La Educaci?N Elemental en El Porfiriato : Este Art?culo Es Parte de Una Investigaci?n M?s Amplia Sobre
La Educaci?N Elemental en El Porfiriato : Este Art?culo Es Parte de Una Investigaci?n M?s Amplia Sobre
La Educaci?N Elemental en El Porfiriato : Este Art?culo Es Parte de Una Investigaci?n M?s Amplia Sobre
N ELEMENTAL
EN EL PORFIRIATO*
Alejandro Mart?nez Jim?nez
UNAM
514
35 Ibid.
39 ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 Ibid.
42 Ibid.
47 Ibid., p. 368.
48 Ibid.
49 Secretar?a de Educaci?n P?blica, op. cit., p. 71.
59 Ibid., p. 108.
La escolaridad en el Porfiriato
Cuadro 1
?NDICES
TASAS
1. Tasa de A % Anual de la
Escolaridad Prim. 3.1 3.2 2.7
2.
3. Tasa de ? % Anual de la
Escolaridad Of. 4.3 2.7
4. Tasa de ? % Anual de la
Escolaridad Priv. P. 6.5 3.8
5. Tasa de A % Anual de Prof. 3.9 3.8
6. Tasa de ? % Anual de Es
cuelas Total 1.6 1.5 0.5
7. Tasa de ? % Anual de Es
cuelas Oficial 1.1 0.2
8. Tasa de ? % Anual de Es
cuelas Privado 3.7 ?0.1
9. Tasa de Crecimiento %
Anual de la Poblaci?n 1.5 1.1
10. Tasa de A % Anual de la
Fuerza de Trab. Agrie. 1.3 1.2
11. Tasa de A % Anual de la
Fuerza de T. Ind. 2.9 -0.1
12. Tasa de A % Anual de la
Fuerza de T. Serv. 1.6 0.5
13. Tasa de A % Anual del
P.B.I. Agr?cola 2.4 3.3
14. Tasa de A % Anual del
P.B.I. Industrial 7.5 4.4
15. Tasa de A % Anual del
P.B.I. Servicios 6.8 3.1
?ndices * de correlaci?n
100
0.47 100
-0.23 0.24 100
0.33 0.64 0.17 0.73 0.33 0.06 0.28 0.13 0.79 100
0.09 0.52 0.17 0.31 0.26 0.38 0.27 0.33 0.65 0.61 100
0.11 0.21 -0.10 0.37 -0.16 -0.02 -0.07 -0.16 0.24 0.46 0.45 100
-0.31 -0.45 -0.18 -0.55 -0.50 -0.09 -0.52 -0.40 -0.56 -0.75 -0.38 0.08 100
-0.41 -0.70 -0.53 -0.64 -0.54 -0.41 -0.44 -0.31 -0.75 -0.79 -0.52 0.24 0.68 100
100
0.31 100
-0.47 0.14 100
0.55 0.33 -0.81 100 (1910)
-0.70 -0.29 0.69 -0.83 100 (1910)
-0.45 -0.27 0.81 -0.97 0.72 100 (1910)
0.18 -0.16 -0.44 0.24 -0.12 -0.29 100
Escolaridad en 1875 Escolaridad por 1 000 habitantes Por ciento matricula of ici
Entidades
N? de los
N? de 1895
que con 1878 1900 1907 1878 1900
Escuelas
Fuente: Los datos de escolaridad de 1875 se tomaron de: Jos? D?az Covarrubias "Instrucci?n P?blica Mexicana"
N? de estable
cimientos
Tasa de A %
Matricula
A % <*' escolares
idad por 1 000 habitantes Por ciento matricula oficial Profesores
1900 1907 1878 1900 1907 Total Total 1878-1900 1900-1907 1878-1900 1900-1907
1878-1900 1900-1907 '
62.21 68.90 62.75 66.24 57.37 6.1 3.1 3.8 -4.7 3.0 -0.8
91.59 122.19 80.08 74.41 80.99 6.1 5.2 14.0 6.8 4.0 0.9
61.89 53.89 100.00 87.71 88.80 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.7 -4.1
50.28 82.34 77.41 87.96 87.06 4.2 9.4 12.3 6.5 -0.1 10.5
88.57 69.40 75.72 87.46 1.7 -1.7 5.3 -1.1
13.93 23.01 88.03 92.70 5.1 9.5 -15.0 11.5 2.1 3.6
48.40 66.63 56.91 84.71 6.9 -15.0 7.9 11.4
140.17 170.63 69.87 79.17 83.03 3.2 5.8 5.2 3.9 1.5 3.1
38.20 48.25 100.00 69.63 71.19 8.2 6.2 9.1 4.0 6.2 4.6
38.16 38.29 98.32 64.54 63.77 6.2 0.2 5.8 2.0 4.9 -2.2
35.85 33.04 100.00 93.05 94.36 2.0 1.0 0.5 -0.6 0.7 -1.4
59.55 58.23 89.73 87.25 2.9 0.3 19.6 -5.5 1.1 -0.5
64.27 73.40 62.17 57.90 2.4 1.5 2.9 2.3
58.44 57.23 90.30 86.28 0.3 0.2 10.2 2.6 0.4 -0.8
43.31 40.89 100.00 66.31 61.48 9.2 0.2 -0.9 4.3 6.9 -3.2
87.74 87.64 100.00 88.63 83.97 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.7
65.68 64.96 55.07 86.94 1.2 3.6 8.3 0.1
72.91 77.66 75.77 85.24 76.54 3.0 1.9 4.9 4.0 1.1 1.9
152.70 33.57 94.94 95.78 90.33 10.1 3.0 8.8 -3.8
51.97 52.52 90.02 88.48 0.9 6.1 -0.8 0.8
76.74 50.12 100.00 64.97 44.57 2.7 2.5 5.5 1.7 5.8 -2.5
64.28 100.00
65.01 43.43 81.43 73.08 4.8 -0.9 2.1 -3.6
73.16 57.89 95.84 94.30 2.5 19.6 -6.7 -0.3
43.27 48.82 99.58 90.48 3.6 6.3 4.0 1.5
46.98 60.91 94.38 88.89 92.22 5.4 5.4 -0.8 2.6 5.1 -0.3
65.93 71.10 70.04 85.84 2.4 0.6 4.7 3.3
68.00 96.68 96.68 -2.7 -0.2
46.41 45.33 86.81 86.48 89.60 2.4 1.1 -10.8 5.2 0.9 1.2
53.06 71.37 93.17 91.10 80.77 2.0 5.2 -0.4 6.6 2.4 3.8
59.27 70.91 81.69 88.87 81.75 1.3 2.9 4.5 4.9 -0.7
57.84 61.20 82.94 79.39 HT ~27~ 4j0~ sT ?T
54.60 59.47 90.87 81.54 80.06 3?T 0\5~
86.67
de: Jos? D?az Covarrubias "Instrucci?n P?blica Mexicana" 1875. Los restantes de: "Estad?sticas Sociales del Porfiriato".
N? de estable
A o? de cimientos N? de alumnos % de Escuelas Oficiales
Profesores escolares por Profesor respecto del total
otal Total 1878-1900 1900-1907 1878-1900 1900-1907 1895 1900 1907 1878 1900 1900
8-1900 1900-1907
Urbanizaci?n 1900
Escolaridad -
% Pobla- % Pobla
Eficiencia escolar 1900 TT u . , don ^que
Urbanizaci?n ^ ci?n que
_viven en viven en
Examinados Aprobados Examinados Aprobados Pobl. - localidades localidades Fuerza de trabajo por
Inscritos Examinados Inscritos Examinados '? actividades 1895
Total 2500 y 5 000 y
(Oficiales) (Particulares) Urbana m?s hab. m?s hab. Agr?cola Industrial Servicios
67.33 76.30 40.21 70.52 14.27 42.3 34.22 58.27 20.99 20.74
74.92 72.66 3.76 64.29 37.17 24.7 8.49 50.46 20.51 29.03
76.77 79.88 60.18 30.05 17.23 34.2 27.19 53.93 26.74 19.32
65.12 76.13 68.97 79.27 14.23 34.9 25.64 69.43 13.42 17.15
84.29 88.92 53.57 69.47 24.82 35.7 31.79 62.85 16.06 21.09
100.00 76.97 100.00 72.92 6.22 21.9 19.91 53.49 26.90 19.61
51.24 68.04 46.39 87.29 17.57 27.4 19.12 69.61 14.69 15.70
58.15 65.71 74.06 65.91 15.31 81.4 76.97 15.59 31.05 53.36
70.74 70.39 53.20 78.25 17.42 21.4 14.56 72.99 13.38 13.63
74.80 93.69 83.90 99.54 10.50 35.9 29.64 71.55 15.48 12.97
44.95 69.97 50.92 80.59 25.66 13.8 5.98 87.48 6.04 6.48
73.39 97.14 67.61 88.80 36.51 .16.2 9.34 68.81 14.31 16.88
62.64 91.06 72.35 61.19 21.28 30.0 18.63 65.74 17.15 17.11
69.83 77.26 53.72 84.16 23.76 25.3 9.73 74.66 10.36 14.98
75.00 100.00 73.97 99.92 18.03 23.1 12.31 71.14 14.09 14.77
73.24 94.53 72.39 93.86 26.06 33.6 13.73 79.63 7.75 12.62
57.52 62.66 63.16 26.52 8.90 33.7 10.32 49.41 14.95 35.64
73.39 65.22 100.00 100.00 68.91 22.7 21.14 70.90 12.93 16.17
37.75 82.23 66.09 52.22 22.9 9.50 75.30 16.73 7.97
69.03 93.07 76.69 87.59 15.68 32.5 20.96 70.82 15.89 13.29
40.85 92.49 40.38 92.14 10.50 41.2 25.86 67.40 13.43 19.17
69.82 84.83 45.20 100.00 24.86 25.9 17.22 65.62 14.78 19.60
81.91 80.81 53.13 98.32 50.99 14.2 12.36 61.65 14.78 19.60
64.09 87.57 87.50 85.71 23.85 18.1 11.48 61.54 12.87 25.59
68.11 47.38 29.26 36.48 47.11 9.8 6.60 75.43 8.55 16.04
64.25 100.00 22.48 28.9 22.03 68.71 7.32 23.97
91.27 98.18 96.66 100.00 31.24 21.7 10.06 49.11 28.02 22.87
58.63 64.24 47.93 74.98 22.00 20.6 13.85 76.58 9.45 13.99
98.47 99.63 75.38 100.00 17.74 28.3 17.55 74.86 11.36 13.58
66.19 68.77 65.05 20.85 27.9 17.29 64.64 22.26 13.10
62.18 82.83 67.26 81.02 28.3 18.85 67.00 13.39 17.41
urbanizaci?n 1900
Pobla- % Pobla
m que ci?n que
jen en viven en
Fuerza de trabajo por
ilidades localidades Fuerza de trabajo por Fuerza de trabajo por
actividades 1910
actividades 1895 actividades 1900
500 y 5 000 y
?s hab. m?s hab. Agr?cola Industrial Servicios Agr?cola Industrial Servicios Agr?cola Industrial Servicios
34.22 58.27 20.99 20.74 57.23 25.17 17.60 54.71 24.86 20.43
8.49 50.46 20.51 29.03 57.60 23.66 18.70 59.46 19.18 21.36
27.19 53.93 26.74 19.32 66.20 17.84 15.66 69.13 16.24 14.63
25.64 69.43 13.42 17.15 45.09 31.48 23.43 56.83 22.65 20.52
31.79 62.85 16.06 21.09 70.15 13.96 15.89 62.32 15.16 22.52
19.91 53.49 26.90 19.61 66.51 22.21 11.28 73.78 15.49 10.73
19.12 69.61 14.69 15.70 77.69 15.33 12.78 66.18 18.57 15.25
76.97 15.59 31.05 53.36 18.67 29.30 52.03 ?6.12 28.51 55.37
14.56 72.99 13.38 13.63 62.97 20.91 16.12 75.50 14.17 10.33
29.64 71.55 15.48 12.97 65.93 18.26 15.82 65.65 17.94 16.42
5.98 87.48 6.04 6.48 88.21 5.57 6.22 89.64 5.15 5.21
9.34 68.81 14.31 16.88 66.52 17.66 15.82 70.70 14.36 14.94
18.63 65.74 17.15 17.11 60.53 18.47 21.00 69.50 14.53 15.97
9.73 74.66 10.36 14.98 77.39 11.07 11.54 72.23 13.51 14.26
12.31 71.14 14.09 14.77 72.80 13.63 13.56 75.08 11.96 12.96
13.73 79.63 7.75 12.62 78.91 8.24 11.75 78.43 9.00 12.57
10.32 49.41 14.95 35.64 68.46 12.72 18.82 71.47 10.26 18.27
21.14 70.90 12.93 16.17 50.41 14.77 34.82 67.71 14.74 17.55
9.50 75.30 16.73 7.97 73.82 18.76 7.42 75.49 15.81 8.70
20.96 70.82 15.89 13.29 69.08 17.76 13.16 67.33 17.59 15.08
25.86 67.40 13.43 19.17 69.80 13.68 10.52 73.31 11.99 14.70
44.50 11.08 44.42
17.22 65.62 14.78 19.60 65.49 12.03 22.49 71.42 12.05 16.53
12.36 61,65 14.78 19.60 54.08 19.32 26.60 74.83 12.16 13.01
11.48 61.54 12.87 25.59 63.16 16.29 20.54 58.75 19.03 22.22
6.60 75.43 8.55 16.04 71.55 8.83 19.62 63.67 7.33 19.00
22.03 68.71 7.32 23.97 73.16 8.13 18.71 78.39 7.41 14.20
10.06 49.11 28.02 22.87 72.65 16.31 11.04 73.04 18.49 8.48
13.85 76.58 9.45 13.99 78.13 9.39 12.47 76.48 10.75 12.77
17.55 74.86 11.36 13.58 73.19 12.47 13.64 61.67 17.55 20.78
17.29 64.64 22.26 13.10 67.94 20.57 11.64 73.28 17.50 11.22
18.85 67.00 13.39 17.41 65.94 16.67 17.39 67.99 15.23 16.78