Materials Seminar 1

SEMINAR 1.
PRECONTRACTUAL LIABILITY AND CONTRACT FORMATION
ART. 1262 OF THE SPANISH CIVIL CODE AND ART. 54 OF THE SPANISH COMMERCIAL CODE1
(…) Hallándose en lugares distintos el que hizo la oferta y el que la aceptó, hay consentimiento desde que el oferente conoce la
aceptación o desde que, habiéndosela remitido el aceptante, no pueda ignorarla sin faltar a la buena fe. (…)
En los contratos celebrados mediante dispositivos automáticos hay consentimiento desde que se manifiesta la aceptación.
ART. 1245 PROPUESTA DE MODERNIZACIÓN DEL CÓDIGO CIVIL EN MATERIA DE OBLIGACIONES Y CONTRATOS
1. Las partes son libres para entablar negociaciones dirigidas a la formación de un contrato, así como para abandonarlas o romperlas
en cualquier momento.
2. En la negociación de los contratos, las partes deberán actuar de acuerdo con las exigencias de la buena fe.
3. Si durante las negociaciones, una de las partes hubiera facilitado a la otra una información con carácter confidencial, el que la
hubiera recibido sólo podrá revelarla o utilizarla en la medida que resulte del contenido del contrato que hubiera llegado a celebrarse.
4. La parte que hubiera procedido con mala fe al entablar o interrumpir las negociaciones será responsable de los daños causados a la
otra. En todo caso, se considera contrario a la buena fe entrar en negociaciones o continuarlas sin intención de llegar a un acuerdo.
5. La infracción de los deberes de que tratan los apartados anteriores dará lugar a la indemnización de daños y perjuicios. En el
supuesto del apartado anterior, la indemnización consistirá en dejar a la otra parte en la situación que tendría si no hubiera iniciado las
negociaciones.
UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOOD (CISG)2
Article 14
(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and
indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance. A proposal is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and
expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price.
(2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as an invitation to make offers,
unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal.
Article 15
(1) An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.
(2) An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer.
Article 16
(1) Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance.
(2) However, an offer cannot be revoked:
(a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable; or
(b) if it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance on the offer.
Article 17
An offer, even if it is irrevocable, is terminated when a rejection reaches the offeror.
Article 18
(1) A statement made by or other conduct of the offeree indicating assent to an offer is an acceptance. Silence or inactivity does not in
itself amount to acceptance.
(2) An acceptance of an offer becomes effective at the moment the indication of assent reaches the offeror. An acceptance is not
effective if the indication of assent does not reach the offeror within the time he has fixed or, if no time is fixed, within a reasonable
time, due account being taken of the circumstances of the transaction, including the rapidity of the means of communication employed
by the offeror. An oral offer must be accepted immediately unless the circumstances indicate otherwise.
1 An English version is available at

http://www.mjusticia.gob.es/cs/Satellite/Portal/1292427177941?blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername1=Content-
Disposition&blobheadervalue1=attachment%3B+filename%3DSpanish_Civil_Code_%28Codigo_Civil%29.PDF
2 The Spanish version is available at http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/spanish/texts/sales/cisg/V1057000-CISG-s.pdf
(3) However, if, by virtue of the offer or as a result of practices which the parties have established between themselves or of usage, the
offeree may indicate assent by performing an act, such as one relating to the dispatch of the goods or payment of the price, without
notice to the offeror, the acceptance is effective at the moment the act is performed, provided that the act is performed within the
period of time laid down in the preceding paragraph.
Article 19
(1) A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection of the
offer and constitutes a counter-offer.
(2) However, a reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additional or different terms which do not materially
alter the terms of the offer constitutes an acceptance, unless the offeror, without undue delay, objects orally to the discrepancy or
dispatches a notice to that effect. If he does not so object, the terms of the contract are the terms of the offer with the modifications
contained in the acceptance.
(3) Additional or different terms relating, among other things, to the price, payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of
delivery, extent of one party’s liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are considered to alter the terms of the offer materially.
Article 20
(1) A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror in a telegram or a letter begins to run from the moment the telegram is handed
in for dispatch or from the date shown on the letter or, if no such date is shown, from the date shown on the envelope. A period of
time for acceptance fixed by the offeror by telephone, telex or other means of instantaneous communication, begins to run from the
moment that the offer reaches the offeree.
(2) Official holidays or non-business days occurring during the period for acceptance are included in calculating the period. However, if
a notice of acceptance cannot be delivered at the address of the offeror on the last day of the period because that day falls on an official
holiday or a non-business day at the place of business of the offeror, the period is extended until the first business day which follows.
Article 21
(1) A late acceptance is nevertheless effective as an acceptance if without delay the offeror orally so informs the offeree or dispatches a
notice to that effect.
(2) If a letter or other writing containing a late acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had
been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without delay, the
offeror orally informs the offeree that he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that effect.
Article 22
An acceptance may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance would have
become effective.
Article 23
A contract is concluded at the moment when an acceptance of an offer becomes effective in accordance with the provisions of this
Convention.
Article 24
For the purposes of this Part of the Convention, an offer, declaration of acceptance or any other indication of intention “reaches” the
addressee when it is made orally to him or delivered by any other means to him personally, to his place of business or mailing address
or, if he does not have a place of business or mailing address, to his habitual residence.

Materials Seminar 1

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Materials Seminar 1

Cargado por

Información del documento

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Materials Seminar 1

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

SEMINAR 1.

PRECONTRACTUAL LIABILITY AND CONTRACT FORMATION

1 An English version is available at

También podría gustarte