Ejercitario Resuelto-Muros de Contención
Ejercitario Resuelto-Muros de Contención
Ejercitario Resuelto-Muros de Contención
SOLUCION
kN kN
H1 ≔ 2 m ϕ' ≔ 34° γ ≔ 15.5 ――3
γsat ≔ 18.5 ―― OCR ≔ 1
m m3
kN
H2 ≔ 3 m H≔5 m q ≔ 20 ―― c' ≔ 0
m2 kN kN
γ' ≔ γsat - 9.81 ――3
= 8.69 ――
m m3
Ko ≔ 1 - sin ((ϕ')) = ?
kN
A1 ≔ Ko ⋅ q ⋅ H1 = ? ――
m
Ko kN
A2 ≔ ― ⋅ H1 2 ⋅ γ = ? ――
2 m
kN
A3 ≔ Ko ⋅ ⎛⎝H1 ⋅ γ + q⎞⎠ ⋅ H2 = 0.1 ――
m
H2 2 kN
A4 ≔ Ko ⋅ ―― ⋅ γ' = 17.238 ――
2 2
m
kN H2 kN
⎛⎝9.729 ⋅ 10 -5⎞⎠ ――
A5 ≔ ((9.81)) ―― ⋅ ―― =
m3 2 m
2
kN H2 kN
( )
A5 ≔ (9.81) ――3
⋅ ―― = ⎛⎝9.729 ⋅ 10 -5⎞⎠ ――
m 2 m
kN
Po ≔ A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 + A5 = 160.124 ――
m
⎛ H1 ⎞ ⎛ H1 ⎞ ⎛ H2 ⎞ ⎛ H1 ⎞
A1 ⋅ ⎜―― + H2⎟ + A2 ⋅ ⎜―― + H2⎟ + A3 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ + ((A4 + A5)) ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
Z ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――= 1.641 m
Po
SOLUCION
kN
H ≔ 6.4 m ϕ' ≔ 0° γ ≔ 17.76 ――
m3
kN
cu ≔ 30.2 ―― c' ≔ cu
m2
a)
2
⎛ ϕ' ⎞
Ka ≔ tan ⎜45° - ―⎟ = 1
⎝ 2⎠
2
⎛ ϕ' ⎞ kN
Ka ≔ tan ⎜45° - ―⎟ = 1 γ ≔ 17.76 ――
⎝ 2⎠ m3
P/ z1 ≔ 0 m
2
‾‾‾ kN
σa1 ≔ γ ⋅ z1 - 2 ⋅ cu ⋅ Ka = -60.4 ――
m2
P/ z2 ≔ 6.4 m
2
‾‾‾ kN
σa2 ≔ γ ⋅ z2 - 2 ⋅ cu ⋅ Ka = 53.264 ――
m2
2 ⋅ c'
b) Zc ≔ ―――2
= 3.401 m
γ ⋅ ‾‾‾Ka
c)
1 2 kN
Antes de la G.T. Pa ≔ ―⋅ γ ⋅ H 2 ⋅ Ka - 2 ⋅ c' ⋅ H ⋅ ‾‾‾
Ka = -22.835 ――
2 m
Despues de la G.T.
1 kN
Pa ≔ ―⋅ ⎛⎝H - Zc⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝γ ⋅ H ⋅ Ka - 2 ⋅ c' ⋅ ‾‾‾
Ka ⎞⎠ = 79.872 ――
2
2 m
d) ⎛
2
ϕ' ⎞
Kp ≔ tan ⎜45° + ―⎟ = 1
⎝ 2⎠
P/ z1 ≔ 0 m
2
‾‾‾ kN
σp1 ≔ Kp ⋅ γ ⋅ z1 + 2 ⋅ cu ⋅ Kp = 60.4 ――
m2
P/ z2 ≔ 6.4 m
2
‾‾‾ kN
σp2 ≔ Kp ⋅ γ ⋅ z2 + 2 ⋅ cu ⋅ Kp = 174.064 ――
m2
1 2 kN
Pp ≔ ―⋅ γ ⋅ H 2 ⋅ Kp + 2 ⋅ c' ⋅ H ⋅ ‾‾‾
Kp = 750.285 ――
2 m
3) En la figura se muestra un muro de contención. Determine la fuerza activa
de Rankine, Pa, por unidad de longitud de la pared y la ubicación de la
resultante para el siguiente caso:
H = 6 m, H1= 3 m, γ 1 = 15.5 kN/m3, γ 2 = 19.0 kN/m3, ϕ'1 = 30°, ϕ'2 = 36°,
q = 15 kN/m2
Obs: en este ejercicio
contamos con 2 franjas
de estratificaciones
diferentes, por ello
cuentan con diferentes
ángulos de fricción
SOLUCION
kN kN kN
H≔6 m H1 ≔ 3 m q ≔ 15 ――2
γ1 ≔ 15.5 ―― γ2 ≔ 19 ――
m m3 m3
ϕ'1 ≔ 30° ϕ'2 ≔ 36°
H2 ≔ H - H1 = 3 m
c'1 ≔ 0 c'2 ≔ 0
2 2
⎛ ϕ'1 ⎞ ⎛ ϕ'2 ⎞
Ka1 ≔ tan ⎜45° - ―― ⎟ = 0.333 Ka2 ≔ tan ⎜45° - ―― ⎟ = 0.26
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
kN
A1 ≔ Ka1 ⋅ q ⋅ H1 = 15 ――
m
Ka1 2 kN
A2 ≔ ―― ⋅ H1 ⋅ γ1 = 23.25 ――
2 m
kN
A3 ≔ Ka2 ⋅ ⎛⎝q + H1 ⋅ γ1⎞⎠ ⋅ H2 = 47.899 ――
m
H2 2 ⎛⎛ kN ⎞ kN ⎞ kN
A4 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎜⎜γ2 - 9.81 ――
3 ⎟
⋅ Ka2 + 9.81 ――
3 ⎟
= 54.881 ――
2 ⎝⎝ m ⎠ m ⎠ m
kN
Pa ≔ A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 = 141.031 ――
m
⎛ H1 ⎞ ⎛ H1 ⎞ ⎛ H2 ⎞ ⎛ H2 ⎞
A1 ⋅ ⎜―― + H2⎟ + A2 ⋅ ⎜―― + H2⎟ + A3 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ + ((A4)) ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
Z ≔ ―――――――――――――――――― = 2.037 m
Pa
SOLUCION
SOLUCION
kN kN
L1 ≔ 2 m ϕ' ≔ 32° γ ≔ 15.9 ―― γsat ≔ 19.33 ――
m3 m3
kN
L2 ≔ 3 m σperm ≔ 172 ⋅ 10 3 ――
m2
2
⎛ ϕ' ⎞
Paso 1 Ka ≔ tan ⎜45° - ―⎟ = 0.307
⎝ 2⎠ kN kN
γ' ≔ γsat - 9.81 ――3
= 9.52 ――
2 m m3
⎛ ϕ' ⎞
Kp ≔ tan ⎜45° + ―⎟ = 3.255
⎝ 2⎠
Paso 2
kN
σ'1 ≔ γ ⋅ L1 ⋅ Ka = 9.771 ――
m2
kN
σ'2 ≔ ⎛⎝γ ⋅ L1 + γ' ⋅ L2⎞⎠ ⋅ Ka = 18.546 ――
m2
Paso 3 σ'2
L3 ≔ ―――― = 0.661 m
γ' ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠
kN
σ'5 ≔ ⎛⎝γ ⋅ L1 + γ' ⋅ L2⎞⎠ ⋅ Kp + γ' ⋅ L3 ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠ = 214.993 ――
m2
Paso 4 σ'2 L2 σ'1 kN
P ≔ L3 ⋅ ―― + ⎛⎝σ'2 - σ'1⎞⎠ ⋅ ―+ σ'1 ⋅ L2 + L1 ⋅ ―― = 58.376 ――
2 2 2 m
⎛⎛ L1 ⎞ ⎛ L1 ⎞ ⎛ L2 ⎞ L2 ⎛ L2 ⎞ ⎛ L3 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞⎞
⎜⎜σ'1 ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ⎜L3 + L2 + ―⎟ + ⎛⎝L2 ⋅ σ'1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜L3 + ―⎟ + ― ⋅ ⎛⎝σ'2 - σ'1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜L3 + ―⎟ + ⎜σ'2 ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⋅ L3⎟⎟
⎝⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠⎠
Z ≔ ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
P
Z = 2.23 m
Paso 5
σ'5 6 ⋅ P ⋅ ⎛⎝2 ⋅ Z ⋅ γ' ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠ + σ'5⎞⎠
A'1 ≔ ―――― = 7.662 m A'3 ≔ ―――――――――― = 151.328 m 3
γ' ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠ 2
γ' 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠
Paso 6
a) Dteorica ≔ L3 + L4 = 5.461 m
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
((2 ⋅ P))
c) Z' ≔ ―――― = 2.04 m
γ' ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠
⎛1 ⎞ 1 m
Mmax ≔ P ⋅ ((Z + Z')) - ⎜―⋅ γ' ⋅ Z' 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠⎟ ⋅ ―⋅ Z' = 209.577 kN ⋅ ―
⎝2 ⎠ 3 m
Mmax m3
S ≔ ――= 1.218 10 -3 ――
σperm m
SOLUCION
SOLUCION
kN
L≔5 m ϕ' ≔ 29° γ ≔ 17.3 ――
m3
2
⎛ ϕ' ⎞
Paso 1 Ka ≔ tan ⎜45° - ―⎟ = 0.347
⎝ 2⎠
2
⎛ ϕ' ⎞
Kp ≔ tan ⎜45° + ―⎟ = 2.882
⎝ 2⎠
Paso 2
kN
σ'2 ≔ ((γ ⋅ L)) ⋅ Ka = 30.013 ――
m2
Paso 3 σ'2
L3 ≔ ――――= 0.684 m
γ ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠
kN
σ'5 ≔ ((γ ⋅ L)) ⋅ Kp + γ ⋅ L3 ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠ = 279.311 ――
m2
Paso 4 σ'2 L3 kN
P ≔ L ⋅ ―― + σ'2 ⋅ ―= 85.303 ――
2 2 m
L ⋅ ⎛⎝2 ⋅ Ka + Kp⎞⎠
Z ≔ ―――――= 2.351 m
3 ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠
Paso 5
σ'5 6 ⋅ P ⋅ ⎛⎝2 ⋅ Z ⋅ γ' ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠ + σ'5⎞⎠
A'1 ≔ ――――= 6.369 m A'3 ≔ ―――――――――― = 104.52 m 3
γ ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠ 2
γ 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝Kp - Ka⎞⎠
Paso 6
a) Dteorica ≔ L3 + L4 = 2.517 m
Arena
kN
γsat ≔ 19.4 ――c' ≔ 0 ϕ' ≔ 32°
m3
kN
Arcilla c' ≔ 47 ―― ϕ' ≔ 0°
m2
SOLUCION
kN kN
L1 ≔ 2 m ϕ' ≔ 32° γ ≔ 15 ―― γsat ≔ 19.4 ――
m3 m3
kN
L2 ≔ 3 m σperm ≔ 172.5 ⋅ 10 3 ――
m2
2
⎛ ϕ' ⎞
Paso 1 Ka ≔ tan ⎜45° - ―⎟ = 0.307
⎝ 2⎠ kN kN
γ' ≔ γsat - 9.81 ――3
= 9.59 ――
2 m m3
⎛ ϕ' ⎞
Kp ≔ tan ⎜45° + ―⎟ = 3.255
⎝ 2⎠
Paso 2
Paso 2
kN
σ'1 ≔ γ ⋅ L1 ⋅ Ka = 9.218 ――
m2
kN
σ'2 ≔ ⎛⎝γ ⋅ L1 + γ' ⋅ L2⎞⎠ ⋅ Ka = 18.058 ――
m2
Paso 3
kN
σ'6 ≔ 4 ⋅ c' - ⎛⎝γ ⋅ L1 + γ' ⋅ L2⎞⎠ = 129.23 ――
m2
kN
σ'7 ≔ 4 ⋅ c' + ⎛⎝γ ⋅ L1 + γ' ⋅ L2⎞⎠ = 246.77 ――
m2
Paso 4 L2 L1 kN
P1 ≔ ⎛⎝σ'2 - σ'1⎞⎠ ⋅ ―+ σ'1 ⋅ ―+ L2 ⋅ σ'1 = 50.131 ――
2 2 m
Paso 5
⎛⎛ L1 ⎞ ⎛ L1 ⎞ ⎛ L2 ⎞ L2 ⎛ L2 ⎞⎞
⎜⎜σ'1 ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ ⎜L2 + ―⎟ + ⎛⎝L2 ⋅ σ'1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + ―⋅ ⎛⎝σ'2 - σ'1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜―⎟⎟
⎝⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝2⎠ 2 ⎝ 3 ⎠⎠
Z1 ≔ ――――――――――――――――――― = 1.766 m
P1
Paso 6 P1 ⋅ ⎛⎝P1 + 12 ⋅ c' ⋅ Z1⎞⎠
a) Dteorica 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝σ'6⎞⎠ - 2 ⋅ Dteorica ⋅ P1 - ――――――― =? 0
⎛⎝γ ⋅ L1 + γ' ⋅ L2⎞⎠ + 2 ⋅ c'
Dteorica ≔ 1.929 m
D ≔ Dteorica
1 m
Mmax ≔ P1 ⋅ ⎛⎝Z1 + Z'⎞⎠ - ⎛⎝σ'6⎞⎠ ⋅ ―⋅ Z' 2 = 98.261 kN ⋅ ―
2 m
Mmax m3
S ≔ ――= 0.57 10 -3 ――
σperm m