CLASE PRESENCIAL Nº2: 1 HORA SINCRÓNICA Y 7 HORAS ASINCRÓNICAS.

Durante nuestra segunda clase:

1)revisaremos la cuenta de usuario de Quizlet para estudiar el vocabulario de la semana
3)revisaremos y ejercitaremos el uso del presente simple del verbo TO BE v/s los otros verbos del idioma
4)aprenderemos el uso de la formación de preguntas en inglés
5)veremos la diferencia entre HAVE y HAVE GOT.
6)aprenderemos los adverbios de frecuencia y su ubicación dentro de la oración
7)evaluaremos lo aprendido

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PRESENTE SIMPLE DEL VERBO TO BE
Cuando te quieras referir a lo que está ocurriendo hoy/ahora, debes diferenciar entre el verbo TO BE y todos
los otros verbos. Esto porque a diferencia de todos los verbos que usan auxiliar (DO) para construir
los negativos y las preguntas, el verbo TO BE NO NECESITA AUXILIAR. El verbo TO BE tiene tres formas
distintas en el tiempo presente, dependiendo del pronombre utilizado:

En conversación y en escritura informal, normalmente se usan las contracciones: I’m. You´re, He´s, She´s,
It´s, We´re, They´re. Sin embargo, NO USE CONTRACCIONES AL ESCRIBIR Y -MUCHO MENOS- CUANDO
ESTE
REPRESENTANDO A SU COMPAÑÍA, es un símbolo inequívoco de informalidad y/o desprolijidad. Recuerda
que en Inglés hay dos tipos de PREGUNTAS:
A)YES-NO QUESTIONS: Comienzan por un verbo y sólo pueden ser respondidas por un YES or NO (tácito
o implícito). Por ejemplo:
Question: Are you a fitter? Are you a fitter?
Answer: Yes, I am. (No, I am not), I am a wiper.

B)INFORMATION QUESTIONS: Estas preguntas comienzan con una palabra interrogativa. Existen
palabras interrogativas simples, compuestas (dos palabras) y complejas (más de dos palabras).
Palabra única Who (*)- whom (**)- whose?- which?- what?- when?-where?- why?- how ?
Exp. compuesta
1)how+adverb How old? how deep? how big? how important? how high? how wide? how tall?
2)how+adjective How many? how often? how long? how far? how fast? how much? how well?
3)what+noun What size- what color?- what time?- what depth?- what language?- what image?
Exp. compleja What kind of?- what type of?- what sort of?- how many days a week?- Which of
these two alternatives?- how many times?- etc.
(*) actúa como sujeto de la oración
(**) muy formal y usualmente no se usa en conversacion
En resumen, observe el uso del verbo TO BE y de sus contracciones en el afirmativo del presente:
• I am a seafarer = I’m a seafarer./ I am not a wiper = I’m not a wiper
• You are a seafarer = You're a seafarer/ You are not an AB =You aren’t an AB

Ahora en el interrogativo. Recuerda no utilizar contracciones al momento de hacer la pregunta:

• Are you married?
• Is he the Captain?
• Are they the cadets?

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PUT IN: AM, IS, ARE, ISN'T, AREN'T.
1. What ship is she?
2. Puerto Chacabuco and Puerto Williams aren't (not) big harbors.
3. Is_Chiloe an island? Yes, it is .
4. They _are officers. They aren't (not) cadets.
5. Are you the Master? Yes, I am .
6. The Captain and the Mate are on the bridge.
7. Is he the Electrician? No, he isn't .
8. The helmsman and the Mate are on the bridge. Where _are_ the others?

PUT IN THE INTERROGATIVE AND THE NEGATIVE:

Ej. I am a Captain. Am I a Captain ? I am not a Captain
1.The ship is old Is the ship old ? The ship is not old.
2.You are a passenger. Are you a passanger? You are not a passenger.
3.He is a cadet. Is he a cadet ? He is not a cadet.
4.She is a Is she a stewardess? She is not a stewardess. Is
stewardess. she a cargo ship? She is not a cargo ship.
5.She is a cargo ship. Are we sailors? We are not sailors.
Are you seamen ? You are not seamen.
6.We are sailors. Are they tankers? They are not tankers.
7.You are seamen.
8.They are tankers.
MATCH THE RIGHT ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS:
1.How many sails are there on the masts? A. The sailing boats. 1. D
2. Where are the sails? B. Red and black. 2. C
3.Which boats are beautiful? C. On the masts. 3. A
4.What color is the tanker? D. There are nine. 4. B
5.Are these lifejackets on board? E. The electrician's. 5. F
6.Whose work is that? F. Yes, they are. 6. E

WRITE COMPLETE SENTENCES USING THE WORDS IN THE PARENTHESES:

Example: (that / a cargo-ship) That is a cargo-ship.
1.(She / not / a passenger-ship) She is not a passenger-ship.

2.(The container-ships / in port) The container-ship are in the port.

3.(The deck-officers / not / on board / The deck-officers are not on board now.
now
4.(The Captain / on the bridge) The Captain is on the bridge. These
5.(These / sailing-boats) are sailing-boats.
6.(This / her maiden voyage) This is her maiden voyage.

MAKE QUESTIONS. USE IS, ARE.

Example: (the Master / on the bridge)? Is the Master on the bridge?
1.(the Pilot / on Is the Pilot on board?
board)?
2.(the Bosun and the Third Mate /
Are the Bosun and the Third Mate in the aft?
aft)
3.(these passengers / from Brazil)?
Are these passengers from Brazil?

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4.(those islands / Greek)?
Are those islands Greek?

5.(the ship in the distance / a

Is the ship in the distance a tanker?
tanker)?

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COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORMS OF TO BE. USE FULL OR SHORT FORMS.
1.I am 27 years old.
2.I am the Chief Engineer.
3.Yo are from Italy.
are
u 25 years
is
4.Yo old. from
u Japan.
5.He
6. Is she married?
7. Is he the Captain?
8. Are they cadets?
9. Are you engineers?
10. Are you from France?

PRESENTE SIMPLE DE TODOS LOS OTROS VERBOS

Para todos los otros verbos, que no sean el TO BE, a diferencia del español, en inglés los verbos no cambian
su conjugación para los pronombres I, you, we, they. Aunque suene raro, en inglés los
pronombres singulares agregan “s”al final del verbo (NO LOS PLURALES COMO EN EL ESPAÑOL) al
final n la 3ª persona singular he, she, it. El verbo se mantiene igual como en su forma infinitiva más la
letra “s”; esto hace de la gramática Inglesa la más simple de los idiomas. Observa la siguiente tabla:

Existe un número de verbos que son levemente diferentes a los anteriores: son aquellos terminados en -
o, ch, -sh, -s, o -x ya que en su caso se agrega-es en vez de simplemente -s.

TO DO TO GO TO WATCH TO PASS
I/you/we/they do I/you/we/they go I/you/we/they watch I/you/we/they pass
He does He goes He watches He passes
She does She goes She watches She passes
It does It goes It watches It passes

Aquellos verbos que terminan en una consonante + y, la transformacion pasa por transformar la y en una
i y despues agregarle -es, en vez de -s.

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 TO STUDY TO CARRY TO CRY TO FLY
I/you/we/they study I/you/we/they carry I/you/we/they cry I/you/we/they fly
He studies He carries He cries He flies
She studies She carries She cries She flies
It studies It carries It cries It flies

☝Recuerda que:
los verbos que terminan en vocal + y, no se conjugan de esta manera. Funcionan igual a cualquier
otro verbo comun y corriente.
I stay ⇨ he stays. I play ⇨ he plays.
Adicionalmente, debes saber que el verbo HAVE (como verbo simple, es decir cuando quiere decir TENER),
frente a los pronombres he,she,it se transforma a HAS y no a HAVES
I have a new car ⇨ She has a new car

Usaremos “auxiliares” para hacer preguntas y para negar, estos auxiliares son: “do” y “does”. En la forma
negativa se debe usar el auxiliar DO /du/ seguido de la palabra NOT y para he-she-it se debe usar DOES /dáz/
seguido de NOT más el Infinitivo del verbo principal (sin agregar -s / -es). Recuerda que el
uso de contracciones (en este caso DON’T /dóunt/ y DOESN´T /dáznt/) son considerados informales y
desprolijos. Es importante destacar que en el Presente Simple afirmativo no se usa el verbo auxiliar
DO/DOES porque está implícito. Cuando decimos “I speak Spanish every day” estamos diciendo
implicitamente “I do speak Spanish every day”o cuando decimos, “The secretary answers the
telephone” estamos diciendo implicitamente “The secretary does answer the telephone”. El uso del
auxiliar en afirmativo solamente es aceptado cuando queremos enfatizar o recalcar que SI se entendió el
mensaje.

El presente simple se usa para expresar acciones que ocurren a diario, en forma habitual. Las expresiones
de tiempo que más se usan con este tiempo verbal son aquellas que llevan la palabra EVERY /évri/, como
every day /évri déi/ (todos los días), every morning /évri mó:nin/ (todas las mañanas), every weekend /évri
wikénd/ (todos los fines de semana). Las expresiones que llevan la palabra EVERY habitualmente van
ubicadas al final de la oración, mientras que los adverbios de frecuencia (always, sometimes, often, usually,
never, etc.) van ubicados siempre antes del verbo principal, excepto en el caso del verbo TO BE, en el que
los adverbios de frecuencia van después del verbo. Por ejemplo:

• She arrives 10 minutes early every day.

• She always arrives 10 minutes early.
• She is always early for classes.

En resumen, los otros verbos (todos los verbos sin excepción aparte del To BE) forman el presente:
En el afirmativo:
• I leave on Monday
• The ship leaves on Monday
En el interrogativo:
• Do I leave on Monday?
• Does the ship leave on
Monday? En el negativo:
• I do not leave on Monday
• The ship leaves on Monday
El verbo TO HAVE cuando es un verbo simple (NO AUXILIAR) no es un verbo especial. Forma el negativo
y el interrogativo como cualquier otro verbo en presente (a excepción del TO BE). Cuando el TO HAVE
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es un auxiliar, la negación y las preguntas se construyen como cualquier auxiliar.

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En el afirmativo:
• I have got two children = I have three children
• He has got his seaman's book = He has his seaman's
book.
En el interrogativo:
• Have you got children? = Do you have children?
• Has he got a passport? = Does he have a passport?
• Have they got their seaman’s books?= Do they have their seaman's books?
En el negativo:
• I haven’t got any children = I don’t have any children
• He hasn’t got his seaman’s book. = He doesn’t have his seaman’s book
También son frecuentes en este tiempo verbal las expresiones de tiempo formadas por:
once /wáns/ (una vez),
twice /twáis/ (dos veces),
three times /zri: táimz/ (tres veces),
several times /sévral táimz/ (varias veces),
many times /méni táimz/ (muchas veces), etc.
Seguido de las frases
a day /e déi/ (al día),
a week /e wi:k/ (a la semana),
a month /e mánz/ (al mes), etc. por ejemplo:

Decíamos que también se usan con este tiempo los ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA, que NO indican cuando,
sino que CON QUÉ FRECUENCIA ocurren las acciones indicadas por el verbo:
always /ó:lwiz/ (siempre), 100% de las
veces almost always /olmost olguais/ (casi siempre)
95% de las veces generally /dllénerali/
(generalmente), 90% de las veces frequently
/frícuentli/ (frecuentemente) 85% de las veces
usually /íushuali/ (usualmente), 80% de las veces
often /ófn/ ( a menudo), 75% de las veces
sometimes /sámtaimz/ (a veces), 50% de las veces
occasionally /okeishonali/ (ocasionalmente) 40% de las veces
rarely /réarli/ (rara vez), 30% de las veces
seldom /séldom/ (raramente), 25% de las veces
hardly ever /há:rdli éver/ (casi nunca), 10% de las veces
almost never /olmost never/ (casi nunca) 10% de las
veces never /néver/ (nunca). 0%
de las veces
Ya que los adverbios de frecuencia son adverbios, estos se colocan al lado de un verbo, siguiendo
las siguientes reglas:
• Después del verbo to be. I am never late
• Antes de cualquier verbo (menos el to be). I always arrive early
• Entre dos verbos. I have always arrived early.

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USO DEL TIEMPO PRESENTE

Una acción que es regular I am a seaman. I work on the “POTROS I”.

Where does he work?
Frequencia The Chief Engineer always spends his summers in Chiloé.
She sails to Ancud every Saturday.
How often do they inspect the ship?
The derrick loads heavy cases from lorries onto the deck.
Condición general The Captain loves this ship very much.
The Engineer doesn’t agree with the Captain on this.
Una verdad The voyage takes two weeks and costs $200.
Water boils at 100 degrees C.
The sun rises in the east.
Respuestas cortas Does the Captain have control of the ship? No, he doesn’t.
Do they have foreign officers on board? Yes, they do.

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB TO HAVE.
1. I have the charts
2.The ship has a cargo of crude oil
3.We have three children
4.The port has six tugboats
5.They have bags
6. Do you have binoculars?
7. Does he have a seaman’s book?
8. Does the ship has lifeboats?
9. Do have the fire extinguisher?
you
10. Do we have visas?

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN EVERY CASE.

The officer asks you. . .
1.Good morning! Welcome on board.
2.Do you have your seaman's book and passport?
3.What is your seaman's book number?
4.What is your family name?
5.What is your date of birth?
6.What is your rank?
7.What is your first name?
8.Are you South American?
9.Where are you from?
10. Are you married?
11. Do you have children?
12. How many children do you have?

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. THEY ARE ALL NEGATIVE. USE DO NOT OR DOES NOT WITH THE VERB.
1) The 3rd officer does not get up_ at 0800. He gets up at 0700
2) I do not have coffee. I have tea
3) The bosun does not eat lunch at noon. He eats lunch at 1300
4) The ratings _do not sleep after breakfast. They sleep after lunch
5) The Chief Engineer does not go to the bridge. He goes to the Engine Room
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6) We do not hand over at 0900. We hand over at 0800.

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WRITE SENTENCES ABOUT YOURSELF. USE ALWAYS, USUALLY, OFTEN, SOMETIMES, NEVER
1.(use the mobile telephone on deck)
2.(eat breakfast in your cabin)
3.(work on the bridge without supervision)
4.(work extra hours in the engine room)
5.(speak to the Captain when you have a problem)
6.(write the logbook when you are onboard)
7.(go ashore )
8.(play cards when you are onboard)
9.(work overtime when you are onboard)
10. (write emails to your family when you are abroad)

READ THE LETTER. USE THE WORDS TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

GIVES/ LISTEN/ PLAY/ READ/ OFTEN/ NEVER/ KOREAN/ LIKES/

Dear___________________
How are you? I am fine. I really ❶ ___li_k_e______________ my new job on this vessel. T eh workisdifficult,butIenjoyit.
❷_______g_i_v _e_s _____________me a list of jobs to do.
I have some free time after work, so I often ❸________p_l_a_y__________chess with my friend Andy. He’s very good
❺_______r_e_a_d_________________ a book before going to sleep. I share my cabin htw i

another cadet. He’s ❻ . He l

korean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _l i _k _e _s listening
to music. We sometimes ➑_________li_s_te_nto music together.
That’s all for now.
Please write soon. I ➒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _o_f _t e_nthink of you.
Best regards

PUT ALL THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES IN THE NEGATIVE AND THEN IN THE INTERROGATIVE
1. The derrick takes the cargo out of the hold
2. I go to work by bus
3. Our watch begins at eight o'clock
4. He has a new pair of goggles
5. They have many friends at work
6. The men have their overalls on
7. Helen has a white helmet
8. John takes his overall off at the end of the watch
9. The crane has huge wheels
10. Helen has new safety boots
11. That room has many windows
12. You have a new watch
13. Rita has a bad cold
14. Most containers have dents
15. I have two different supervisors
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 Recuerda que cualquier pregunta en inglés debe cumplir con la siguiente fórmula:
(Question word) Un solo Auxiliar o Sujeto (todos (complementos) ?
To be o los otros
+ como verbo principal + expresión + verbos) +
equivalente

For example: * Where has the vessel been repaired in the last two years? (Information question)
* Does the vessel have bow thrusters to maneuver more easily? (Yes-No question)
It isn´t

WRITE SENTENCES IN THE PRESENT.

Example: bevel gear /helical gear/teeth that form helices.
It isn't a bevel gear. It is a helical gear. It has got teeth that form helices.
1.Worm gears/spur gears/teeth straight parallel to axis.
…It…is…a…w…o…r…m…g…ea…r…s.…It…is…a……sp…u…r g…e…a…r. …It …h…as…g…o…t t…e…et…h …st…ra…ig…h…t p…a…ra…ll…el…to…a…x…
is…. …………………………………………………
2.pinion/bevel gear/stunted teeth in relation to the plane of the wheel.
…It…is…n…´t…a…p…in…io…n.…It…i…s …a …be…v…el…g…e…ar…, i…t h…a…s…g…ot…s…tu…n…te…d …te…et…h…in…r…el…a…tio…n…to…t…he……
pl…an…e…o…f …th…e …w…he…e…l.………………………
3.Crane/derrick/a large hook turning round to load some heavy cases on to the deck.
…It…is…n…'t …a …cr…a…ne…. …It …is…a…d…e…rr…ick…. …It…h…as…g…o…t …a …la…rg…e…h…oo…k…tu…r…ni…ng…r…o…un…d…to……lo…ad…s…
o…m…e…h…ea…v…y …ca…s…e…s …on…t…he……de…c…k.……
4.General cargo carrier/container ship/ten containers on board.
…I t …is…n´…t a……ge…n…er…a…l c…a…rg…o…c…ar…rie…r…. I …t i …s …a …co…n…ta…in…e…r s…h…ip…. …I t …ha…s…g…o…t t…en…c…o…n…ta…
in…er…s…o…n …bo…a…rd…. …………………………………
5.Rescue party/fire party/firefighting equipment with them.
…It …isn…´t…a…r…e…sc…ue…p…a…rty…. …It …is…a…fir…e…p…ar…ty.…It…h…a…s g… o… t f…ire…fi…gh…ti…ng…e…q…uip…m…e…nt…w…it…h
…th…em….……………………………………………………
6.Two-stroke engine/four-stroke engine/four cylinders and four pistons.
I…t i…sn…´t…a…tw…o…-s…tr…ok…e…e…ng…in…e.…It…is…a…f…ou…r-…st…ro…ke…e…n…gi…ne…. …It …ha…s…go…t…fo…ur…c…yl…in…de…r …
an…d…fo…u…r p…is…to…n…s.……………………………………

7.Battleship/aircraft carrier/20 fighter aircraft on board.

…It…is…n´…t …a …ba…tt…les…h…ip…. I…t i…s a…a…ir…cr…af…t c…a…rr…ier…. I…t …ha…s …go…t …20…f…ig…ht…er…a…irc…ra…ft…o…n …bo…a…rd….
………………………………………………………

USE PRESENT TENSE TO DESCRIBE HOW THINGS WORK (SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES)
1.An electric drill has got a power cord, a switch, a motor, a gearbox and a chuck. The power
(have)
cord (supply) supplies electricity to the switch. The switch (connect) connects the electricity to
the motor. The motor drives the gearbox. The gearbox drives the chuck. The
(drive) (drive)
chuck (hold) holds the bit.
2. When a vessel (not get) doesn´t get underway under her own engine power, a tugboat (take)
takes her in tow.

PUT THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT FORM OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT:

1.It takes (take) the Flying Fish one hour and a half to get to Chiloé.
2.Fast liners sails (sail) at 20 knots an hour, but has to be (be) much faster.
hydrofoils
3.What time does the (Ferry, call) at port? think (think) she (put puts
I six hours in)
4.Ask the Mate! speaks (speak) three languages.
He

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5.Tugboats tows (tow) ships that has got (have) an engine problem.

ASK WHAT THESE PROFESSIONALS DO (FOR NO. 7 GIVE QUESTION AND ANSWER):
1.(arbitrator) What does an arbitrator do?
He makes a decision between two parties that do not agree.
2.(deckhands) What a deckhands do ?
They do all the odd jobs on board a ship (e.g. scrub the decks, operate the windlass, etc.)
3. (Purser) What does a purser do ?
He keeps the accounts, pays wages, is responsible for stores etc.

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4. (Boatswain or Bosun) What does a boatswain or bosun do ?
He is in charge of the crew, boats, rigging etc.
5.(Chief Steward) What does a chief steward do ?
He is in charge of the galley and the stewards.
6.(Coxswain) What does a_coxswain do ?
He is the person who steers a small boat.
7.(cadets) What does a_cadets do ?
They _ assists police officers on their duties to keep the peace and order within th?e society ?

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING ONE OF THE VERBS + DON'T/DOESN'T.

CUT HAVE CARRY DRIVE WANT USE
Example: This is a sailing ship. It doesn’t have an engine.
1.Have a sandwich. No, thanks. Don't want to eat right now.
I
2.This is a container ship. She Doesn't carry oil or wheat.
3.You've got the wrong batteries. These calculators doesn´t use large batteries.
4.This saw doesn't cut metal. You need a hacksaw to do that.
5.These screwdrivers are too small. We don't drive big screws with them.
don't have

MINITEST
1. Conveyor belts (move, moves) cargo to the moves
silos
2. The gangway (take, takes) the crew takes
onboard
3. The vessel (moor, moors) starboard side moors
alongside
4. Helen (do, does) this exercise very does
well goes
try
5. Susana (go, goes) to Customs very
often
6. I (try, tries) to come to work on
time
7. I (go, goes) to Customs go
8. You (try, tries) to catch the launch. try
9. He (carry, carries) his books in a carries

briefcase
10. William (try, tries) to understand tries
11. She (carry, carries) her overall in a carries
bag
12. I (want, wants) to learn English want
plays
13. Frank (play, plays) football very
wants
well
plays
14. John (want, wants) to learn French
15. Mary (play, plays) the guitar very
well
16. The gantry crane (load, loads) 45 containers an 18. Vessels (have, has) an IMO number for
hour identification
17. The new supervisor (wear, wears) a green helmet 19. The port (have, has) 8 berths has

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 loads wears
has
20. The bosun (work, works) at a national works
company
21. The hatches (protect, protects) the cargo from protects
water
22. The bobcat (trim, trims) the cargo in the trims
hold
23. The crew (is, are) on are
deck.
24. The Customs officers (is, are) are
onboard.
25. The bobcat (is, are) ready to load the cargo. is

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