Insuficiencia
Insuficiencia
Insuficiencia
La prestigiosa revista médica New England Journal of Medicine presenta, con casos clínicos
representativos, una forma muy interesante de analizar problemas clínicos frecuentes en una sección
quincenal denominada Clinical Practice. Se introduce el caso clínico, se presentan las evidencias que
apoyan las distintas estrategias de manejo seguidas de una revisión formal de las guías, si existen. El
artículo finaliza con las recomendaciones clínicas de los autores encargados de la revisión.
Hemos seleccionado el tema Insuficiencia Cardiaca Diastólica por su creciente incidencia e interés,
precediendo a resumir y traducir el artículo para facilitar su lectura.
EL PROBLEMA CLÍNICO
Pag. 1
Los factores que facilitan la retención hídrica y precipitan el desarrollo de
insuficiencia cardiaca son similares en los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca sistólica
y en aquellos con disfunción diastólica. Entre estos factores están la hipertensión no
controlada, fibrilación auricular, incumplimiento terapéutico, isquemia miocárdica,
anemia, insuficiencia renal, uso de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos o tiazolidindionas
(18) y exceso en la ingesta de sal.
Características fisiopatológicas
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ESTRATEGIAS Y EVIDENCIA
Criterios diagnósticos
Técnicas diagnósticas
Pag. 3
MANEJO
Manejo inicial
Tratamiento de la hipertensión
Pag. 4
El tratamiento de la hipertensión, incluyendo la hipertensión sistólica aislada del
anciano, se traduce en una reducción drástica de la incidencia de insuficiencia
cardiaca (35). En el estudio SHEP (Systolic Hypertensión in the Elderly Program) un
régimen terapéutico basado en una tiazida alcanzó una presión arterial media de
143/68 mmHg, en comparación con 155/72 mmHg en el grupo placebo, y se asoció a
un 50% de reducción en los casos nuevos de insuficiencia cardiaca. Asimismo, parece
existir una mejoría en la capacidad de ejercicio y en la calidad de vida cuando el
tratamiento antihipertensivo es capaz de controlar las respuestas hipertensivas
exageradas que se observan durante el ejercicio (34).
ÁREAS DE INCERTIDUMBRE
GUÍAS CLÍNICAS
Pag. 5
CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES
Pag. 6
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