Importancia Medica de Los Insectos Heteropteros
Importancia Medica de Los Insectos Heteropteros
Importancia Medica de Los Insectos Heteropteros
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DALMIRO CAZORLA *
Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda (UNEFM), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Decanato de
Investigaciones, Laboratorio de Entomología, Parasitología y Medicina Tropical (LEPAMET), Coro, Venezuela
*
Correspondencia: Dalmiro Cazorla , E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected]
RESUMEN
Los heterópteros (Heteroptera) o “chinches verdaderos” son insectos del orden Hemiptera que poseen un
aparato bucal picador-chupador con hábitos alimentarios muy variados, incluyendo fitofagia en la mayoría de
las especies, hemolinfagia (zoofagia, entomofagia) y hematofagia. Varios taxones de heterópteros pueden
causar molestias o daños al ser humano, ya sea mediante picaduras adventicias de especies fitófagas o
zoófagas, o transmitiendo agentes patógenos y/o provocando potencialmente shock anafilácticos severos de
especies con hematofagia obligatoria. Por ello, se presentan comentarios y se revisa la literatura científica
acerca de la importancia sanitaria de los hemípteros-heterópteros.
ABSTRACT
Heteropterans (Heteroptera) or “true bugs” are insects in the order Hemiptera that possess piercing-sucking
mouthparts with a wide variety of feeding habits, including phytophagy in most of species, hemolymphagy
(zoophagy, entomophagy) and hematophagy. Several heteropteran taxa can be a nuisance to humans, either
through adventitious bites of phytophagous and zoophagous species, or transmitting pathogens and/or
potentially causing severe anaphylactic shock from species with obligatory hematophagy. Thus, comments are
presented and a scientific literature review is made about the sanitary relevance of hemiptera-heteropteran
insects.
Familia Género/especie
Alydidae Alydus F. spp.
Anthocoridae Anthocoris nemorum L.; Anthocoris musculus Say, 1832; Orius insidiosus Say, 1832; Orius
majusculus Reuter, 1879; Orius tristicolor White, 1879
Belostomatidae Abedus Stål, 1862 spp.; Abedus herberti Hidalgo, 1935; Belostoma Latreille, 1807; Belostoma
bifoveolatum Spinola, 1852; Belostoma elegans Mayr, 1871; Belostoma anurum Herrich-Schäffer,
1848; Benacus Stål, 1861 spp.; Benacus griseus Say, 1823; Lethocerus Mayr, 1853 spp.;
Lethocerus uhleri Montandon, 1896; Lethocerus delpontei De Carlo, 1931; Lethocerus medius
Guérin-Méneville, 1857; Lethocerus americanus Leydi, 1847
Cimicidae Bucimex chilensis Usinger, 1963; Cimex lectularius L.; Cimex hemipterus F.; Cimex pipistrelli
Jenyns, 1839 (mordida experimental); Cimex pilosellus Horvath, 1910; Cimex adjuntus Barber,
1939; Cimex insuetus Ueshima, 1966; Cimexopsis nyctalis List, 1925; Haematosiphon inodorus
Duges, 1892; Leptocimex boueti Brumpt, 1910; Oeciacus hirundinis Lamarck, 1816; Oeciacus
vicarius Horváth, 1912; Stricticimex antennatus Ferris y Usinger, 1957; Stricticimex parvus
Ueshima, 1968
Coreidae Leptoglossus chilensis (Spinola, 1852); Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910; Leptoglossus
concaviusculus Berg, 1892
Corixidae Sigara F. spp.; Sigara trimaculata Le Guillou, 1841; Corixa Geoffroy, 1762 spp.
Cydnidae Aethus pseudindicus Lis, 1993; Chilocoris assmuthi Breddin, 1904; Macroscytus brunneus
Fabricius, 1803
Lyctocoridae Dufouriellus ater Dufour, 1833; Lyctocoris campestris F.; Xylocoris afer Reuter, 1884; Xylocoris
galactinus Fieber, 1837; Xylocoris nigromarginatus Carayon, 1972
Lygaeidae Artheneis alutacea Fieber, 1861; Clerada Signoret, 1863 spp.; Clerada apicicornis Signoret, 1862;
Clerada nidícola Bergroth, 1914; Geocoris Fallen, 1814 spp.; Geocoris scutellaris Puton, 1886;
Geocoris phaeopterus Germar, 1838; Leptodemus bicolor Lindberg, 1924; Leptodemus minutus
Jakovlev, 1876; Nysius Dallas, 1852 spp.; Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas, 1852; Pamera Say, 1832
spp.
Nabidae Himacerus apterus Fabricius, 1798; Nabis spp. Latreille, 1802; Nabis punctipennis Blanchard,
1851; Nabis faminei Stål, 1859; Nabis argentinus Meyer-Dür, 1870; Nabis capsiformis Germar,
1837; Nabis ferus Linnaeus, 1758; Nabis alternatus Parshley, 1922; Nabis limbatus Dahlbom,
1851; Nabis kinbergii Reuter, 1872; Nabis americoferus Carayon, 1961; Nabis roscipennis Reuter,
1872; Nabis subcoleoptratus Kirby, 1837
Naucoridae Ambrysus signoreti Stål, 1862; Ilyocoris cimicoides L.; Diplonychus Laporte, 1833; Diplonychus
eques Dufour, 1863; Pelocoris Stål, 1876; Pelocoris femoratus Palisot de Beauvois, 1820; Naucoris
Geoffroy, 1762
Notonectidae Buenoa Kirkaldy, 1904; Nepa cinerea L. spp.; Notonecta L. spp.; Notonecta glauca L.; Notonecta
unifasciata Guérin-Méneville, 1857
Pentatomidae Antiteuchus mixtus F. (Discocephalinae); Edessa maculata (Edessinae); Halyomorpha halys Stål,
1855; Loxa deducta Walker, 1867; Bagrada hilaris Burmeister, 1835; Palomena prasina L.
(Pentatominae); Podisus maculiventris Say, 1831 (Asopinae)
Pyrrhocoridae Dysdercus superstitiosus F.; Dysdercus nigrofasciatus Stål, 1855; Pyrrhocoris apterus L.
Reduviidae Acanthaspis obscura Stål, 1855; Acholla multispinosa De Geer, 1773; Apiomerus spissipes Say,
1825; Apiomerus pilipes F.; Arilus cristatus L.; Ectomocoris ululans Rossi, 1807; Ectomocoris
atrox Stål, 1872; Emesaya brevicoxa Banks, 1909; Empicoris Wolff, 1811 spp.; Eulyes amoena
Guérin, 1838; Holotrichius innesi Horvath, 1909; Lestomerus affinis Serville, 1831; Melanolestes
picipes Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848; Melanolestes morio Erichson, 1848; Pantoleistes princeps Stål,
1855; Phymata chilensis chilensis Handlirsch, 1897; Pirates conspurcatus Distant, 1892; Ploiaira
Scopoli, 1786 spp.; Platymeris rhadamanthus Gerstaecker, 1873; Phonergates bicoloripes Stål,
1855; Rasahus biguttatus Say, 1832; Rasahus thoracicus Stål, 1872; Rasahus hamatus F.; Reduvius
personatus L.; Sinea diadema F.; Rasahus biguttatus Say, 1832; Rhynocoris iracundus Poda, 1761;
Piestolestes obscurus Bergroth, 1895; Stenopoda cinérea Laporte, 1833; Rhynocoris ventralis Say,
1832; Rhynocoris segmentarius Germar, 1837; Zelus F. spp.; Zelus renardii Kolenati, 1857; Zelus
exsanguis Stål, 1862
Rhopalidae Arhissus validus Uhler, 1893; Boisea trivittata Say, 1825; Boisea rubrolineata Barber, 1956;
Jadera haematoloma Herrich-Schaeffer, 1847
Tingidae Corythucha Stå1, 1873 spp.; Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832; Corythucha ciliata Say, 1832;
Corythucha cydoniae Fitch, 1861; Corythucha morilli Ostorn y Drake, 1917; Stephanitis Stå1, 1873
spp.; Tingis cardui L.
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