CLASE 6 Gases en El Aire
CLASE 6 Gases en El Aire
CLASE 6 Gases en El Aire
Clase 6
Gases en el Aire
EFECTOS
REGULACIÓN NATURAL Daños a la vegetación en ciudades y sectores
A través de la formación de sulfatos en involucrados. Mayor frecuencia de enfermedades
soluciones acuosas que son asimiladas respiratorias, debido a la formación de tipo aerosol con
por microorganismos el vapor de agua. Acelera la corrosión del hierro. Afecta
la piedra y mármol de los edificios públicos.
Efectos en la salud por exposición al SO2
Oxidos de Nitrógeno
Dióxidos de Nitrógeno
http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/
CO2
• Es un gas que por su alta concentracion en la atmosfera puede
ser letal, por bloquear las funciones respiratorias, induciendo la
muerte por asfixia.
• Otro efecto importante de este gas es el “efecto invernadero”
• La actividad volcánica suele producir la emisión de enormes
volúmenes de este gas.
• Tiene tambien un origen antropogénico, se emite en todos los
procesos que implican combustión: a gran escala, en la obtención
de energía eléctrica a partir de combustibles fósiles, y en los
vehículos de transporte.
• En el ámbito minero, afecta tanto a las explotaciones de carbón,
como la utilización de maquinaria pesada con gran consumo de
combustibles derivados del petróleo (diesel).
Reradiated Reradiated
Heat Heat
Atmosphere
Earth Earth
El CO2 es un asfixiante simple que actúa básicamente por
desplazamiento del oxígeno y que a elevadas concentraciones (>30.000
ppm) puede causar dolor de cabeza, mareos, somnolencia y problemas
respiratorios, dependiendo de la concentración y de la duración de la
exposición.
Es un componente del aire exterior en el que se encuentra
habitualmente a niveles entre 300 y 400 ppm, pudiendo alcanzar en
zonas urbanas valores de hasta 550 ppm.
El valor límite de exposición profesional (LEP-VLA) del INSHT para
exposiciones diarias de 8 horas es de 5.000 ppm con un valor límite para
exposiciones cortas de 15 minutos de 15.000 ppm.
En la práctica, en ambientes como oficinas, escuelas y servicios en
general, se encuentran valores de 2.000 y hasta 3.000 ppm. Si se
superan estos niveles puede deberse a una combustión incontrolada, en
cuyo caso el riesgo para la salud puede no ser debido al CO2 sino a la
presencia de otros subproductos de la combustión, principalmente el
CO, cuyo límite de exposición es muy inferior (25 ppm).
COMPUESTOS ORGÁNICOS VOLÁTILES (COV)
20
15
10
5
0
1:00
3:00
5:00
7:00
9:00
11:00
13:00
15:00
17:00
19:00
21:00
23:00
ZONA LIMA CENTRO ZONA CALLAO
ZONA LIMA SUR ZONA LIMA NORTE
Fuente: DIGESA ZONA LIMA ESTE
30
20
10
0
1:00
3:00
5:00
7:00
9:00
11:00
13:00
15:00
17:00
19:00
21:00
23:00
ZONA LIMA CENTRO ZONA CALLAO
Fuente: DIGESA ZONA LIMA SUR ZONA LIMA NORTE
ZONA LIMA ESTE
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
11:00
13:00
15:00
17:00
19:00
21:00
23:00
1:00
3:00
5:00
7:00
9:00
VERANO
VERANO INVIERNO
Bióxido de Nitrógeno
Dióxido de
Azufre
(ug/m3) -
Verano
VERANO
Dióxido de Azufre INVIERNO
VARIACION MENSUAL DEL PM10 POR ESTACIONES 2012
VARIACION MENSUAL DEL PM10 POR ESTACIONES 2015
VARIACION MENSUAL DEL PM10
POR ESTACIONES 2012
DI AS/ HORAS1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
01 61.4 62.0 73.2 80.7 72.0 73.3 56.4 40.8 118.3 333.1 297.7 206.8 115.3 75.5 63.2 70.7 59.3 76.4 60.9 47.8 57.6 74.6 87.2 72.5
02 76.7 59.7 75.7 70.3 57.5 33.8 19.9 23.4 159.8 417.0 217.4 94.7 32.0 15.7 32.5 61.8 54.6 38.1 95.7 109.6 124.6 84.5 87.5 81.4
03 115.1 104.7 101.5 94.7 90.1 88.3 70.5 56.3 319.3 1108.0 254.5 117.2 36.6 77.5 101.4 115.4 83.5 85.3 88.2 114.0 114.4 117.3 101.7 118.2
04 168.8 152.3 119.3 85.7 73.9 38.5 21.8 19.6 106.4 300.8 1116.8 228.2 52.3 23.9 19.5 19.9 28.7 17.6 28.9 15.5 17.2 19.2 29.0 22.7
05 23.0 41.2 37.3 40.4 17.2 45.2 42.4 20.3 26.1 6592.3 4562.2 582.5 66.6 15.6 20.4 15.3 15.3 15.4 15.5 44.5 62.4 36.3 20.3 20.8
06 15.3 15.5 15.8 19.2 15.6 18.7 23.3 15.7 216.0 282.7 2020.7 864.0 34.1 15.9 18.6 26.7 24.3 39.0 33.4 15.5 15.4 20.4 57.4 47.5
07 38.4 27.6 42.7 31.5 33.3 15.6 20.2 16.1 19.9 26.1 45.5 22.2 26.8 36.0 25.2 47.9 38.0 46.9 52.5 50.4 33.4 38.5 27.1 19.3
08 30.7 26.1 37.5 21.8 20.6 19.0 27.9 19.5 285.3 12579.0 2631.3 7781.9 4980.2 102.3 60.7 60.3 49.8 39.5 37.9 26.9 46.4 53.9 71.8 43.5
09 15.3 26.9 20.4 43.9 53.7 56.0 64.9 185.7 6731.3 6650.0 8700.4 7992.8 3982.9 105.4 79.6 60.7 56.5 64.8 71.4 58.3 55.7 59.8 56.4 50.1
10 46.0 171.3 438.7 61.7 53.6 42.4 45.7 60.3 263.6 540.0 1196.8 1731.2 60.2 34.4 34.2 28.4 41.5 43.6 48.4 49.8 82.8 54.9 57.1 49.5
11 53.7 49.6 65.3 179.9 2999.1 1959.6 112.0 76.8 492.9 4127.9 2205.6 54.3 43.6 30.7 674.7 111.1 46.5 43.6 33.7 39.8 25.6 47.3 46.5 31.0
12 38.4 35.3 36.7 246.8 125.4 55.8 63.8 55.2 205.2 233.8 1909.5 76.8 36.9 35.2 43.8 41.4 27.7 36.0 37.3 67.2 41.3 25.2 37.1 25.8
13 38.4 48.8 28.7 17.4 15.6 41.5 45.3 33.0 216.2 524.4 6717.0 4023.1 883.9 987.9 76.3 63.6 46.6 63.3 59.8 50.1 41.8 42.7 --- 45.9
14 30.7 38.3 55.2 46.6 43.5 37.3 57.3 56.0 2352.3 2060.2 982.4 164.9 55.3 55.7 47.6 65.9 49.0 50.6 70.8 58.0 83.0 48.5 54.5 74.1
15 30.7 39.0 27.3 32.6 49.1 57.7 79.5 69.1 49.2 70.4 18118.0 5240.0 67.8 76.7 60.3 58.9 33.6 44.0 47.2 56.1 52.4 41.4 42.0 51.1
16 61.4 45.4 56.4 60.1 53.9 62.2 22.9 35.7 279.5 6598.7 15595.0 1740.7 110.4 58.4 94.2 95.2 97.7 90.4 91.2 97.4 76.4 25.1 50.8 68.4
17 153.5 5306.1 2203.0 494.0 345.5 4492.1 3883.0 6978.8 8681.4 6131.6 1851.1 2220.2 3298.3 492.4 149.9 117.5 97.1 86.3 59.6 69.8 69.8 69.4 60.8 44.8
18 69.1 68.6 59.9 52.3 45.2 60.7 87.5 67.3 108.1 66.9 51.7 54.0 80.8 89.9 103.8 69.7 70.3 35.6 46.9 55.8 50.3 40.1 45.7 138.8
19 1450.1 256.7 46.6 24.8 22.0 55.7 56.1 17.4 38.0 209.6 239.8 583.3 39.0 33.7 45.4 60.0 40.9 53.1 73.5 53.3 31.7 87.7 42.5 30.4
20 46.0 38.2 56.8 50.0 37.4 71.9 97.3 67.1 60.7 53.1 100.0 392.3 1383.3 88.2 137.6 57.5 71.2 77.9 73.0 103.2 110.9 79.3 72.4 82.8
21 61.4 65.0 71.8 101.1 61.9 64.6 81.4 864.9 1145.5 64.2 52.5 134.0 81.6 79.4 74.4 94.3 210.6 72.5 75.7 65.6 66.7 75.3 54.2 67.3
22 84.4 78.8 63.3 73.4 76.5 71.8 60.1 73.7 798.2 5960.9 803.5 521.1 47.5 91.0 80.7 66.8 52.6 67.6 67.2 63.4 75.4 84.6 68.6 107.6
23 69.1 78.8 77.5 75.0 68.1 60.8 61.1 79.6 163.8 5756.0 8533.9 8321.3 3807.1 74.6 60.5 63.2 82.0 76.5 90.7 108.1 79.0 70.3 32.8 27.7
24 15.3 34.4 54.0 34.3 30.7 35.1 49.8 61.6 717.3 4771.1 6784.6 2165.9 1332.0 62.1 52.5 45.1 68.6 67.1 53.9 28.6 50.2 61.9 63.8 44.5
25 --- 40.0 46.3 35.8 43.2 56.6 47.0 37.6 34.8 646.7 17028.0 5377.6 3846.2 1383.0 115.6 113.1 102.9 87.9 88.4 91.3 83.8 83.6 81.6 74.5
26 99.7 103.8 97.9 81.5 95.8 45.5 65.1 101.8 856.6 3081.4 686.2 135.1 70.9 76.1 90.0 78.7 90.3 86.7 87.5 81.5 84.1 63.4 59.7 55.8
27 84.4 85.2 72.8 85.2 61.9 85.0 76.7 70.1 384.5 1454.5 1862.6 2311.0 106.9 79.6 81.1 75.8 61.1 59.0 78.0 94.8 92.7 97.5 82.0 84.8
28 122.7 89.9 70.1 80.2 58.0 47.5 56.4 40.7 46.5 60.7 74.1 103.7 87.6 88.1 88.7 84.7 89.1 88.3 101.0 74.0 110.1 69.1 99.1 84.3
29 138.1 138.5 171.9 146.1 151.1 131.6 163.9 540.8 2810.0 6259.3 2842.1 3223.8 523.1 64.8 68.6 68.2 66.4 86.6 109.6 101.8 86.9 105.7 83.9 66.2
30 92.0 78.5 77.9 63.6 101.2 105.5 100.9 110.9 115.6 100.7 525.8 102.5 106.7 75.5 84.3 80.4 75.0 91.7 91.9 78.9 56.3 66.8 67.9 74.5
31 61.4 77.5 80.1 86.6 88.2 100.0 68.0 57.5 222.2 83.4 70.6 74.1 95.6 51.1 60.6 62.1 66.5 83.9 95.9 78.7 77.0 68.2 64.2 70.3
ESTACION LA OROYA ANTIGUA PM10 (µg/m3) AGOSTO 2007
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
01 38.5 30.8 24.7 27.6 24.6 24.3 23.2 27.0 32.0 38.5 53.7 53.1 55.7 34.4 47.4 56.2 55.6 46.0 59.5 72.6 74.6 60.9 50.1 40.1
02 25.7 23.9 28.5 27.5 22.7 21.8 27.1 23.5 31.5 45.6 79.2 56.1 47.9 50.9 51.3 64.9 75.8 67.2 51.6 96.1 114.3 93.0 36.1 40.4
03 39.8 44.1 35.1 29.5 29.7 35.6 36.0 25.5 32.7 66.9 106.7 46.8 45.2 55.5 89.5 49.9 49.2 62.1 85.9 95.5 111.9 99.2 51.8 42.6
04 43.2 45.5 39.7 42.6 47.9 46.5 39.8 43.3 48.2 48.7 62.3 77.0 59.9 61.8 74.4 49.4 49.9 46.1 65.0 82.9 63.4 62.7 56.5 34.8
05 36.1 40.4 37.7 32.0 33.3 43.5 36.0 28.5 32.8 70.4 181.0 221.1 72.8 56.7 96.9 62.8 54.7 60.6 70.3 61.9 67.9 75.9 51.8 35.9
06 34.7 33.4 32.5 31.6 33.3 40.6 33.1 31.2 37.5 51.9 54.6 84.8 82.0 42.3 39.6 46.2 56.0 51.4 64.2 90.5 108.5 99.4 67.0 46.9
07 55.3 40.1 41.7 48.3 38.9 43.6 37.7 43.8 40.9 39.0 32.9 34.5 39.6 42.7 46.2 53.5 54.1 58.0 62.1 110.9 121.9 73.6 53.8 41.1
08 38.8 40.3 33.2 40.4 41.5 42.9 41.0 47.9 56.4 108.9 215.9 189.5 242.5 175.2 50.8 45.8 52.6 57.8 68.5 108.0 140.0 132.3 55.3 40.5
09 36.0 39.6 40.2 43.3 41.7 41.4 49.9 63.1 90.0 184.1 284.4 233.7 232.2 164.8 39.6 43.6 51.9 67.1 68.6 84.5 92.0 112.7 52.0 33.0
10 30.0 39.4 41.9 36.1 32.2 39.1 35.0 37.1 36.8 49.7 63.5 83.4 75.5 52.5 27.0 29.0 35.2 40.0 53.4 67.9 74.3 50.8 32.7 27.9
11 31.1 33.0 33.4 37.8 84.1 196.8 118.0 30.2 36.1 63.0 132.9 109.8 43.0 37.3 47.0 48.9 47.1 43.0 58.5 75.3 81.7 48.7 53.5 35.9
12 29.6 25.3 23.2 30.7 25.1 37.5 28.5 23.3 34.7 31.8 63.2 80.4 33.1 22.6 25.5 31.3 33.5 43.7 61.7 72.1 70.8 53.3 35.0 29.7
13 31.6 25.6 29.8 29.2 27.9 25.4 22.4 24.0 39.0 65.5 90.9 158.7 124.1 61.7 35.4 31.1 24.7 36.9 57.9 92.5 88.1 63.4 --- 47.4
14 42.6 40.5 35.9 38.7 37.4 30.9 28.6 33.1 48.8 100.0 118.3 86.5 36.0 33.8 45.6 55.0 39.0 45.1 52.7 80.9 83.9 56.8 40.9 49.6
15 49.8 54.3 57.2 55.2 55.1 62.8 69.6 74.0 75.9 67.7 146.1 359.0 244.6 30.3 29.5 46.8 50.8 50.3 72.1 101.2 115.2 110.9 44.1 66.0
16 64.1 65.6 58.8 62.6 68.6 66.9 75.7 84.4 86.1 106.7 308.1 --- 110.7 40.4 37.6 37.3 59.2 66.1 81.8 101.3 124.9 94.6 88.1 77.3
17 61.4 57.9 66.5 71.5 55.5 56.7 94.6 147.9 261.6 211.0 199.6 122.2 132.9 139.2 78.2 61.8 48.9 59.9 78.3 119.8 94.0 71.6 62.0 47.1
18 32.6 36.6 33.1 31.9 30.1 37.1 45.0 45.7 40.6 43.0 37.5 39.2 36.0 32.2 46.5 51.1 47.5 56.6 77.5 73.4 137.0 101.7 33.5 32.4
19 33.2 46.3 47.6 36.8 29.6 35.7 50.0 45.9 29.4 35.4 45.1 56.6 77.8 51.0 70.5 57.4 51.5 57.2 73.4 75.5 86.3 141.2 55.7 45.8
20 37.0 36.0 41.6 59.5 61.2 74.5 94.7 86.8 67.9 53.6 32.7 38.1 46.6 51.9 29.9 33.7 42.7 52.6 82.0 107.1 76.3 74.5 37.3 51.5
21 42.1 34.8 27.1 30.9 29.1 33.2 37.7 58.2 105.8 90.2 25.5 33.6 35.6 40.4 34.7 34.8 44.4 45.5 60.7 63.1 55.0 46.7 34.3 40.2
22 48.2 42.6 38.6 31.1 30.1 38.0 38.3 32.3 44.1 89.5 137.3 72.0 62.5 24.9 31.3 25.8 30.5 34.8 41.7 43.7 46.5 56.7 47.7 59.9
23 47.3 46.9 38.6 34.1 35.2 31.8 41.0 37.8 41.0 74.0 161.7 217.6 245.5 109.8 19.9 36.0 62.2 64.6 62.3 67.3 73.2 71.9 64.3 63.3
24 63.2 65.1 60.5 53.2 46.2 44.6 46.4 50.4 62.3 95.6 177.4 198.8 136.1 83.5 42.9 47.5 61.8 61.8 75.7 84.8 75.5 67.2 72.3 82.6
25 --- 75.7 65.8 52.7 47.7 49.3 43.4 43.0 45.9 51.3 148.0 350.8 203.4 131.0 77.8 56.8 70.0 81.5 96.2 100.8 100.5 94.8 98.6 102.9
26 98.7 91.1 82.1 91.2 92.7 96.8 98.4 107.4 113.1 124.3 152.0 107.9 79.6 67.6 62.2 67.4 59.5 66.5 84.1 121.0 129.6 84.8 75.7 62.2
27 47.7 47.6 42.7 46.1 46.4 46.0 48.1 46.5 45.5 66.1 114.4 98.8 104.3 35.9 41.6 39.3 34.3 45.5 58.7 81.9 93.4 72.5 52.4 45.0
28 34.5 33.7 31.5 35.8 36.1 50.5 46.8 35.4 42.6 36.0 31.3 29.9 33.0 40.2 55.4 40.6 39.4 77.3 128.9 87.1 81.7 48.2 52.9 49.6
29 44.7 52.9 60.6 53.3 46.8 43.7 53.9 67.1 82.9 139.7 148.1 119.2 136.4 62.8 28.8 30.1 34.3 48.1 63.6 61.9 70.1 90.0 41.0 35.3
30 20.4 15.8 23.5 28.0 25.6 29.2 28.1 23.5 33.5 31.4 23.3 41.0 37.8 64.2 25.9 26.4 30.0 35.0 47.3 72.9 73.6 44.5 23.8 34.3
31 30.8 23.2 13.6 6.6 9.0 16.3 20.5 21.5 31.8 25.2 22.5 26.4 29.4 40.4 41.3 38.0 37.4 50.0 77.6 77.6 106.1 90.4 37.6 31.9
ESTACION LA OROYA ANTIGUA TEMPERATURA DEL AIRE (⁰C) AGOSTO 2007
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
01 2.7 1.8 0.8 0.1 -0.7 -1.6 -2.3 -2.2 1.5 6.0 11.0 15.4 17.6 16.3 14.6 12.4 10.0 8.5 8.0 7.9 6.9 6.4 5.3 4.2
02 3.3 2.3 1.6 0.8 0.1 -0.7 -1.2 -0.9 2.5 7.1 12.0 14.7 14.4 13.7 12.4 11.3 8.7 7.7 7.4 6.9 6.2 5.2 4.2 3.2
03 2.2 1.4 0.6 0.0 -0.7 -1.1 -1.6 -1.1 2.9 6.6 8.9 12.4 14.5 13.5 13.3 12.4 10.7 9.2 8.3 7.3 6.8 6.3 5.7 5.3
04 4.6 3.5 3.2 2.7 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.9 4.5 7.5 9.7 12.4 13.0 13.9 13.9 13.3 11.6 9.7 8.3 7.9 8.1 7.6 6.3 5.5
05 5.1 4.6 3.7 3.2 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.8 5.5 10.2 12.0 12.8 14.1 14.2 14.0 13.1 11.3 9.6 8.7 8.3 8.3 8.1 7.0 5.7
06 4.6 3.7 2.7 1.9 1.2 1.4 1.9 2.3 3.6 5.1 10.5 14.8 16.3 16.8 16.9 15.1 13.0 10.9 9.5 8.9 9.0 8.9 8.4 7.3
07 6.3 5.4 4.4 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.8 5.3 8.4 11.2 12.3 13.5 13.4 12.6 11.3 9.4 8.5 8.1 7.9 7.5 5.9 4.9
08 3.7 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.4 2.6 2.6 7.2 10.3 12.4 15.0 16.3 15.4 15.6 14.7 11.5 10.2 9.5 9.5 9.3 8.3 7.2 7.0
09 6.9 7.0 6.9 6.0 5.0 4.2 3.6 4.3 7.5 10.4 13.4 16.3 17.2 16.3 15.5 13.3 11.0 10.2 9.8 9.6 9.2 8.8 8.4 8.3
10 8.3 7.2 5.8 4.7 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.5 5.6 6.8 9.3 11.9 14.0 15.0 15.3 15.2 13.4 11.1 9.2 8.2 7.4 6.9 6.6 6.7
11 6.4 6.2 6.4 5.9 5.7 5.3 4.2 3.8 6.1 9.6 12.3 11.5 10.9 10.8 11.9 12.1 11.0 9.8 8.9 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.3 6.8
12 6.9 6.8 6.3 5.4 4.3 3.4 2.7 3.0 6.6 9.8 11.8 14.6 15.8 16.0 15.7 15.1 13.4 11.8 10.1 8.7 7.8 6.5 5.8 5.2
13 4.2 3.3 2.4 1.6 0.9 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 3.7 8.3 13.9 16.2 17.5 18.1 18.0 17.9 16.3 14.1 12.0 10.4 8.9 6.6 --- 3.5
14 2.2 1.1 0.2 -0.5 -1.3 -2.0 -2.5 -1.4 3.4 7.0 11.1 15.2 15.5 16.4 16.6 15.9 14.3 12.7 10.8 9.2 7.9 6.2 4.9 3.6
15 2.2 1.4 0.6 -0.3 -1.0 -1.6 -2.2 -1.6 1.4 7.0 12.4 14.9 15.5 16.6 16.0 15.1 13.3 11.6 9.9 8.7 7.6 6.2 5.3 4.2
16 3.1 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.7 1.1 5.1 9.1 13.7 15.1 16.7 15.6 15.8 15.5 13.4 10.2 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.0
17 7.7 7.5 6.9 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.6 8.1 9.0 10.6 11.6 11.9 8.5 12.6 14.3 12.5 10.8 9.3 8.7 8.6 8.8 8.6 7.5
18 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.1 5.2 5.8 7.0 8.9 10.0 12.9 14.3 17.1 14.8 14.9 12.3 9.7 8.4 8.1 8.4 8.5 8.2 7.3
19 6.2 5.2 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.4 4.6 8.9 12.9 15.5 16.3 16.1 14.8 13.5 12.0 9.6 7.9 7.0 6.7 6.1 5.3 4.4
20 3.7 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.3 4.1 5.5 8.9 10.2 13.3 16.0 17.2 17.5 15.2 13.0 10.6 8.6 8.1 7.3 5.8 4.8 3.9
21 3.1 2.2 1.5 0.7 0.1 -0.2 0.4 2.8 4.6 6.1 10.3 13.8 16.0 16.7 16.7 16.2 14.7 12.2 10.2 8.3 7.2 5.5 4.2 3.4
22 2.2 1.2 0.1 -0.5 -1.3 -2.0 -2.5 -1.6 2.5 7.8 12.3 14.9 16.1 16.4 16.1 15.9 14.7 12.4 10.1 8.6 7.0 5.4 3.7 2.7
23 1.4 0.6 -0.3 -1.3 -2.0 -2.4 -2.7 -1.8 1.9 8.1 12.9 16.3 18.3 18.4 18.2 17.6 16.1 13.2 11.0 9.3 8.1 6.7 5.2 3.9
24 2.7 1.6 0.9 0.2 -0.6 -1.1 -1.6 -0.7 3.7 8.6 14.1 17.2 18.6 18.1 18.2 17.6 16.5 13.9 11.8 9.9 8.7 7.3 5.8 4.7
25 --- 2.6 2.0 1.0 0.2 -0.6 -1.3 -0.6 3.4 8.5 14.2 17.5 19.3 19.7 19.1 17.1 14.7 11.5 9.7 8.8 8.4 6.9 5.9 5.0
26 4.0 3.1 2.7 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.2 4.8 9.4 12.9 14.8 16.2 16.5 16.2 15.6 13.7 10.9 9.7 9.3 9.3 9.2 8.7 7.2
27 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.9 8.0 9.6 11.7 13.9 16.2 16.5 17.2 16.8 15.5 11.2 9.8 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.4
28 9.2 8.8 8.7 8.4 8.0 7.7 7.2 8.1 10.0 11.6 13.9 16.6 18.1 18.3 16.2 13.1 11.8 11.4 10.9 10.2 9.3 8.3 7.9 6.9
29 7.0 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.8 7.4 9.6 10.1 11.3 12.8 14.5 15.0 13.4 13.7 12.6 10.4 9.4 8.7 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.7
30 8.2 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.7 9.1 10.4 11.0 13.6 14.7 14.4 13.3 11.1 9.7 8.6 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1 7.7
31 6.8 6.7 6.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.4 6.2 8.0 8.8 10.6 11.0 12.3 13.3 13.0 11.7 11.8 9.8 8.1 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.0