F.

Santonja Medina

Manual de
Exploración
Musculoesquelética
Manual de Exploración
Musculoesquelética
Manual de Exploración
Musculoesquelética

Fernando Santonja Medina

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Autores

Aguilera Campillos, Julián Ferrer López, Vicente

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Q4GdS6qbYCb rb xhrZ3r. LXdZ4jbC4Zh rb wbOhJ3S3qhV3óY s León Muñoz, Vicente J.
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V
 VI MANUAL DE EXPLORACIÓN MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA

Santonja Medina, Fernando Sanz Mengíbar, José Manuel

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 Dedicado a nuestros queridos ausentes, porque nosotros
les tenemos muy presentes.

A mi esposa Sara. Mi compañera de viaje, mi estímulo

y quien mejor me ha comprendido y ayudado.

A mis hijos, Fernando y Sara, ahora médicos,

por soportarme como padre, profesor de grado y director de
sus tesis, por su generosidad de no echarme nunca en cara mi
dedicación a los demás en detrimento suyo.

A mi familia (madre, hermanos, cuñados…) y a mis amigos,

por el tiempo que no les he podido dedicar
por la realización de proyectos de investigación y docentes,
que ha conllevado no poder disfrutar de su compañía
todo lo que hubiese querido.
Prólogo I

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Gerardo Garcés Martín

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IX
Prólogo II

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bC GáC 3YV3bZq4. LY bCq4C VhC4C Ohs I6b ZbV4ZrhZ Sh jZhCb hqZ3J63rh h ohjjb, «N63bY I63bZb J6bYhC
ZbCd6bCqhC q3bYb I6b OhVbZ J6bYhC dZbD6YqhC», d4Z S4 I6b, V6hYr4 Cb C4S3V3qb V6hSI63bZ bXdS4ZhV3óY
V4GdSbGbYqhZ3h, bC YbVbChZ34 hrn6YqhZ S4C rhq4C VSíY3V4C, S4 I6b dbZG3q3Zá 4JqbYbZ 6Y r3hDYóCq3V4
GáC dZbV3C4. LCq4 Cb V4YC3D6b Gbr3hYqb 6Y J6bY V4Y4V3G3bYq4 rb Sh CbG34S4Díh, I6b 3YVS6sb Sh
hYhq4Gíh Y4ZGhS, S4C CíYq4GhC s C3DY4C, s ShC hrbV6hrhC GhY34JZhC rb bXdS4ZhV3óY, d6r3éYr4Cb
bu3qhZ 3YYbVbChZ3hC dbq3V34YbC rb bXdS4ZhV34YbC V4GdSbGbYqhZ3hC bY G6VOhC 4VhC34YbC, s 4JqbYbZ
r3hDYóCq3V4C GáC dZbV4VbC s j3hJSbC.
LCqb S3JZ4 Oh C3r4 bCVZ3q4 V4Y bS dZ4dóC3q4 j6YrhGbYqhS rb hs6rhZ h q4r4C S4C dZ4jbC34YhSbC 3G-
dS3Vhr4C bY bS r3hDYóCq3V4 s qZhqhG3bYq4 rb Sh dhq4S4Díh rbS hdhZhq4 S4V4G4q4Z (Gér3V4C rb jhG3S3h,
qZh6GhqóS4D4C, Zb6GhqóS4D4C, ZbOhJ3S3qhr4ZbC, Gér3V4C rbS rbd4Zqb, j3C34qbZhdb6qhC, d4róS4D4C,
bqV.), dhZh dZ4d3V3hZ C6 j4ZGhV3óY s bS hdZbYr3Ehnb rb Sh C3CqbGáq3Vh rb 6Yh V4ZZbVqh bXdS4ZhV3óY
VSíY3Vh. wbV4ZrbG4C I6b Sh Gbn4Z hs6rh dhZh 6Y dhV3bYqb bC 6Y r3hDYóCq3V4 Zád3r4 s VbZqbZ4.
LS S3JZ4 bCqá bCqZ6Vq6Zhr4 bY V3YV4 CbVV34YbC bY ShC I6b Cb rbCVZ3Jb Sh C3CqbGáq3Vh rb bXdS4ZhV3óY
rb Vhrh hZq3V6ShV3óY, I6b bS h6q4Z hDZ6dh bY V4S6GYh ubZqbJZhS, bXqZbG3rhrbC C6dbZ34ZbC, bXqZbG3-
rhrbC 3YjbZ34ZbC s 4qZ4C qbGhC rb 3YqbZéC, hrbGáC rb 6Yh dZ3GbZh CbVV3óY rb DbYbZhS3rhrbC.
0bCqhVh rb bCqb VSáC3V4 s h Sh ubE Y4ubr4C4 S3JZ4, Sh 3YC3CqbYV3h bY Sh C3CqbGáq3Vh dhZh hVbZqhZ bY
bS r3hDYóCq3V4 V4Y Ghs4Z dZ4JhJ3S3rhr. i3bGdZb Ohs I6b dZ4VbrbZ h Sh 3YCdbVV3óY, dhSdhZ bY J6CVh
rb Sh bCqZ6Vq6Zh I6b dZ4u4Vh bS r4S4Z, V4GdZ4JhZ bS hZV4 rb G4u3S3rhr s C6 ZbShV3óY V4Y bS r4S4Z, s
rbV3r3Z ShC GhY34JZhC bCdbV3hSbC I6b CbhY dZbV3ChC CbDúY Sh C4CdbVOh r3hDYóCq3Vh. LS KZ4j. ihYq4Ynh
hd4Zqh bY Vhrh Vhdíq6S4 6Yh 3V4Y4DZhjíh G6s Y6GbZ4Ch I6b hs6rh bY DZhY Gbr3rh h Sh Gbn4Z bXd4-
C3V3óY rb Vhrh GhY34JZh. lrbGáC, bCqb S3JZ4 V4Yq3bYb Y6GbZ4C4C bYShVbC dhZh hGdS3hZ 3Yj4ZGhV3óY
s V6hYq34C4C uírb4C I6b jhV3S3qhY Sh V4GdZbYC3óY rb ShC GhY34JZhC CbSbVV34YhrhC. W3YhSGbYqb, bY
Vhrh Vhdíq6S4 Ohs dZbD6YqhC rb h6q4buhS6hV3óY, S4 I6b S4 OhVb G6s r3ráVq3V4.
K4Z q4r4 bSS4, VZb4 I6b bC 6Y S3JZ4 rb 4JS3Dhr4 bCq6r34 dhZh q4rhC ShC dbZC4YhC 3YqbZbChrhC bY Sh
dhq4S4Díh rbS hdhZhq4 S4V4G4q4Z.

Pedro carPintero

QhqbrZáq3V4 rb PZh6Ghq4S4Díh s Q3Z6Díh tZq4dér3Vh,

5Y3ubZC3rhr rb QóZr4Jh
XI
Prefacio

LCqb S3JZ4 YhVb rb Sh V4Yu3VV3óY rb I6b 6Y Gér3V4 I6b bXdS4Zh CbZá 6Y Gbn4Z Gér3V4, s Cb bC Gbn4Z
Gér3V4 d4ZI6b Sh bXdS4ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh dbZG3qb 3rbYq3j3VhZ Sh Ghs4Zíh rb S4C dZ4VbC4C d4Z S4C I6b C4G4C
V4YC6Sqhr4C, hS jhV3S3qhZ bS r3hDYóCq3V4 bq34SóD3V4, hCí V4G4 Gbn4ZhZ Sh ZbShV3óY Gér3V4-dhV3bYqb. LCqh
ZbShV3óY bC Sh DZhY 4Su3rhrh d4Z G6VO4C DbCq4ZbC s DbZbYqbC ChY3qhZ34C s, rbCDZhV3hrhGbYqb, d4Z rb-
GhC3hr4C Gér3V4C. Ah bXdS4ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh Gbn4Zh Sh V4Yj3hYEh rbS dhV3bYqb bY C6 Gér3V4, S4 I6b O4s
ríh bC GáC qZhCVbYrbYqb d4ZI6b Sh V4Yj3hYEh sh Y4 u3bYb 3Gd6bCqh V4G4 hYqhñ4 d4Z Y6bCqZ4C bCq6r34C
Y3 d4Z Y6bCqZh q3q6ShV3óY, C3Y4 I6b Vhrh Gér3V4 Oh rb DhYáZCbSh V4Y Vhrh 6Y4 rb C6C dhV3bYqbC s bY
Vhrh V4YC6Sqh, s Sh bXdS4ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh, C3Y r6rh hSD6Yh, hs6rh G6VO4 h V4YCbD63ZSh. LS 4Jnbq3u4 rb
bCqb S3JZ4 bC jhV3S3qhZ hS SbVq4Z Sh hrI63C3V3óY rb Sh V4GdbqbYV3h dhZh bCqhJSbVbZ Sh C4CdbVOh r3hDYóC-
q3Vh rb Sh Ghs4Zíh rb ShC dhq4S4DíhC rbS hdhZhq4 S4V4G4q4Z Y4 Zb6Gáq3VhC V4Y 6Yh V4ZZbVqh hYhGYbC3C
s 6Yh hrbV6hrh bXdS4ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh, S4 I6b dbZG3q3Zá 3Yr3VhZ 6Y V4ZZbVq4 qZhqhG3bYq4.
KhZh bXdS4ZhZ 3Yr6rhJSbGbYqb Ohs I6b saber, dbZ4 6Y V4Y4V3G3bYq4 qbóZ3V4, h6YI6b Cbh dZ4j6Y-
r4, Y4 DhZhYq3Eh r3hDY4Cq3VhZ hrbV6hrhGbYqb. KhZh bCqhJSbVbZ 6Y r3hDYóCq3V4 V4Y hSqhC dZ4JhJ3S3rh-
rbC rb hVbZqhZ hay que explorar, s Sh bXdS4ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh Cb Oh rb entrenar, s bC j6YrhGbYqhS I6b nos
la enseñen bien, rb j4ZGh I6b bu3qbG4C hS GáX3G4 Sh C6Jnbq3u3rhr s Sh 3YqbZdZbqbG4C V4ZZbVqhGbYqb.
LCqb S3JZ4 bC bS jZ6q4 rb Sh V4GJ3YhV3óY rb 6Yh qb4Zíh ZbjSbX34Yhrh d4Z bS I6bOhVbZ r3hZ34 rb bX-
dS4ZhZ rb j4ZGh C3CqbGáq3Vh h G3C dhV3bYqbC, s rb G3 bXdbZ3bYV3h V4G4 r4VbYqb u4SVhr4 bY bYCbñhZ
h G3C hS6GY4C S4 GáC 3Gd4ZqhYqb. A4 r3Cbñé OhVb Rv hñ4C, V4Y Sh 3S6C3óY rb I6b j6bZh úq3S dhZh bS
Gér3V4 rb jhG3S3h, dbr3hqZh, qZh6GhqóS4D4, Gér3V4 rbS rbd4Zqb, Zb6GhqóS4D4, ZbOhJ3S3qhr4Z, j4ZbYCb,
j3C34qbZhdb6qh, d4róS4D4… s, C4JZb q4r4, dhZh bS bCq6r3hYqb rb DZhr4 rb ShC V3bYV3hC ChY3qhZ3hC s dhZh
S4C Gér3V4C ZbC3rbYqbC. PhGJ3éY S4 V4YVbJí dhZh V6GdS3Z V4Y Sh dbq3V3óY rb G6VO4C hS6GY4C I6b Gb
dbríhY 6Y S3JZ4 I6b G4CqZhCb Sh j4ZGh «r3jbZbYqb» rb bYCbñhZ.
Ah CbG34S4Díh rbS hdhZhq4 S4V4G4q4Z Y4 bC 6Yh dhZVbSh bXVS6C3uh rb S4C bCdbV3hS3CqhC bY hdhZh-
q4 S4V4G4q4Z (qZh6GhqóS4D4C, ZbOhJ3S3qhr4ZbC, Zb6GhqóS4D4C), C3Y4 I6b rbJb CbZ r4G3Yhrh d4Z S4C
Gér3V4C rb hqbYV3óY dZ3GhZ3h (Gér3V4 rb jhG3S3h, dbr3hqZh, hYq3D64 Gér3V4 rb Gbr3V3Yh DbYbZhS,
j4ZbYCb, Gér3V4 rbS rhñ4 V4Zd4ZhS…), dbZ4 qhGJ3éY d4Z bS j3C34qbZhdb6qh s bS d4róS4D4, C3bGdZb I6b
Cb I63bZh dZ4d4ZV34YhZ 6Yh hC3CqbYV3h rb VhS3rhr.
LCqb S3JZ4 bCqá JhChr4 bY G3 bXdbZ3bYV3h V4G4 Gér3V4 bCdbV3hS3Cqh bY qZh6Ghq4S4Díh s V3Z6Díh
4Zq4dér3Vh s bY Gbr3V3Yh rbS rbd4Zqb, V4Y GhY34JZhC CbSbVV34YhrhC h qZhuéC rb Sh V3bYV3h, dbZ4
qhGJ3éY Jhn4 bS dZ3CGh rb Sh bXdbZ3bYV3h, V4Y Sh dhZq3V6ShZ3rhr rb I6b V4Yq3bYb GhY34JZhC I6b Ob
rbCVZ3q4 s 4qZhC I6b OhY C3r4 3YubCq3DhrhC d4Z G3 DZ6d4 rb 3YubCq3DhV3óY h S4 ShZD4 rb 7m hñ4C. LC 6Y
S3JZ4 I6b húYh VShZ3rhr bXd4C3q3uh, V3bYV3h s bXdbZ3bYV3h.
PhGJ3éY bC 6Y S3JZ4 r3Cbñhr4 V4Y bCqZhqbD3hC r4VbYqbC, jZ6q4 rb G3 bXdbZ3bYV3h V4G4 dZ4jbC4Z,
sh I6b Ob qbY3r4 6Yh uhZ3hrh s bYZ3I6bVbr4Zh VhZZbZh r4VbYqb, hS OhJbZ rhr4 VShCbC h R2 dZ4G4-
V34YbC rb W3C34qbZhd3h, s bY Sh hVq6hS3rhr 3GdhZq4 qZbC hC3DYhq6ZhC rb xbr3V3Yh (RR dZ4G4V34YbC).
KZbu3hGbYqb j63 r4VbYqb rb LYjbZGbZíh (r4C V6ZC4C), xhD3CqbZ34 (m dZ4G4V34YbC rb bCdbV3hS3CqhC bY
br6VhV3óY jíC3Vh) s rb Sh Rª dZ4G4V3óY rb S3VbYV3hr4C bY Lr6VhV3óY WíC3Vh. P4r4 bSS4 Gb Oh dbZG3q3r4
hrI63Z3Z 6Yh u3C3óY GáC hGdS3h rb Sh r4VbYV3h, rbS dZ4VbC4 rb bYCbñhYEh-hdZbYr3Ehnb s rb Sh 5Y3ubZ-
C3rhr, S4 I6b CbD6Z4 Gb Oh V4Yj4ZGhr4 V4G4 r4VbYqb.
LC 6Y S3JZ4 escrito para el lector, Y4 dhZh bS h6q4Z, sh I6b bCqá r3Cbñhr4 dhZh jhV3S3qhZ Sh V4GdZbY-
C3óY rb Vhrh 6Y4 rb S4C qbGhC s C6 3YGbr3hqh d6bCqh bY dZáVq3Vh. LCqá dShYqbhr4 V4Y Sh u4VhV3óY
rb I6b bS SbVq4Z aprenda lo importante, bCq4 bC, S4 I6b 6Y Gér3V4 Oh rb ChJbZ dhZh r3hDY4Cq3VhZ ShC
XIII
XIV MANUAL DE EXPLORACIÓN MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA

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ShC GhY34JZhC VSíY3VhC rbCVZ3qhC bY Sh S3qbZhq6Zh.
LC 6Y S3JZ4 dhZh S4C Gér3V4C s dhZh S4C bCq6r3hYqbC rb Gbr3V3Yh, hCí V4G4 dhZh S4C j3C34qbZhdb6qhC
s d4róS4D4C V4Y vocación de aprender s I6b q3bYbY bS bCdíZ3q6 rb JZ3YrhZ Sh Gbn4Z hC3CqbYV3h h C6C
dhV3bYqbC.
LCqb S3JZ4 bCqá 3GdZbDYhr4 rb dbrhD4Díh. Q6hYr4 S4 V4GbYVé h r3CbñhZ OhVb Rv hñ4C, ZbjSbX34Yé
C4JZb C6C V4YqbY3r4C, C6 r3Cbñ4 s VóG4 3YqbDZhZ bS dZ4VbC4 rb bYCbñhYEh-hdZbYr3Ehnb. A4 Ob r3Cb-
ñhr4 V4Y 6Y C3CqbGh I6b Ob rbY4G3Yhr4 bY tres capas 4 niveles de complejidad. LS primer nivel bC
dhZh bS SbVq4Z «Zád3r4» s dhZh V6hYr4 Cb I63bZb rhZ 6Yh SbVq6Zh rb ZbdhC4, I6b Cb V4YC3D6b SbsbYr4
S4C qbXq4C rbCqhVhr4C (S4 3Gd4ZqhYqb I6b Ohs I6b ChJbZ), S4C d3bC rb ShC Y6GbZ4ChC 3GáDbYbC s S4C
d6Yq4C VShub. LCqb Y3ubS bCqá r3Cbñhr4 dhZh hdZbYrbZ S4 3GdZbCV3Yr3JSb rb j4ZGh C6V3Yqh. LS segundo
nivel 3YVS6sb Sh rbCVZ3dV3óY b 3YqbZdZbqhV3óY rb Vhrh 6Yh rb ShC GhY34JZhC I6b ObG4C CbSbVV34Yhr4,
I6b Cb 3YqbZZbShV34Yh V4Y Sh hJ6YrhYqb 3V4Y4DZhjíh. LS RbZ s B4 Y3ubSbC hd4ZqhY Sh 3Yj4ZGhV3óY I6b
dZbV3Ch bS SbVq4Z.
lrbGáC, bCqb S3JZ4 q3bYb 6Y bXqbYC4 tercer nivel C4S4 r3Cd4Y3JSb bY j4ZGhq4 bSbVqZóY3V4 s I6b bCqá
bCVZ3q4 dhZh bS I6b I63bZh dZ4j6Yr3EhZ bY hSDúY hCdbVq4 I6b Sb SShGb Sh hqbYV3óY 4 qbYDh 3YqbZéC
bY hrI63Z3Z 6Y V4Y4V3G3bYq4 GáC dZ4j6Yr4, hS I6b Cb hVVbrb hS hJZ3Z V6hSI63bZh rb S4C GúSq3dSbC
bYShVbC I6b ChSd3VhY bS qbXq4. LCqb qbZVbZ Y3ubS, C3 bCq6u3bCb ZbjSbnhr4 bY bS S3JZ4 3GdZbC4, C6d4YrZíh
r6dS3VhZ C6 bXqbYC3óY.
LCqh 4JZh Cb d6JS3Vh bY S4C r4C j4ZGhq4C, bS VSáC3V4 3GdZbC4 s bS bSbVqZóY3V4. P4r4 C6 V4YqbY3r4 Cb
d6brb V4YC6SqhZ bY j4ZGhq4 bSbVqZóY3V4 (S4C qZbC Y3ubSbC rb V4GdSbn3rhr), V4Y ShC 3YY6GbZhJSbC ubY-
qhnhC I6b V4YSSbuh dhZh bS SbVq4Z, dbZ4 qhGJ3éY bCqá bS S3JZ4 bY dhdbS (R bZ s B4 Y3ubSbC), dhZh hI6bSS4C
h S4C I6b Y4C D6Cqh SbbZ s V4YC6SqhZ bS S3JZ4 V4YubYV34YhS.
LY bCqb S3JZ4, Sh 3V4Y4DZhjíh bC dbZC4YhS b 3YV4Zd4Zh 3GáDbYbC bY ShC I6b d3Yq4 Sh hYhq4Gíh rb
C6dbZj3V3b dhZh hs6rhZ hS SbVq4Z h 3rbYq3j3VhZ ShC bCqZ6Vq6ZhC h qZhuéC rb Sh dhSdhV3óY. Q4GbYVé h
6q3S3EhZ bCqb ZbV6ZC4 r4VbYqb 3Yq63q3uhGbYqb OhVb 7v hñ4C, V6hYr4 Gb dbZVhqé rb I6b S4 I6b dhZh
Gí V4G4 dZ4jbC4Z bZh bu3rbYqb (3rbYq3j3VhZ ShC bCqZ6Vq6ZhC rb Ghs4Z 3YqbZéC dhZh C6 dhSdhV3óY), h
G3C hS6GY4C SbC C6d4Yíh 6Yh Y4qhJSb r3j3V6Sqhr. W63 V4YCV3bYqb rb I6b G3C hS6GY4C Y4 S4 «ubíhY», s
V4GbYVé h d3YqhZ bY G3C VShCbC rb OhJ3S3rhrbC. 0bCrb bYq4YVbC, V6hYr4 u4s h bYCbñhZ Sh dhSdhV3óY
bY G3C VShCbC rb OhJ3S3rhrbC, C3bGdZb d3Yq4 Sh hYhq4Gíh rb C6dbZj3V3b, s G3 bXdbZ3bYV3h V4Yj3ZGh I6b
G3C hS6GY4C 3rbYq3j3VhY Gbn4Z ShC bCqZ6Vq6ZhC I6b OhY rb dhSdhZ.
N63bZ4 G4CqZhZ G3 hDZhrbV3G3bYq4 h S4C V4h6q4ZbC I6b OhY VZbír4 bY bCqh 4JZh s OhY qZhJhnhr4
d4Z s dhZh bCqb Manual, d4ZI6b C6C hd4ZqhV34YbC OhY Gbn4Zhr4 CbYC3JSbGbYqb G3 3rbh 3Y3V3hS s OhY
bYZ3I6bV3r4 C6C Vhdíq6S4C, bY hSD6Y4C VhC4C V4Y 3V4Y4DZhjíh dbZC4YhS.
tqZ4 hCdbVq4 rbCqhVhr4 rb bCqb S3JZ4 C4Y C6C GáC rb Tvvuírb4C r4VbYqbC –3YC3Cq4 bY S4 rb r4VbY-
qbC– C4JZb Sh C3CqbGáq3Vh rb bXdS4ZhV3óY s Sh 3YqbZdZbqhV3óY rb Sh Ghs4Zíh rb ShC GhY34JZhC VSíY3VhC,
I6b V4YC3rbZhG4C CbZáY rb DZhY hs6rh hS SbVq4Z dhZh hdZbYrbZ s V4GdZbYrbZ ShC r3Cq3YqhC GhY34-
JZhC bXdS4Zhq4Z3hC. LC bu3rbYqb I6b Sh bYCbñhYEh dbZC4YhS bC 3YC6Cq3q63JSb, dbZ4 r3Cd4YbZ rb 6Y4C
J6bY4C uírb4C ZbhS3Ehr4C dhZh «bYCbñhZ» jhV3S3qhZá bS I6b Y6bCqZ4C SbVq4ZbC «hdZbYrhY». lrbGáC,
Cb 3YVS6sb 4qZ4 VbYqbYhZ rb uírb4C rb dhV3bYqbC V4Y GhY34JZhC d4C3q3uhC I6b OhY qbY3r4 Sh DbYbZ4-
C3rhr rb rbnhZCb DZhJhZ dhZh Sh Gbn4Z j4ZGhV3óY rb S4C j6q6Z4C Gér3V4C s dZ4jbC34YhSbC rb Sh ChS6r.
Q4YC3rbZ4 I6b bCqb bC 6Y hdhZqhr4 rb refuerzo rb Sh bYCbñhYEh.
N63bZ4 rhZ ShC DZhV3hC qhGJ3éY h G3C G6VO4C hS6GY4C I6b hSqZ63CqhGbYqb OhY d4Chr4 V4Y 3Yj3Y3qh
dhV3bYV3h dhZh I6b Sh 4JZh j6bZh GáC u3C6hS, S4 I6b Gb Oh dbZG3q3r4 4JqbYbZ 3GáDbYbC I6b jhV3S3qhY
Sh V4GdZbC3óY rb ShC r3Cq3YqhC dhq4S4DíhC; s I63bZ4 rbCqhVhZ VóG4 Cb OhY d6bCq4 bY bS dhdbS rbS dh-
V3bYqb dhZh qZhYCG3q3Z bCdbVqhV6ShZGbYqb bY S4C uírb4C bS V6hrZ4 VSíY3V4 I6b I6bZbG4C dZbCbYqhZ s
V6s4 V4Y4V3G3bYq4 rbCbhG4C Zbj4ZEhZ.
ab rb dbr3Z r3CV6SdhC d4Z S4C bZZ4ZbC I6b CbD6Z4 OhJZá, d4C3JSbGbYqb 3Ybu3qhJSbC bY 6Yh 4JZh V4Y
bCqh V4GdSbn3rhr, I6b q3bYb GáC rb R.evv j4q4DZhjíhC s GáC rb mvv uírb4C, dbZ4 dhZh Sh I6b ObG4C
DZhJhr4 GáC rb B.vvv. ibD6Z4 I6b, V4Y C6C V4GbYqhZ34C s C6DbZbYV3hC, S4C 3ZbG4C C6JChYhYr4 s
Gbn4ZhYr4 bY j6q6ZhC br3V34YbC.
0bJ4 G4CqZhZ G3 hDZhrbV3G3bYq4 h ShC dbZC4YhC I6b Gb OhY bYCbñhr4, hI6bSShC I6b rb ubZrhr
OhY 3YjS63r4 bY G3 hdZbYr3Ehnb s bY G3 j4ZGh rb bYqbYrbZ Sh Gbr3V3Yh. N63bZ4 rbCqhVhZ hI6í h WZhY-
V3CV4 MbSrh, G3 hG3D4 KhV4, qZh6GhqóS4D4 rbS hYq3D64 O4Cd3qhS ihYqh w4Ch rb A3Gh, rb A4ZVh, I6b
Gb hV4D3ó V6hYr4 s4 3Jh h 3Y3V3hZ G3C bCq6r34C rb Gbr3V3Yh V4Y Rp hñ4C s I6b Gb «hD6hYqhJh» q4r4C
S4C ubZhY4C, qZhC qbZG3YhZ G3 V6ZC4 rb Gbr3V3Yh, dhZh OhVbZ dZáVq3VhC u4S6YqhZ3hC rb qZh6Ghq4S4Díh
V4Y éS, d4ZI6b Gb bYCbñó G6VO4 s J3bY, n6Yq4 h C6 nbjb, bS 0Z. lYrZéC 83Vq4Z3h †, hS I6b C3bGdZb hr-
G3Zé d4Z C6 C3CqbGáq3Vh rb qZhJhn4 bY 6Y hGJ3bYqb Yhrh dZ4d3V34 dhZh bSS4. i3Y r6rh, Sh dbZC4Yh I6b
 PREFACIO XV

GáC Gb Oh 3YjS63r4 Oh C3r4 bS KZ4j. 0. o4Cé A63C 83SShZZbhS† , G3 I6bZ3r4 dZ4jbC4Z, d4ZI6b C6 j4ZGh
ZbjSbX3uh rb qZhqhZ h C6C dhV3bYqbC s rb hYhS3EhZ Vhrh VhC4 V4Y DZhY dZ4j6Yr3rhr, hCí V4G4 C6 DZhY
VhZ3ñ4 s dZb4V6dhV3óY d4Z C6C dhV3bYqbC s C6 hjbVq4 OhV3h q4r4C S4C V4GdhñbZ4C, rbCqhVhYr4 C3bG-
dZb S4 J6bY4 rb Vhrh 6Y4 rb C6C r3CVíd6S4C s V4GdhñbZ4C, C3Y r6rh GhZVó G3 j4ZGh rb bYqbYrbZ
s bnbZVbZ Sh Gbr3V3Yh. x6VO4C 4qZ4C V4GdhñbZ4C Gér3V4C Gb OhY bYCbñhr4 G6VOhC V4ChC, V4G4
xhY4S4 QShubS, K3ShZ lYrúnhZ, 9bZhZr4 9hZVéC, Kbdb QbYqbYbZh, ÁYDbS w4rZíD6bE lSbGáY, lD6CqíY
9óGbE, o6hY f4DhSbC, lYq4Y34 KhCq4Z, 83VbYqb WbZZbZ, o4Cé whGóY lSubZ4… l q4r4C I63bZ4 rhZ ShC
DZhV3hC, s I63bZ4 I6b C3bYqhY I6b dhZqb rb S4 I6b Gb bYCbñhZ4Y bCqá ZbjSbnhr4 bY bCqh 4JZh.
5Yh dbZC4Yh VShub bY bCqh 4JZh bC G3 J6bY hG3D4 o4Cé xª lZZ3JhC, I6b C3bGdZb VZbsó bY Gí s
V4Yqó V4YG3D4 bY C6C S3JZ4C s I6b, DZhV3hC h C6 V4YubYV3G3bYq4 s jb bY bCqh 4JZh s bY G3 j4ZGh rb
bYCbñhZ, j6b VShub dhZh bS dZ4sbVq4 V4Y Lr3q4Z3hS xér3Vh KhYhGbZ3VhYh.
l G3C dhV3bYqbC (I6b Y4 VS3bYqbC Y3 6C6hZ34C) SbC rbJ4 DZhY dhZqb rb S4 I6b C4s. Q4Y bSS4C Ob VZb-
V3r4 V4G4 Gér3V4 s bCdbV3hS3Cqh. Ah DZhY Ghs4Zíh hV6rbY V4Y bCdbZhYEh, dbZ4 C4JZb q4r4 V4Y 6Yh
DZhY V4Yj3hYEh bY q6 OhVbZ dZ4jbC34YhS, s bC4 C6d4Yb 6Yh 3Yr6rhJSb Chq3CjhVV3óY, dbZ4 qhGJ3éY 6Yh
ZbCd4YChJ3S3rhr hñhr3rh, d4ZI6b Y4 d6brbC rbjZh6rhZ Sh V4Yj3hYEh I6b q3bYbY rbd4C3qhrh bY q3.
N63bZ4 G4CqZhZ G3 hDZhrbV3G3bYq4 h G3C hS6GY4C, I6b Gb OhY C4d4Zqhr4 rbCrb OhVb sh G6VO4C
hñ4C. LSS4C Gb OhY bYCbñhr4 h «bYCbñhZ Gbn4Z», h dbZjbVV34YhZ G3 Géq4r4 r4VbYqb (método de
aprendizaje basado en las competencias básicas profesionales) dhZh 4dq3G3EhZ C6 hdZbYr3Ehnb. i6C V4-
GbYqhZ34C V6ZC4 qZhC V6ZC4 Gb OhY dbZG3q3r4 Gbn4ZhZ G3 Géq4r4 r4VbYqb V4Y bS 3rbhS rb I6b CbhY
Gbn4ZbC dZ4jbC34YhSbC s I6b «G3ZbY d4Z s dhZh bS dhV3bYqb».
l G3C r3CVíd6S4C, d4ZI6b qZb3Yqh hñ4C 3YubCq3DhYr4 s r3Z3D3bYr4 uhZ3hC rbVbYhC rb qbC3C r4Vq4ZhSbC
Gb OhY dbZG3q3r4 V4Y4VbZ h DZhYrbC dbZC4YhC b 3YubCq3Dhr4ZbC, S4 I6b Gb Oh bYZ3I6bV3r4 s Gb Oh
dbZG3q3r4 r3CjZ6qhZ hdZbYr3bYr4 V4Y Vhrh 6Y4 rb S4C r3ubZC4C qbGhC rb 3YubCq3DhV3óY I6b ObG4C
qZhJhnhr4 n6Yq4C.
l G3 jhG3S3h, d4Z C4d4ZqhZ G3C 3rbhSbC rb qZhYCG3q3Z S4 I6b Cé s d4Z hVbdqhZ, hC6G3Z b 3YVS6C4 hSbY-
qhZGb dhZh I6b rbr3VhCb DZhY dhZqb rb G3 q3bGd4 s rbS C6s4 h bCqb dZ4sbVq4 rb u3rh.
N63bZ4 qbZG3YhZ rhYr4 ShC DZhV3hC h Lr3q4Z3hS xér3Vh KhYhGbZ3VhYh d4Z VZbbZ bY Gí s bY bCqb J4-
Y3q4 dZ4sbVq4 s d4YbZ h G3 r3Cd4C3V3óY C6 r3Shqhrh bXdbZ3bYV3h, C6 dbZC4YhS, V4Y4V3G3bYq4C, b 3YVS6C4
VhZ3ñ4, bY bCqh 4JZh.
LCdbZ4 I6b r3CjZ6qbY hdZbYr3bYr4 s hdZbYrhY r3CjZ6qhYr4 V4Y bCqh 4JZh, s I6b 3YV4Zd4ZbY h C6
I6bOhVbZ r3hZ34 Sh C3CqbGáq3Vh bXdS4ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh. Q4Y bCh 3S6C3óY Oh C3r4 V4YVbJ3rh.

Fernando santonja Medina

Presentación de la obra

EL PORQUÉ DE ESTE LIBRO

LCqh 4JZh YhVb rb Sh dZb4V6dhV3óY d4Z bS VZbV3bYqb rbC6C4 rb Sh bXdS4ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh, CbD6ZhGbYqb
d4Z Sh VZbbYV3h rb I6b Sh dbq3V3óY rb bXdS4ZhV34YbC V4GdSbGbYqhZ3hC dZ4d4ZV34YhZá bS hrbV6hr4
r3hDYóCq3V4. A4C Gér3V4C I6b hCí hVqúhY dhZbVbY Y4 CbZ V4YCV3bYqbC rb I6b bCqb dZ4VbrbZ bSbuh bS
DhCq4 ChY3qhZ34, ZbqZhCh bS r3hDYóCq3V4, 3YVZbGbYqh S4C q3bGd4C rb Jhnh ShJ4ZhS, VZbh rbChC4C3bD4 s
jhV3S3qh Sh jhSqh rb V4Yj3hYEh rbS dhV3bYqb bY bS Gér3V4. K4Z bS V4YqZhZ34, 6Yh hrbV6hrh bXdS4ZhV3óY
VSíY3Vh dbZG3qb hVbZVhZY4C hS V4ZZbVq4 r3hDYóCq3V4 bY 6Y bSbuhr4 d4ZVbYqhnb rb S4C VhC4C, bu3qhYr4
4 Zbr6V3bYr4 ShC dbq3V34YbC rb bXdS4ZhV34YbC V4GdSbGbYqhZ3hC s jhV3S3qhYr4 C6 V4ZZbVqh 3YqbZdZbqh-
V3óY bY G6VO4C rb S4C dhV3bYqbC I6b Y4C V4YC6SqbY. LXdS4ZhZ hS dhV3bYqb qhGJ3éY Gbn4Zh Sh ZbShV3óY
Gér3V4-dhV3bYqb s, S4 I6b bC G6s 3Gd4ZqhYqb, 3YVZbGbYqh Sh V4Yj3hYEh rbS dhV3bYqb bY «C6» Gér3V4.
LY bCqh 4JZh Cb 3YC3Cqb bY I6b Sh bXdS4ZhV3óY Cb ZbhS3Vb C3bGdZb rb j4ZGh sistemática, s S4C BB Vh-
díq6S4C I6b Sh V4Yj4ZGhY Cb OhY bCqZ6Vq6Zhr4 C3D63bYr4 bCqb dZ3YV3d34. Q6hYr4 Cb bXdS4Zh rb j4ZGh
hYáZI63Vh Cb Y4qh bY Sh O3Cq4Z3h VSíY3Vh, sh I6b bCqá rbC4ZrbYhrh s jhSqhY rhq4C (h ubVbC rbGhC3hr4C),
S4 I6b qZhr6Vb I6b Y4 Cb Oh J6CVhr4 bCqhJSbVbZ bS r3hDYóCq3V4 VSíY3V4 Gbr3hYqb Sh CbG34S4Díh. LY
4qZhC 4VhC34YbC, ubG4C O3Cq4Z3hC VSíY3VhC bY ShC I6b V4YCqhY S4C hdhZqhr4C rb r3hDYóCq3V4 s rb qZh-
qhG3bYq4, dbZ4 bS rb Sh bXdS4ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh dbZGhYbVb C3Y ZbSSbYhZ.
LS J6bY bnbZV3V34 rb Sh Gbr3V3Yh bX3Db OhVbZ 6Yh V4ZZbVqh anamnesis. ahs I6b J6CVhZ bS bI63S3-
JZ34 bYqZb 6Yh hYhGYbC3C G6s V4GdSbqh, I6b hd4Zqb G6VOh 3Yj4ZGhV3óY dbZ4 I6b dZbV3Ch G6VO4
q3bGd4 dhZh ZbhS3EhZSh, s 6Yh hYhGYbC3C GbY4C V4GdSbqh dbZ4 V4Y ShC dZbD6YqhC ZbSbuhYqbC dhZh bS
r3hDYóCq3V4.
LY G3 bXdbZ3bYV3h, V6hYr4 6Y dhV3bYqb V4YC6Sqh d4Z «hSD3hC» (4GhSD3h, D4YhSD3h, V4XhSD3h, VbZu3-
VhSD3h…), ShC dZbD6YqhC ZbSbuhYqbC C4Y ShC C3D63bYqbC:

• ¿Desde cuándo le duele? LC 3YqbZbChYqb hV4qhZ 6Y ZhYD4 rb q3bGd4. ahs I6b bu3qhZ V4Yj4ZGhZCb
V4Y ZbCd6bCqhC V4G4 «rbCrb OhVb G6VO4», sh I6b Sh 3YqbZdZbqhV3óY bC r3Cq3Yqh bYqZb dbZC4YhC,
d6r3bYr4 CbZ CbGhYhC, GbCbC 4 hñ4C. ahs I6b 3YC3Cq3Z hS dhV3bYqb dhZh I6b bXd4YDh 6Y q3bGd4
hdZ4X3Ghr4.
• ¿Cómo comenzaron sus síntomas? lI6í d6brbY C6VbrbZ r4C V4ChC: I6b S4 ZbV6bZrbY, S4 I6b bC
qíd3V4 rb D4SdbC, VhírhC s C4JZbbCj6bZE4C, 4 I6b Y4 ZbV6bZrbY Yhrh. LY bCqb CbD6Yr4 DZ6d4 Ohs
dhV3bYqbC bY S4C I6b C6C CíYq4GhC Cb OhY 3Y3V3hr4 rb j4ZGh dZ4DZbC3uh, d4Z S4 I6b Y4 C4Y VhdhVbC
rb hVOhVhZS4C h Yhrh V4YVZbq4; rbYqZ4 rb bCqb DZ6d4 bCqáY S4C I6b «C6d4YbY» bS 4Z3DbY rb C6C
CíYq4GhC s V6bYqhY I6b Y4 OhY 3rbYq3j3Vhr4 Y3YD6Yh Vh6Ch, dbZ4 I6b hS ZbjSbX34YhZ VZbbY I6b Cb
rbJbY h 6Yh rbqbZG3Yhrh hVq3u3rhr I6b ZbShqhY.
• ¿Con qué se agrava? LCqh dZbD6Yqh Y4C 3Yj4ZGh rb C3 Sh bCqZ6Vq6Zh rhñhrh s ZbCd4YChJSb rbS
r4S4Z bC 6Y bSbGbYq4 «hVq3u4» dhZh bS G4u3G3bYq4 (V4G4 6Y qbYróY 4 6Y GúCV6S4, I6b Cb VhZhV-
qbZ3EhY d4ZI6b el dolor aparece al contraer y realizar el movimiento de forma activa); C3 bC 6Yh bC-
qZ6Vq6Zh «dhC3uh», V4G4 S4C S3DhGbYq4C 4 Sh VádC6Sh, I6b r6bSbY C4JZb q4r4 hS bCq3ZhZS4C, 4 C3, d4Z
bS V4YqZhZ34, bS r4S4Z bC rb q3d4 3YjShGhq4Z34 (r6bSb GáC V4Y bS Zbd4C4 4 d4Z Sh Y4VOb) 4 hZqZóC3V4.
• ¿Con qué mejora? HYqbZbCh ChJbZ C3 bS r4S4Z Gbn4Zh V4Y bS Zbd4C4 4 J3bY V4Y bS G4u3G3bYq4. LY
hSD6Y4C dhV3bYqbC bS r4S4Z Gbn4ZhZá V4Y Sh 3YG4u3S3EhV3óY (3Yj4ZGh rb SbC3óY rb 6Yh bCqZ6Vq6Zh rb
C4CqéY, V4G4 bS O6bC4, bS qbYróY 4 ShC bCqZ6Vq6ZhC VhdC6S4S3DhGbYq4ChC).
XVII
XVIII MANUAL DE EXPLORACIÓN MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA

Q6hYr4 6Yh r4SbYV3h SSbuh q3bGd4 rb bu4S6V3óY, bC 3Gd4ZqhYqb dZbD6YqhZ d4Z S4C tratamientos
realizados s C6 ZbCd6bCqh h qZhqhG3bYq4C V4G4 bS jhZGhV4SóD3V4, bS Zbd4C4, Sh 3YG4u3S3EhV3óY, Sh 3Yj3S-
qZhV3óY, Sh ZbOhJ3S3qhV3óY 4 Sh V3Z6Díh.
l V4Yq3Y6hV3óY, Ohs I6b dZ4VbrbZ h explorar hS dhV3bYqb, rbJ3bYr4 V4GbYEhZ d4Z Sh 3YCdbVV3óY,
CbD63rh rb Sh dhSdhV3óY, Sh G4u3S3rhr s ShC GhY34JZhC bCdbV3hSbC.

• Inspección. ah rb ZbhS3EhZCb 3Yu3qhYr4 hS dhV3bYqb h I6b Cb I63qb Sh Z4dh rb Sh ZbD3óY I6b Cb uh h

bXdS4ZhZ (Sh VhrbZh Cb bXdS4Zh C3Y dhYqhS4YbC; Sh Z4r3SSh s bS q4J3SS4 V4Y dhYqhS4YbC V4Zq4C; Sh S6G-
JhSD3h bY Z4dh 3YqbZ34Z, bqV.). LC 3GdZbCV3Yr3JSb ubZ Sh ZbD3óY s C6 ubV3Yrhr, dhZh rbCVhZqhZ V3VhqZ3-
VbC, hqZ4j3hC 4 rbj4ZG3rhrbC s d4rbZ hdZbV3hZ C3 Cb dZ4r6VbY G4u3G3bYq4C V4GdbYChq4Z34C 4 C3 Cb
hr4dqhY d4Cq6ZhC hYq3áSD3VhC. ib Oh rb hY4qhZ S4 I6b Cb ubh: hVq3q6rbC, V4YqZhVq6ZhC, hC3GbqZíhC,
rbCY3ubSbC, V3VhqZ3VbC, GhYVOhC… 5Y bnbGdS4 rb hVq3q6rbC CbZíh Sh hYqbd6SC3óY rb Sh VhJbEh bY 6Yh
O3dbZV3j4C3C r4ZChS 4 bS rbCbI63S3JZ34 rbS qZ4YV4 bY 6Yh S6GJhSD3h. LnbGdS4C rb hC3GbqZíh CbZíhY
6Y VhGJ34 bY Sh j4ZGh rbS qhSSb, 6Yh q6GbjhVV3óY rb bXqZbG3rhrbC 3YjbZ34ZbC 4 6Yh hqZ4j3h rb 6Yh
dhZqb rbS V6bZd4.
• Palpación. i6bSb CbZ Sh «4Su3rhrh» V4Y rbGhC3hrh jZbV6bYV3h, 3DY4ZhYr4 I6b 3rbYq3j3VhZ Sh bC-
qZ6Vq6Zh I6b dZ4u4Vh bS r4S4Z hd4Zqh bS r3hDYóCq3V4 bY VhC3 Sh G3qhr rb ShC hSD3hC C3Y bXdZbC3óY
bY ShC bXdS4ZhV34YbC V4GdSbGbYqhZ3hC. KhZh 6Yh V4ZZbVqh dhSdhV3óY Cb dZbV3Ch 6Y V4Y4V3G3bYq4
C4GbZ4 rb Sh hYhq4Gíh. ahs I6b V4Y4VbZ róYrb bCqáY S4C qbYr4YbC, ShC 3YqbZSíYbhC hZq3V6ShZbC, S4C
O6bC4C, S4C GúCV6S4C s S4C S3DhGbYq4C I6b Cb SbC34YhY V4Y GáC jZbV6bYV3h.
• Movilidad. K6brb CbZ hVq3uh (Sh ZbhS3Eh bS dhV3bYqb), dhC3uh (Sh ZbhS3Eh bS Gér3V4) 4 V4YqZh Zb-
C3CqbYV3h (4d4YbG4C j6bZEh hS G4u3G3bYq4 hVq3u4). A4 Y4ZGhS bC bXdS4ZhZ Sh G4u3S3rhr activa, s
V6hYr4 bCqé S3G3qhrh rbJb V6hYq3j3VhZCb (Gbr3Z V4Y D4Y3óGbqZ4 4 V4Y 3YVS3YóGbqZ4) s rbCd6éC
Zbdbq3Z Sh bXdS4ZhV3óY rb j4ZGh dhC3uh. Ah G4u3S3rhr dhC3uh VShZhGbYqb Ghs4Z I6b Sh hVq3uh 3Yr3Vh
6Y jhSS4 rb ShC bCqZ6Vq6ZhC I6b ZbhS3EhY bS G4u3G3bYq4 (qbYróY, GúCV6S4 4 YbZu34C); Sh S3G3qhV3óY
rbS G4u3G3bYq4 C3G3ShZ bY Sh G4u3S3rhr dhC3uh I6b bY Sh hVq3uh C6D3bZb I6b d6brb CbZ rbJ3rh h
6Y q4db hZq3V6ShZ (óCb4 bY VhC4 rb 6Yh jZhVq6Zh GhS V4YC4S3rhrh, 4 hZqZ4C3C G6s bu4S6V34Yhrh 4
VhdC6ShZ rbJ3rh h Z3D3rbE hZq3V6ShZ).
• Maniobras especiales. LS r4S4Z G6CV6ShZ 4 qbYr3Y4C4 s Sh j6bZEh rb 6Y GúCV6S4 Cb bXdS4ZhY Gb-
r3hYqb ShC GhY34JZhC V4YqZh ZbC3CqbYV3h, d4Z S4 I6b C4S4 ShC ZbhS3EhZbG4C V6hYr4 C4CdbVObG4C
bCqhC bq34S4DíhC. i3 Y6bCqZh C4CdbVOh r3hDYóCq3Vh S4 dZbV3Ch, dZ4VbrbZbG4C h ZbhS3EhZ maniobras
especiales. lCí, V6hYr4 bX3Cqh q6GbjhVV3óY hZq3V6ShZ Cb bXdS4Zh Sh dZbCbYV3h rb SíI63r4 bY Sh hZq3-
V6ShV3óY (bY Sh Z4r3SSh Gbr3hYqb Sh GhY34JZh rbS VO4I6b 4 dbS4qb4 Z4q6S3hY4). i3 bCqhG4C hYqb 6Y
dhV3bYqb I6b Zbj3bZb D3Z4 JZ6CV4 V6hYr4 bCqhJh bY V6VS3SShC s rbCrb bYq4YVbC dZbCbYqh r4S4Z bY Sh
3YqbZSíYbh rb Sh Z4r3SSh V4Y O3YVOhEóY Sbub rb Sh Z4r3SSh s r4S4Z C4JZb q4r4 hS d4YbZCb bY V6VS3SShC,
ObG4C rb ZbhS3EhZ ShC GhY34JZhC GbY3CVhSbC. i3 6Y dhV3bYqb Oh C6jZ3r4 6Y GbVhY3CG4 rb GhS
hd4s4 I6b Oh d6bCq4 h qbYC3óY 6Y S3DhGbYq4, Oh rb bXdS4ZhZCb Sh bCqhJ3S3rhr rb S4C S3DhGbYq4C. i3
Cb C4CdbVOh 6Y V4YjS3Vq4 (Z4EhG3bYq4 bYqZb r4C O6bC4C), ZbhS3EhZbG4C GhY34JZhC rb Z4EhG3bYq4
4 rb V4GdZbC3óY.

lCí d6bC, qZhC qbZG3YhZ Sh bXdS4ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh Cb rbJb bCqhJSbVbZ Sh sospecha diagnóstica, I6b
Oh rb bCqhZ JhChrh bY S4C OhSShED4C rb Sh hYhGYbC3C s rb Sh bXdS4ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh, O6sbYr4 rb S4C
r3hDYóCq3V4C 3Yq63q3u4C. PZhC bCqb dZ4VbrbZ, rbV3r3ZbG4C C3 bC YbVbChZ34 C4S3V3qhZ bXdS4ZhV34YbC
V4GdSbGbYqhZ3hC s I6é bXdS4ZhV3óY bC Sh GáC hrbV6hrh 4 dZ4VbrbZ h 3YCqh6ZhZ bS qZhqhG3bYq4 GáC
4d4Zq6Y4.
LCqb S3JZ4 3YqbYqh jhV3S3qhZ Sh C4CdbVOh r3hDYóCq3Vh h qZhuéC rb Sh hrbV6hrh hYhGYbC3C s Sh bXdS4-
ZhV3óY VSíY3Vh C3CqbGáq3Vh, Zbr6V3bYr4 Sh C4S3V3q6r rb bXdS4ZhV34YbC V4GdSbGbYqhZ3hC I6b bGdíZ3Vh-
GbYqb Y4 hd4ZqhZáY Yhrh hS r3hDYóCq3V4, dbZ4 S4 ZbqZhChZíhY s bYVhZbVbZíhY, V4Y S4 I6b Cb Gbn4ZhZá
Y4qhJSbGbYqb Sh ZbShV3óY Gér3V4-dhV3bYqb, Cb Zbr6V3Zá bS DhCq4 ChY3qhZ34 hCí V4G4 bS q3bGd4 dhZh
3YCqh6ZhZ 6Y hrbV6hr4 r3hDYóCq3V4, s Cb 3YVZbGbYqhZá Y6bCqZh Chq3CjhVV3óY dZ4jbC34YhS.

SUS PARTICULARIDADES
i4Y uhZ3hC ShC dhZq3V6ShZ3rhrbC rb bCqb S3JZ4.

Diseño por niveles de complejidad

5Yh dhZq3V6ShZ3rhr bC bS diseño por niveles de complejidad. KhZq4 rb Sh O3dóqbC3C rb I6b bX3CqbY qZbC
q3d4C rb SbVq6ZhC I6b d4rbG4C bjbVq6hZ bY r3jbZbYqbC C3q6hV34YbC: Sh SbVq6Zh rápida (R bZ Y3ubS), dhZh
 PRESENTACIÓN DE LA OBRA XIX

rbV3r3Z I6é OhVbZ bY d4V4C G3Y6q4C hYqb 6Y dhV3bYqb, hYqb 6Yh r6rh 4 d4Z ZbdhC4; Sh SbVq6Zh con-
vencional (Bº Y3ubS), dhZh hdZbYrbZ Sh CbG34S4Díh rb 6Yh hZq3V6ShV3óY, s Sh SbVq6Zh profunda (7 bZ Y3ubS),
V6hYr4 qbYbG4C YbVbC3rhr rb hGdS3hZ 6Yh rbqbZG3Yhrh 3Yj4ZGhV3óY.
Ah CbSbVV3óY rb S4 I6b Oh rb 3Z bY Vhrh Y3ubS Y4 bC jáV3S s Oh C6d6bCq4 6Y Zbq4 dhZh q4r4C S4C h6-
q4ZbC, dbZ4 Ob V4YC3rbZhr4 I6b d6brb CbZ rb DZhY hs6rh hS SbVq4Z dhZh j3nhZ Sh 3Yj4ZGhV3óY rb Ghs4Z
ZbSbuhYV3h, s bC d4C3JSb I6b Cbh húY rb Ghs4Z 6q3S3rhr bY ShC CbD6YrhC SbVq6ZhC 4 ZbSbVq6ZhC. LCqb
S3JZ4 S4 Ob r3Cbñhr4 V4G4 Gb D6CqhZíh SbbZ s bCq6r3hZ 6Y S3JZ4.

• LS primer nivel 4 nivel rápido S4 Ob r3Cbñhr4 dhZh I6b, V4Y C4S4 SbbZ S4C 4Jnbq3u4C, S4C qbXq4C
rbCqhVhr4C s S4C rbCVZ3dq3u4C d3bC rb j3D6ZhC rb C6 hJ6YrhYqb 3V4Y4DZhjíh, hCí V4G4 dZbCqhYr4
hqbYV3óY h S4C d6Yq4C VShub, bY d4V4C G3Y6q4C bS SbVq4Z Cb OhDh 6Yh 3rbh rb Sh 3Yj4ZGhV3óY GáC
3Gd4ZqhYqb I6b Oh rb dZbD6YqhZ s S4 I6b rbJb OhVbZ. i4S4 V4Y bCq4 sh d4rZbG4C 4Z3bYqhZ Sh bX-
dS4ZhV3óY rb 6Y dhV3bYqb.



• LS segundo nivel 4 nivel convencional bCqá bCVZ3q4 Jhn4 bS dZ3CGh rb Sh CbSbVV3óY rb ShC GhY34-
JZhC I6b, bY Y6bCqZh bXdbZ3bYV3h b 3YubCq3DhV34YbC s qZhC bS bCq6r34 rb Sh J3JS34DZhjíh, C4Y rb
Ghs4Z 6q3S3rhr dhZh bS VSíY3V4. ib ZbhS3Eh 6Yh rbCVZ3dV3óY rb Vhrh GhY34JZh V4Y Sh C3CqbGáq3Vh
VSáC3Vh rb 3YCdbVV3óY, dhSdhV3óY, G4u3S3rhr s GhY34JZhC bCdbV3hSbC. LCqh Vhdh 4 Y3ubS V4Yq3bYb
6Yh G6s hJ6YrhYqb 3V4Y4DZhjíh 4Z3D3YhS bY V4S4Z rb Sh DZhY Ghs4Zíh rb ShC GhY34JZhC bXdS3VhrhC,
J6CVhYr4 jhV3S3qhZ Sh V4GdZbYC3óY rbS SbVq4Z. LY uhZ34C Vhdíq6S4C ObG4C dZ4d6bCq4 dh6qhC rb hV-
XX MANUAL DE EXPLORACIÓN MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA

q6hV3óY dhZh hqbYV3óY dZ3GhZ3h s dhZh hqbYV3óY bCdbV3hS3Ehrh, J6CVhYr4 Sh Gbn4Z ZbShV3óY bYqZb Sh
dZ4JhJ3S3rhr rb r3hDY4Cq3VhZ s bS q3bGd4 YbVbChZ34 dhZh bSS4.
• LS tercer nivel 4 nivel de profundización dZbqbYrb hGdS3hZ bS V4Y4V3G3bYq4. ld4Zqh 3Yj4ZGhV3óY
I6b C4S4 bCqá r3Cd4Y3JSb bY Sh ubZC3óY r3D3qhS. LCqh Vhdh Oh dbZG3q3r4 rbCVhZDhZ hS S3JZ4 3GdZbC4
rb 3Yj4ZGhV3óY I6b r3j3V6SqhZíh bS bYqbYr3G3bYq4 rb S4C d6Yq4C GáC JáC3V4C b 3Gd4ZqhYqbC s
OhZíh bXVbC3uhGbYqb bXqbYC4 Vhrh Vhdíq6S4, hS bXdS3VhZ Ghq3VbC, bXdbZ3bYV3hC, 3YubCq3DhV34YbC,
bqV. LY u4S6GbY, bCqb 7bZ Y3ubS C6d4Yb 6Yh bXqbYC3óY C6dbZ34Z h Sh rbS S3JZ4 3GdZbC4, dbZ4 V4Y
Sh DZhY ubYqhnh rb I6b Y4 bC 3GdZbCV3Yr3JSb dhZh bYqbYrbZ Sh CbG34S4Díh rb Vhrh Vhdíq6S4, C3Y4
I6b d6brbY V4YC6SqhZCb hCdbVq4C V4YVZbq4C CbDúY Y6bCqZhC rbGhYrhC rb 3Yj4ZGhV3óY bY Vhrh
G4GbYq4.
l bCqh Vhdh Cb hVVbrb h qZhuéC rb qZbC q3d4C rb ZbjbZbYV3hC: S4C contenidos complementarios
( CC), I6b V4ZZbCd4YrbY h hGdS3hV34YbC rb hCdbVq4C G6s V4YVZbq4C s rb d4Vh bXqbYC3óY s d6b-
rbY hV4GdhñhZCb rb 3V4Y4DZhjíh; S4C Recuadros, I6b hGdSíhY Sh 3Yj4ZGhV3óY rb V4YVbdq4C, VSh-
C3j3VhV34YbC 4 dhq4S4DíhC, dhZh jhV3S3qhZ Sh V4GdZbYC3óY rb S4 I6b 3YqbYqhG4C r3hDY4Cq3VhZ V4Y ShC
GhY34JZhC I6b Cb uhY h ZbhS3EhZ, s I6b C6bSbY hV4GdhñhZCb rb 6Y Y4qhJSb YúGbZ4 rb 3S6CqZhV34-
YbC dhZh jhV3S3qhZ C6 V4GdZbYC3óY, s d4Z úSq3G4 ShC e-figuras, I6b V4GdSbGbYqhY 3GáDbYbC I6b
hdhZbVbY bY bS S3JZ4 3GdZbC4 (RbZ Y3ubS) dhZh jhV3S3qhZ 6Yh Gbn4Z bYqbYr3G3bYq4 rb Sh GhY34JZh
I6b Cb bXd4Yb.





Iconografía

PZhC bS r3Cbñ4 d4Z VhdhC 4 Y3ubSbC rb V4GdSbn3rhr, Sh CbD6Yrh dhZq3V6ShZ3rhr Cb Zbj3bZb h Sh iconogra-
fía. LCqb S3JZ4 V4Yq3bYb VhC3 evvj4q4DZhjíhC bY bS j4ZGhq4 3GdZbC4 (RbZ s Bº Y3ubSbC) s GáC rb R.vvv bY
 PRESENTACIÓN DE LA OBRA XXI

bS 7bZ Y3ubS. AhC j4q4DZhjíhC bCqáY ZbhS3EhrhC Jhn4 6Y dZ3CGh r4VbYqb, V63rhYr4 C6 VhS3rhr s V4Y d3bC
rb j3D6ZhC hVShZhq4Z34C, dhZh I6b Cb d6brh bYqbYrbZ Sh GhY34JZh C3Y YbVbC3rhr rb SbbZ Sh 3Yj4ZGh-
V3óY I6b hdhZbVb bY bS Bº Y3ubS.

Vídeos
Ah qbZVbZh dhZq3V6ShZ3rhr C4Y S4C vídeos (  Vídeo). A4C VhC3 mmvuírb4C I6b hd4Zqh bCqh 4JZh dbZG3qbY
bXd4YbZ bS G4u3G3bYq4 bY Sh ZbhS3EhV3óY rb ShC GhY34JZhC rb bXdS4ZhV3óY C3Y ShC S3G3qhV34YbC 3YqZíY-
CbVhC h ShC j4q4DZhjíhC bCqáq3VhC. LY bCqh 4JZh Cb V4GJ3YhY uírb4C rb dhV3bYqbC V4Y GhY34JZhC d4C3-
q3uhC V4Y S4C ZbhS3Ehr4C V4Y G4rbS4C bY 6Y bCq6r34 dhZh bXdS3VhZ bS dZ4Vbr3G3bYq4 rb Vhrh GhY34JZh,
h S4C I6b Cb d6brb hVVbrbZ h qZhuéC rb 6Y Nw hS j3YhS rb Vhrh Vhdíq6S4. LC d4C3JSb I6b bS u4S6GbY rb
uírb4C rb bCqh 4JZh Cbh bS GáC Y6GbZ4C4 rb q4r4C S4C S3JZ4C rb CbG34S4Díh rbS hdhZhq4 S4V4G4q4Z
bX3CqbYqbC.

Didáctica
Ah V6hZqh dhZq3V6ShZ3rhr bC Sh didáctica. LCqb S3JZ4 bCqá r3Cbñhr4 dhZh jhV3S3qhZ bS hdZbYr3Ehnb. LY bCqb
CbYq3r4, rbCqhVhY ShC fotografías V4Y Sh hYhq4Gíh I6b Cb rbJb dhSdhZ, r3J6nhrh bY Sh d3bS dhZh jhV3S3qhZ
Sh 3rbYq3j3VhV3óY rb ShC bCqZ6Vq6ZhC GáC 3Gd4ZqhYqbC; S4C vídeos explicando la anatomía G3bYqZhC Sh
d3Yq4 C4JZb 6Y G4rbS4 dhZh jhV3S3qhZ C6 bYqbYr3G3bYq4; S4C uírb4C V4Y simulaciones dhZh jhV3S3qhZ Sh
V4GdZbYC3óY rbS 4Jnbq3u4 r3hDYóCq3V4 rb Sh GhY34JZh; bS d3Yqhr4 rb Sh bCqZ6Vq6Zh I6b Cb uh h bXdS4ZhZ
V4Y Sh GhY34JZh I6b Cb uh h buhS6hZ, hCí V4G4 S4C uírb4C DZhJhr4C V4Y 944DSb DShCC 4 LKitf® , I6b
j4ZGhY dhZqb rb 6Y dZ4sbVq4 br6Vhq3u4 dhZh I6b bS hS6GY4 4 bS SbVq4Z u3C6hS3Vb Sh bXdS4ZhV3óY qhS s
V4G4 Sh ubZíh C3 ZbhS3EhCb Sh GhY34JZh, S4 I6b hd4Zqh Ghs4Z ZbhS3CG4.

Autoevaluación
LY I63Yq4 S6DhZ V3qhZbG4C Sh Autoevaluación s Sh Autoevaluación con imagen, h Sh I6b Cb hVVbrb h qZh-
uéC rb O3dbZuíYV6S4C, dhZh hs6rhZ h j3nhZ S4C V4Y4V3G3bYq4C rb Ghs4Z 3YqbZéC VSíY3V4.
Q4G4 dhZh hdZbYrbZ Ohs I6b Zbdbq3Z s ZbjSbX34YhZ, ObG4C 3YV4Zd4Zhr4 Sh VSáC3Vh JhqbZíh rb dZb-
D6YqhC C3GdSbC, hDZ6dhrhC bY r4C 4 qZbC JS4I6bC bY Vhrh Vhdíq6S4. i3ZubY dhZh I6b bS SbVq4Z Cbh
V4YCV3bYqb, CbDúY huhYVb bY Sh SbVq6Zh rb Vhrh Vhdíq6S4, rb S4C hCdbVq4C rb Ghs4Z 3YqbZéC, dbZ4 qhG-
J3éY dhZh I6b Cb dbZVhqb rb S4 I6b Y4 ChJb, bY V6s4 VhC4 rbJbZíh Zbu3ChZ bS Vhdíq6S4 V4Y 6Yh Y6buh
SbVq6Zh. tqZ4 hCdbVq4 Y4ubr4C4 ZbC3rb bY Sh buhS6hV3óY j3YhS V4Y 3V4Y4DZhjíh, I6b J6CVh ZbV4ZrhZ S4
GáC rbCqhVhr4 s «j3nhZ» bS bYqbYr3G3bYq4 4 Sh V4GdZbYC3óY rb S4C hCdbVq4C GáC 3Gd4ZqhYqbC rb Vhrh
Vhdíq6S4. LY q4qhS C4Y GáC rb evv dZbD6YqhC dhZh jhV3S3qhZ bS hdZbYr3Ehnb, q4rhC V4Y C6 ZbCd6bCqh
ZhE4Yhrh.
XXII MANUAL DE EXPLORACIÓN MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA

5Yh I6bnh jZbV6bYqb qhYq4 rb Gér3V4C V4G4 rb bCq6r3hYqbC bC Sh Y4GbYVShq6Zh rb G6VOhC Gh-
Y34JZhC, dbZ4 S4C Y4GJZbC rb ShC GhY34JZhC NO rbJbY CbZ 6Yh bXV6Ch dhZh Y4 bXdS4ZhZ. Q4YC3rbZ4
I6b S4 3Gd4ZqhYqb bC ChJbZ bXdS4ZhZ b 3YqbZdZbqhZ ShC GhY34JZhC, h6YI6b Y4 ZbV4ZrbG4C C6C Y4G-
JZbC. LC dZbjbZ3JSb bXdS4ZhZ s hY4qhZ ShC GhY34JZhC V4Y Y4GJZbC GáC DbYéZ3V4C (d. bn., «GhY34JZh
rbS C6dZh +» [rb o4Jb] 4 J3bY «GhY34JZh rbS Z4EhG3bYq4 C6JhVZ4G3hS –» [rb ahgz3YC-fbbZ]) h I6b
Y4 Cb bXdS4Zb V4Y Sh bXV6Ch rb Y4 ZbV4ZrhZ VóG4 Cb SShGh.
LY rbj3Y3q3uh, bCqb bC 6Y S3JZ4 bCVZ3q4 dhZh bS SbVq4Z, dhZh I6b OhDh GáC hGbYh, bYqbYr3JSb s SóD3Vh
bCqh dhZqb qhY 3Gd4ZqhYqb rb Sh Gbr3V3Yh I6b bC Sh CbG34S4Díh, s dhZh I6b Sb hY3Gb h 6q3S3EhZSh bY C6
ríh h ríh.
Q4Y bCqh 3S6C3óY s bCdbZhYEh Oh C3r4 V4YVbJ3r4 s bCVZ3q4 bCqb Manual.

Fernando santonja Medina

Agradecimientos

Q4G4 r3Vb Y6bCqZ4 ChJ34 ZbjZhYbZ4 bCdhñ4S, es de bien nacido ser agradecido, s u4s h 3YqbYqhZ rhZ ShC
DZhV3hC h G6VOhC rb ShC dbZC4YhC I6b Gb OhY hs6rhr4 bY bCqh 4JZh.
l G3 bCd4Ch ihZh, G3 dZ3GbZh G4rbS4, I6b Cb rbnó d3YqhZ ShC SbC34YbC S3DhGbYq4ChC rbS q4J3SS4, ShC
SbC34YbC S3DhGbYq4ChC rb Sh Z4r3SSh 4 Sh V3hqhSD3h.
l G3C O3n4C WbZYhYr4 s ihZh, I6b rbCrb G6s dbI6bñ4C OhY d4Chr4: dhZh Sh d4Zqhrh rb G3 dZ3GbZ
S3JZ4, Valoración médico-deportiva del escolar, s Sh rbS GáCqbZ ihS6r rbS bCV4ShZ s rbS hr4SbCVbYqb, hCí
V4G4 dhZh GúSq3dSbC C3G6ShV34YbC rb dhq4S4DíhC.
l S4C O3n4C rb Sh 0Zh. K3ShZ lYrúnhZ s KbrZ4 ih3YE rb MhZhYrh (K3ShZ, QShZh s KbZ3I6bqb), d4Z ShC
3YY6GbZhJSbC CbC34YbC rb j4q4DZhjíhC Gér3VhC.
l G3 G6s I6bZ3rh lYrZbh x4ZbY4, d4Z ShC GúSq3dSbC CbC34YbC rb DZhJhV3óY s C6 C3bGdZb dZbr3Cd4-
C3V3óY h d4ChZ s dhZq3V3dhZ bY q4r4C S4C dZ4sbVq4C br6Vhq3u4C, d4Z C6 hd4s4 s hs6rh V4Y ShC ObZZhG3bY-
qhC 3Yj4ZGáq3VhC s bY Sh V4YjbVV3óY rb G6VOhC buhS6hV34YbC.
l G3C hS6GY4C rb j3C34qbZhd3h, V4G4 QhZGbY x4Zh, QZ3Cq3Yh w4rZíD6bE 4 o4OhYh KéZbE, I6b d4Ch-
Z4Y s Cb rbnhZ4Y d3YqhZ s DZhJhZ dhZh I6b j6bCbY GáC V4GdZbYC3JSbC G3C VShCbC.
l r4Vq4ZhYr4C, V4G4 QhZS4C xhbCqZb, h o6hYh lYrúnhZ s h G3 GhrZb s G3 ObZGhY4 o4ZDb, d4Z
d4ChZ s dhZq3V3dhZ.
l G3C hS6GY4C 3YqbZY4C rb xbr3V3Yh, rbCqhVhYr4 h G3C bCdbV3hSbC 3YqbZYhC rb qZh6Ghq4S4Díh, 9S4-
Z3h o6hY b HZbYb abZYáYrbE, hCí V4G4 h l3ré w63E s h WZhY iáYVObE xhZqíYbE; h S4C Y6bu4C 3YqbZY4C,
rbCqhVhYr4 h lYrZbh x4ZbY4, Kh6Sh AbhS s lS3V3h iáYVObE, I6b OhY dhZq3V3dhr4 bY bCqb S3JZ4 V4Y DZhY
dZbr3Cd4C3V3óY s bYq6C3hCG4; h G3C hS6GY4C rb xbr3V3Yh I6b OhY d4Chr4 dhZh bCqb S3JZ4, V4G4 9S4Z3h
s lYh P4GáC xhZqíYbE, LSbYh 9hZVíh P4GáC, QhZGbY lD6SSó, QhZS4C AhZbr4, WZhYV3CV4 AhnhZh QhZZ3óY,
lírh WZ6q4C, o6hY lYq4Y34 MSáEI6bE i4q4, QZ3Cq3Yh o3GéYbE, ohu3bZ xhZqíYbE KhShEóY, o4Cé W6bYqbC, lSb-
nhYrZ4 QhCq3SS4, lírh ihrhs fhuhZZ4 lSbGáY s lSbnhYrZ4 abZYáYrbE xhZqíYbE; h 0hZ3h fbCqbZ4uh, d4Z C6
J6bY OhVbZ hS G4YqhZ G6VO4C uírb4C rb bCqh 4JZh s d4Z C6 3Yj3Y3qh dhV3bYV3h dhZh bYCbñhZGb h G4YqhZ
bS ZbCq4 rb S4C uírb4C... K3r4 r3CV6SdhC h S4C I6b Y4 GbYV34Y4 s dhZq3V3dhZ4Y bY Sh 4JZh. PhGJ3éY d3r4
r3CV6SdhC h S4C hYhq4G3CqhC d4Z ShC 3GdZbV3C34YbC V4Gbq3rhC bY hZhC rb Sh VShZ3rhr r3hDYóCq3Vh.
N63bZ4 rbCqhVhZ, d4Z C6 3GdS3VhV3óY G6s ZbSbuhYqb, h Kh6Sh iáYVObE f6ñ4, I6b C6jZ3ó bCq43VhGbY-
qb bS d3Yqhr4 rb G6VOhC dhZqbC rb C6 V6bZd4, CbC3óY qZhC CbC3óY; h lS3V3h iáYVObE 9hZVíh s LS xbOr3
1hj M46GhGh, I6b rbG4CqZhZ4Y 6Yh DZhY VhdhV3rhr 3YqbZdZbqhq3uh s rb GbqbZCb bY bS dhdbS rbS dh-
V3bYqb qZhYCG3q3bYr4 G6s J3bY Sh C3Yq4Ghq4S4Díh bY G6Sq3q6r rb CbC34YbC, s h Kh6Sh AbhS ÁSuhZbE, I6b
hC6G3ó Sh ZbCd4YChJ3S3rhr qZhC Sh VáGhZh s Y4C r3Z3D3ó V4Y CbYq3r4 dbZjbVV34Y3Cqh bY 3YqbZG3YhJSbC
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XXIII
Índice

KZóS4D4 H, Hy
KZóS4D4 HH, yH
KZbjhV34, yHHH
KZbCbYqhV3óY rb Sh 4JZh, y8HH

I. GENERALIDADES

1 HGd4ZqhYV3h rb Sh CbG34S4Díh, 7
F. Santonja Medina

2 5C4 rb Sh qbVY4S4Díh 3Yj4ZGáq3Vh hdS3Vhrh hS r3hDYóCq3V4, R7

J. Aguilera Campillos, F. J. Sánchez Martínez, Á. Garzo Serrano, A. Cejudo,
P. Sainz de Baranda y F. Santonja Medina

II. COLUMNA VERTEBRAL

3 LCV4S34C3C, B7
F. Santonja Medina y P. Andújar Ortuño

4 0bChS3YbhV34YbC rb Sh dbSu3C s dhq4S4Díh ChVZ43SíhVh, 7m

F. Santonja Medina e I. Hernández Martínez

5 0bChS3YbhV34YbC ChD3qhSbC rbS ZhI63C, Tk

F. Santonja Medina, P. Andújar Ortuño y P. Sainz de Baranda

6 QbZu3VhSD3h, pR
F. Santonja Medina y J. M. Arribas Blanco

7 04ZChSD3h, 2R
F. Santonja Medina

8 A6GJhSD3h, e7
F. Santonja Medina

9 whr3V6S4dhqíh S6GJhZ, km
F. Santonja Medina

III. EXTREMIDADES INFERIORES

10 LXdS4ZhV3óY rb Sh VhrbZh, Rvk

F. Santonja Medina y M. Tey Pons

XXV
XXVI MANUAL DE EXPLORACIÓN MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA

11 LXdS4ZhV3óY rb GbY3CV4C s S3DhGbYq4C rb Sh Z4r3SSh, RB7

F. Santonja Medina y V. J. León Muñoz

12 0bChS3YbhV34YbC rb ShC bXqZbG3rhrbC 3YjbZ34ZbC, R7k

F. Santonja Medina

13 LXdS4ZhV3óY rb Sh hZq3V6ShV3óY jbG4Z4dhqbShZ, Rm7

F. Santonja Medina y V. J. León Muñoz

14 LXdS4ZhV3óY rbS q4J3SS4, Rp7

F. Santonja Medina

15 LXdS4ZhV3óY rbS d3b, R2m

F. Santonja Medina

16 Q4ZqbrhrbC G6CV6S4qbYr3Y4ChC rb ShC bXqZbG3rhrbC 3YjbZ34ZbC, Rek

F. Santonja Medina, A. Cejudo, F. Ayala Rodríguez y P. Sainz de Baranda

17 Q4Zqbrhr 3CI634C6ZhS s CíYrZ4Gb rb 3CI634C6ZhSbC V4Zq4C, BvR

F. Santonja Medina, V. Ferrer López, S. Santonja Renedo, A. Cejudo y P. Sainz de Baranda

IV. EXTREMIDADES SUPERIORES

18 LXdS4ZhV3óY rbS O4GJZ4, BR7

F. Santonja Medina, F. Martínez Martínez y P. Martínez Victorio

19 LXdS4ZhV3óY rbS V4r4, BB2

F. Martínez Martínez y F. Santonja Medina

20 LXdS4ZhV3óY rb Sh GhY4 s rb Sh G6ñbVh, BTR

F. Albaladejo Mora y F. Santonja Medina

V. OTROS TEMAS DE INTERÉS

21 f3ubS j6YV34YhS rbS dhV3bYqb V4Y dhZáS3C3C VbZbJZhS, Bmk

J. M. Sanz Mengíbar y F. Santonja Medina

22 LXdS4ZhV3óY rb Sh Z4r3SSh hZqZóC3Vh, Bpk

F. Santonja Medina y V. J. León Muñoz

ÍYr3Vb hYhSíq3V4, Be7

SECCIÓN I

Generalidades

1 ∙ Importancia de la semiología

2 ∙ Uso de la tecnología informática aplicada al diagnóstico

Importancia de la semiología
1
F. Santonja Medina

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