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN < Ft =
99.0 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 2.4 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
11 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
184.3 kN ≥ V = 2.4 kN
Donde:
lc = 55 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN < Ft =
108.4 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 2.4 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
184.3 kN ≥ V = 2.4 kN
Donde:
lc = 56 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
Fu = 400.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción del material conectado
12 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN < Ft =
109.0 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 2.5 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
184.3 kN ≥ V = 2.5 kN
Donde:
lc = 104 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
Fu = 400.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción del material conectado
13 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN ≥ Ft =
64.9 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 6.4 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
184.3 kN ≥ V = 6.4 kN
Donde:
lc = 137 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
Fu = 400.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción del material conectado
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN ≥ Ft =
66.4 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
14 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 6.7 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
184.3 kN ≥ V = 6.7 kN
Donde:
lc = 52 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN ≥ Ft =
0.0 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 4.8 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
15 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
184.3 kN ≥ V = 4.8 kN
Donde:
lc = 52 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
Fu = 400.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción del material conectado
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN ≥ Ft =
0.0 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 5.1 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
184.3 kN ≥ V = 5.1 kN
Donde:
lc = 52 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
Fu = 400.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción del material conectado
16 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN ≥ Ft =
0.0 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 5.8 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
184.3 kN ≥ V = 5.8 kN
Donde:
lc = 56 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
Fu = 400.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción del material conectado
17 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN ≥ Ft =
0.0 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 6.0 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
184.3 kN ≥ V = 6.0 kN
Donde:
lc = 56 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
Fu = 400.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción del material conectado
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN ≥ Ft =
0.8 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
18 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 5.5 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
158.8 kN ≥ V = 5.5 kN
Donde:
lc = 28 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
Fu = 400.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción del material conectado
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnt ⋅ Ab =
93.5 kN ≥ Ft =
0.5 kN
Donde:
Fnt = 620.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción nominal de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
ϕRn = ϕ ⋅ Fnv ⋅ Ab =
56.1 kN ≥ V = 5.5 kN
Donde:
Fnv = 372.0 MPa – resistencia a tensiones tangenciales de AISC 360-16 Tabla J3.2
Ab = 201 mm2
– Área bruta del tornillo
ϕ = 0.75 – resistance factor
19 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Rn = 1.20 ⋅ lc ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
≤ 2.40 ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ Fu
ϕRn =
161.4 kN ≥ V = 5.5 kN
Donde:
lc = 28 mm
– distancia libre, en la dirección de la fuerza, entre el borde del agujero y el borde del agujero adyacente o
borde del material
t = 16 mm – espesor de la placa
d = 16 mm – dimámetro del tornillo
Fu = 400.0 MPa – resistencia a tracción del material conectado
Weld sections
Th Ls L Lc Fn ϕRn Ut
Ítem Borde Xu Cargas Estado
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN] [%]
PP1a B1-bfl 1 E60xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 101 25 LE1 48.3 28.6 169.2 No OK!
E60xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 101 25 LE1 45.0 27.8 161.9 No OK!
PP1a B1-tfl 1 E60xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 101 25 LE1 44.8 27.9 160.6 No OK!
E60xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 101 25 LE1 47.6 28.6 166.8 No OK!
PP1a B1-w 1 E60xx ◢2.8◣ ◢4.0◣ 296 27 LE1 30.8 21.1 146.5 No OK!
E60xx ◢2.8◣ ◢4.0◣ 296 27 LE1 30.8 21.0 146.4 No OK!
PP1b B2-bfl 1 E60xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 101 25 LE1 44.2 28.5 155.3 No OK!
E60xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 101 25 LE1 44.6 28.1 158.6 No OK!
PP1b B2-tfl 1 E60xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 101 25 LE1 45.2 28.2 160.0 No OK!
E60xx ◢4.2◣ ◢6.0◣ 101 25 LE1 44.1 28.5 154.6 No OK!
PP1b B2-w 1 E60xx ◢2.8◣ ◢4.0◣ 296 27 LE1 30.1 21.2 141.7 No OK!
E60xx ◢2.8◣ ◢4.0◣ 296 27 LE1 30.0 21.2 141.2 No OK!
20 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Donde:
Fnw = 357.0 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
Donde:
Fnw = 347.5 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
Donde:
Fnw = 348.5 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
21 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Donde:
Fnw = 356.8 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
Donde:
Fnw = 368.6 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
Donde:
Fnw = 368.2 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
22 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Donde:
Fnw = 355.8 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
Donde:
Fnw = 351.4 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
Donde:
Fnw = 352.7 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
23 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Donde:
Fnw = 356.2 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
Donde:
Fnw = 371.7 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
Donde:
Fnw = 371.5 MPa – resistencia nominal del material de aportación:
FEXX = 413.7 MPa – número de clasificación del electrodo, p.e. mínima resistencia a tracción especificada
24 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Listado de material
Operaciones
Placas Soldaduras Longitud
Nombre Forma Nº Tornillos Nº
[mm] [mm] [mm]
P16.0x125.0-440.0 (A36) 1
Soldaduras
Espesor de garganta Tamaño de pierna Longitud
Tipo Material
[mm] [mm] [mm]
Doble tendón de soldadura E60xx 4.2 6.0 404.0
Doble tendón de soldadura E60xx 2.8 4.0 594.6
Tornillos
Longitud de agarre
Nombre Cuenta
[mm]
16 A325M 32 12
Dibujo
PP1 - PP1a
P16.0x440-125 (A36)
25 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
PP1 - PP1b
P16.0x440-125 (A36)
Configuración de la norma
Ítem Valor Unidad Referencia
Coeficiente de fricción - hormigón 0.40 - ACI 349 – B.6.1.4
Coeficiente de fricción en la resistencia a deslizamiento 0.30 - AISC 360-16 J3.8
Deformación plástica límite 0.05 -
Redistribución
Evaluación de la tensión de la soldadura
plástica
Detallado No
Distancia entre tornillos [d] 2.66 - AISC 360-16 – J3.3
Distancia entre tornillos y el borde [d] 1.25 - AISC 360-16 – J.3.4
Resistencia al arrancamiento del cono de hormigón Ambos
Resistencia del metal base en la cara de fusión de la
No AISC 360-16: J2-2
soldadura
Hormigón fisurado Sí ACI 318-14 – Chapter 17
Comprobación de la deformación local No
Deformación límite local 0.03 - CIDECT DG 1, 3 - 1.1
Grandes deformaciones para secciones
No linealidad geométrica (GMNA) Sí
huecas
26 / 32
Proyecto:
Proyecto nº:
Autor:
Theoretical Background
CBFEM versus AISC 360
The weak point of standard design method is in analyzing of internal forces and stress in a joint. CBFEM replaces specific analysis of
internal forces in joint with general FEA.
Check methods of specific components like bolts or welds are done according to standard AISC 360.
For the fasteners – bolts and welds – special FEM components had to be developed to model the welds and bolts behaviour in the
connection. All parts of 1D members and all additional plates are modeled as plate/walls. These elements are made of steel (metal in
general) and the behaviour of this material is significantly nonlinear.
The real stress-strain diagram of steel is replaced by the ideal plastic material for design purposes in building practice. The advantage
of ideal plastic material is, that only yield strength and modulus of elasticity must be known to describe the material curve. The yield
strength is multiplied by resistance factor (LRFD) or divided by safety factor (ASD) – AISC 360, Appendix 1. The granted ductility of
construction steel is 15 %. The real usable value of limit plastic strain is 5% for ordinary design (EN 1993-1-5 appendix C paragraph C.8
note 1).
The stress in steel cannot exceed the yield strength when using the ideal elastic-plastic stress-strain diagram.
CBFEM method aims to model the real state precisely. Meshes of plates / walls are not merged, no intersections are generated
between them, unlike it is used to when modeling structures and buildings. Mesh of finite elements is generated on each individual plate
independently on mesh of other plates.
Between the meshes, special massless force interpolation constraints are added. They ensure the connection between the edge of one
plate and the surface or edge of the other plate.
This unique calculation model provides very good results – both for the point of view of precision and of the analysis speed. The method
is protected by patent.
The steel base plate is placed loosely on the concrete foundation. It is a contact element in the analysis model – the connection resists
compression fully, but does not resist tension.
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Stress-strain diagram of contact between the concrete block and the base plate
The concrete block in CBFEM is modeled using Winkler-Pasternak subsoil model. The stiffness of subsoil is determined using modulus
of elasticity of concrete and effective height of subsoil. The concrete block is not designed by CBFEM method.
Welds are modeled using a special elastoplastic element, which is added to the interpolation links between the plates. The element
respects the weld throat thickness, position and orientation. The plasticity state is controlled by stresses in the weld throat section. The
plastic redistribution of stress in welds allows for stress peaks to be redistributed along the longer part of the weld.
Bolted connection consists of two or more clasped plates and one or more bolts. Plates are placed loosely on each other.
A contact element is inserted between plates in the analysis model, which acts only in compression. No forces are carried in tension.
Shear force is taken by bearing. Special model for its transferring in the force direction only is implemented. IDEA StatiCa Connection
can check bolts for interaction of shear and tension. The bolt behavior is implemented according to the following picture.
Bolt – tension
Symbols explanation:
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Loads
End forces of member of the frame analysis model are transferred to the ends of member segments. Eccentricities of members caused
by the joint design are respected during load transfer.
The analysis model created by CBFEM method corresponds to the real joint very precisely, whereas the analysis of internal forces is
performed on very idealised 3D FEM bar model, where individual beams are modeled using centrelines and the joints are modeled
using immaterial nodes.
Internal forces are analysed using 1D members in 3D model. There is an example of courses of internal forces in the following picture.
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Internal forces in horizontal beam. M and V are the end forces at joint.
The effects caused by member on the joint are important to design the connection. The effects are illustrated in the following picture.
Effects of the member on the joint. CBFEM model is drawn in dark blue color.
Moment M and shear force V act in a theoretical joint. The point of theoretical joint does not exist in CBFEM model, thus the load
cannot be applied here. The model must be loaded by actions M and V, which have to be transferred to the end of segment in the
distance r.
Mc = M − V · r
Vc = V
In CBFEM model, the end section of segment is loaded by moment Mc and force Vc.
Welds
Fillet welds
The design strength, ϕRn and the allowable strength, Rn/Ω of welded joints are evaluated in connection weld check.
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD)
Ω = 2.00 (ASD)
Available strength of welded joints is evaluated according to AISC 360 – J2.4:
Rn = FnwAwe
Fnw = 0.60 FEXX (1.0 + 0.50 sin1.5Θ)
where
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For long welds and welding to unstiffened flanges or webs of rectangular hollow sections, the weld material model is fine-tuned so that
no reduction factor is necessary. The weld resistance is governed by most stressed weld element.
Bolts
Tensile and shear strength of bolts
The design tensile or shear strength, ϕRn, and the allowable tensile or shear strength, Rn / Ω of a snug-tightened bolt is determined
according to the limit states of tension rupture and shear rupture as follows:
Rn = FnAb
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD)
Ω = 2.00 (ASD)
where
The tensile force, against which the required tensile strength is checked, includes any tension resulting from prying action produced by
deformation of the connected parts.
F' nt – nominal tensile stress modified to include the effects of shear stress,
F nt – nominal tensile stress from AISC 360 – Tab. J3.2,
F nv – nominal shear stress from AISC 360 – Tab. J3.2,
f rv – required shear stress using LRFD or ASD load combinations. The available shear stress of the fastener shall be equal or
exceed the required shear stress, frv.
where
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Preloaded bolts
The design slip resistance of a preloaded class A325 or A490 bolt with of effect of tensile force, Ft,Ed according to AISC 360 – J3.9.
Preloading force to be used AISC 360 – Tab. J3.1.
Tb = 0.7 fubAs
Design slip resistance per bolt AISC 360 – J3.8
Rn = 1.13 μ TbNs
Utilisation in shear [%]:
Uts = V / Rn
where
Anchors
The anchor bolt element is elastic-plastic with significant strain hardening. The maximum steel tensile resistance is expected at the
strain which equals to 0.25 × guaranteed elongation. The failure mode due to concrete cracking may occur before the anchor steel
tensile resistance is reached and is considered as a completely brittle failure.
Similarly, the steel components in shear (anchor bolt, base plate in bearing) are able to yield but failure modes connected with concrete
cracking may occur suddenly as a brittle failure.
All standards use Concrete Capacity Design method developed by prof. R. Eligehausen at University of Stuttgart. The theory is based
on vast experimental and numerical testing mostly on unreinforced concrete blocks and relatively short, often post-installed, anchors.
Anchorage is designed according to ACI 318-14 – Chapter 17. The design is available only for LRFD. Some failure modes (e.g. steel
resistance) are evaluated for single anchors, others (e.g. concrete breakout) are checked for group of anchors.
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