Pea0e 20ohm4375a
Pea0e 20ohm4375a
Pea0e 20ohm4375a
0. OBJETIVO GENERAL
Encontrar un acomodo físico de varillas con conductores en retícula rectangular uniforme que una vez
enterrados, bajo la corriente de falla calculada (Estudio de Corto Circuito), no provoquen un potencial de paso
y de contacto superiores a los tolerables por el cuerpo humano. Método de cálculo.- basado en las
recomendaciones del IEEE Std-80-2000: Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding.
0.1 DATOS
KVA
If :=
KV ⋅ 3 If = 4.374 × 103 ampere
Ig := Sf ⋅ If
Ig = 4.374 × 103 ampere
1. OBJETIVO # 1. ENCONTRAR UNA MALLA QUE CUMPLA CON LOS
POTENCIALES DE PASO Y CONTACTO SEGUROS.
l2 := ( Nb − 1 ) ⋅ D
l2 = 4 m Longitud Larga (m)
2
A := l1 ⋅ l2 A = 16 m
Area encerrada por la malla (m2)
− 2⋅
ts⋅ 2⋅ π ⋅ 60
XR XR
Df := 1+ ⋅1 − e
2 ⋅ π ⋅ 60 ⋅ ts Df = 1.026
IG := Cp ⋅ Df ⋅ Ig
IG = 4.488 × 103 ampere
1000
( K)
n
⋅ 1 + 2 ⋅
∑=
1
Cs :=
0.96 2 Cs = 0.674
H
n 1
1 + 2 ⋅n⋅
0.08 ⋅ m
Et70 := 1000 + 1.5 ⋅
Cs 0.157 ⋅ volt
⋅ ρs ⋅
1 ⋅ m ⋅ ohm ts Et70 = 2.468 × 103 volt
Cs 0.157 ⋅ volt
Es70 := 1000 + 6 ⋅ ⋅ ρs ⋅ Es70 = 9.207 × 103 volt
1 ⋅ m ⋅ ohm ts
Nm := Na ⋅ Nb
D2 ( D + 2 ⋅ S)
2
S
⋅ ln
1 1 8
Km := + − + ⋅ ln
2 ⋅ π 32 ⋅ S ⋅ a 16 ⋅ D ⋅ a 8 ⋅ a S π ⋅ (2 ⋅ Nm − 1 )
1+
1 ⋅m
Ki := 0.656 + 0.172 ⋅ Nm
Ki = 1.172 Km = 0.59
IG
Em := Km ⋅ Ki⋅ ρ ⋅ Em = 2.263 × 103 volt
Lpropuesta
1.5 COMPARACIONES
Debe ser Et70 > Em para tener una malla segura y, nuestro diseño obtuvo:
Debe ser Es70 > Es para tener una malla segura y nuestro diseño obtuvo:
Calcular la resistencia a tierra del arreglo encontrado en la parte 1. En base a la Fórmula de Schwarz para
una Malla con Varillas en dos capas.
B := Lpropuesta
Resistividad Aparente
ρs
ρa := L ⋅ ρ ⋅
[ ρ ⋅ ( H − h) + ρs ⋅ ( L + h − H ) ]
ρa = 20.338 ohm ⋅ m
K1 = 1.15 K2 = 4.78
ρ ⋅ ln 2 ⋅ B + K1 ⋅ B − K2
R1 :=
π ⋅B 2 ⋅ a⋅S A
R1 = 2.233 ohm
ρa ⋅ ln 8 ⋅ L − 1 + 2 ⋅ K1 ⋅ L ⋅ ( n − 1 ) 2
R2 :=
2 ⋅ n⋅π ⋅ L 2 ⋅r A
R2 = 6.812 ohm
3.1 DATOS
Ecuación de Onderdonk
2 −1
1 ⋅ mm IG ⋅ amp
A := ⋅
1550 ⋅ 1.27324 Tm − Ta + 1
log
234 + Ta
33 ⋅ ts
El conductor de la malla de puesta a tierra debe tener una sección mínima de cobre de A = 14.656 mm 2