8445-976 La Respiracion Curativa EXTRAS
8445-976 La Respiracion Curativa EXTRAS
8445-976 La Respiracion Curativa EXTRAS
CURATIVA
CAPÍTULOS EXTRAS
PATRICK McKEOWN
CAPÍTULO 18
Fenotipos de la apnea
obstructiva del sueño
GANANCIA DE BUCLE
Catch updebreathing
Reanudación la respiración
Apnea
Apnea Apnea
Apnea
Fenotipos de apnea
Respiración funcional
del sueño
Respiración nasal Permite la colocación Reduce la Pcrit alta.
(vigilia y sueño) correcta de la lengua. Reduce la ganancia de
Reduce la prevalencia bucle alta.
de colapso de la pared Mejora el reclutamiento
lateral de la faringe. de la vía respiratoria
Reduce la resistencia a superior.
la respiración durante el Mejora el umbral del
sueño. despertar.
Mejora la dimensión
biomecánica de la
respiración.
Promueve el
aprovechamiento del
óxido nítrico durante el
sueño.
Fenotipos de apnea
Respiración funcional
del sueño
Dimensión bioquímica Reduce la Reduce elganancia de
quimiosensibilidad al bucle alta.
dióxido de carbono. Mejora el reclutamiento
Normaliza la frecuencia de la vía respiratoria
respiratoria y el superior.
volumen corriente. Reduce el IAH (índice
Reduce la presión de de apnea-hipopnea,
succión negativa que mide la gravedad
durante la inspiración. de la AOS).
Mejora la actividad de
los músculos
dilatadores de la vía
respiratoria superior.
Fenotipos de la apnea obstructiva del sueño 13
Fenotipos de apnea
Respiración funcional
del sueño
Dimensión biomecánica Aumenta el volumen Reduce la Pcrit alta.
pulmonar, lo Mejora el umbral del
que provoca un despertar.
endurecimiento y
dilatación de la vía
aérea faríngea.
Aumenta las reservas
de dióxido de carbono
y oxígeno.
Fenotipos de apnea
Respiración funcional
del sueño
Frecuencia de Mejora la función Reduce laganancia de
resonancia barorrefleja. bucle alta.
Aumenta la variabilidad Mejora el umbral del
de la frecuencia despertar.
cardíaca.
Aumenta el intercambio
gaseoso sanguíneo.
Reduce la
quimiosensibilidad al
dióxido de carbono.
Mejora el equilibrio
simpático-vagal.
CAPÍTULO 19
La respiración y el canto
Parece lógico suponer que, si tienes que cantar una frase lar-
ga, debes ingerir todo el aire que te sea posible. Sin embargo, un
estudio de 1998 sobre la pedagogía vocal concluyó que los can-
tantes clásicos empiezan a cantar con un volumen respiratorio
de un 70 %, en vez de llenar sus pulmones al 90 o el 100 %7. Los
investigadores concluyeron que esto permitía controlar la con-
tracción elástica de la caja torácica y la actividad de los músculos
espiratorios. Si ingieres una cantidad enorme de aire, tu espira-
ción inicial será muy acelerada y difícil de controlar. Al inspirar
solamente el 70 % de tu capacidad pulmonar, la contracción
elástica se reduce y resulta más fácil controlar la respiración.
Aquel mismo estudio observó que los cantantes de música coun-
try ingerían aproximadamente un 55 % de su capacidad pulmo-
nar, lo que sugería que no serían capaces de producir unas frases
musicales tan largas como sus colegas clásicos8. Aunque faltan
evidencias para determinar si los patrones respiratorios influyen
sobre la salud vocal de los cantantes, el estudio recomienda a los
profesores que deseen producir cambios en los hábitos respira-
torios de sus alumnos que se centren en los factores que favorez-
can la salud vocal en general.
Si las inspiraciones cortas tienen sirven para controlar la
contracción elástica, tanto el fraseo como el tono, la dinámica y
la fonación dependen de la «medición» eficiente del aire espira-
do. Esto exige al cantante espirar únicamente la cantidad de
aire requerido para dar con el tono deseado. Muchos cantantes
producen una fonación aspirada precisamente porque expul-
san demasiado aire demasiado deprisa. En el caso de los can-
tantes jóvenes, esto se debe a los cambios vocales y musculares
propis de la adolescencia, y pueden resultar útiles los ejercicios
para fortalecer la región central. Una fuerza deficiente de la
región central puede perjudicar el sostenimiento de la voz y
resultar en «a unvibrato titubeante» en el caso de los cantantes
mayores9. (Ya hemos hablado en distintos momentos de la es-
trecha relación que mantienen el diafragma, la región central y
la respiración).
18 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
El ABC de la clasificación
respiratoria para adultos
Observación
Ventilación
de la Grado 1 Grado 2 Grado 3 Grado 4
normal
respiración
Frecuencia 10-12 12-14 14-16 16-20 20-25
respiratoria respiraciones respiraciones respiraciones respiraciones respiraciones
por minuto
Regularidad Regular Regular Relativamente Irregular Acelerado
de patrón regular *Aire atrapado
respiratorio
Amplitud de la Normal Normal Más alta de lo Más alta o Más alta o
respiración normal más baja de lo más baja de lo
normal normal
Pausa natural 2-3 segundos 1-2 segundos 1 segundo Sin pausa Sin pausa
tras espiración
Patrón Dirigido Dirigido Respiración Respiración Respiración
respiratorio principalmente principalmente diafragmática torácica torácica o
por el por el o torácica clavicular
diafragma diafragma
Modo de Nasal Nasal Oral Oral Oral
respirar* Nasal Nasal Nasal
Oral/Nasal Oral/Nasal Oral/Nasal
Marca BOLT* + 30 segundos 20-30 15-20 10-15 5-10 segundos
segundos segundos segundos
RESULTADO PREVISTO
Disnea en Sin disnea Sin disnea Sin disnea Moderada Entre moderada
reposo y severa
Disnea durante Sensación de Sensación de Sensación de Sensación de Sensación de
el ejercicio falta de aire falta de aire falta de aire falta de aire falta de aire
suave (p.e., muy leve muy leve leve moderada entre moderada
caminar) y severa
VEF y CVF Normal Normal Normal/Más Más bajo de lo Más bajo de lo
esperados bajo de lo normal normal
normal
26 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
5 10 15
Tiempo
Time (Frecuencia
respiratoria) Regularidad
Regularitydel
(respiratory rate) ritmo respiratorio
of respiratory
rhythm
NOTAS:
Ventilación normal
Amplitud
5 10 15
Tiempo(s)
Grado 1
Amplitud
5 10 15
Tiempo(s)
Grado 2
Amplitud
5 10 15
Tiempo(s)
28 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
Grado 3
Amplitud
5 10 15
Tiempo(s)
Grado 4
Amplitud
5 10 15
Tiempo(s)
CAPÍTULO 21
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56 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
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39
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60 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
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Porges, S. W., «Vagal tone: a physiologic marker of stress vulnerability»,
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Bernardi, L., Gabutti, A., Porta, C. y Spicuzza, L., «Slow breathing re-
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102
Porges, S. W., «Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Physiological basis, quan-
titative methods, and clinical implications», op. cit.
103
Ibid.
104
Ma, X., Yue,Z-Q., Gong, Z-Q., Zhang, H., Duan, N-Y., Shi, YT., Wei,
G-X. y Li, Y-F., op. cit.
105
Ibid.
106
Dick, T. E., Mims J. R., Hsieh, Y-H., Morris, K. F. y Wehrwein, E. A.,«In-
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in normal humans», Respiratory physiology & neurobiology 204, 2014: 99-111.
107
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108
Bernardi, L., «Slow breathing, so simple – so complex», Centro de In-
vestigación Folkhälsan, Universidad de Helsinki, Finlandia.
109
Porges, S. W., «Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Physiological basis, quan-
titative methods, and clinical implications», op. cit.
110
Bernardi, L., Gabutti, A.,Porta, C. y Spicuzza, L., op. cit.
111
Ibid.
NotaS 71
112
Ma, X., Yue,Z-Q., Gong, Z-Q., Zhang, H., Duan, N-Y., Shi, YT., Wei,
G-X. y Li, Y-F., op. cit.
113
Lin, I. M., Tai, L. Y. y Fan, S-Y., «Breathing at a rate of 5.5 breaths per
minute with equal inhalation-to-exhalation ratio increases heart rate variabili-
ty», International Journal of Psychophysiology 91, nº 3,2014: 206-211.
114
Ma, X., Yue,Z-Q., Gong, Z-Q., Zhang, H., Duan, N-Y., Shi, YT., Wei,
G-X. y Li, Y-F., op. cit.
115
Ibid.
116
Gerritsen, R. J. S. y Band,G. PH., op. cit.
117
Singh, U. P., op. cit.
118
Ibid.
119
Clarke, J., «Soothe Your Nervous System with 2-to-1 Breathing», Yoga
International. yogainternational.com/article/view/soothe-your-nervoussystem-
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120
Ibid.
121
Bernardi, L., Sleight, P., Bandinelli, G., Cencetti, S., Fattorini, L., Wdowc-
zyc-Szulc, J. y Lagi, A., «Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic
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122
Clarke, J., op. cit.
123
Lehmann, J., «Die Kreuzfahrer, Munich (C. Bertelsmann Verlag)
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124
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125
Hyde, I. H. y Scalapino, W., «The influence of music upon electrocar-
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126
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127
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128
Bernardi, L., Porta, C. ySleight, P., «Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular,
and respiratory changes induced by different types of music in musicians and
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129
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130
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133
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28
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29
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30
O’Sullivan, P. B., Grahamslaw, K. M., Kendell, M., Lapenskie, S. C., Möller,
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31
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32
Bradley, H. y Esformes, J., op. cit.
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34
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35
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38
Perri, M. A. y Halford, E., «Pain and faulty breathing: a pilot study»,
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 8, nº 4, 2004: 297-306.
39
Bradley, H. yEsformes, J., op. cit.
40
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41
Chapman, E. B., Hansen-Honeycutt, J., Nasypany, A., Baker, R. T. y
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44
Joyner, M. J. y Casey, D. P., op. cit.
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Kiesel, K., Rhodes, T., Mueller, J., Waninger, A. y Butler, R., op. cit.
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1
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2
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3
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4
Chaitow, L., «Breathing Pattern Disorders(BPD), motor control, and
Low Back Pain».
5
Ingraham, P., «How dysfunctional breathing might be a root cause of a
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Hansen-Honeycutt, J., Chapman, E. B., Nasypany, A., Baker, R. T. y
May, J., «A clinical guide to the assessment and treatment of breathing pattern
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12
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13
Mehling, W. E., Hamel, K. A., Acree, M., Byl, N. y Hecht, F. M., «Ran-
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14
Hruska Jr, R. J., «Dysfunctional Respiratory Mechanics on Orofacial
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16
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Jalil, N. A., Awang, M. A. y Omar, M., «Scalene myofascial pain syndro-
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19
Terekhin, P. yForster, C., «Hypocapnia related changes in pain-induced
brain activation as measured by functional MRI», Neuroscience letters 400, nº
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20
Clausen, T., Scharf, A., Menzel, M., Soukup, J.,Holz, C., Rieger, A., Ha-
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21
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22
Perri, M. A. y Halford, E., «Pain and faulty breathing: a pilot Study»,
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23
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24
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25
Perri, M. A. y Halford, E., op. cit.
26
Bordoni, B. yMarelli, F., «Failed back surgery syndrome: review and new
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27
Chaitow, L., op. cit.
28
Kang, J-Y., Seo, D-K., Cho, J-C. yLee, B-K.,«Effectiveness of Breathing
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29
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30
Ibid.
31
Bahr, R., Andersen, S. O., Løken, S., Fossan, B., Hansen, T. y Holme, I.,
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32
Clifton-Smith, T., Breathing Pattern Disorders and the Athlete, 2017.
33
Chaitow, L., op. cit.
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34
McLaughlin, L., Goldsmith, C. H. yColeman, K., «Breathing evaluation
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35
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36
Perri, M. A. y Halford, E., op. cit.
37
Stanton, T. R., Leake, H. B., Chalmers, K. J. y G Moseley, G. L.,«Eviden-
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38
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39
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40
Hruska Jr, R. J., op. cit.
41
Schleifer, L. M., Ley, R. y Spalding,T. W., op. cit.
42
Ibid.
43
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46
Da Silveira, W., Carvalho de Queiroz Mello, F., Silva Guimarães, F. y
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47
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50
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51
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52
Terekhin, P. y Forster, C., op. cit.
53
Bartley, J., «Breathing and temporomandibular joint disease», Journal of
Bodywork and movement therapies 15, nº 3, 2011: 291-297.
54
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NotaS 79
55
Ibid.
56
Hruska Jr, R. J., op. cit.
57
Winocur, E., Gavish, A., Voikovitch, M., Emodi-Perlman, A. y Eli, I.,
«Drugs and bruxism: a critical review», Journal of orofacial pain 17, nº 2, 2003.
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De Vries, J., Ischebeck, B. K., Voogt, L. P., Van Der Geest, J. N., Janssen,
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Cho, B. y Yoon, J., op. cit.
80
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38
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53
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Butler, M. P., Emch, J. T., Rueschman, M., Sands, S. A., Shea, S. A.,
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Osman, A. M., Carter, S. G., Carberry, J. C. y Eckert, D. J., op. cit.
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Jordan, A. S., McSharry, D. G. y Malhotra, A., op. cit.
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Bartley, J. y Wong, C., op. cit.
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Prasad, B., Nyenhuis, S. M. yWeaver, T. E., «Obstructive sleep apnea and
asthma: associations and treatment implications», Sleep medicine reviews 18, nº
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88
Bonekat, H. W. y Hardin, K. A., «Severe upper airway obstruction du-
ring sleep»,Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 25, nº 2, 2003: 191-210.
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Prasad, B., Nyenhuis, S. M. yWeaver, T. E., op. cit.
90
Oksenberg, A., Arons, E., Radwan, H. ySilverberg, D. S., «Positional vs
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91
Ibid.
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Motta, L. J., Bachiega, J. C., Cardoso Guedes, C., Tristao Laranja, L. y
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93
Zaghi, S., Peterson, C., Shamtoob, S., Fung, B., Kwok-keung Ng, D., Ja-
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Bachour, A. y Maasilta, P., «Mouth breathing compromises adherence
to nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy», Chest 126, nº 4, 2004:
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Masa, J. F. y Corral-Peñafiel, J., «Should use of 4 hours continuous posi-
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Masa, J. F. y Corral-Peñafiel, J., op. cit.
98
Repasky, D., op. cit.
99
Bachour, A. y Maasilta, P., op. cit.
100
American Optometric Association, «Sleep apnea’s effect on the eyes»,
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101
Celmer, L., «Sleep apnea may increase risk of blindness», Sleepeduca-
tion.org. Publicado el 9 de agosto de 2013. http://sleepeducation.org/
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102
McNab, A. A., «Floppy eyelid syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea»,
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NotaS 87
1
DeLong, G.F. y Smith, J., «Habitual Mouth-Breathing and Consequent
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2
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3
Alqutami, J., Elger, W., Grafe, N., Hiemisch, A., Kiess, W. y Hirsch, C.,
«Dental health, halitosis and mouth breathing in 10-to-15 year old children: A
potential connection», European journal of paediatric dentistry 20, nº 4, 2019: 274.
4
García Triana, B. E., Ali, A. H. y Grau León, I. B., «Mouth breathing and its
relationship to some oral and medical conditions: physiopathological mechanis-
ms involved»,Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 15, nº 2, 2016: 200-212.
5
Warren, D. W., Hairfield, W. H., Seaton, D. S., Morr, K. E. y Smith, L.
R., «The relationship between nasal airway size and nasal-oral breathing»,
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 93, nº 4, 1988:
289-293.
6
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7
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8
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9
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10
Brawley, A., Silverman, B., Kearney, S., Guanzon, D., Owens, M., Ben-
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15
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88 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
16
Lee, S-Y., Guilleminault, C., Chiu, H-Y. y Sullivan, S. S., «Mouth brea-
thing, “nasal disuse,” and pediatric sleep-disordered breathing», Sleep and Brea-
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17
Catalano, P., op. cit.
18
Ibid.
19
Boyd, A., Golding, J., Macleod, J., Lawlor, D. A., Fraser, A., Henderson,
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20
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García Triana, B. E., Ali, A. H. y Grau León, I. B., op. cit.
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Lee, S-Y., Guilleminault, C., Chiu, H-Y. y Sullivan, S. S., op. cit.
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Lee, S-Y., Guilleminault, C., Chiu, H-Y. y Sullivan, S. S., op. cit.
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Medeiros da Fonseca, J. D., Gomes Benício, K. F., Resqueti, V. R., De
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32
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Catalano, P., op. cit.
39
Boyd, K. L. y Sheldon, S. H., op. cit.
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Harvold, W. P., Tomer, B. S., Vargervik, K. y Chierici, G., «Primate expe-
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44
Milanesi, J. de M., Berwig, L. C., Marquezan, M., Schuch, L. H., Bra-
gança de Moraes, A., Toniolo da Silva, A. M. y Castilhos Rodrigues Corrêa, E.,
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45
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nasal respiratory obstruction on craniofacial growth in young Macaca fuscata
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46
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49
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Alqutami, J., Elger, W., Grafe, N., Hiemisch, A., Kiess, W. y Hirsch, C.,
op. cit.
90 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
51
Garcia Costa, J., Silva Costa, G., Costa, C., De Vasconcellos Vilella, O.,
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Paolantonio, E. G., Ludovici, N., Saccomanno, S., La Torre G. y Gri-
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68
Ibid.
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Boyd, K. L. y Sheldon, S. H., op. cit.
70
Ibid.
71
Ibid.
72
Ibid.
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73
Hang, W. M. y Gelb, M., op. cit.
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Tan, H-L., Gozal, D. y Kheirandish-Gozal, L., «Obstructive sleep apnea
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Boyd, K. L. y Sheldon, S. H., op. cit.
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Rambaud, C. y Guilleminault, C., op. cit.
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80
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Tan, H-L., Gozal, D. y Kheirandish-Gozal, L., op. cit.
82
Warren, D. W., Hershey, G., Turvey, T. A., Hinton, V. A. y Hairfield, W.
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83
Kushida, C. A., Guilleminault, C., Mignot, E., Amhed, O., Won, C.,
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Ricke, L. A., Baker, N. J., Madlon-Kay, D. J. y DeFor, T. A., «Newborn
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Palmer, B. G., «Prevention-The Key to Treating OSA/SDB-Part II».
89
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Fabbie, P., Kundel, L. y Vitruk, P., «Tongue-tie functional release», Den-
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91
De Lábio, R. B., Mendes Tavares, E. L., Ceranto Alvarado, R. y Garcia
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mucosa and voice quality of 4-to 12-year-old children», Journal of Voice 26, nº
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92 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
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Dayrell Neiva, P., Paiva Franco, L., Noce Kirkwood, R. yGonçalves Bec-
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97
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García Triana, B. E., Ali, A. H. y Grau León, I. B., op. cit.
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Carlsen, K. H., Anderson, S. D., Bjermer, L., Bonini, S., Brusasco, V.,
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Kavanagh, J., Jackson, D. J. y Kent, B. D., «Sleep and asthma», Current
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Durrington, H. J., Farrow, S. N., Loudon, A. S. y Ray, D. W., op. cit.
37
Ibid.
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39
Durrington, H. J., Farrow, S. N., Loudon, A. S. y Ray, D. W., op. cit.
40
Ibid.
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57
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58
Chia, M. y Abrams, D.,The Multi-orgasmic Man, HarperCollins, 2002.
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Passie, T., Hartmann, U., Schneider, U. y Emrich, H. M, op. cit.
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63
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101
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102
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105
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106
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109
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110
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111
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112
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113
Kling, J. M., Manson, J. E., Naughton, M. J., Temkit, M., Sullivan, S. D.,
Gower, E. W., Hale, L., Weitlauf, J. C., Nowakowski, S. y Crandall, C. J., «Asso-
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114
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115
Afsahri, P., Salehnejad, Z., Hekmat, K., Abedi, P., Fakhri, A. y Haghi-
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117
Alwaal, A., Breyer, B. N. y Lue, T. F., op. cit.
118
Joshi, A. M., Raveendran, A. V. y Deshpande, S., «Role of Yoga in the
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119
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120
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125
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128
Dhikav, V., Karmarkar, G., Gupta, M. ySingh Anand, K., «Ejaculatory
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130
Joshi, A. M., Raveendran, A. V. y Deshpande, S., op. cit.
131
Ibid.
132
Alwaal, A., Breyer, B. N. y Lue, T. F.,op. cit.
133
Safron, A., «What is orgasm? A model of sexual trance and climax via
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134
Nielsen, J., Krüger, T. HC., Hartmann, U., Passie, T., Fehr, T. y Zedler,
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135
Prateek, S.,«Tantric breathing exercises and its types», Tantranectar.
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136
Urmila Neff, D., «The Divine Embrace», Yoga Journal (March-April
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137
Ibid.
138
Watts, A., Nature, Man and Woman, Vintage, 1991. [Existe traducción
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Urmila Neff, D., op. cit.
140
Mallinson, J.,The Shiva samhita: a critical edition and an English trans-
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141
Samhita, C., «The Subtle Breathing», All About Tantra. www.allabou-
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142
Turner, D., «In & Out: Breathing Exercises For Better Sex», Lelo.com.
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143
Safron, A., op. cit.
144
«Breath Control – The Basics In Sexual Continence», Sivasakti.com.
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145
Chia, M. y Abrams, D., op. cit.
146
Hellmis, E., «Sexual problems in males with epilepsy—An interdisci-
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Inoue, H., Yoshida, M., Nishio, H. yTatsumi, S., «Can hypoxia enhance
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148
Ibid.
149
Samhita, C., «The Subtle Breathing», All About Tantra. www.allabou-
ttantra.info/en/english/162-the-subtle-breathing (consultado el 2 de julio de
2020)
150
Avery, C., «Orgasmic Breathing», Thesexed.com.Publicado el 3 de oc-
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Gargaglioni, L. H., Marques, D. A. y Patrone, L. G. A., op. cit.
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Slatkovska, L., Jensen, D., Davies, G. AL. y Wolfe, L. A., «Phasic mens-
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19
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Macsali, F., Svanes, C., Bjørge, L., Omenaas, E. R., Gómez Real, F., Hut-
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21
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22
Ibid.
23
Ibid.
24
Ibid.
25
Hayatbakhsh, M. R., Sadasivam, S., Mamun, A. A., Najman, J. M., Wi-
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30
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Garrido, M., Castaño, M. Y., Biehl-Printes, C., Gomez, M. A., Branco, J.
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32
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Tomas-Carus, P., Branco, J. C., Raimundo, A., Parraca, J. A., Batalha, N.
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34
Ibid.
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Chaitow, L., ND, DO., op. cit.
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Naschitz, J. E., Mussafia-Priselac, R., Kovalev, Y., Zaigraykin, N., Elias,
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39
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Chaitow, L., op. cit.
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47
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54
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55
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57
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58
Bartley, J., op. cit.
59
Hadžiomerović, D., Moeller, K. T., Licht, P., Hein, A., Veitenhansel, S.,
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61
LeResche, L., Mancl, L., Sherman, J. J., Gandara, B. y Dworkin, S. F.,
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62
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77
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Karan, S. y Ginosar, Y., op. cit.
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38
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39
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41
Chen, Y-H., Kang, J-H., Lin C-C., Wang, I-T., Keller, J. J. y Lin, H-C.,
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43
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47
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48
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McMahon, C. A., Boivin, J., Gibson, F. L., Hammarberg, K., Wynter, K.,
Saunders, D. yFisher, J., «Pregnancy-specific anxiety, ART conception and in-
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50
Anniverno, R., Bramante, A., Mencacci, C. y Durbano, F., op. cit.
51
Ibid.
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53
Anniverno, R., Bramante, A., Mencacci, C. y Durbano, F., op. cit.
54
Wenzel, A., Haugen, E. N., Jackson, L. C. y Brendle, J. R., op. cit.
55
Beck, C. T. yDriscoll, J., Postpartum mood and anxiety disorders: A clini-
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56
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57
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58
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McMahon, C. A., Boivin, J., Gibson, F. L., Hammarberg, K., Wynter, K.,
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62
Anniverno, R., Bramante, A., Mencacci, C. y Durbano, F., op. cit.
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NotaS 121
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trual cycle», Fertility and sterility 90, nº 3, 2008: 731-736.
81
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82
Rooney, K. L. yDomar, A. D., «The relationship between stress and in-
fertility», Dialogues in clinical neuroscience 20, nº 1, 2018: 41.
83
Meuret, A. E., Rosenfield, D., Seidel, A., Bhaskara, L. y Hofmann, S. G.,
«Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder:
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84
Kloss, J. D., Perlis, M. L., Zamzow, J. A., Culnan, E. J. y Gracia, C. R.,
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85
Ibid.
86
Ibid.
87
Wang, I-D., Liu, Y-L., Peng, C-K., Chung, C-H., Chang, S-Y., Tsao, C-H.
y Chien, W-C., «Non-apnea sleep disorder increases the risk of subsequent fe-
male infertility—a nationwide population-based cohort study», Sleep 41, nº 1,
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88
Macsali, F., Svanes, C., Bjørge, L., Omenaas, E. R., Gómez Real, F.,
Hutchinson, Mathers et al.,op. cit.
89
Dratva, J., Gómez Real, F., Schindler, C., Ackermann-Liebrich, U.,
Gerbase, M. W., Probst-Hensch, N. M., Svanes, C. et al., «Is age at menopause
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two population-based Studies», Menopause 16, nº 2, 2009: 385-394.
90
Macsali, F., Svanes, C., Bjørge, L., Omenaas, E. R., Gómez Real, F.,
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91
Ibid.
92
Ibid.
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93
Chotirmall, S. H., «When Epidemiology Meets Physiology: Early Me-
nopause and Associated Respiratory Risk», 2020: 419-420.
94
Ibid.
95
Ibid.
96
Preston, M. E., Jensen, D., Janssen, I. y Fisher, J. T., «Effect of menopau-
se on the chemical control of breathing and its relationship with acid-base
status», American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative
Physiology 296, nº 3, 2009: R722-R727.
97
Ibid.
98
Campbell, B., Bui, D. S., Simpson, J. A., Lodge, C. J., Lowe, A. J., Bowatte,
G., Leynaert, B. et al., «Early Age at Natural Menopause Is Related to Lower
Post-Bronchodilator Lung Function. A Longitudinal Population-based Study»,
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99
Ibid.
100
British Menopause Society, «HRT Womens Health Initiative: the final out-
come». Publicado el 24 de abril de 2006. https://thebms.org.uk/2006/04/hrt-wo-
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101
British Menopause Society, «HRT Womens Health Initiative: the final
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underestimated/ (consultado el 11 de diciembre de 2020).
102
Ibid.
103
British Menopause Society (24 de abril de 2006), op. cit.
104
Macsali, F., Svanes, C., Bjørge, L., Omenaas, E. R., Gómez Real, F.,
Hutchinson, Mathers et al.,op. cit.
105
European Respiratory Society (ERS), «Hormone replacement therapy
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106
Ibid.
107
Polverino, F., De Torres, J. P., Santoriello, C., Capuozzo, A., Mauro, I.,
Rojas-Quintero, J., D’Agostino, B. et al., «Gas exchange and breathing pattern
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108
Mollard, E., Bilek, L. y Waltman, N., «Emerging evidence on the link
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109
Polverino, F., De Torres, J. P., Santoriello, C., Capuozzo, A., Mauro, I.,
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110
Mollard, E., Bilek, L. y Waltman, N., op. cit.
111
Ibid.
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Kelly, R. R., McDonald, L. T., Jensen, N. R., Sidles, S. J. y LaRue, A. C.,
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113
Catalano, A., Martino, G., Bellone, F., Gaudio, A., Lasco, C., Langher,
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114
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Chaitow, L., Bradley, D. y Gilbert, C., Recognizing and Treating Brea-
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Arnardottir, E. S., Janson, C., Bjornsdottir, E., Benediktsdottir, B., Julius-
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Macsali, F., Svanes, C., Bjørge, L., Omenaas, E. R., Gómez Real, F.,
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119
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18
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19
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Ibid.
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99
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100
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101
Ibid.
102
Laursen, J. C., Hansen, C. S., Bordino, M., Vistisen, D., Zobel, E. H.,
Winther, S. A., Groop, P-H., Frimodt-Møller, M., Bernardi, L. y Rossing, P., op. cit.
103
Azevedo, J. L., Carey, J. O., Pories, W. J., Morris, P. G. y Lynis Dohm, G.,
op. cit.
104
The Breathing Diabetic, op. cit.
105
Azevedo, J. L., Carey, J. O., Pories, W. J., Morris, P. G. y Lynis Dohm, G.,
op. cit.
106
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109
Azevedo, J. L., Carey, J. O., Pories, W. J., Morris, P. G. y Lynis Dohm, G.,
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110
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111
Ibid.
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114
Liu, X., Xu, D., Hall, J. R., Ross, S., Chen, S., Liu, H., Mallet, R. T. y Shi,
X., op. cit.
115
The Breathing Diabetic, op. cit.
116
Liu, X., Xu, D., Hall, J. R., Ross, S., Chen, S., Liu, H., Mallet, R. T. y Shi,
X., op. cit.
130 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
117
Ibid.
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130
Nonogaki, K., op. cit.
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132
Ibid.
133
Ibid.
134
Bernardi, L., Gordin, D., Bordino, M., Rosengård-Bärlund, M., Sande-
lin, A., Forsblom, C. y Groop, P-H., op. cit.
135
Ibid.
136
The Breathing Diabetic, op. cit.
137
Ibid.
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Kuijpers, M., Limberg, J., Dube, S., Farni, K., Basu, A., Curry, T., Basu,
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Organización Mundial de la Salud (2), «Epilepsy». Publicado el 20 de
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4
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132 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
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Rakhimov, A., op. cit.
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Fried, R., Fox, M. C. y Carlton, R. M., op. cit.
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Bergsholm, P., Gran, L. y Bleie, H., «Seizure duration in unilateral elec-
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48
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Wirrell, E. C., Camfield, P. R., Gordon, K. E., Camfield, C. S., Doo-
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50
Silva, W., Giagante, B., Saizar, R., D’ Alessio, L., Oddo, S., Consalvo, D.,
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Yang, Z. X., Liu, X. Y., Qin, J., Zhang, Y. H., Wu, Y. y Jiang, Y. W., «Cli-
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52
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53
Arain, A. M., Arbogast, P. G. y Abou-Khalil ,B. W., «Utility of daily su-
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54
Jonas, J., Vignal, J-P., Baumann, C., Anxionnat, J-F., Muresan, M.,
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55
Ma, X., Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., Liu, X., Sun, H., Qin, J., Wu, X. y Liang, J.,
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57
Posner, E., «Absence seizures in children», BMJ clinical evidence, 2013.
58
Miller, J. W., «Stopping Seizures with Carbon Dioxide: Carbon Dioxi-
de», Epilepsy currents 11, nº 4, 2011: 114-115.
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Science 2.0., «A Good Use For Carbon Dioxide – Epilepsy», publicado
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60
Ibid.
NotaS 135
61
Tolner, E. A., Hochman, D. W., Hassinen, P., Otáhal, J., Gaily, E., Haglund,
M. M., Kubová, H., Schuchmann, S., Vanhatalo, S. y Kaila, K., «Five % CO2 is a
potent, fast acting inhalation anticonvulsant», Epilepsia 52, nº 1, 2011: 104-114.
62
Ibid.
63
Miller, J. W., op. cit.
64
Yang, X-F., Shi, X-Y., Ju, J., Zhang, W-N., Liu, Y-J., Li, X-Y.y Zou, L-P.,
«5 % CO2 inhalation suppresses hyperventilation-induced absence seizures in
children», Epilepsy research 108, nº 2, 2014: 345-348.
65
Salvati, K. A. y Beenhakker, M. P., «Out of thin air: Hyperventilation-tri-
ggered seizures»,Brain research 1703, 2019: 41-52.
66
Yang, X-F., Shi, X-Y., Ju, J., Zhang, W-N., Liu, Y-J., Li, X-Y.y Zou, L-P.,
op. cit.
67
Stafstrom, C. E. y Carmant, L., op. cit.
68
Brooks-Kayal, A. R., Bath, K. G., Berg, A. T., Galanopoulou, A. S.,
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and diseas-modifying treatments affecting cognitive and neuropsychiatric co-
morbidities of Epilepsy», Epilepsia 54, 2013: 44-60.
69
Cornejo, B. J., Mesches, M. H., Coultrap, S., Browning, M. D. y Benke,
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70
Kanner, A. M., «The treatment of depressive disorders in epilepsy: what
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71
Ibid.
72
Strine, T. W., Kobau, R., Chapman, D. P., Thurman, D. J., Price, P. y
Balluz, L. S., «Psychological distress, comorbidities, and health behaviors
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view Survey», Epilepsia 46, nº 7, 2005: 1133-1139.
73
Hellmis, E., op. cit.
74
Surges, R. y Sander, J. W., «Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: me-
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75
Beerhorst, K., Van der Kruijs, S. JM., Verschuure, P., Tan, IY F. y
Aldenkamp, A. P., «Bone disease during chronic antiepileptic drug therapy:
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1-2, 2013: 19-25.
76
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77
Chiron, C., «SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography)
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759-765.
78
Leal-Campanario, R., Alarcon-Martinez, L., Rieiro, H., Martinez-Conde,
S., Alarcon-Martinez, T., Zhao, X., LaMee, J.et al., «Abnormal capillary vasody-
namics contribute to ictal neurodegeneration in epilepsy», Scientific reports 7,
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79
Gersten, A., Perle, J., Raz, A. y Fried, R., «Simple exercises that signifi-
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Gersten, A., Perle, J., Raz, A. y Fried, R., op. cit.
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84
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Haba-Rubio, J. y Rossetti, A. O., «Epilepsy and Sleep Disordered Brea-
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86
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de marzo de 2020).
87
Kaleyias, J., Cruz, M., Goraya, J. S., Valencia, I., Khurana, D. S., Legido,
A. y Kothare, S. V., «Spectrum of polysomnographic abnormalities in children
with Epilepsy», Pediatric neurology 39, nº 3, 2008: 170-176.
88
Ibid.
89
May, B.,«Risk Factors for Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Epilepsy, Psy-
chogenic Nonepileptic Seizures Identified», Neurology Advisor. Publicado el 13
de febrero de 2019. www.neurologyadvisor.com/topics/epilepsy/risk-fac-
tors-for-sleep-disordered-breathing-in-epilepsy-psychogenic-nonepileptic-sei-
zures-identified/ (consultado el 28 de marzo de 2020).
90
Sivathamboo, S., Farrand, S., Chen, Z., White, E. J., Pattichis, A. A.,
Hollis, C., Carino, J. et al., «Sleep-disordered breathing among patients admit-
ted for inpatient video-EEG monitoring», Neurology 92, nº 3, 2019: e194-e204.
91
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181.
92
Kaleyias, J., Cruz, M., Goraya, J. S., Valencia, I., Khurana, D. S., Legido,
A. y Kothare, S. V., op. cit.
93
Ibid.
94
Ibid.
95
Deane, S. y Thomson, A., «Obesity and the pulmonologist», Archives of
disease in childhood 91, nº 2, 2006: 188-191.
96
Somboon, T., Grigg-Damberger, M. M. y Foldvary-Schaefer, N., op. cit.
97
Taplinger, D., op. cit.
98
Somboon, T., Grigg-Damberger, M. M. y Foldvary-Schaefer, N., op. cit.
NotaS 137
99
Sklerov, M., Dayan, E. y Browner, N., «Functional neuroimaging of the
central autonomic network: recent developments and clinical implications»,
Clinical Autonomic Research, 2018: 1-12.
100
Billakota, S., Odom, N., Westwood, A. J., Hanna, E., Pack, A. M. y Ba-
teman, L. M., «Sleep-disordered breathing, neuroendocrine function, and cli-
nical SUDEP risk in patients with Epilepsy», Epilepsy & Behavior 87, 2018:
78-82.
101
Sklerov, M., Dayan, E. y Browner, N., op. cit.
102
Billakota, S., Odom, N., Westwood, A. J., Hanna, E., Pack, A. M. y Ba-
teman, L. M., op. cit.
103
Ibid.
104
Vitelli, O., Miano, S., Tabarrini, A., Mazzotta, A. R., Supino, M. C.,
Forlani, M. y Villa, M. P., «Epilepsy and sleep-disordered breathing as false
friends: a case report», Journal of child neurology 29, nº 10, 2014: NP114-
NP117.
105
Maganti, R., Hausman, N., Koehn, M., Sandok, E., Glurich, I. y
Mukesh, B. N., «Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep complaints among chil-
dren with Epilepsy», Epilepsy & Behavior 8, nº 1, 2006: 272-277.
106
Kaleyias, J., Cruz, M., Goraya, J. S., Valencia, I., Khurana, D. S., Legido,
A. y Kothare, S. V., op. cit.
107
Ibid.
108
Ibid.
109
Yuen, A. WC. y Sander, J. W., «Can natural ways to stimulate the vagus
nerve improve seizure control?», Epilepsy & Behavior 67, 2017: 105-110.
110
Ibid.
111
Ibid.
112
Rodriguez, T., «Addressing the Association Between Stress and Seizure
Frequency», Neurology Advisor. Publicado el 14 de abril de 2015. www.neuro-
logyadvisor.com/topics/epilepsy/addressing-the-association-be-
tween-stress-and-seizure-frequency/ (consultado el 2 de agosto de 2020).
113
Yuen, A. WC. y Sander, J. W., op. cit.
114
Khurana, D. S., Reumann, M., Hobdell, E. F., Neff, S., Valencia, I.,
Legido, A. y Kothare, S. V., «Vagus nerve stimulation in children with refractory
epilepsy: unusual complications and relationship to sleep-disordered brea-
thing», Child’s Nervous System 23, nº 11, 2007: 1309-1312.
115
Ibid.
116
Ibid.
117
Perez-Carbonell, L., Higgins, S., Koutroumanidis, M. y Leschziner, G.,
«Sleep-disordered breathing as a consequence of vagus nerve stimulation», Re-
vista de neurologia 70, nº 5, 2020: 179-182.
118
Liu, H., Yang, Z., Huang, L., Qu, W., Hao, H. y Li, L., «Heart-rate va-
riability indices as predictors of the response to vagus nerve stimulation in
patients with drug-resistant Epilepsy», Epilepsia 58, nº 6, 2017: 1015-1022.
119
Ibid.
138 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
120
Hirfanoglu, T., Serdaroglu, A., Cetin, I., Kurt, G., Capraz, I. Y., Ekici, F.,
Arhan, E. y Bilir, E., «Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on heart rate variabili-
ty in children with Epilepsy», Epilepsy & Behavior 81, 2018: 33-40.
121
Ibid.
122
Fried, R., op. cit.
123
Ibid.
124
Ibid.
125
Rodriguez, T., «Epilepsy and Migraine: A Common Ground?», Neuro-
logy Advisor. Publicado el 5 de octubre de, 2015. www.neurologyadvisor.com/
topics/epilepsy/epilepsy-and-migraine-a-common-ground/ (consultado el 2 de
agosto de 2020).
126
Fried, R., op. cit.
127
Ibid.
128
Gowers, W. R., The Border-land of Epilepsy: Faints, Vagal Attacks, Vertigo,
Migraine, Sleep Symptoms, and Their Treatment, P. Blakiston’s son & Company,
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129
Beh, S. C., Masrour, S., Smith, S. V. y Friedman, D. I., «The spectrum of
vestibular migraine: clinical features, triggers, and examination findings», Hea-
dache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 59, nº 5, 2019: 727-740.
130
Ibid.
131
Aldous Huxley, The Art of Seeing (1942), Creative Art Book Company,
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132
Chang, J., The Tao of love and sex: The ancient Chinese way to ecstasy,
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133
Cheung, C. M. G., Durrani, O. M. y Kirkby, G. R., «Sudden visual loss
in asthma», Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 95, nº 7, 2002: 359-359.
134
Fried, R., op. cit.
135
Fried, R., Fox, M. C. y Carlton, R. M., op. cit.
136
Ibid.
137
Ibid.
138
Ibid.
139
Ibid.
140
Fried, R., Rubin, S. R., Carlton, R. M. y Fox, M. C., «Behavioral control
of intractable idiopathic seizures: I. Self-regulation of end-tidal carbon dioxi-
de», Psychosomatic Medicine, 1984.
141
Fried, R., «The use of end-tidal carbon-dioxide biofeedback in the
treatment of idiopathic epilepsy», en Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, vol. 9, nº
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142
Fried, R., Fox, M. C. y Carlton, R. M., op. cit.
143
Ibid.
144
Ibid.
NotaS 139
145
Servit, Z., Krištof, M. y Strejčková, A., «Activating effect of nasal and
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146
Servit, Z., Krištof, M. y Kolinova, M., «Activation of epileptic electro-
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147
Servit, Z., Krištof, M. y Strejčková, A., op. cit.
148
Servit, Z., Krištof, M. y Kolinova, M., op. cit.
149
Servit, Z., Krištof, M. y Strejčková, A., op. cit.
150
Kristof, M., Servit, Z. y Manas, K., «Activating effect of nasal air flow on
epileptic electrographic abnormalities in the human EEG. Evidence for the reflect
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Buteyko Clinic International, «Phenotypes Of Sleep Apnea and Four
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25
Messineo, L., Taranto-Montemurro, L., Azarbarzin, A., Oliveira Marques,
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Buteyko Clinic International, «Phenotypes Of Sleep Apnea and Four
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27
Jordan, A. S., McSharry, D. G. y Malhotra, A., op. cit.
28
Osman, A. M., Carter, S. G., Carberry, J. C. y Eckert, D. J., op. cit.
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Jordan, A. S., McSharry, D. G. y Malhotra, A., op. cit.
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Osman, A. M., Carter, S. G., Carberry, J. C. y Eckert, D. J., op. cit.
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Buteyko Clinic International, «Phenotypes Of Sleep Apnea and Four
Key Traits», vídeo de YouTube, 15:41, 8 de octubre de 2018. www.youtube.
com/watch?v=GBMX_aUCo2w
40
Deacon, N. L., Jen, R., Li, Y. y Malhotra, A., op. cit.
41
Ibid.
42
Osman, A. M., Carter, S. G., Carberry, J. C. y Eckert, D. J., op. cit.
43
McNicholas, W. T., «The nose and OSA: variable nasal obstruction may
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44
Ibid.
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Courtney, R., Greenwood, K. M. y Cohen, M., «Relationships between
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NotaS 143
46
Courtney, R. y Cohen, M., «Investigating the claims of Konstantin
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47
Michels, D. de S., Silveira Rodrigues, A. de M., Nakanishi, M. Lopes
Sampaio, A. L. y Ramos Venosa, A., op. cit.
1
Alan Watson, «Breathing in singing», en G. F. Welch, D. M. Howard y J. Nix
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2
Ibid.
3
Ibid.
4
Sundberg, J., Leanderson, R. y Von Euler, C., «Voice source effects of
diaphragmatic activity in singing», Journal of phonetics 14, nº 3-4, 1986: 351-
357.
5
Watson, A. HD., Williams, C. yJames, B. V., «Activity patterns in latissi-
mus dorsi and sternocleidomastoid in classical singers», Journal of voice 26, nº
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6
Davids, J. y LaTour, S.,Vocal technique: A guide for conductors, teachers,
and singers. Waveland Press, 2012.
7
Cleveland, T. F., «Comparison of breath management strategies in clas-
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8
Ibid.
9
Davids, J. y LaTour, S., op. cit.
10
Salomoni, S., Van Den Hoorn, W. yHodges, P., «Breathing and singing:
objective characterization of breathing patterns in classical singers», PloS One
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11
Ibid.
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Collyer, S., «Breathing in classical singing: Linking science and tea-
ching», In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Performance Science,
2009, pp. 153-164.
13
Lokenbaha, M., Eglite, A. y Vavere, D., «Speech Disorders and Modern
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14
Conelea, C. A., Rice, K. A. y Woods, D. W., «Regulated breathing as a
treatment for stuttering: A review of the empirical evidence», The Journal of
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15
Leanderson, R. y Sundberg, J., «Breathing for singing», Journal of Voice 2,
nº 1, 1988: 2-12.
16
Drake, J., «Music Therapy and Communication Disabilities: Singing,
Speech, and the Brain», 2014.
17
Collyer, S., op. cit.
144 LA RESPIRACIÓN CURATIVA
18
Guyon, A. JAA., Cannavò, R., Studer, R. K., Hildebrandt, H., Danuser,
B., Vlemincx, E. y Gomez, P.,«Respiratory Variability, Sighing, Anxiety, and
Breathing Symptoms in Low-and High-Anxious Music Students Before and
After Performing», Frontiers in Psychology 11, 2020.
19
Studer, R., Danuser, B., Hildebrandt, H., Arial, M. y Gomez, P., «Hyper-
ventilation complaints in music performance anxiety among classical music
students», Journal of Psychosomatic Research 70, nº 6, 2011: 557-564.
20
Ibid.
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