Límites y continuidad

1)
f(x)=|x| x y

1 1
0 0
2 2
1 -1 𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎
2 -2 2

-2 -1 1 2 x

2) y

Si x-z≤0 f(x)=x +|x –z| x 6

x<z 2 0 5

f(x) = x –x +z 2 1 4

f(x)=z 2 2 3

4 3 2

Si x –z > 0 2 -1 1

f(x) = 2x –z 2 -2 -2 -1 1 2 4
3 5 x

2 -3
8 5

3)
Y
f(x)=𝑥 2 -|x| x
0 1 6
0 0 5

2 2 4

2 -2 3

6 3 2

1
6 -3
-2 -1 1 2 43 5 x
0 -1

1 1 1
4) f(x) = lim𝑥→0 = = ∞
𝑥 𝑥 0
La función no es continua en x=0
5) 𝑥3 x≤1
f(x) =
−2x + 3 x>1

lim𝑥→1 𝑥 3 = lim𝑥→1 −2𝑥 + 3

13 = −2(1) + 3
1 = 1 Si es continua

6)
1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 ¿Es f continua en x=0?
1 1
lim𝑥→0 𝑥2 = 02 = ∞ La función no está definida en x=0
3.2.1
1.
lim𝑥→5 25𝑥 3 − 375𝑥 2 + 1839𝑥 − 2945 = 0
|𝑥 − 5| < 𝛿 |25𝑥 3 − 375𝑥 2 + 1839𝑥 − 2945| < 𝜀
25𝑥 3 − 375𝑥 2 + 1839𝑥 − 2945 = (𝑥 − 5)(25𝑥 2 − 250𝑥 + 589)

25 25 -375 1839 -2945

5 125 -1250 2945 |(𝑥 − 5)(25𝑥 2 − 250𝑥 + 589)| < 𝜀
25 -250 589 0

Por otro lado

|𝑥 − 5| < 𝛿 Como
𝛿 = 1 |𝑥 − 5| < 1 (𝑥 − 5)(25𝑥 2 − 250𝑥 + 589) < 𝜀 (2)
−1 < 𝑥 − 5 < 1 1. en (2)
4<𝑥<6 (𝑥 − 5)(511) < 𝜀
16 < 𝑥 2 < 36 𝛿 (511) = 𝜀
𝜀
400 < 25𝑥 2 < 900 𝛿 = 511
1000 < 250𝑥 < 1500
−1000 > −250𝑥 > −1500
−1500 < −250𝑥 < −1000
−1100 < 25𝑥 2 − 250𝑥 < −100
589 − 1100 < 25𝑥 2 − 250𝑥 + 589 < 589 −
100
−511 < 25𝑥 2 − 250𝑥 + 589 < 489
|25𝑥 2 − 250𝑥 + 5891| < 511 (1)
Continuidad de funciones
𝑥 2 −9
1. f(x) = x≠3
𝑥−3
A x=3

𝑥 2 −9
lim𝑥→3 = lim𝑥→3 𝐴
𝑥−3
(𝑥+3)(𝑥−3)
lim𝑥→3 = 𝐴
𝑥−3
3+3= 𝐴
6= 𝐴

2. −2𝑥 + 5 x<0
f(x) = 𝐴+2 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 5⁄2
4𝑥 − 𝐵 𝑥 ≥ 5⁄2

lim𝑥→0 −2𝑥 + 5 = lim𝑥→0 𝐴 + 2

−2(0) + 5 = 𝐴 + 2
3=𝐴

lim𝑥→5⁄ 𝐴 + 2 = lim𝑥→5⁄ 4𝑥 − 𝐵
2 2

𝐴 + 2 = 4(5⁄2) − 𝐵
3 + 2 = 10 − 𝐵
𝐵=5

3. 𝑇 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 x<1
f(x) =
𝑥−5 𝑥 ≥ 5⁄2

lim 𝑇→1 𝑇 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 = lim𝑥→1 𝑥 − 5

𝑇 2 (1)2 + 1 − 1 = 1 − 5
𝑇 2 = −4
𝑇 = √−4 Imaginario NO HAY SOLUCION!!

4𝑥+5
4. 0<𝑥 < 5
𝑘+𝑥
f(x) =
𝑘2 + 𝑥 𝑥≥5
 4𝑥+5
lim𝑥→5 = lim𝑥→5 𝑘 2 + 𝑥
𝑘+𝑥
20+5
= 𝑘2 + 5
𝑘+𝑥
25 = (𝑘 + 5)(𝑘 2 + 5)
25 = 𝑘 3 + 5𝑘 + 5𝑘 2 + 25
𝑘 3 + 5𝑘 + 5𝑘 2 = 0
𝑘 (𝑘 2 + 5𝑘 + 5) = 0

−5±√25−20
𝑘=0 𝑘= 2
−5±√5
𝑘=
2

3.2.3 Calculo de límites

𝑥 10 −𝑥+1 010 −0+1 1
1) lim𝑥→0 = = = −1
𝑥 2 −1 02 −1 −1
3𝑥 −3−𝑥 3 −3−0
0 1−1
2) lim𝑥→0 3𝑥 +3−𝑥 = 30 +3−0 = = 0
1+1
𝑥 4 −4 (𝑥−2)(𝑥+2) 2+2
3) lim𝑥→2 𝑥2 −5𝑥+6 = lim (𝑥−3)(𝑥−2) = = −4
𝑥→2 2−3
𝑥−1 √𝑥 2 +8+3 (𝑥−1)(√𝑥 2 +8+3) (𝑥−1)(√𝑥 2 +8+3) (𝑥−1)(√𝑥 2+8+3)
4) lim𝑥→1 (√𝑥2 ) (√𝑥2 ) = lim = lim = lim =
+8−3 +8+3 𝑥→1 𝑥 2 +8−9 𝑥→1 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥→1 (𝑥−1)(𝑥+1)
√12 +8+3 3+3
= =3
1+1 2
5) lim𝑥→0 𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 𝑥 + 1
0=0+1
0 ≠ 1 NO EXISTE
2
5−√3𝑥+4 5+√3𝑥+4 (5)2 −(√3𝑥+4) 25−3𝑥−4
6) lim𝑥→7 ( ) (5+ 3𝑥+4) = lim (𝑥2 −49)(5+ = lim (𝑥2 −49)(5+ =
𝑥 2 −49 √ 𝑥→7 √3𝑥+4) 𝑥→7 √3𝑥+4)
21−3𝑥 −3(𝑥−7)
lim (𝑥2 = lim (𝑥−7)(𝑥+7)(5+
𝑥→7 −49)(5+√3𝑥+4) 𝑥→7 √3𝑥+4)
−3 −3 −3
Remplazando x=7 lim (7+7)(5+ = (14)(10)
= 140
𝑥→7 √21+4)
3 3
𝑥−27
3
√𝑥 2 +3 3√𝑥+9 (𝑥−27)( √𝑥 2+3 3√𝑥+9) (𝑥−27)( √𝑥 2 +3 3√𝑥+9) 3
7) lim𝑥→27 ( 3 ) (3 ) = lim 3 = lim = √272 +
√𝑥−3 √𝑥 2 +3 3√𝑥+9 𝑥→27 √𝑥 3 −33 𝑥→27 𝑥−27
3
3 √27 + 9 = 9 + 9 + 9 = 27
2 2
√𝑥−√𝑎 √𝑥−√𝑎 (√𝑥) −(√𝑎) 𝑥−𝑎 1 1
8) lim𝑥→𝑎 ( ) ( 𝑥− 𝑎) = lim𝑥→𝑎 (𝑥−𝑎)( = lim𝑥→𝑎 (𝑥−𝑎)( = =2
𝑥−𝑎 √ √ √𝑥+√𝑎) √𝑥+√𝑎) √𝑎+√𝑎 √𝑎
𝑥 1⁄𝑛 −𝑎1⁄𝑛
9) lim𝑥→𝑎 ( )
𝑥−𝑎
1 1 𝑛−1 𝑛−2 1 𝑛−3 2 𝑛−4 3 𝑛−1
𝑥 − 𝑎 = (𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛 ) (𝑥 𝑛 +𝑥 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑥 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑥 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 +. . . +𝑎 𝑛 )
 𝑥 1⁄𝑛 −𝑎1⁄𝑛 1
lim𝑥→𝑎 ( 1 1 𝑛−1 𝑛−2 1 𝑛−3 2 𝑛−4 3 𝑛−1 )= 𝑛−1 𝑛−2 1 𝑛−3 2 𝑛−1
(𝑥 𝑛 −𝑎𝑛 )(𝑥 𝑛 +𝑥 𝑛 𝑎𝑛+𝑥 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 +𝑥 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 +⋯+𝑎 𝑛 ) 𝑎 𝑛 +𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛+𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛+⋯+𝑎 𝑛

1
1 1 1 𝑎𝑛
= 𝑛−1 𝑛−1 𝑛−1 𝑛−1 = 𝑛−1 = 𝑛
−
1 = 𝑛𝑎
𝑎 𝑛 +𝑎 𝑛 +𝑎 𝑛 +⋯+𝑎 𝑛 𝑛𝑎 𝑛 𝑛𝑎𝑛 𝑎 𝑛

n veces
√𝑥 2 −2𝑥+6−√𝑥 2 +2𝑥−6 √𝑥 2 −2𝑥+6+√𝑥 2 +2𝑥−6
10) lim𝑥→3 ( )( )=
𝑥 2 −4𝑥+3 √𝑥 2 −2𝑥+6+√𝑥 2 +2𝑥−6
2 2
(√𝑥 2 −2𝑥+6) −(√𝑥 2 +2𝑥−6) 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+6−𝑥 2 −2𝑥+6
lim𝑥→3 ((𝑥2 ) = lim𝑥→3 ((𝑥2 )=
−4𝑥+3)(√𝑥 2−2𝑥+6+√𝑥 2 +2𝑥−6) −4𝑥+3)(√𝑥 2 −2𝑥+6+√𝑥 2 +2𝑥−6)

−4𝑥+12 −4(𝑥−3) −4 1
lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)(𝑥−1)( = lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)(𝑥−1)6 = (3−1)6 = − 3
√9−6+6+√ 9+6−6)
2 2
√𝑥+1−√𝑥 2 +1 √𝑥+1+√𝑥 2 +1 (√𝑥+1) −(√𝑥 2+1) −𝑥(𝑥−1)
11) lim𝑥→1 ( )( ) = lim𝑥→1 ( ) = lim𝑥→1 ((𝑥−1)(2 )=
𝑥−1 √𝑥+1+√𝑥 2 +1 (𝑥−1)(√2+√2) √2)

1 √2
−2 =−
√ 2 4
𝑥 2 −2 √𝑥 2 +2+2 (𝑥 2 −2)(√𝑥 2 +2+2) (𝑥 2 −2)(√𝑥 2 +2+2)
12) Lim𝑥→√2 (√𝑥2 ) (√𝑥2 ) = lim𝑥→√2 2 = lim𝑥→√2 =
+2−2 +2+2 (√𝑥 2 +2) −(2)2 𝑥 2 +2−4

(𝑥 2 −2)(√𝑥 2 +2+2)
lim𝑥→√2 = √𝑥 2 + 2 + 2 = √4 + 2 = 4
𝑥 2 −2
2 2
√𝑥 2 −2−√2 √𝑥 2 −2+√2 √𝑥 3 −4+2 (√𝑥 2 −2) −(√2) √𝑥 3 −4+2
13) lim𝑥→2 ( √𝑥3 )( )( ) = lim𝑥→2 ( 2 ) (√𝑥2 )=
−4−2 √𝑥 2 −2+√2 √𝑥 3 −4+2 (√𝑥 3 −4) −(2) 2 −2+√2

𝑥 2 −2−2 √23−4+2 𝑥 2 −4 2+2 (𝑥−2)(𝑥+2)4

lim𝑥→2 (𝑥3 −4−4) (√22 ) = lim𝑥→2 ( )( ) = lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−2)(𝑥2 +2𝑥+4)2 =
−2+√2 𝑥 3 −8 √2+√ 2 √2
(2+2)4 8 2 √2 √2
lim𝑥→3 (4+4+4)2 = 12 =3 =
√ 2 √ 2 √2 √2 3
2 2
√(1+ℎ)3+5ℎ+6−√7 √(1+ℎ)3 +5ℎ+6+√7 (√(1+ℎ)3+5ℎ+6) −(√7)
14) limℎ→0 ( )( ) = limℎ→0 ( )=
ℎ √(1+ℎ)2 +5ℎ+6+√7 ℎ(√(1+ℎ)3 +5ℎ+6+√7)

(1+ℎ)3 +5ℎ+6−7 1+3ℎ+3ℎ2+ℎ3+5ℎ+6−7 (3+3ℎ+ℎ2 +5) 8 4√7

limℎ→0 = limℎ→0 = limℎ→0 =2 =
ℎ(√(1+0)3 +5(0)+6+√7) ℎ(√7+√7) ℎ(2√7) √7 7

3 2 3 2 3 3 3
3 3 3
√𝑥 5 + 3√32 ( √𝑥 5 ) + √32𝑥 5 +( √32) ( √𝑥 5) −( √32)
15) lim𝑥→2 ( )( 3 2 3 2 ) = lim𝑥→2 ( 3 2 3 2 )=
𝑥−2 ( √𝑥 5 ) + √32𝑥 5 +( √32)
3
(𝑥−2)[( √𝑥 5 ) + √32𝑥 5 +( 3√32) ]

𝑥 5 −32
limℎ→0 3 2 3 2
(𝑥−2)[( √𝑥 5 ) + 3√32 √𝑥 5 +( 3√32) ]

𝑥 5 − 32 = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16)
(𝑥−2)(𝑥 4 +2𝑥 3+4𝑥 2+8𝑥+16) 24 +2∗23 +4∗22 +8∗2+16 16+16+16+16+16
limℎ→0 3 2
3 33 2 = limℎ→0 3 2 3 3 3 2 = 3 10 =
(𝑥−2)[( √𝑥 5 ) + √32 √𝑥 5 +( √32) ] ( √25 ) + √25 √25 +( √25) 3( √2)

5∗16 5∗16 10
3 = 3 = 3
3∗23 √2 3∗8 √2 3 √2
 √𝑥+𝑥−√5−5 √𝑥−√5 𝑥−5 (√𝑥−√5)(√𝑥+√5)
16) lim𝑥→5 = lim𝑥→5 + 𝑥−5 = lim𝑥→5 (𝑥−5)(√𝑥+√5)
+1=
𝑥−5 𝑥−5
𝑥−5 1 1 √5
lim𝑥→5 (𝑥−5)( +1= + 1 = 2√5 + 1 = +1
√𝑥+√5) √5+√5 10
√𝑥+𝑥−√𝑎−𝑎 √𝑥−√𝑎 𝑥−𝑎 (√𝑥−√𝑎)(√𝑥+√𝑎)
17) lim𝑥→𝑎 = lim𝑥→𝑎 + 𝑥−𝑎 = lim𝑥→𝑎 (𝑥−𝑎)(√𝑥+√𝑎)
+1=
𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
𝑥−𝑎 1 1 1 1 √𝑎 √𝑎
lim𝑥→𝑎 (𝑥−𝑎)( +1= +1= =2 +1=2 + 1 = 2𝑎 + 1
√𝑥+√𝑎) √𝑥+√𝑎 √𝑎+√𝑎 √𝑎 √𝑎 √𝑎
(7+ℎ)𝑛 −7𝑛
18) limℎ→0 𝑥−𝑎
Por binomio de Newton
𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛−2 2 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2) 𝑛−3 3
(7 + ℎ)𝑛 = 7𝑛 + 𝑛 ∗ 7𝑛−1 ℎ + 7 ℎ + 7 ℎ + ⋯ + ℎ𝑛
2! 3!
Remplazando
𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛−2 2 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2) 𝑛−3 3
7𝑛 +𝑛∗7𝑛−1 ℎ+ 7 ℎ + 7 ℎ + … +ℎ𝑛 −7𝑛
2! 3!
limℎ→0 =
ℎ
𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛−2 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2) 𝑛−3 2
ℎ(𝑛∗7𝑛−1 + 7 ℎ+ 7 ℎ + … +ℎ𝑛−1 )
2! 3!
limℎ→0 =
ℎ
𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2) 𝑛−3
𝑛 ∗ 7𝑛−1 + 7𝑛−2 (0) + 7 (0)2 + ⋯ + (0)𝑛−1 = 𝑛 ∗ 7𝑛−1
2! 3!
3 3 3 3
√256𝑥−8 √64(4𝑥)−8 4 √4𝑥−8 √4𝑥−2
19) lim𝑥→2 = lim𝑥→2 = lim𝑥→2 = lim𝑥→2 4 =
𝑥−2 𝑥−2 𝑥−2 𝑥−2
3 2 3 3 3
√4𝑥−8
3 ( √4𝑥) +2 √4𝑥−22 ( √4𝑥) −23 4𝑥−8
4lim ( 𝑥−2 ) ( 3 2 3 ) = 4lim 3 2 3
= 4lim 2 =
𝑥→2 ( √4𝑥) +2 √4𝑥−22 𝑥→2 (𝑥−2)[( √4𝑥) +2 √4𝑥−22] 𝑥→2 (𝑥−2)[( √8) +2 3√8−4]
3

4(𝑥−2) 4∗4 16 4
4lim (𝑥−2)(4+4−4) = = =
𝑥→2 12 12 4
√−𝑥 3 +2𝑥−2 √−𝑥 3 +2𝑥+2 √𝑥 2 +5+√3𝑥+15
20) lim𝑥→−2 (√𝑥2 )( )( )=
+5−√3𝑥+15 √−𝑥 3 +2𝑥+2 √𝑥 2 +5+√3𝑥+15
2
(√−𝑥 3 +2𝑥) −22 √𝑥 2 +5+√3𝑥+15 −𝑥 3 +2𝑥−4 √4+5+√−6+15
lim𝑥→−2 ( 2 2 )( ) = lim𝑥→−2 ( )( ) =
(√𝑥 2 +5) −(√3𝑥+15) √−𝑥 3 +2𝑥+2 𝑥 2 +5−3𝑥−15 √8−4+2

−𝑥 3 +2𝑥−4 3+3
lim𝑥→−2 ( )( )
𝑥 2 −3𝑥−10 2+2

-1 0 2 -4
−𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 4
-2 2 -4 4
-1 2 -2 0

−𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 4 = (𝑥 + 2)(−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2 )
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 2 )
(𝑥+2)(−𝑥 2 +2𝑥−2 ) 6 (−(−2)2 +2(−2)−2 )3 15
lim𝑥→−2 (𝑥−5)(𝑥+2 )
= (−2−5)2
=
4 7
𝑥−2 √𝑥 2 +5+3 (𝑥−2)(√𝑥 2 +5+3) (𝑥−2)(√𝑥 2 +5+3)
21) lim𝑥→2 (√𝑥2 ) (√𝑥2 ) = lim𝑥→2 2 = lim𝑥→2 =
+5−3 +5+3 (√𝑥 2 +5) −32 𝑥 2 +5−9

(𝑥−2)(√𝑥 2 +5+3) (𝑥−2)(√𝑥 2+5+3) √4+5+3 6 3

lim𝑥→2 = lim𝑥→2 = lim𝑥→2 = =
𝑥 2 −4 (𝑥−2)(𝑥+2) 2+2 4 2
 2 2
√𝑥−1−√𝑥 2 −4𝑥+5 √𝑥−1+√𝑥 2 −4𝑥+5 (√𝑥−1) −(√𝑥 2 −4𝑥+5)
22) lim𝑥→3 ( )( ) = lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)( =
𝑥−3 √𝑥−1+√𝑥 2 −4𝑥+5 √𝑥−1+√𝑥 2 −4𝑥+5)
𝑥−1−𝑥 2 +4𝑥−5 −𝑥 2 +5𝑥−6 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)( = lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)( = lim𝑥→3 − (𝑥−3)(2 =
√ 3−1+√9−12+5) √2+√ 2) √2)
(𝑥−3)(𝑥−2) 3−2 √2 √2
lim𝑥→3 − (𝑥−3)(2 = −2 =−
2)
√ √2 √ 2 4
2
√2𝑥 2 −2−4 √2𝑥 2 −2+4 (√2𝑥 2 −2) −(4)2
23) lim𝑥→3 ( 𝑥2 −2𝑥−3 ) (√2𝑥2 ) = lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)(𝑥+1)(√2𝑥2 =
−2+4 −2+4)
2𝑥 2 −2−16 2𝑥 2 −18 2(𝑥 2 −9)
lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)(𝑥+1)( = lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)(𝑥+1)(8) = lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)(𝑥+1)(8) =
2∗9−2+4)
√
(𝑥−3)(𝑥−3) 6 3
lim𝑥→3 − (𝑥−3)(𝑥+1)4 = 4∗4 = 8
3
3− √3𝑥+3
24) lim𝑥→8 1 = lim𝑥→8 𝑎𝑏
𝑎(𝑥 ⁄3 −2)
3 3 2
3 9+3 √3𝑥+3+( √3𝑥+3)
3− √3𝑥+3
lim𝑥→8 ( 1 )( 3 2) =
𝑎(𝑥 ⁄3 −2) 3
9+3 √3𝑥+3+( √3𝑥+3)

3 3 3
33 −( √3𝑥+3) 1
3
√𝑥 2+2 3√𝑥+4 (27−3𝑥−3)( √82 +2 3√8+4)
lim𝑥→8 ( 2 ) (3 ) (3 ) = lim𝑥→8 2 =
3
𝑎(9+3 √3𝑥+3+( √3𝑥+3) )
3 √𝑥−2 √𝑥 2+2 3√𝑥+4 3 3
𝑎(9+3 √27+ √27 ) ( √𝑥 3−23)
3

(24−3𝑥)(22+2∗2+4) −3(𝑥−8)(12) −4
lim𝑥→8 = lim𝑥→8 =
𝑎(9+9+9) (𝑥−8) 𝑎(27) (𝑥−8) 3𝑎
4
lim𝑥→8 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏 = − 3𝑎
2
lim𝑥→8 𝑎𝑏 = lim𝑥→8 |2𝑥−7|𝑏
2
𝑎𝑏 = |16−7|𝑏
2
𝑎𝑏 = 9𝑏
4
𝑎2 𝑏 = − 3 (1) 3
√𝑏3 = √− 27
3 1

2
𝑎𝑏2 = 9
(2) 1
𝑏=−
3
(1)/ (2)
𝑎2 𝑏 −4⁄3
= 𝑎 = −6𝑏
𝑎𝑏2 2⁄ 9
𝑎 1
= −6 𝑎 = −6 − 3
𝑏
𝑎 = −6𝑏 en (2) 𝑎=2
2
𝑎𝑏2 = 9
2
−6𝑏 ∗ 𝑏2 = 9

3.2.4 Miscelánea

1. lim∆𝑥→0 2(𝑥+∆𝑥)−2𝑥 2𝑥+2∆𝑥−2𝑥 2∆𝑥

= lim∆𝑥→0 = lim∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 = 2
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
 (𝑥+∆𝑥)2 −2(𝑥+∆𝑥)+1−(𝑥 2−2𝑥+1) 𝑥 2 +2∆𝑥∗𝑥+∆𝑥 2 −2𝑥−2∆𝑥−𝑥 2 +2𝑥−1+1
2. lim∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
= lim∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
=
∆𝑥 2 +2∆𝑥∗𝑥−2∆𝑥 ∆𝑥(∆𝑥+2𝑥−2)
lim∆𝑥→0 = lim∆𝑥→0 = 2𝑥 − 2
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
1 1 2−2−𝑥
− 2(2+𝑥) −𝑥 −1 1
3. lim𝑥→0 2+𝑥 2
𝑥
= lim𝑥→0 𝑥
= lim𝑥→0 2𝑥(2+𝑥) = 2(2+0) = − 4
𝑥 5 −32 (𝑥−2)( 𝑥 4 +2𝑥 3 +4𝑥 2 +8𝑥+16)
4. lim𝑥→2 𝑥−2
= lim𝑥→2 𝑥−2
=
24 + 2 ∗ 23 + 4 ∗ 22 + 8 ∗ 2 + 16 = 80
1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
sec 𝜃−1 −1 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
5. lim𝜃→0 𝜃 sec 𝜃
= lim𝜃→0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝜃 = lim𝜃→0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝜃 = lim𝜃→0 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
= lim𝜃→0 𝜃
=0
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
1−𝑡𝑔𝑥 1− −(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
6. lim𝑥→𝜋⁄4 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = lim𝑥→𝜋⁄4 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = lim𝑥→𝜋⁄4 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = lim𝑥→𝜋⁄4 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

1 1 2 √2
lim𝑥→𝜋⁄4 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = − √2 = = −√2
√2 √2
2

2 (𝑥−3)(𝑥+3)
7. lim𝑥→−3 √2𝑥2𝑥+7𝑥+3
−9 𝑥−3 −3−3 −6 6
= lim𝑥→−3 √(𝑥+3)(2𝑥+1) = lim𝑥→−3 √2𝑥+1 = √2(−3)+1 = √−5 = √5

3 (2𝑥−3)(4𝑥 2 +6𝑥+9) 4𝑥 2 +6𝑥+9 4(9⁄4)+6(3⁄2)+9

8. lim𝑥→3⁄2 √8𝑥 −27
= lim𝑥→3⁄ √ = lim𝑥→3⁄ √ =√ =
2
4𝑥 −9 2 (2𝑥−3)(2𝑥+3) 2 2𝑥+3 2(3⁄2)+3

27 9 3 √2 3
√ 6 = √2 = = 2 √2
√2 √2

Limites trigonométricos
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛼
lim𝛼→0 =1
𝛼
Utilizamos:
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
lim𝛼→0 =0
𝛼
𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛√2𝑥 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛√2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛√2𝑥
𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛√2𝑥 − 1− ∗√2 1−√2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 √2𝑥
1. lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 7𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 7𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 =
7𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 + 7+ ∗4 11
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 4𝑥
5−5𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)∗2 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)
2. lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 5 + lim𝑥→0 ∗ 4 = lim𝑥→0 10 +
𝑥 2𝑥 4𝑥 2𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥
lim𝑥→0 4 ∗ = 0+4 =4
4𝑥
𝑡𝑔𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑥 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑥 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑥
3. lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑥∗𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑥 ∗𝑎 =𝑎
𝑥 𝑥 𝑎𝑥
4. lim𝑥→3 (𝑥 − 3)𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜋𝑥
𝑧
𝑥−3=𝑧 Lim𝑧→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋(𝑧+3)
𝑥→3 𝑧→0

𝑧 𝑧 𝑧 1 1
lim𝑧→0 = lim𝑧→0 = lim𝑧→0 − = lim𝑧→0 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑧 =−
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝜋𝑧+𝜋3) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑧∗𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜋+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑧∗𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝜋 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑧 ∗𝜋 𝜋
𝜋𝑧
 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎
5. Lim𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
cos(𝑧−𝑎)−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎
𝑥−𝑎 =𝑧 Lim𝑧→0 𝑧
𝑥→𝑎 𝑧→0

cos(𝑧−𝑎)−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 cos 𝑧∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎

Lim𝑧→0 = Lim𝑧→0 =
𝑧 𝑧 𝑧
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎
Lim𝑥→𝑎 = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎
𝑥−𝑎
𝑡𝑔𝜋𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑥
6. Lim𝑥→−2 = Lim𝑥→−2 (𝑥+2)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑥
𝑥+2
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋(𝑧−2)
𝑥+2=𝑧 Lim𝑧→0 𝑧∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋(𝑧−2)
𝑥 → −2 𝑧→0

𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋(𝑧−2) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝜋𝑧−𝜋2) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑧∗𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑧∗𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜋

Lim𝑧→0 𝑧∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋(𝑧−2) = Lim𝑧→0 𝑧∗𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋𝑧−𝜋2) = Lim𝑧→0 𝑧∗(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑧∗𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑧∗𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜋) =
(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑧)𝜋 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑧)𝜋
Lim𝑧→0 𝜋𝑧∗(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑧) = 𝜋 Lim𝑧→0 =𝜋
𝜋𝑧
𝑡𝑔𝑥−𝑋 2 +𝜋2 𝑡𝑔𝑥 𝑥 2 −𝜋2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 (𝑥−𝜋)(𝑥+𝜋)
7. Lim𝑥→𝜋 = Lim𝑥→𝜋 𝑥−𝜋 − = Lim𝑥→𝜋 (𝑥−𝜋)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −
𝑥−𝜋 𝑥−𝜋 𝑥−𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧+𝜋)
𝑥−𝜋 =𝑧 Lim𝑥→𝜋 − 2𝜋
−𝑧
𝑥→𝜋 𝑧→0

𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧+𝜋) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧

Lim𝑥→𝜋 − 2𝜋 = Lim𝑥→𝜋 − 2𝜋 = Lim𝑥→𝜋 − − 2𝜋 = 1 − 2𝜋
−𝑧 −𝑧 𝑧

= −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋⁄4 = − √2⁄2

𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
8. Lim𝑥→𝜋⁄4 = Lim𝑥→𝜋⁄4 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = Lim𝑥→𝜋⁄4
1−𝑡𝑔𝑥 −(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
9. Lim𝑥→𝜋⁄3 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥−𝜋
⁄3)

𝑥 − 𝜋⁄3 = 𝑧
1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑧+𝜋⁄3)
𝑥 → 𝜋⁄3 𝑧→0 Lim𝑧→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧
𝑥 = 𝑧 + 𝜋⁄3

1 √3 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧
1−2( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧− 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧) 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧+√3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧
2 2 𝑧
Lim𝑧→0 = Lim𝑧→0 = Lim𝑧→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧 + √3 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧 = √3
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧
𝑧
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑡𝑔𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥)
10. Lim𝑥→0 = Lim𝑥→0 = Lim𝑥→0 ( ) 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = Lim𝑥→0 𝑥3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥) =
𝑥3 𝑥3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑥 3 )
𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥 1 1
Lim𝑥→0 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥)
=2
𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎+𝑥)−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎−𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
11. lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 =
𝑥 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
lim𝑥→0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎
𝑥
 𝜋𝑥
12. Lim𝑥→1 (1 − 𝑥 )𝑡𝑔 2
𝑥−1=𝑧
𝜋(𝑧+1)
𝑥→1 𝑧→0 Lim𝑧→0 (1 − (𝑧 + 1))𝑡𝑔 2
𝑥 = 𝑧+1
𝜋𝑧 𝜋 𝜋𝑧 𝜋 𝜋𝑧 𝜋
𝜋(𝑧+1) 𝑠𝑒𝑛( + ) 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∗𝑐𝑜𝑠 +𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∗𝑠𝑒𝑛
2 2 2 2 2 2
Lim𝑧→0 (1 − (𝑧 + 1))𝑡𝑔 = Lim𝑧→0 −𝑧 𝜋𝑧 𝜋 = Lim𝑧→0 −𝑧 𝜋𝑧 𝜋 𝜋𝑧 𝜋 =
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠( + ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∗𝑐𝑜𝑠 −𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∗𝑠𝑒𝑛
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜋𝑧
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠0 2
2
Lim𝑧→0 𝜋𝑧 = Lim𝑧→0 𝜋 =𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛
2 ∗𝜋 1∗
𝜋 2
𝑧 2
2
𝑥
1−𝑠𝑒𝑛 1−𝑠𝑒𝑛0 1
2
13. Lim𝑥→0 = =𝜋
𝜋−𝑥 𝜋−0
1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
14. Lim𝑥→𝜋⁄3 𝜋−3𝑥
𝑥 − 𝜋⁄3 = 𝑧
1−2cos(𝑧+𝜋⁄3)
𝑥 → 𝜋⁄3 𝑧→0 Lim𝑧→0 𝜋−3(𝑧+𝜋⁄3)

𝑥 = 𝑧 + 𝜋⁄3

𝜋 𝜋
1−2(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧∗𝑐𝑜𝑠 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧∗𝑠𝑒𝑛 ) 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧+√3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧
3 3
Lim𝑧→0 = Lim𝑧→0 =
𝑠𝜋−3𝑧−𝜋 −3𝑧
1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 √3 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧 1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 √3
Lim𝑧→0 − 3 ( )− 3 𝑧 = Lim𝑧→0 =−
𝑧 𝜋−3𝑥 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑚𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑛𝑥+1−1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑛𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑚𝑥 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑛𝑥)(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑛𝑥)
15. Lim𝑥→0 = Lim𝑥→0 − = Lim𝑥→0 −
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥 2 (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑛𝑥)
(1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑚𝑥)(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑚𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛23𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 2𝑚𝑥 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑛𝑥 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑚𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑚𝑥
= Lim𝑥→0 − = Lim𝑥→0 2 −2 =
𝑥 2 (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑚𝑥) 2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑛𝑥 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑚𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑚𝑥 9𝑛2
Lim𝑥→0 2 ( ) 9𝑛2 − 2 ( ) 4𝑚2 = − 2𝑚2
3𝑛𝑥 3𝑛𝑥 2𝑚𝑥 2𝑚𝑥 2
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑚𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑚𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑥 2
16. Lim𝑥→0 − = Lim𝑥→0 ∗𝑚− ∗𝑛 = 𝑚−𝑛
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑚𝑥 2 𝑛𝑥 2
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥 0
17. Lim𝑥→0 = Lim𝑥→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 =1=0
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋⁄ 0
18. Lim𝑥→𝜋⁄2 1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = Lim𝑥→𝜋⁄2 1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋2 = 2 = 0
⁄2
4−𝑥 2
19. Lim𝑥→2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑥−2= 𝑧
4−(𝑧+2)2
𝑥→2 𝑧→0 Lim𝑧→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋(𝑧+2)
𝑥 =𝑧+2

4−𝑧 2 −4𝑧−4 −𝑧(𝑧+4) 𝑧+4 4

Lim𝑧→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋(𝑧𝜋+2𝜋) = Lim𝑧→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜋∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑧+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑧 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑧 = −𝜋
∗𝜋
𝜋𝑧
 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥
𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥 − 1− ∗3 1−3 2
𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥
20. Lim𝑥→0 𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 = Lim𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 = Lim𝑥→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 = 1+4 = − 5
+ 1+ ∗4
𝑥 𝑥 4𝑥
2−√2𝑥 2+√2𝑥 1 4−2𝑥
21. Lim𝑥→2 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 ) (2+ 2𝑥) = Lim𝑥→2 ((1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 )( )=
√𝑥−2 √ √𝑥−2) 2+√2𝑥
1 −2(𝑥−2) 2 𝑥−2
Lim𝑥→2 ((1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 )(
(2+√4)
) = − Lim𝑥→2 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠
√𝑥−2) 4 √𝑥−2)

𝑥 − 2 = 𝑧2
1 𝑧2 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧
𝑥→2 𝑧→0 − 2 Lim𝑧→0 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧) (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧)
𝑥 =𝑧+2
1 𝑧2 1
− 2 Lim𝑧→0 (𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑧) (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧) = − 2 (1 + 1) = −1
1−√cos(𝑥−𝜋)
22. Lim𝑥→𝜋 (𝑥−𝜋)2
1−√𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧
𝑥 − 𝜋 = 𝑧2 Lim𝑧→0 𝑧2
𝑥→𝜋 𝑧→0

1−√𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑧

Lim𝑧→0 ( ) (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧) = Lim𝑧→0 (𝑧 2 (1+ )( ) = Lim𝑧→0 𝑧 2 (1+ =
𝑧2 √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧) 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧)(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧)
𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑧 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧 2 1 1 1
Lim𝑧→0 = Lim𝑧→0 ( ) = 2∗2 = 4
𝑧2 (1+√ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧)(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧) 𝑧 (1+√ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧)(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧)
2 2
√1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−√1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 √1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+√1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 (√1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) −(√1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
23. Lim𝑥→𝜋 ( ) ( 1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+ 1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) = Lim𝑥→𝜋 (𝑥−𝜋)( =
𝑥−𝜋 √ √ √1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+√1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 −2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 −2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
Lim𝑥→𝜋 (𝑥−𝜋)( = Lim𝑥→𝜋 (𝑥−𝜋)( = Lim𝑥→𝜋 2(𝑥−𝜋) = Lim𝑥→𝜋 (𝑥−𝜋)
√1−𝑠𝑒𝑛0+√1+𝑠𝑒𝑛0) √1+√1)
𝑥 − 𝜋 = 𝑧2
−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧+𝜋)
𝑥→𝜋 𝑧→0 Lim𝑧→0 𝑧
𝑥 =𝑧+𝜋

−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧
Lim𝑧→0 = Lim𝑧→0 =1
𝑧 𝑧
3.2.6 Límites con infinito
2 2
√𝑥+1+√𝑥 (√𝑥+1) −(√𝑥) 𝑥+1−𝑥
1. Lim𝑥→∞(√𝑥 + 1 − √𝑥) (
√𝑥+1+√𝑥
) = Lim𝑥→∞
√𝑥+1+√𝑥
= Lim𝑥→∞
√𝑥+1+√𝑥
=
1
Lim𝑥→∞ ∞+∞ = 0
√2𝑥 2 +√2𝑥 2 −6𝑥 2𝑥 2 −(2𝑥 2−6𝑥)
2. Lim𝑥→∞(√2𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥) (√2𝑥2
+√2𝑥 2 −6𝑥
) = Lim𝑥→∞
√2𝑥 2 +√2𝑥 2−6𝑥
=
2𝑥 2 −2𝑥 2 +6𝑥 6𝑥 6 6 6 3
Lim𝑥→∞ = Lim𝑥→∞ = Lim𝑥→∞ = =2 =
6 6 6 6 √2 √2
√2𝑥+√𝑥 2 (2−𝑥) √2𝑥+𝑥√2−𝑥 √2+√2−𝑥 √2+√2−∞
1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1
1+𝑥+3𝑥 3 +𝑥+𝑥 5 𝑥 5 ( 5+ 4+ 2+ 4 +1) + + + +1
3. Lim𝑥→∞ 1+𝑥 5
= Lim𝑥→∞ 𝑥 5𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 ( 5+1)
= ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
1
+1
=1
𝑥 ∞
3 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1
3
√𝑥 2 +1 √𝑥 3 ( + 3) 𝑥√ + 3 √ +
𝑥 𝑥 0
4. Lim𝑥→∞ 𝑥+1
= Lim𝑥→∞
𝑥 𝑥

𝑥(1+ )
1 = Lim𝑥→∞
𝑥(1+ )
1 =
∞ ∞
1
(1+ )
=1=0
𝑥 𝑥 ∞
10 10
10+𝑥 𝑥( +1) +1 1
5. Lim𝑥→∞ 3
√𝑥+2𝑥
= Lim𝑥→∞ 𝑥
3 1
= Lim𝑥→∞ 3∞1 =2
𝑥( √ 2+2) √ +2
𝑥 ∞

7 7 7
3𝑥 2 +7 𝑥 2 (3+ 2) 𝑥 2 (3+ 2) 3+
6. Lim𝑥→∞ 4
√𝑥 8 +𝑥+5+4𝑥
= Lim𝑥→∞ 4 8 1
𝑥
5
= Lim𝑥→∞ 4
𝑥
1 5 4
= 4
∞
1 5 4
=3
√𝑥 (1+ 7+ 8)+4𝑥
𝑥
𝑥 2 ( √1+ 7+ 8+ ) √1+ + +
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 ∞ ∞ ∞

3 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1
3
√𝑥 3 +𝑥+1 √𝑥 3(1+ 2+ 3) 𝑥 √1+ 2+ 3 √1+ +
7. Lim𝑥→∞ 𝑥+1
= Lim𝑥→∞
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥(1+ )
1 = Lim𝑥→∞
𝑥
𝑥(1+ )
𝑥
1 =
∞ ∞
1
(1+ )
=1
𝑥 𝑥 ∞
2 5 1 1
(𝑥+2)(𝑥 2 −5)(𝑥 2 +𝑥+1) 𝑥(1+ )𝑥 2 (1− 2)𝑥 2(1+ + 2)
8. Lim𝑥→∞ (𝑥 4 +1)(𝑥+25)
= Lim𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑥 4 (1+ 4)𝑥(1+ )
25 =
𝑥 𝑥
2 5 1 1 2 1 1 5
𝑥 5 (1+ )(1− 2)(1+ + 2) (1+ )(1− )(1+ + ) 1
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
Lim𝑥→∞ 1 25 = 1 25 =1=1
𝑥 5 (1+ 4)(1+ ) (1+ )(1+ )
𝑥 𝑥 ∞ ∞
4𝑥
4𝑥 +5𝑥+1 4𝑥 +5𝑥 ∗5 5𝑥 (5𝑥+5) 0.8𝑥 +5 0.8∞ +5 0+5
9. Lim𝑥→∞ 4𝑥 +5𝑥
= Lim𝑥→∞ 4𝑥 +5𝑥
= Lim𝑥→∞ 5𝑥 4𝑥 = Lim𝑥→∞ 0.8𝑥+1 = 0.8∞+1 = 0+1 = 5
( 𝑥+1)
5
𝑎 𝑥
𝑎𝑥 +(𝑎+1)𝑥+1 𝑎𝑥 +(𝑎+1)𝑥 ∗(𝑎+1) (𝑎+1)𝑥 ( ) +𝑎+1
10. Lim𝑥→∞ 𝑎𝑥 +(𝑎+1)𝑥
= Lim𝑥→∞ 𝑎𝑥 +(𝑎+1)𝑥
= Lim𝑥→∞ (𝑎+1)𝑥 ( 𝑎+1
𝑎 𝑥
)=
( ) +1
𝑎+1
𝑎 ∞
( ) +𝑎+1 𝑎+1
𝑎+1
𝑎 ∞
= =𝑎+1
( ) +1 1
𝑎+1
𝑎 𝑥
Lim𝑥→∞ (𝑎+1) = 0 Si para a ∈ ℝ - {−1}
√𝑥−𝑎+√𝑥 𝑥−𝑎−𝑥 −𝑎
11. Lim𝑥→∞(√𝑥 − 𝑎 − √𝑥) (
√𝑥−𝑎+√𝑥
) = Lim𝑥→∞
√𝑥−𝑎+√𝑥
= ∞
=0
Limites notables
1
Llegar a lim𝛼→0 (1 + 𝛼 )𝛼 = 𝑒
1 𝛼
lim𝛼→∞ (1 + 𝛼) = 𝑒
𝑥
𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
1. lim𝑥→∞ ( )
𝑥 2 −𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1−𝑥 2 +𝑥
lim𝑥→∞ (1 + − 1) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) =
𝑥 2 −𝑥 𝑥 2 −𝑥
2𝑥2 +𝑥
𝑥2 −𝑥 2𝑥+1
lim
𝑥2 −𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑥2 −𝑥
𝑥( )( ) 2𝑥2 +𝑥
2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1 𝑥2 −𝑥 2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1 lim
lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 𝑥2 −𝑥) = [lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 𝑥2 −𝑥) ] = 𝑒 𝑥→∞ 𝑥2 −𝑥 =

𝑥2 2+1⁄𝑥 2+1⁄∞
lim ( )
𝑒 𝑥→∞𝑥2 1−1⁄𝑥 =𝑒 1−1⁄∞ = 𝑒2
1 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
lim
2. lim𝑥→0 (1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 (1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗ 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥→0 𝑥 =𝑒
1 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−1 1
∗
3. lim𝑥→0 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) 𝑥2 = lim𝑥→0 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1) 𝑥2 = lim𝑥→0 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1) 𝑥2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−1 =
(1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
1 lim − ∗(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 1 1
𝑥→0 𝑥2 lim − ∗(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
[lim𝑥→0 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−1 ] = 𝑒 𝑥→0 𝑥2 = 𝑒 −2
1 𝑚
𝑚 𝑥 𝑚 𝑥 𝑚 ( 𝑚 )𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 −1)
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
4. lim𝑥→∞ (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 1) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 1) 𝑥 =
𝑥 𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑚⁄𝑥
− ∗𝑚
𝑒 𝑚⁄
𝑥 = 𝑒 −0 = 1
1 3
5. lim𝑥→𝜋 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )3𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = [lim𝑥→𝜋 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ] = 𝑒 3
2 2
𝑎5𝑥 −𝑎3𝑥 3𝑥 𝑎2𝑥 −1
6. lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 𝑎 ∗
𝑥 𝑥
2𝑥
𝑎 −1=𝑧
𝑧
ln(𝑧+1)
𝑎2𝑥 = 𝑧 + 1 lim𝑧→0 𝑎3∗0 ∗ 2𝑙𝑛𝑎
2𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑎 = ln(𝑧 + 1)
ln(𝑧+1)
𝑥= 2𝑙𝑛𝑎
2𝑙𝑛𝑎 2𝑙𝑛𝑎 2𝑙𝑛𝑎 2𝑙𝑛𝑎
lim𝑧→0 1 = lim𝑧→0 1 = 1 = = 2𝑙𝑛𝑎
ln(𝑧+1) ln(𝑧+1) ⁄𝑧 𝑙𝑛(𝑙𝑖𝑚(𝑧+1) ⁄𝑧 ) 𝑙𝑛e
𝑧 𝑧→0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 −𝑥+1
7. lim𝑥→∞ (𝑥2 +𝑥−1) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 𝑥2 +𝑥−1 − 1) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 +
𝑥 2 +𝑥−1
−𝑥2 +𝑥
−𝑥+1 𝑥2 +𝑥−1
lim (
𝑥2 +𝑥−1 𝑥→∞ 𝑥2 +𝑥−1
) −𝑥2 1−1⁄𝑥
−𝑥+1 ( 2 )( )𝑥 −𝑥+1 lim ( )
𝑥 +𝑥−1 −𝑥+1 −𝑥+1 𝑥→∞ 𝑥2 1+1⁄𝑥−1⁄ 2
) = [lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 𝑥2 +𝑥−1) ] =𝑒 𝑥 =
𝑥 2 +𝑥−1

𝑒 −1
 3𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +3𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +3𝑥+1−𝑥 2 −2𝑥
8. lim𝑥→∞ ( ) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + − 1) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) =
𝑥 2 +2𝑥 𝑥 2 +2𝑥 𝑥 2 +2𝑥
1
3𝑥2 (1+ )
𝑥 1
𝑥+1 𝑥2 +2𝑥 2 lim
𝑥 +2𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑥2 (1+2 ) (1+ )
∞
( 2 )( )3𝑥 𝑥 3 2
𝑥+1 𝑥 +2𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1
lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 𝑥2 +2𝑥) = [lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 𝑥2 +2𝑥) ] =𝑒 (1+ )
∞ = 𝑒3

7(2𝑥+1) 7(2𝑥+1)
2𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 2𝑥 2 +𝑥−2
9. lim𝑥→∞ (2𝑥2 −𝑥−1) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 2𝑥2 −𝑥−1 − 1) =
7(2𝑥+1) 7(2𝑥+1)
2𝑥 2 +𝑥−2−2𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 2𝑥+1
lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 2𝑥2 −𝑥−1) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 +
2𝑥 2 −𝑥−1
7(4𝑥2 +4𝑥+1) 4 1
7𝑥2 (4+ + 2 )
2𝑥2 −𝑥−1 7(2𝑥+1)2
lim
𝑥2 +2𝑥 𝑥→∞ (2𝑥2 −𝑥−1) 𝑥 𝑥
( ) 2 lim
2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1 (2𝑥 −𝑥−1) 2𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥→∞ 𝑥2 (2−1 − 1 )
) = [lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) ] =𝑒 𝑥 𝑥2 =
2𝑥 2 −𝑥−1 2𝑥 2 −𝑥−1

7∗4
𝑒 2 = 𝑒 14
3𝑥2 +𝑥 𝑥2 +𝑥+1
𝑥2 +𝑥+1 𝑥3 −1
( 3 )( )
𝑥 −1 𝑥
( ) ( 2 )
3𝑥 2 +𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥 2 +𝑥 3𝑥 +𝑥
10. lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) = [lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) ] =
𝑥 3 −1 𝑥 3 −1

1 2 1 1
𝑥2 (3+ ) 𝑥 (1+𝑥+ 2 ) 1 1 1
(3+ )(1+ + )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 ∞ ∞
lim𝑥→∞ 1
𝑥3 (1− 3 ) 𝑥 1
𝑒 𝑥 =𝑒 (1− )
∞ = 𝑒3
1
2 √(𝑥 2 +𝑥+1)(4𝑥−2)
2
11. lim𝑥→∞ (1 + √𝑥3 ) =
−1
2 1
lim𝑥→∞ ( ) √(𝑥 2 +𝑥+1)(4𝑥−2)
√𝑥3 −1 √𝑥3 −1 2
(𝑥2 +𝑥+1)(4𝑥−2)
2 2 lim𝑥→∞ √
[lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) ] =𝑒 𝑥3 −1 =
√𝑥 3 −1

1 1 2
𝑥2 (1+ + 2 )𝑥(4− )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
lim𝑥→∞ √ 1
𝑥3 (1− 3 )
𝑒 𝑥
= 𝑒 √4 = 𝑒 2
3 1
lim𝑥→∞ (− )(𝑥+2)
1 √𝑥2 −4 √𝑥2 −4 6
3 − (𝑥+2) 3
6 3
12. lim𝑥→∞ (1 + √𝑥2 ) = [lim𝑥→∞ (1 + √𝑥2 ) ] =
−4 −4

2
1 𝑥(1+ )
𝑥
− lim𝑥→∞
2 4 1
𝑥√1− 2
𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒 −2
√𝑥2 −9 𝑥+1
∗√
√𝑥 2 −9+√𝑥+1 √𝑥 2 −9 √𝑥+1 √𝑥+1 √𝑥+1 √𝑥2−9
13. lim𝑥→∞ ( ) = lim𝑥→∞ ( + ) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) =
√𝑥 2 −9 √𝑥 2 −9 √𝑥 2 −9 √𝑥 2 −9
lim𝑥→∞ 5
√𝑥2 −9
√𝑥+1 √𝑥+1
[lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) ] = 𝑒5
√𝑥 2 −9

𝑥2 𝑥2
𝑥 4 +𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −8 2𝑥−4 𝑥 4 +𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −8−𝑥 4 −𝑥 2 2𝑥−4
14. lim𝑥→∞ ( ) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) =
𝑥 4 +𝑥 2 𝑥 4 +𝑥 2
 𝑥3 −8 𝑥2 8
𝑥3 (1− 3 )𝑥2
𝑥4 +𝑥2
lim𝑥→∞ ( 4 2)( ) 𝑥
𝑥 +𝑥 2𝑥−4 lim𝑥→∞ 1 4 1
𝑥 3 −8 𝑥3 −8 𝑥4 (1+ 2 )𝑥(2− )
[lim𝑥→∞ (1 + ) ] =𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑒2
𝑥 4 +𝑥 2

𝑥2 −√5𝑥 𝑥2 −√5𝑥
𝑥 3 −𝑥 2 −5𝑥+16 𝑥+4 𝑥 3 −5𝑥 16−𝑥 2 𝑥+4
15. lim𝑥→∞ ( ) = lim𝑥→∞ (𝑥3 −5𝑥 + 𝑥3 −5𝑥) =
𝑥 3 −5𝑥
𝑥2 −√5𝑥 𝑥3 −5𝑥 16−𝑥2 𝑥2 −√5𝑥
( )( )( )
16−𝑥 2 𝑥+4 16−𝑥 2 16−𝑥2 𝑥3 −5𝑥 𝑥+4
lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 𝑥3 −5𝑥) = lim𝑥→∞ (1 + 𝑥3 −5𝑥) = [lim𝑥→∞ (1 +

16 √5
𝑥2 ( 2 −1)𝑥2 (1− ) 16 5
𝑥 𝑥 ( 2 −1)(1−√ )
𝑥3 −5𝑥
lim𝑥→∞ 5 4 𝑥 𝑥
3
𝑥 (1− 2 )𝑥(1+𝑥) lim𝑥→∞
( ) 5 4 −1
16−𝑥 2 16−𝑥2 𝑥 (1− 2 )(1+ )
) ] =𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑒 1 = 𝑒 −1
𝑥 3 −5𝑥

1 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1
16. lim𝑥→0 (1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )3𝑥 = lim𝑥→0(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗ 3𝑥 = 𝑒 3 lim𝑥→0 𝑥 = 𝑒3
3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑥 3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑥+1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗ 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
17. lim𝑥→0 ( 𝑥 ) = lim𝑥→0 (1 + ) = 𝑒 lim𝑥→0 3 𝑥 = 𝑒3
𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑥
18. lim𝑥→0 ( ) = lim𝑥→0 (1 + − 1) = [lim𝑥→0 (1 + ) ] =
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑒 lim𝑥→0 𝑥
∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠0 = 𝑒
𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 𝑥+2 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 𝑥+2 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 𝑥+2
19. lim𝑥→0 ( ) = lim𝑥→0 (−4 ) = (−4lim𝑥→0 ) = (−4)2 = 16
−𝑥 4𝑥 4𝑥
2 5 𝑥2 5 lim𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2
4𝑥−5 𝑥 4−
𝑥
4−
∞ 4 ∞ 2 ∞
20. lim𝑥→∞ (6𝑥+2) = lim𝑥→∞ ( 2 ) =( 2 ) = (6) = (3) = 0
6+ 6+
𝑥 ∞
3𝑥 3 3
lim𝑥→∞ 1 1 3
1 2𝑥+1 1 2+ 1
21. lim𝑥→∞ (𝑥2 +1) = lim𝑥→∞ (𝑥2 +1) 𝑥 = (∞)2+∞ = 02 = 0

3.2.8 Limites unilaterales

1. 2 𝑥<1 𝑥 → 1−
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −1 𝑥=1 𝑥→1
−3 𝑥>1 𝑥 → 1+
a) lim𝑥→1+ −3 = −3 c) lim𝑥→1+ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim𝑥→1− 𝑓(𝑥)
b) lim𝑥→1− 2 = 2 −3 ≠ 2 ∄𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒

2. 𝑥+4 𝑥 ≤ −4 𝑥 → −4−
𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
4−𝑥 𝑥 > −4 𝑥 → −4+
a) lim𝑥→−4+ 4 − 𝑥 = 4 − (−4) = 8
b) lim𝑥→−4− 𝑥 + 4 = −4 + 4 = 0
c) lim𝑥→−4− 𝑓(𝑥 ) = lim𝑥→−4+ 𝑓 (𝑥 )
 0≠8
∄𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒
3. 𝑥2 − 4 𝑥<1 𝑥 → 2−
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4 𝑥=1 𝑥→2
4 − 𝑥2 𝑥>1 𝑥 → 2+
2 2
a) lim𝑥→2+ 4 − 𝑥 = 4 − 2 = 0
b) lim𝑥→2− 𝑥 2 − 4 = 22 − 4 = 0
c) Como ambos limites anteriores son iguales lim f(x)=0 si existe!
4. 2𝑥 + 3 𝑥<1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4 𝑥=1
2
𝑥 +2 𝑥>1
a) lim𝑥→1+ 𝑥 2 + 2 = 3
b) lim𝑥→1− 2𝑥 + 3 = 5
c) lim𝑥→1+ 𝑥 2 + 2 = lim𝑥→1− 2𝑥 + 3
3 ≠ 5 ∄𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒
5. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = |𝑥 − 8|
a) lim𝑥→8+ 𝑥 − 8 = 0
b) lim𝑥→8− 8 − 𝑥 = 0
c) lim𝑥→8+ |𝑥 − 8| = lim𝑥→8− |𝑥 − 8|
0 = 0 ∃𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒
6. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = |3𝑥 − 6| + 7
a) lim𝑥→2+ 3𝑥 − 6 + 7 = 7
b) lim𝑥→2− −3𝑥 + 6 + 7 = 7
c) lim𝑥→2+ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim𝑥→2− 𝑓(𝑥)
7 = 7 ∃𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒
7. |𝑥 − 1| 𝑥<1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 0 𝑥=1
|1 − 𝑥 | 𝑥>1
a) lim𝑥→1+ |1 − 𝑥 | = |1 − (−1)| = 2
b) lim𝑥→1− |𝑥 − 1| = 2
c) lim𝑥→1+ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim𝑥→1− 𝑓(𝑥)
2 = 2 ∃𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒
|𝑥|
8. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥
|𝑥| 𝑥
a) lim𝑥→0+ =𝑥=1
𝑥
|𝑥| −𝑥
b) lim𝑥→0− = = −1
𝑥 𝑥

9. √𝑥 2 − 9 𝑥 ≤ −3
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √9 − 𝑥 2 −3<𝑥 < 3
√𝑥 2 − 9 𝑥≥3
 a) lim𝑥→−3− √𝑥 2 − 9 = lim𝑥→−3+ √9 − 𝑥 2
0=0 si existe
b) lim𝑥→−3− √9 − 𝑥 2 = lim𝑥→−3+ √𝑥 2 − 9
0=0 si existe
10. 𝑥−5 𝑥 ≤ −2
𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
𝑥2 + 𝑥 𝑥 > −2
a) lim𝑥→−2− 𝑥 − 5 = lim𝑥→−2+ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥
−2 − 5 = (−2)2 + 2
−7 = 6
11. 𝑥2 𝑥 ≤ −2
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 −2<𝑥 <2
2𝑥 − 6 𝑥≥2
2
a) lim𝑥→−2 𝑥 = lim𝑥→−2 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
(−2)2 = −2𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑏 − 2𝑎 = 4 (1)
b) lim𝑥→2 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = lim𝑥→2 2𝑥 − 6
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4 − 6
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = −2 (2)
(1)+(2)
𝑏 − 2𝑎 = 4
𝑏 + 2𝑎 = −2
2𝑏 = 2 𝑏=1 𝑎 = −3⁄2
12. 2𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑥 < −3
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏 −3≤𝑥 ≤3
𝑏 − 5𝑏 𝑥>3
a) lim𝑥→−3 2𝑥 − 𝑎 = lim𝑥→−3 𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏
2(−3) − 𝑎 = 𝑎(−3) + 2𝑏
−6 − 𝑎 = −3𝑎 + 2𝑏
2𝑏 − 2𝑎 = −6
𝑎−𝑏 =3 (1)
b) lim𝑥→3 𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏 = lim𝑥→3 𝑏 − 5𝑥
3𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 𝑏 − 15
3𝑎 + 𝑏 = −15 (2)
(1)+(2)
3𝑎 + 𝑏 = −15
𝑎−𝑏 =3
4𝑎 = −12 𝑎 = −3 𝑏 = −6
Calculo diferencial

1.
1
2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥
1
1
𝑓′(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 5 + 2 𝑥 −2 − 5
1
𝑓′(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 5 + 2 −5
√𝑥
1 1 1
3. 𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3
𝑢′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 −1 + 𝑥 −2 + 𝑥 −3
𝑢′ (𝑥) = −1𝑥 −2 − 2𝑥 −3 − 3𝑥 −4
1 2 3
𝑢′ (𝑥) = − 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 − 𝑥4
𝑥 2 +𝑥 3 −√𝑥 5 𝑥2 𝑥3 √𝑥 5
4. 𝑢(𝑥 ) = = + −
√𝑥 √ 𝑥 √ 𝑥 √𝑥
3⁄ 5
𝑢′ (𝑟) = 𝑥 2+ 𝑥 ⁄2 − 𝑥2
𝑑𝑢 3 3⁄ −1 5 5⁄ −1
= 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 2−1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 3 1⁄ 5 3⁄
= 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
9⁄
5. 𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑡 5 + √𝑡 7 − 𝑡 5
7⁄ 9⁄
𝑓 (𝑡 ) = 𝑡 5 + 𝑡 2 −𝑡 5
𝑑𝑓 7 7⁄ −1 9 9
= 5𝑡 5−1 + 𝑡 2 − 𝑡 ⁄5−1
𝑑𝑡 2 5
𝑑𝑓 7 5⁄ 9 4
= 5𝑡 4 + 𝑡 2 − 5 𝑡 ⁄5
𝑑𝑡 2
1 1 1
6. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4
1 1 1 1 1
𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2 𝑥 2−1 + 3 𝑥 3−1 + 14𝑥 4−1
1 1 1 2 3 1 1
𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 −2 + 𝑥 −3 + 14𝑥 −4 = + 3 + 4
1
2 3 2√𝑥 3 √𝑥 2 4 √𝑥3
1⁄
7. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑖𝑥 𝑖
1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 4+ . . . +𝑛𝑥 𝑛
𝑑𝑓 1 1⁄ 1 2⁄ 1 3⁄ 1 1−𝑛⁄
= 1 + 2 ∗ 2 𝑥− 2 + 3 ∗ 3 𝑥− 3 + 4 ∗ 4 𝑥− 4+ . . . +𝑛 ∗ 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 1⁄ 2⁄ 3⁄ 1−𝑛⁄
= 1 + 𝑥− 2 + 𝑥− 3 + 𝑥− 4+ . . . +𝑥 𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 1−𝑖
= ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥 𝑖
𝑑𝑥
𝑟3
8. 𝑢(𝑟) = |𝑟|7 −
|𝑟 2 +1|
′ ′
𝑑𝑢 |𝑟|7 (𝑟 3 ) (𝑟 2+1)−𝑟3 (𝑟 2+1)
= ∗ 7𝑟 7−1 −
𝑑𝑟 𝑟7 (𝑟 2 +1)2
𝑑𝑢 |𝑟|6 |𝑟| 3𝑟 2(𝑟 2+1)−𝑟3 2𝑟
= ∗ 7𝑟 6 −
𝑑𝑟 𝑟7 (𝑟 2+1)2
 𝑑𝑢 |𝑟| 3𝑟 4 +3𝑟 2 −2𝑟4
= 7|𝑟|6 − (𝑟 2 +1)2
𝑑𝑟 𝑟
𝑑𝑢 |𝑟| 3𝑟 2 +𝑟4
= 7|𝑟|6 − (𝑟 2 +1)2
𝑑𝑟 𝑟
4
𝑡 5 +𝑡 7
9. 𝑔(𝑡) = 1
𝑡 4 +𝑡 6
4 1 4 5
4 −1 1 −
(5𝑡4 + 𝑡 7 )(𝑡4 +𝑡 6 )−(𝑡 5 +𝑡7 )(4𝑡3 + 𝑡 6 )
𝑑𝑢 7 6
= 1 2
𝑑𝑟
(𝑡 4 +𝑡6 )

3 1 4 5
4 − 1 −
(5𝑡4 + 𝑡 7 )(𝑡 4 +𝑡6 ) (𝑡 5 +𝑡 7 )(4𝑡 3 + 𝑡 6 )
𝑑𝑢 7 6
= 1 2
− 1 2
𝑑𝑟
(𝑡 4 +𝑡 6 ) (𝑡 4 +𝑡 6 )

4 5
3 1 −
4 − (𝑡 5 +𝑡 7 )(4𝑡 3 + 𝑡 6 )
𝑑𝑢 5𝑡 4 + 𝑡 7 6
7
= 1 − 1 2
𝑑𝑟
𝑡 4 +𝑡 6 (𝑡 4 +𝑡 6 )

5
7𝑠6
10. ℎ(𝑠) = 4𝑠 4 + 6𝑠6 +7 − 5
5 7(6𝑠5 )(6𝑠7+7)−7𝑠 6(6∗7𝑠6 )
𝑑ℎ(𝑠) 5
= 4 (4) 𝑠 4−1 + (6𝑠7+7)2
𝑑𝑠
1
𝑑ℎ(𝑠) 252𝑠12+294𝑠5 −294𝑠12
= 5𝑠 + 4
(6𝑠7 +7)2
𝑑𝑠
1
𝑑ℎ(𝑠) 294𝑠5−425𝑠12
= 5𝑠 + 4
(6𝑠7+7)2
𝑑𝑠
2
11. 𝑢(𝑥 ) = |𝑥 − 𝑥 |
𝑑𝑢 |𝑥 2 −𝑥|
= (2𝑥 − 1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 −𝑥
|𝑥 5 −1|+|𝑥|
12. 𝑣(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 +5𝑥
|𝑥5 −1|+|𝑥| |𝑥|
𝑑𝑣(𝑥) ( ∗5𝑥 4 + )(𝑥 2 +5𝑥)−(|𝑥 5 −1|+|𝑥|)(2𝑥+5)
𝑥5 −1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= (𝑥 2 +5𝑥)2
|𝑥5 −1|+|𝑥| |𝑥|
𝑑𝑣(𝑥) ∗5𝑥 4 + (|𝑥 5 −1|+|𝑥|)(2𝑥+5)
𝑥5 −1 𝑥
= −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +5𝑥 (𝑥 2 +5𝑥)2
4.2 Derivada aplicando la definición
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ ) = 𝑥 + ℎ + (𝑥 + ℎ )2

𝑥+ℎ+(𝑥+ℎ)2 −𝑥−𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ+𝑥 2 +2𝑥ℎ+ℎ2 −𝑥 2 ℎ(1+2𝑥+ℎ)
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 = limℎ→0
ℎ ℎ
′
𝑦 = 1 + 2𝑥
2. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 3
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 3 𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ) = 2(𝑥 + ℎ) + 3(𝑥 + ℎ )3
2𝑥+2ℎ+3(𝑥 3 +3𝑥 2 ℎ+3𝑥ℎ2 +ℎ3 )−2𝑥−3𝑥 3
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
2ℎ+3𝑥 3 +9𝑥 2 ℎ+9𝑥ℎ2 +3ℎ3−3𝑥 3
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ(9𝑥 2 +9𝑥ℎ+3ℎ2 +2)
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 = 9𝑥 2 + 2
ℎ
3. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑥+ℎ
𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ ) = 𝑎 +𝑥+ℎ
𝑎𝑥+ℎ +𝑥+ℎ−𝑎𝑥 −𝑥 ℎ 𝑎𝑥+ℎ −𝑎𝑥 ℎ 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎ℎ −1)
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 + ℎ = limℎ→0 + ℎ = limℎ→0 +1
ℎ ℎ ℎ

(𝑎ℎ −1) 𝑧𝑎𝑥 1

limℎ→0 𝑎𝑥 lim𝑧→0 ln|1+𝑧| = 𝑙𝑛𝑎 ∗ lim𝑧→0 ln|1+𝑧| 𝑎𝑥
ℎ
𝑙𝑛𝑎 𝑧
1
𝑎ℎ − 1 = 𝑧 = 𝑙𝑛𝑎 ∗ lim𝑧→0 1 𝑎𝑥
ln|1+𝑧|𝑧
𝑎𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑎
𝑎ℎ = 1 + 𝑧 = 𝑙𝑛𝑎 ∗ lim𝑧→0 1 = ∗ 𝑎𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑒
ln|𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑧→0(1+𝑧)𝑧 |

ℎ ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑎 = ln|1 + 𝑧| 𝑦 ′ = 𝑎 𝑥 ln 𝑎 + 1
ln|1+𝑧|
ℎ= 𝑙𝑛𝑎
4. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + ℎ) + 𝑒 −𝑥−ℎ
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+ℎ)+𝑒 −𝑥−ℎ −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑒 −𝑥
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 ∗𝑒 −ℎ −𝑒 −𝑥
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 + limℎ→0
ℎ ℎ
 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑒 −ℎ −1
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ∗ limℎ→0
ℎ ℎ
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 + 𝑒 −𝑥 (−𝑙𝑛𝑒) (Por lo calculado en el anterior ejemplo)
ℎ
𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
ℎ
𝑦 ′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥

5. 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑔𝑥
𝑡𝑔(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑡𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑡𝑔𝑥 𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ) = 𝑡𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ)
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+ℎ)+𝑒 −𝑥−ℎ −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑒 −𝑥
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+ℎ) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ∗cos(𝑥+ℎ) − ℎ∗cos 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗cos(𝑥+ℎ) 𝑒 −ℎ −1
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗cos(𝑥+ℎ)
+ 𝑒 −𝑥 ∗ limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠0 = 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ)−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ)
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗cos(𝑥+ℎ)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗cos(𝑥+ℎ)
𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 1
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗cos(𝑥+ℎ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥
ℎ
6. 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑛(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑙𝑛(𝑥)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ) = 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + ℎ)
𝑥+ℎ 1
ln( ) ℎ ℎ
′ 𝑥
𝑦 = limℎ→0 = limℎ→0 𝑙𝑛 (1 + )
ℎ 𝑥
1 𝑥 𝑥 1
′ ℎ ℎ∗𝑥 ℎ ℎ ∗𝑥
𝑦 = limℎ→0 𝑙𝑛 (1 + ) = limℎ→0 𝑙𝑛 (1 + )
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
′ 1 ℎ ℎ 1 ℎ ℎ
𝑦 = limℎ→0 𝑙𝑛 (1 + ) = ln (𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0 (1 + ) )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 1
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑒 = 𝑥
3
7. 𝑦 = √𝑥
3 3
3 √𝑥+ℎ − √𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
3
𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ) = √𝑥 + ℎ
3 3 3 3 3
( √𝑥+ℎ− √𝑥)( √(𝑥+ℎ)2 + √𝑥(𝑥+ℎ)+ √𝑥 2)
′
𝑦 = limℎ→0 3 3 3
ℎ( √(𝑥+ℎ)2+ √𝑥(𝑥+ℎ)+ √𝑥 2 )
3 3 3 3
( √𝑥+ℎ ) −( √𝑥) 𝑥+ℎ−𝑥
′
𝑦 = limℎ→0 3 3 = limℎ→0 3 3 3
ℎ( √(𝑥+ℎ)2 + 3√𝑥(𝑥+ℎ)+ √𝑥 2 ) ℎ( √𝑥 2 + √𝑥 2 + √𝑥 2 )
1
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 3
3 √𝑥 2
8. 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ) = (𝑥 + ℎ) cos(𝑥 + ℎ)
(𝑥+ℎ) cos(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
(𝑥+ℎ)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ)−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ+ℎ𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−ℎ𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ+ℎ𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−ℎ𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ
𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ ℎ𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ℎ𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 −𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + −
ℎ ℎ ℎ
′
𝑦 = limℎ→0 −𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
9.
𝑥
10. 𝑦 = 𝑥−1
1 𝑥+ℎ 𝑥 (𝑥+ℎ)(𝑥−1)−𝑥(𝑥+ℎ−1)
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 ℎ [𝑥+ℎ−1 − 𝑥−1] = limℎ→0 ℎ(𝑥+ℎ−1)(𝑥−1)
𝑥 2 −𝑥+ℎ𝑥−ℎ−𝑥 2 −𝑥ℎ+𝑥 −ℎ
𝑦 ′ = limℎ→0 = limℎ→0
ℎ(𝑥+ℎ−1)(𝑥−1) ℎ(𝑥+ℎ−1)(𝑥−1)
1
𝑦 ′ = − (𝑥−1)2
4.3 Derivada funciones trigonométricas
1.
1
2. 𝑙 (𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −3 𝑥
𝑑𝑙
= −3𝑐𝑜𝑠 −3−1 𝑥 ∗ (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) = 3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −4𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
= 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 6 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
3. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 4
𝑡𝑔𝑥−𝑥 7
4 3
4 −
(6𝑥 5 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(𝑡𝑔𝑥−𝑥 7 )−(𝑥 6 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥− 𝑥 7 )
𝑑𝑔(𝑥) 7
= 4 2
𝑑𝑥
(𝑡𝑔𝑥−𝑥 7 )

3
𝑑𝑔 6𝑥 5 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥 6 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 4
= 42
− 4 2
(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 7 𝑥 −7 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑔𝑥−𝑥 7 (𝑡𝑔𝑥−𝑥 7 )

4. 𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − |𝑥 |𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

𝑑𝑢 |𝑥|
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − |𝑥 |𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
5. 𝑠(𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ cos(𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 )
𝑠 ′(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∗ cos (𝑥 (𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 9) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 (𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 9))(4𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 + 9))
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
6. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑓 −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
= (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 −𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥+2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
𝑑𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 1
= − 1+2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1+𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
7. 𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 + 𝑥5 𝑠𝑒𝑛4 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 + 𝑥 −5 𝑠𝑒𝑛−4 𝑥
𝑑𝑢(𝑥)
= −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥 − 5𝑥 −6 𝑠𝑒𝑛−4 𝑥 − 4𝑥 −5 𝑠𝑒𝑛−5 𝑥 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢(𝑥) 5 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥 − 𝑥6 𝑠𝑒𝑛4 𝑥 − 𝑥5 𝑠𝑒𝑛5 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
8. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = |𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 |
𝑑𝑓 |𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥| |𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥|
= ∗ (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) = − ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥 3 +𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
9. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑡𝑔𝑥−|𝑥|
|𝑥|
𝑑𝑔 (3𝑥 2 +1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(𝑡𝑔𝑥−|𝑥|)−(𝑥 3+𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥− )
𝑥
= (𝑡𝑔𝑥−|𝑥|)2
𝑑𝑥
|𝑥|
𝑑𝑔 3𝑥 2 +1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (𝑥 3 +𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥− )
𝑥
= − (𝑡𝑔𝑥−|𝑥|)2
𝑑𝑥 𝑡𝑔𝑥−|𝑥|
10. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑔(𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 2

𝑑𝑓
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 ∗ 𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥(𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 ) + 𝑡𝑔𝑥(3𝑥 3 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ))
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑓
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 ∗ 𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥(𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 ) + 𝑡𝑔𝑥(3𝑥 3 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 6 +𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
11. 𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥−𝑡𝑔2 𝑥+𝑥
𝑑𝑢 (6𝑥 5 +𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥∗𝑡𝑔𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥−𝑡𝑔2 𝑥+𝑥)−(𝑥 6 +𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥)(2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−2𝑡𝑔𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑥+1)
= (𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥−𝑡𝑔2 𝑥+𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 6𝑥 5 +𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥∗𝑡𝑔𝑥 (𝑥 6 +𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥)(2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−2𝑡𝑔𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥+1)
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥−𝑡𝑔2 𝑥+𝑥 − (𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥−𝑡𝑔2 𝑥+𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
12. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑓 (0) = 1 1 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠0 − 𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑛0 𝑎=1
𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = −𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑓 ′(0) = 5 5 = −𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑛0 − 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠0 𝑏 = −5
4.4 Derivadas de funciones logarítmicas
1.
𝑥
2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑒 7𝑥 − 𝑒2𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑓 (𝑒 2𝑥 +𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−𝑥(2𝑒 2𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 7𝑒 7𝑥 − (𝑒 2𝑥 +𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 1 2𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 +𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 7𝑒 7𝑥 − 𝑒2𝑥 +𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + (𝑒 2𝑥 +𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
3. ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑥 5 = 5𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑑ℎ 1
= −20𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 ∗ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑ℎ 5
= −20𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
4. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ℎ + (5𝑛 )𝑥 = 𝑛𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 5𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑓 1 𝑛
= 𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑛5𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛5 = 𝑥 + 𝑛5𝑛𝑥 𝑙𝑛5
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 25𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 25
𝑑𝑥
5. 𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 25𝑥 = 25𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1
= 25𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 25𝑥 ∗ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 25𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 25
𝑑𝑥
𝑥+𝑥 7
6. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑙𝑛𝑥
1
𝑑𝑔 (1+7𝑥 6 )(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑙𝑛𝑥)−(𝑥+𝑥 7 )(−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥− )
𝑥
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑙𝑛𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑔 1+7𝑥 6 (𝑥+𝑥 7 )(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+ )
𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑙𝑛𝑥 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑙𝑛𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥)
7. ℎ(𝑥 ) = (log 3 𝑥 )(3
1
Si 𝑦 = log 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑏
𝑑ℎ 1
= 𝑥𝑙𝑛3 ∗ 3𝑥 + log 3 𝑥 (3𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛3)
𝑑𝑥
8. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 |𝑥| 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑔 |𝑥| |𝑥| |𝑥|
= 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑒 |𝑥| 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 𝑒 |𝑥| ( 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛|𝑡|
9. 𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒5𝑡 +𝑡𝑔𝑡
|𝑡|
𝑑𝑢 (cos|𝑡|∗ )(𝑒 5𝑡 +𝑡𝑔𝑡)−𝑠𝑒𝑛|𝑡|(5𝑒 5𝑡 +𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡)
𝑡
= (𝑒 5𝑡 +𝑡𝑔𝑡)2
𝑑𝑡
|𝑡|
𝑑𝑢 cos|𝑡| 𝑠𝑒𝑛|𝑡|(5𝑒 5𝑡 +𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡)
= 𝑒𝑡5𝑡 +𝑡𝑔𝑡 − (𝑒 5𝑡 +𝑡𝑔𝑡)2
𝑑𝑡
𝑥4
10. 𝑣(𝑥 ) = |𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥|
𝑥4
𝑑𝑣 | | 4𝑥 3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−𝑥 4 (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
= 𝑥4 [ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2
]
𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
 𝑥4
𝑑𝑣 | | 4𝑥 3 𝑥 4 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
= 𝑥4 [ + (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2
]
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

11. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (cos|𝑥 | + 𝑠𝑒𝑛|𝑥 |)−1

𝑑𝑓 |𝑥| |𝑥|
= −(cos|𝑥 | + 𝑠𝑒𝑛|𝑥 |)−2 ∗ [−𝑠𝑒𝑛|𝑥| ∗ + cos|𝑥 | ∗ ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑓 |𝑥| 𝑠𝑒𝑛|𝑥|−cos|𝑥|
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛|𝑥|−cos|𝑥|
𝜋 (𝑥 2 −9)
12. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑙𝑛
𝑑𝑓 𝜋 (𝑥 2 −9)
= 𝑒 𝑙𝑛 [𝜋 ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝜋−1 (𝑥 2 − 9)] ∗ 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 𝜋 (𝑥 2 −9)
= 2𝜋𝑥𝑒 𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛𝜋−1 (𝑥 2 − 9)
𝑑𝑥
13. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎−(𝑥−𝑙𝑛𝑎) = 𝑎−𝑥+𝑙𝑛𝑎 = 𝑎−𝑥 ∗ 𝑎𝑙𝑛𝑎
𝑑𝑓
= 𝑎𝑙𝑛𝑎 ∗ 𝑎−𝑥 ∗ (−1) ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑎 = −𝑎−𝑥+𝑙𝑛𝑎 ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑎
𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
14. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝜋) 2 −5
1
√ 𝑥 𝑥2
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ( 2 − 5) log(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝜋) = ( 2 − 5) log(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝜋)
1 1
−
𝑑𝑓 𝑥 2 𝑥2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= log(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝜋) + ( 2 − 5) (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝜋)𝑙𝑛10
𝑑𝑥 4

𝑑𝑓 log(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝜋) √𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= + ( 2 − 5) (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝜋)𝑙𝑛10
𝑑𝑥 4√𝑥
𝑥
15. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5log3 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛𝑥
1
𝑑𝑓 𝑙𝑛𝑥−𝑥∗
= 5log3 𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛5 − (𝑙𝑛𝑥)2
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 5log3 𝑥 𝑙𝑛5 1 1
= ∗ 𝑙𝑛3 − 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + (𝑙𝑛𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1
16. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 8𝑥−5 − 6𝑥2
1
𝑑𝑓
= 8𝑥−5 ∗ 𝑙𝑛8 − 6𝑥2 ∗ 𝑙𝑛6(−2𝑥 −3 )
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑓 𝑥−5 2∗6𝑥2 𝑙𝑛6
=8 ∗ 𝑙𝑛8 +
𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
4.5 Regla de la cadena
1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 [𝑙𝑛𝑥 (𝑙𝑛𝑥 )]
𝑙𝑛𝑥 1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 (𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 ) + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 (𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥) (𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1)
𝑥
𝑑𝑓 1 𝑙𝑛𝑥 1
= 𝑥 𝑙𝑛(𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 ) + 𝑥 +𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑥+1
2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥−1
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑓 1(𝑥−1)−(𝑥+1)(1) 𝑥−1−𝑥−1
= 𝑒 𝑥−1 ( (𝑥−1)2
) = 𝑒 𝑥−1 ( (𝑥−1)2
)
𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝑑𝑓 −2
= 𝑒 𝑥−1 ((𝑥−1)2 )
𝑑𝑥
3
3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln(√1 + 𝑥 √2 + 𝑥 2 )
1 1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln ((1 + 𝑥 )2 (2 + 𝑥 2 )3 )
1 1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln(1 + 𝑥 )2 + ln(2 + 𝑥 2 )3
1 1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2 ln(1 + 𝑥 ) + 3 ln(2 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑓 1 1 1 1
= ( )+ ( ) (2𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 2 1+𝑥 3 2+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑓 1 2𝑥
= 2+2𝑥 + 6+3𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
3
𝑥−1 2 3 𝑥−1
4. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln (3−4𝑥2) = 2 ln (3−4𝑥2 )
3 3
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2 ln(𝑥 − 1) − 2 ln(3 − 4𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑓 3 1 3 1
= 2 ∗ 𝑥−1 − 2 ∗ 3−4𝑥2 ∗ (−8𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 3 12𝑥
= 2𝑥−2 − 3−4𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
5. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln(3𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )
𝑑𝑓 1
= 3𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ (3𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛3 + 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 3𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑙𝑛3 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= + 3𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
6. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑙𝑛𝑥 )𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑦 = (𝑙𝑛𝑥 )𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln(𝑙𝑛𝑥 )𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∗ ln(𝑙𝑛𝑥 )
𝑦′ 1 1 1
= 𝑥 ln(𝑙𝑛𝑥 ) + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑥
𝑦
1 1
𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 (𝑥) (ln(𝑙𝑛𝑥 ) + 1) = 𝑥 ∗ (𝑙𝑛𝑥 )𝑙𝑛𝑥 (ln(𝑙𝑛𝑥 ) + 1)
𝑥
7. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑙𝑛𝑥)2
1
𝑑𝑓 (𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 −𝑥(2𝑙𝑛𝑥)( ) (𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑥
= (𝑙𝑛𝑥)4
= (𝑙𝑛𝑥)4 − 2 (𝑙𝑛𝑥)4
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑓 1 2
= (𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 − (𝑙𝑛𝑥)3
𝑑𝑥
8. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )
Derivando
𝑦′ 1
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∗ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦
𝑦 ′ = 𝑦[−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥 ]
𝑦 ′ = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 [−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥]
9. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 + 𝑡𝑔𝑥 )
𝑑𝑓
= cos(𝑥 2 + 𝑡𝑔𝑥 ) (2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
5 1
10. ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 [ √ln(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 6 )] = cos ((𝑙𝑛(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 6 ))5 )
𝑑ℎ 1 1 1 1
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛 ((ln(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 6 ))5 ) ∗ 5 [ln(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 6 )]1−5 ∗ 𝑥4 −𝑥6 (4𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 5 )
𝑑𝑥
5
𝑑ℎ −𝑠𝑒𝑛( √ln(𝑥 4 −𝑥 6))∗𝑥 3 (4−6𝑥 2 )
= 5
𝑑𝑥 √ln(𝑥 4 −𝑥 6 )∗𝑥 3 (𝑥−𝑥 3 )
2 +𝑡𝑔𝑡)]
11. 𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠[ln(𝑡
𝑑𝑢 2 +𝑡𝑔𝑡)] 1
= 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠[ln(𝑡 [−𝑠𝑒𝑛(ln(𝑡 2 + 𝑡𝑔𝑡))] [ ] (2𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑡 2 +𝑡𝑔𝑡
2
𝑑𝑢 −𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠[ln(𝑡 +𝑡𝑔𝑡)] 𝑠𝑒𝑛(ln(𝑡 2 +𝑡𝑔𝑡))(2𝑡+𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡)
=
𝑑𝑡 𝑡 2 +𝑡𝑔𝑡

12. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = √√√√𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 16√𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

1
𝑔(𝑥 ) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )16
𝑑𝑔 1 1
= 16 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )16−1 (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑔 (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
= 15
𝑑𝑥
16(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)16

13. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑥 2 + ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 )) + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥

1 1
2𝑥+ ∗cos(𝑥 2 +𝑥)(2𝑥+1)+
𝑑𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥2 +𝑥) 1+𝑥2
= [−𝑠𝑒𝑛√𝑥 2 + ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 )) + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥] [ ]
𝑑𝑥
2√𝑥 2 +ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 +𝑥))+𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥

1
𝑑𝑓 2𝑥+cotg(𝑥 2 +𝑥)(2𝑥+1)+
1+𝑥2
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛√𝑥 2 + ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 )) + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥 [ ]
𝑑𝑥
2√𝑥 2+ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 +𝑥))+𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥

14. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔(𝑠𝑒𝑛√𝑥 1000 + 𝑒 𝑥 )

𝑑𝑓 1 1
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑥 1000 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) ∗ ∗ (1000𝑥 999 + 𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑠𝑒𝑛2 √𝑥 1000 +𝑒 𝑥 2√𝑥 1000 +𝑒 𝑥
 𝑑𝑓 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑥 1000+𝑒 𝑥 1000𝑥 999 +𝑒 𝑥
=2 ∗
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 1000 +𝑒 𝑥 1+𝑠𝑒𝑛2 √𝑥 1000 +𝑒 𝑥
15. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = cos(𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ))
𝑑𝑓
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛(cos(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )) ∗ (−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥))(−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛(cos(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
16. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = cos(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ))
𝑑𝑓
= − sen(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )) ∗ (cos(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )) ∗ (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓
= sen(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )) ∗ cos(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
17. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ(𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑡𝑔√𝑥 + 1) senh(x) =
2
𝑑𝑓 1 1 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
= cosh(𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑡𝑔√𝑥 + 1) [𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2√𝑥 + 1 ∗ 2 ] cosh(𝑥 ) =
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥+1 2
𝑑𝑓 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥+1 ′
= cosh(𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑡𝑔√𝑥 + 1) [𝑥 + ] (𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ(𝑥)) = cosh(𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥+1
18. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = [[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + [ln(𝑥 10 + 𝑡𝑔𝑥 )] ]10]100
10

Realizando operaciones
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + [ln(𝑥 10 + 𝑡𝑔𝑥 )]10 ]100
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 100𝑥 + [ln(𝑥 10 + 𝑡𝑔𝑥 )]1000
𝑑𝑓 1
= 100𝑐𝑜𝑠 99 𝑥(−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) + 1000[𝑙𝑛(𝑥 10 + 𝑡𝑔𝑥 )]99 ∗ 𝑥10 +𝑡𝑔𝑥 (10𝑥 9 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
99
𝑑𝑓 1000[𝑙𝑛(𝑥 10 +𝑡𝑔𝑥)]
= −100𝑐𝑜𝑠 99𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + (10𝑥 9 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 10 +𝑡𝑔𝑥
Derivada de orden superior
a) 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑦 𝐼𝑉 = 𝑎4 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑦 ′′ = 𝑎2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑦 𝑉 = 𝑎5 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑦 ′′′ = 𝑎3 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑦 (𝑛) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
1
b) 𝑦 = 1−𝑥 = (1 − 𝑥 )−1
𝑦 ′ = −1 ∗ (1 − 𝑥 )−2 (−1) = 1(1 − 𝑥 )−2
𝑦 ′′ = 1 ∗ (−2) ∗ (1 − 𝑥 )−3 (−1) = 1(−2)(1 − 𝑥 )−3
𝑦 ′′′ = 1(2)(3)(1 − 𝑥 )−4
𝑦 𝐼𝑉 = 1(2)(3)(4)(1 − 𝑥 )−5
𝑦 (𝑛) = 𝑛! (1 − 𝑥 )−(𝑛+1)
1
c) 𝑦 = 1+𝑥 = (1 + 𝑥 )−1
𝑦 ′ = −1 ∗ (1 + 𝑥 )−2 = 1(1 − 𝑥 )−2 (−1)
𝑦 ′′ = 1 ∗ (2) ∗ (1 + 𝑥 )−3 (−1)2
𝑦 ′′′ = 1(2)(3)(1 + 𝑥 )−4 (−1)3
𝑦 𝐼𝑉 = 1(2)(3)(4)(1 + 𝑥 )−5 (−1)4
𝑦 (𝑛) = 𝑛! (1 + 𝑥 )−(𝑛+1) (−1)𝑛
5𝑥−2 3𝑥+2𝑥−2+4−4
d) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥2 −4 = 𝑥 2 −4
2𝑥+4 3𝑥−6
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥2 −4 + 𝑥2 −4
2(𝑥+2) 3(𝑥−2)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥−2)(𝑥+2) + (𝑥−2)(𝑥+2)
2 3
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥−2 + 𝑥+2
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2(𝑥 − 2)−1 + 3(𝑥 + 2)−1
𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 2(−1)(𝑥 − 2)−2 + 3(−1)(𝑥 + 2)−2
𝑓 ′′(𝑥 ) = 2(1)(2)(𝑥 − 2)−3 (−1)2 + 3(1)(2)(𝑥 + 2)−3 (−1)2
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥 ) = 2(1)(2)(3)(𝑥 − 2)−4 (−1)3 + 3(1)(2)(3)(𝑥 + 2)−4 (−1)3
𝑛!(−1)𝑛 𝑛!(−1)𝑛
𝑓 (𝑛)(𝑥 ) = 2 (𝑥−2)𝑛+1 + 3 (𝑥+2)𝑛+1
e)
f) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑓 𝐼𝑉 (𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 Par
𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑓 𝑉 (𝑥 ) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 Impar
𝑓 ′′(𝑥 ) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑓 𝑉𝐼 (𝑥 ) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 Par
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑓 𝑉𝐼𝐼 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 Impar
𝑛+1
(−1) 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 n impar
𝑛
(−1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 n par
g) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑓 𝐼𝑉 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑓 𝑉 (𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
 𝑓 ′′(𝑥 ) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑓 𝑉𝐼 (𝑥 ) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥 ) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑓 𝑉𝐼𝐼 (𝑥 ) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑛
(−1) 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 n par
𝑛−1
(−1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 n impar
h) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥
1
𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 = 𝑥 −1
𝑓 ′′(𝑥 ) = (−1)(𝑥 −2 ) = 1(𝑥 −2 )(−1)
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥 ) = (−1)(−2)𝑥 −3 = 1(2)𝑥 −3 (−1)2
𝑓 𝐼𝑉 (𝑥 ) = (−1)(−2)(−3)𝑥 −4 = 1(2)(3)𝑥 −4 (−1)3
𝑓 (𝑛)(𝑥 ) = (𝑛 − 1)! 𝑥 −𝑛 (−1)𝑛−1
i) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln(𝑥 + 1)
1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = = (𝑥 + 1)−1
𝑥+1
𝑓 ′′(𝑥 ) = (−1)(𝑥 + 1)−2 = 1(𝑥 + 1)−2 (−1)
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥 ) = (−1)(−2)(𝑥 + 1)−3 = 1(2)𝑥 −3 (−1)2
𝑓 𝐼𝑉 (𝑥 ) = (−1)(−2)(−3)(𝑥 + 1)−4 = 1(2)(3)𝑥 −4 (−1)3
𝑓 (𝑛)(𝑥 ) = (𝑛 − 1)! (𝑥 + 1)−𝑛 (−1)𝑛−1
Derivadas de funciones implícitas
1 1
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16
1 1 1 1
𝑥 −2 + 2 𝑦 −2 𝑦 ′ = 0
2
1 1
𝑦 −2 𝑦 ′ = −𝑥 −2
1
−
′ 𝑦 2
𝑦 =− −
1
𝑥 2
𝑦
𝑦 ′ = −√ 𝑥

2. 𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 4
3𝑥 2 − (𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′) + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
𝑦 ′(𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦
3𝑥 2 −𝑦
𝑦′ = 𝑥−2𝑦
3 3
3. 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 𝑥
3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 ′ = 1
𝑦 ′(3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 − 1) = 1 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 3
1−3𝑥 2 𝑦 3
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥3 𝑦2 −1
4. 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦 2 + 6𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
(6𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′ = 4𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 2
4𝑥𝑦−3𝑦 2 −3𝑥 2
𝑦′ = 6𝑥𝑦−2𝑥 2
𝑥
5. 𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝑘
𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 −1 = 𝑘
1
𝑦
𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 −1 − 𝑥𝑦 −2 𝑦 ′ = 0
𝑦′ 𝑥 1
− + 𝑦2 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦
𝑦
𝑥−𝑦 1
( 𝑦2 ) 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦
𝑦
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥−𝑦
6. 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 0
𝑦𝑥 𝑦−1 + 𝑥 𝑦 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 ′ − 𝑥𝑦 𝑥−1 𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 0
𝑦 ′(𝑥 𝑦 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑥−1 ) = 𝑦 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 𝑦𝑥 𝑦−1
𝑦 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑦−𝑦𝑥 𝑦−1
𝑦′ = 𝑥 𝑦 𝑙𝑛𝑥−𝑥𝑦 𝑥−1
7. 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 = 0
2 2

3𝑥 2 + 𝑎(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′) + 𝑏(𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′) + 3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ = 0

3𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ = 0
 𝑦 ′(𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 ) = −(3𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 )
3𝑥 2 +2𝑎𝑥𝑦+𝑏𝑦 2
𝑦 ′ = − 𝑎𝑥2 +2𝑏𝑥𝑦+3𝑦2

8. 𝑥 2 − 𝑎√𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑎 = 0
1 1
𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑎 = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
2𝑥 − 2 𝑎𝑥 −2 𝑦 2 − 2 𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 −2 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
𝑎 1 1 1 1 1
𝑦 ′ (2𝑦 − 2 𝑥 2 𝑦 −2 ) = 2 𝑎𝑥 −2 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥
1 1
−
′ 𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 2 −4𝑥
𝑦 = −
1 1
4𝑦−𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 2
9. 2𝑥 𝑦 − 4𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 6 = 0
4 2 2 4

8𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 4 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 8𝑥𝑦 4 − 16𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0

𝑦 ′(4𝑥 4 𝑦 − 16𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦) = 8𝑥𝑦 4 − 8𝑥 3 𝑦 2
8𝑥𝑦 4 −8𝑥 3𝑦 2
𝑦 ′ = 4𝑥4 𝑦−16𝑥2𝑦3+2𝑥2 𝑦

10. √𝑦 + 3√𝑦 + 4√𝑦 3 − 𝑥 = 0

1 1 3
𝑦2 + 𝑦3 + 𝑦4 − 𝑥 = 0
1 1 1 2 3 1
𝑦 −2 𝑦 ′ + 3 𝑦 −3 𝑦 ′ + 4 𝑦 −4 𝑦 ′ − 1 = 0
2
1 1 3
𝑦 ′ (2 + 3 + 4 4 𝑦) = 1
√𝑦 3 √𝑦 2 √
1
𝑦′ = 1 1 3
+ + 4
2 √𝑦 3 4 √𝑦
3 √𝑦2

11. √𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 − √𝑦 = 0
1 1 1
𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑥 −2 𝑦 2 + 2 𝑥 2 𝑦 −2 𝑦 ′ + 2 − 2 𝑦 −2 𝑦 ′ = 0
2
1 1 1 1 1
𝑦 ′ (𝑥 2 𝑦 −2 − 𝑦 −2 ) = −4 − 𝑥 −2 𝑦 2
𝑦′ 𝑦
(√𝑥 − 1) = − (4 + √ )
√𝑦 𝑥 √
𝑦
(4√𝑦+ )
𝑦′ = − √𝑥
√𝑥−1
12. 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑦 = 0
1
𝑦 ′ − 1 − 1+𝑦2 ∗ 𝑦 ′ = 0
1+𝑦 2 −1
( ) 𝑦′ = 1
1+𝑦 2
1+𝑦 2
𝑦′ = 𝑦2
13. 𝑥 − 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 − 𝑎4 = 0
3

3𝑥 2 − 3𝑎𝑦 − 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ = 0
 (𝑦 2 − 𝑎𝑥 )𝑦 ′ = 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑥 2
𝑎𝑦−𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = 𝑦2 −𝑎𝑥
𝑥3 𝑦2 7
14. 𝑦2 + 𝑥3 − 3 = 0
3𝑥 6 + 3𝑦 4 − 7𝑦 2 𝑥 3 = 0
18𝑥 5 + 12𝑦 3 𝑦 ′ − 21𝑦 2 𝑥 2 − 14𝑦𝑥 3 𝑦 ′ = 0
(12𝑦 3 − 14𝑦𝑥 3 )𝑦 ′ = 21𝑦 2 𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 5
21𝑦 2 𝑥 2−18𝑥 5 3𝑥 2 (7𝑦2 −6𝑥 3 )
𝑦′ = = − 2𝑦(7𝑦𝑥3 −6𝑦3)
12𝑦 3−14𝑦𝑥 3
15. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 − (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 − 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 4 = 0
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 4 = 0
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 4 = 0
4𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 ′ − 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 3 𝑦 ′ = 0
(4𝑦 − 4𝑦 3 )𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
3𝑥 2 −4𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 4𝑦−4𝑦3
16. (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑦 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑦 4 − 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 3 𝑦 ′ − 1 + 𝑦 ′ = 0
(3𝑥𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 3 + 1)𝑦 ′ = 1 + 𝑦 3
1−𝑦 3
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥𝑦2 +4𝑦3 +1
𝑦 1
17. 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 (𝑥) − 2 ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 0
Derivando
1 𝑦 ′ 𝑥−𝑦 1 1
( 𝑦2
)( ) − 2 (𝑥2 +𝑦2 ) (2𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 ′) = 0
1+ 2 𝑥2
𝑥
𝑦 ′ 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦𝑦 ′
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
=0
𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
′

𝑥+𝑦
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥−𝑦
𝑥−𝑦
18. 𝑦 3 − 𝑥+𝑦 = 0
(1−𝑦 ′ )(𝑥+𝑦)−(𝑥−𝑦)(1−𝑦 ′ )
3𝑦 2 − (𝑥+𝑦)2
=0
𝑥+𝑦−𝑥𝑦 ′ −𝑦𝑦 ′ −𝑥−𝑥𝑦 ′ +𝑦+𝑦𝑦 ′
3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ − (𝑥+𝑦)2
=0
2𝑥 −2𝑦
3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + (𝑥+𝑦)2
𝑦 ′ = (𝑥+𝑦)2
2𝑥 2𝑦
𝑦 ′ (3𝑦 2 + (𝑥+𝑦)2 ) = (𝑥+𝑦)2
2𝑦
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑦 2 (𝑥+𝑦)2 +2𝑥
19. 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦 = 1
Derivando
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑦) ∗ 2𝑦 ′ = 0
2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑦 ∗ 𝑦 ′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦′ =
2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑦
20. 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥 (1 + 𝑡𝑔𝑦)
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑡𝑔𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1 + 𝑡𝑔𝑦 + 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 ∗ 𝑦 ′
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1 − 𝑡𝑔𝑦 = 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 ∗ 𝑦 ′
𝑦3
𝑦′ =
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦−3𝑥𝑦 2
21. 𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 1
𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 3
𝑦3
𝑦 ′ = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦−3𝑥𝑦2

22. 𝑥𝑦 + 5√𝑙𝑛𝑦𝑥 3 = 5
1
𝑥𝑦 + 5(𝑙𝑛𝑦)2 𝑥 3 = 5
1 1 𝑦′
𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 5 (2) (𝑙𝑛𝑦)−2 𝑥 3 + 15𝑥 2 √𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 0
𝑦

5𝑥 3 1
𝑦 ′ (𝑥 + 1 ) = −15𝑥 2 (𝑙𝑛𝑦)2 + 𝑦
2𝑦𝑙𝑛2 𝑦
1
′ 15𝑥 2 (𝑙𝑛𝑦)2+𝑦
𝑦 =− 5𝑥3
𝑥+ 1
2𝑦𝑙𝑛2 𝑦
𝑥
23. 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 (𝑦)
1 𝑦−𝑥𝑦 ′
𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑥2
∗( )
1+ 2 𝑦2
𝑦

𝑦−𝑥𝑦 ′
𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑥2 +𝑦2
𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 ′
[𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑥 ]𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 − 𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑦 1−𝑥 2 −𝑦2
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 (1+𝑥2 +𝑦2 )
24. 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦 = 0
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦𝑦 ′ − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
(𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑦)𝑦 ′ = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
𝑦 ′ = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑦−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
25. 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − cos(𝑥 − 𝑦)
 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦)(1 − 𝑦 ′) = 0
(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦))𝑦 ′ = −𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦)
𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥−𝑦)
𝑦′ = − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥−𝑦)
1
26. 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 ( ) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑦) = 0
√𝑥 2 +𝑦2

1 1 2𝑥+2𝑦𝑦 ′
𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ − ( 1 ) ∗ (− 2) 3 + cos(𝑥𝑦) (𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′)
1+ 2 2 (𝑥 2 +𝑦2 )2
𝑥 +𝑦

𝑥+𝑦𝑦 ′
𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ + + cos(𝑥𝑦) (𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′)
(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +1)√𝑥 2+𝑦 2
𝑥
𝑦2+ +𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦)
√𝑥2 +𝑦2 (𝑥2 +𝑦2 +1)
𝑦′ = − 𝑦
2𝑥𝑦+𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦)+
√𝑥2 +𝑦2 (𝑥2 +𝑦2 +1)

27. 𝑥𝑔(𝑥 ) + 𝑦𝑓(𝑥 ) = 0

𝑔(𝑦) + 𝑥𝑔′ (𝑦)𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 ′𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑦𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 0
𝑦 ′(𝑥𝑔′(𝑦) + 𝑓 (𝑥 )) = −𝑦𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑦𝑓′ (𝑥)+𝑔(𝑥)
𝑦 ′ = − 𝑥𝑔′ (𝑦)+𝑓(𝑥)
Derivación paramétrica
𝑑𝑦
′ 𝑑𝑡
1. 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡

𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑡 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 (1)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑡 (2)
𝑑𝑡
(1)/(2)
𝑑𝑦
2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡−2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡)
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡
𝑑𝑡

2. 𝑥 = 2 log 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑡

𝑑𝑥 2 2𝑙𝑛2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑡 ∗ 𝑙𝑛2(−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑡) = − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2 𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑡
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑡 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑡∗𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑡∗𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑡−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑡
= 2𝑙𝑛2 = 2𝑙𝑛2∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑥 −
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
Graficas de funciones paramétricas
1. 𝑥 = √𝑡 𝑦 = 1−𝑡
t 0 1 2 3 4 9
x 0 1 √2 √3 2 3
y 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -8
Y

1 2 3 4 5 x
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

c) 𝑥 = √𝑡
𝑥2 = 𝑡
𝑦 = 1−𝑡
𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥2 Ecuación rectangular
2. 𝑥 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
−𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝜃 2 4
0 4 2
x 0 2 4 2 0
y -2 −√2 -1 -2 -3

-1 1 2 3 4

-2

-3

-4

𝑥 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
𝑦
𝑥 = 4(1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
2
 𝑦2
𝑥 = 4 (1 − 4 )
𝑥 = 4 − 𝑦2

3. h) 𝑥 = 2𝑡 𝑦 = |𝑡 − 2|
t 0 2 4 6 -2 -4 -6
x 0 4 8 12 -4 -8 -12
y 2 0 2 4 4 6 8
6

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Limites Hopital
𝑒 2𝑥 −1
1) lim𝑥→0 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔5𝑥
2𝑒 2𝑥 2𝑒 0 2
lim𝑥→0 1 = 5 =5
∗5
1+25𝑥2 1+25(0)2

𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 0 +𝑒 −0
2) lim𝑥→0 ln(1+𝑥) = lim𝑥→0 1 = 1 =2
1+𝑥 1+0
2
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥−1 −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝜋) (√2) 2 1
3) lim𝑥→𝜋 = lim𝑥→𝜋 4𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 = − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠4(4𝜋) = − =4=2
4 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 4 4
−4
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗ln(𝑥−3) −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗ln(𝑥−3)+ −(𝑥−3)𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗ln(𝑥−3)+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥−3
4) lim𝑥→3 = lim𝑥→3 1 = lim𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)𝑒𝑥 =
ln(𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 3 ) ∗𝑒 𝑥
𝑒𝑥 −𝑒3 𝑒𝑥 −𝑒3
(𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 3 )((3−𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗ln(𝑥−3)+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
lim𝑥→3 =
𝑥𝑒 𝑥 −3𝑒 𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 ((3−𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗ln(𝑥−3)+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)+(𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 3 )(−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥−3)+(3−𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥−3))−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
lim𝑥→3 [ ]
𝑒 𝑥 −3𝑒 𝑥 +𝑥𝑒 𝑥
𝜋𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥−1)
5) lim𝑥→1 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 − 1)𝑡𝑔 = lim𝑥→1 𝜋𝑥
2 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔( )
2

Aplicando hopitall
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥−1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(0) 1 2
lim𝑥→1 𝜋𝑥 𝜋 = 𝜋 𝜋 = 𝜋 = −𝜋
−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ( )∗ −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ( )∗ −
2
2 2 2 2

6) lim𝑥→∞ 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛3 𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 −2
7) lim𝑥→0 (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 − 2)𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 𝑡𝑔𝑥
Derivando
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 0 +𝑒 −0 1+1
lim𝑥→0 = = =2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (0) 1
𝑥−1
8) lim𝑥→1 (𝑥 − 1)𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔(𝜋𝑥 − 𝜋) = lim𝑥→1 𝑡𝑔(𝜋𝑥−𝜋)
Aplicando hopitall
1 1 1
lim𝑥→1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝜋𝑥−𝜋)𝜋 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝜋−𝜋)∗𝜋 = 𝜋
ln(𝑥−1)
9) lim𝑥→1 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∗ ln(𝑥 − 1) = lim𝑥→1 𝑙𝑛−1 𝑥
1 1
𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥𝑙𝑛2 𝑥
lim𝑥→1 −𝑙𝑛−2 𝑥
= lim𝑥→1 − 1 = lim𝑥→1 𝑥−1
𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑛2 𝑥

Aplicando hopitall
𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑛2 𝑥+2𝑥 0+0
𝑥
lim𝑥→1 = =0
1 1
1 𝑥 1−𝑥 −1 −1
10) lim𝑥→1 (𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛𝑥) = lim𝑥→1 = lim𝑥→1 1 = 1 = −1
𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑥 1
1 1+𝑥2 −1
1 1 𝑥−𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥 1−
1+𝑥2 1+𝑥2
11) lim𝑥→0 ( − ) = lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 (1+𝑥2 )𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥+𝑥
=
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥 𝑥 𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥+
1+𝑥2 1+𝑥2
𝑥2
lim𝑥→0 (1+𝑥2 )𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥+𝑥
 2𝑥 2𝑥 2(0) 0
lim𝑥→0 1+𝑥2
= lim𝑥→0 2𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥+1+1 = 2(0)𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔0+2 = 2 = 0
2𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥+ +1
1+𝑥2
1 1
3
1 1 3−3 √𝑥−2+2√𝑥 1−3𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2
12) lim𝑥→1 (2(1− − 3 ) = lim𝑥→1 1 1 = lim𝑥→1 1 1 5 =
√𝑥) 3(1− √𝑥)
6(1−𝑥 2)(1−𝑥 3 ) 6(1−𝑥 3 −𝑥 2+𝑥 6 )

2 1 2 1 5 3
1 − 1 − − − 2 − 1 − 2 1
−3 𝑥 3 +2 𝑥 2 −𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 𝑥 3− 𝑥 2 −
3 2 3 2 3 2
lim𝑥→1 1 −
2
1 −
1
5 −
1 = lim𝑥→1 2 1 1 = lim𝑥→1 4 −
5
3 −
3
5 −
7 = 4 3 5 =
−6 𝑥 −6 𝑥 +6 𝑥 6
3 2
− − −
−2𝑥 3 −3𝑥 2 +5𝑥 6 𝑥 + 𝑥 2+ 𝑥 6
3 + −
3 2 6
3 2 6 3 2 6
1
6 1
= 12
2
1 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
13) lim𝑥→0 (𝑥2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔2 𝑥) = lim𝑥→0 (𝑥2 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥) = lim𝑥→0 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
Aplicando hopitall
2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥+2𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥−2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥+𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 =
2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+2𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
2 2
2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥+2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+3𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+2𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
lim𝑥→0 2 2 = lim 𝑥→0 =
2𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥+4𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+4𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+2𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
−4𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+4𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+3𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+6𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+4𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−4𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 5𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+10𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−4𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 =
4𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+4𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+4𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+4𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−4𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 6𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+8𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−4𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
10𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+10𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−20𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−8𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+16𝑥 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 10+10
lim𝑥→0 = =1
12𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+8𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−16𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥−8𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥−8𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 12+8
𝑥 𝜋 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝜋 2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝜋
14) lim𝑥→𝜋 (𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = lim𝑥→𝜋 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = lim𝑥→𝜋 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 2 2
𝜋 𝜋
2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2(1)+2( )𝑐𝑜𝑠
2 2
lim𝑥→𝜋 = 𝜋 = −1
2 −2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 −2𝑠𝑒𝑛
2

15)
16) lim𝑥→𝜋 (𝜋 − 2𝑥 )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2

𝑦 = (𝜋 − 2𝑥 )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛(𝜋 − 2𝑥 )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
lim𝑥→𝜋 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑙𝑛(𝜋 − 2𝑥 ))
2 2
𝑙𝑛(𝜋−2𝑥)
lim𝑥→𝜋
2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
−2
𝜋−2𝑥 2 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
lim𝑥→𝜋 = lim𝑥→𝜋 − (𝜋−2𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = lim𝑥→𝜋 − 𝜋𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = lim𝑥→𝜋 2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝜋𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 =
2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑔𝑥 2 2 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
−4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 −2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
lim𝑥→𝜋 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝜋𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = lim𝑥→𝜋 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝜋𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 2

hopitall
−4𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 −4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 4
lim𝑥→𝜋 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝜋𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 =0=∞
2 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 +2𝑐𝑜𝑠 −2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 −𝜋𝑠𝑒𝑛
2 2 2 2 2

𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ∞
𝑦 = 𝑒∞ = ∞
17) lim𝑥→0 (𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )𝑡𝑔𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )𝑡𝑔𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑡𝑔𝑥ln(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
 1 1
ln(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥√1−𝑥2 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥√1−𝑥2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 1 = lim𝑥→0
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥 −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 2 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥√1−𝑥 2
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 √1−𝑥2 = 1−0 = 0
𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
−
√1−𝑥2 √1−𝑥2

𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 𝑒0
𝑦=1
1
18) lim𝑥→0 𝑥 ln(𝑒𝑥 −1)
𝑥 −1)
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln(𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛(𝑒 )
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = − ln(𝑒 𝑥 − 1) ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑥
ln(𝑒 𝑥 −1)
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 − 𝑙𝑛−1 𝑥
𝑒𝑥
− 𝑥 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛2 𝑥
𝑒 −1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 −2 = lim𝑥→0
−
𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −1
𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛2𝑥+𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛2𝑥+2𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 𝑙𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑙𝑛2 𝑥 + 2𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑒𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 𝑙𝑛𝑥 (𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 2)
1
19) lim𝑥→∞(𝑥 + 2𝑥 )𝑥
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln(𝑥 + 2𝑥 )𝑥
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥 ln(𝑥 + 2𝑥 )
ln(𝑥+2𝑥 )
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥
1+2𝑥𝑙𝑛2
𝑥+2𝑥 1+2𝑥 𝑙𝑛2
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→∞ = lim𝑥→∞
1 𝑥+2𝑥
hopitall
2𝑥 (𝑙𝑛2)2 2𝑥 (𝑙𝑛2)3𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→∞ 1+2𝑥 𝑙𝑛2 = lim𝑥→∞ = 𝑙𝑛2
2𝑥 (𝑙𝑛2)2
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛2
𝑦=2
1
20) lim𝑥→0 (𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥)𝑙𝑛𝑥
1 1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥 )𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 (ln(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥))
ln(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥)
𝑙𝑛𝑦 =
𝑙𝑛𝑥
1 senx 1
∗(−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥) (− 2 ) x 2 −2x
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 1 = lim𝑥→0 1 = lim𝑥→0 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ 2 = lim𝑥→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
−2
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = −1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = −1
𝑦 = 𝑒 −1
 1 𝑥
21) lim𝑥→0 (1 + 𝑥2 )
1 𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln (1 + 𝑥2 )
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛 (1 + 𝑥2 )
𝑥 2 +1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑥2
ln(𝑥 2 +1)−𝑙𝑛𝑥 2
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥 −1
ln(𝑥 2 +1)−2𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 𝑥 −1
hopitall
2x 2 2𝑥2 −2𝑥2 −2
− 𝑥(𝑥2 +1) 2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 0
𝑥2 +1 𝑥
lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 1 = lim𝑥→0 𝑥(𝑥2 +1) = lim𝑥→0 𝑥2 +1 = lim𝑥→0 2𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 2 = 0
−𝑥 −2 − 2
𝑥

𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 𝑒0
𝑦=1
3
22) lim𝑥→0 (𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 )𝑥2
3
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 )𝑥2
3
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥2 𝑙𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 )
4 ln(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥2
hopitall
1
3( )(−2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥) −3𝑡𝑔2𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0
2𝑥 𝑥
3(2)𝑠𝑒𝑐 22𝑥
lim𝑥→0 − = −6
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = −6
𝑦 = 𝑒 −6
1
23) lim𝑥→0 (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 )𝑥
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln(𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 )𝑥
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑛(𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 )
𝑒𝑥+1
ln(𝑒 𝑥 +𝑥) 𝑒𝑥 +𝑥 𝑒 0 +1
lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 = 𝑒0 +0 = 2
𝑥 1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 2
𝑦 = 𝑒2
𝑡𝑔𝑥−𝑥
24) lim𝑥→0 𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥−1 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑔𝑥 ∗
lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= lim𝑥→0 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥 = 2
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
 ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
25) lim𝑥→𝜋 (𝜋−2𝑥)2
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔𝑥 −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 1
lim𝑥→𝜋 = lim𝑥→𝜋 − 4(𝜋−2𝑥) = lim𝑥→𝜋 − = lim𝑥→𝜋 − = −8
22(𝜋−2𝑥)(−2) 2 2 4(−2) 2 8
𝜃−𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
26) lim𝜃→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛3 𝜃
1 1 3
1− − 1 −
√1−𝜃2 1−(1−𝜃2 ) 2 (1−𝜃2 ) 2 (−2𝜃)
2
lim 𝜃→0 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = lim𝜃→0 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = lim 𝜃→0 6𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃−3𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝜃 =
3 3 5 3 5
− − − − −
𝜃(1−𝜃2 ) 2 −(1−𝜃2 ) 2 −2𝜃2 (1−𝜃2) 2 −(1−02 ) 2 −2(0)2 (1−02) 2 1
lim𝜃→0 − 3𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜃−3𝑠𝑒𝑛3 𝜃 = lim𝜃→0 = lim𝜃→0 = −6
6𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃−9𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜃∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 6𝑐𝑜𝑠2(0)−9𝑠𝑒𝑛20∗𝑐𝑜𝑠0
𝑒 𝑦 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦−2
27) lim𝑦→0 ln(1+𝑦)
𝑒 𝑦 +𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 𝑒 0 +𝑠𝑒𝑛0 1
lim𝑦→0 1 = 1 =1=1
1+𝑦 1+0

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ∅−2𝑡𝑔∅
28) lim∅→𝜋
4 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 44∅
2𝑠𝑒𝑐∅∗𝑠𝑒𝑐∅∗𝑡𝑔∅−2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ∅ 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ∅(𝑡𝑔∅−1) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ∅(𝑡𝑔−1)
lim∅→0 = lim∅→0 = lim∅→0 =
−4𝑠𝑒𝑛4 4∅ −4𝑠𝑒𝑛44∅ −2𝑠𝑒𝑛4∅
2𝑠𝑒𝑐∅∗𝑠𝑒𝑐∅∗𝑡𝑔∅(𝑡𝑔∅−1)+𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ∅∗𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ∅ 4 1
lim∅→0 =8=2
−8𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 ∅
𝑡𝑔𝑦−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
29) lim𝑦→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦−1)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
lim𝑦→0 = lim𝑦→0
𝑠𝑒𝑛3 𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑦
hopitall
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦−1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦∗𝑡𝑔𝑦 ∗ 1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
lim𝑦→0 = lim𝑦→0 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = lim𝑦→0 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑦 = 2
𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑦
2
16−4𝑥3 2 3√4 − 16−32 2
2
−
2
−16 2 2 8
− ∗𝑥 3 − ∗23∗2 3 −
√16𝑥−𝑥 4 −2 3√4𝑥 2√16𝑥−𝑥4 3 2√32−16 3 2(4) 3 −2−
3
−
3
30) lim𝑥→2 = lim𝑥→2 1 = 1 1 = 3 = 3 = 3 =
2−√√2𝑥 3 4 3 −
− √2∗( )𝑥 4
3 −
−24 ∗( )∗2 4 −
4
−
4
−
4
4 4
32
9
1 1 1
√3 −2 1 √3 −2 1 1 1
√3𝑥−√12−𝑥 √3∗𝑥 2 −√12−𝑥 ∗𝑥 + ∗3 + +
2 2√12−𝑥 2 2√12−3 2 6
31) lim𝑥→𝑎 2𝑥−3√19−5𝑥 = lim𝑥→𝑎 2𝑥−3√19−5𝑥 = lim𝑥→3 5 = 5 = 5 =
2+ 2+ 2+
2√19−5𝑥 2√19−15 4
4
6 8
13 = 39
4
𝑥 𝑝 −𝑎𝑝 𝑝∗𝑥 𝑝−1 𝑝 𝑎𝑝−1 𝑝 𝑝
32) lim𝑥→𝑎 𝑥𝑞 −𝑎𝑞 = lim𝑥→𝑎 𝑞∗𝑥𝑞−1 = 𝑞 ∗ 𝑎𝑞−1 = 𝑞 ∗ 𝑎𝑝−1−𝑞+1 = 𝑞 𝑎𝑝−𝑞
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
33) lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 −
𝑥3 3𝑥 2 3𝑥
Hopitall
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1
lim𝑥→0 − =−
3 3
𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
34) lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0
𝑥3 3𝑥 2
 Hopitall hopitall
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1
lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 =6
6𝑥 6
1
ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑚𝑥) ∗cos(𝑚𝑥)∗𝑚 𝑚∗cos(𝑚𝑥)∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑚𝑥)
35) lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 1 = lim𝑥→0 =
ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) ∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑚𝑥)
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
−𝑚2 ∗𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑚𝑥)∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+𝑚∗cos(𝑚𝑥)∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
lim𝑥→0 =1
−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑚𝑥)+𝑚∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥∗cos(𝑚𝑥)
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛( ) − 2∗𝑐𝑜𝑠( ) 𝑎
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
36) lim𝑥→∞ 𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝑥) = lim𝑥→∞ = lim𝑥→∞ 1 = lim𝑥→∞ 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥) = 𝑎
𝑥 −1 − 2
𝑥
1⁄
37) lim𝑥→0 𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 𝑥
1⁄
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln (𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 𝑥)

1⁄
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + ln 𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 ln 𝑥
𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥+𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥
1
𝑙𝑛𝑥+1+ 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥+𝑥+1
𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0
1 𝑥
1
𝑙𝑛𝑥+1+1 𝑥 1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = = =0=∞
1 0
1 1
(𝑙𝑛𝑥)3 3(𝑙𝑛𝑥)2∗ 3 (𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 3 3 1 3 1
𝑥 𝑥
38) lim𝑥→∞ = lim𝑥→∞ = lim𝑥→∞ 2 = 2 lim𝑥→∞ 2𝑥 = 4 𝑥2 = 4 ∞2 = 0
𝑥2 2𝑥 𝑥2
1
𝑥 1 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥−𝑥+1 𝑙𝑛𝑥+𝑥∗ −1 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑥
39) lim𝑥→1 (𝑥−1 − 𝑙𝑛𝑥) = lim𝑥→1 = lim𝑥→1 1 1 = lim𝑥→1 1 =
𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥−𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥+𝑥∗ − 𝑙𝑛𝑥+1−
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑥 1
lim𝑥→1 1 1 =2
+
𝑥 𝑥2
𝑥 𝜋 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝜋 2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝜋
40) lim𝑥→𝜋⁄2 (𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = lim𝑥→𝜋⁄2 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = lim𝑥→𝜋⁄2 ( )=
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝜋⁄2)+2(𝜋⁄2) cos(𝜋⁄2)
lim𝑥→𝜋⁄2 = = −1
−2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 −2𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝜋⁄2)
3
41) lim𝑥→1 𝑥 4+𝑙𝑛𝑥
3
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln (𝑥 4+𝑙𝑛𝑥 ) 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 3
3
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 4+𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒3
3∗𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1
4+𝑙𝑛𝑥
Hopitall
3 3
𝑥 1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 1 = 1 =3
𝑥 1
 1 1
3
1 1 3(1− √𝑥)−2(1−√𝑥) 3−3𝑥 3−2+2𝑥 2
42) lim𝑥→1 (2(1− − 3 ) = lim𝑥→1 1 1 = lim𝑥→1 1 1 5 =
√𝑥) 3(1− √𝑥)
6(1−𝑥 2 )(1−𝑥 3 ) 6(1−𝑥 3 −𝑥 2 +𝑥 6)

2 1 2 1 5 3
1 − 1 − − − 2 − 1 −
−3( )𝑥 3 +2( )𝑥 2 −𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 𝑥 3− 𝑥 2
3 2 3 2
lim𝑥→1 1 − 1 −
2
5 −
1 1 = lim𝑥→1 1 − 1 −
2
5 −
1 1 = lim𝑥→1 1 2 −
5
1 1 −
3
5 1 −
7
6(− 𝑥 3− 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 6) 6(− 𝑥 3− 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 6) 6(− (− )𝑥 3 + ( )𝑥 2 + (− )𝑥 6 )
3 2 6 3 2 6 3 3 2 2 6 6

Remplazando
2 1 1
− 1
3 2 6
2 1 5 = 8+9−5 = 12
6( + − ) 6( )
9 4 36 36

43)
1 1 𝑥 2 −𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 2𝑥−2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
44) lim𝑥→0 ( − ) = lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0 =
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 2𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥+𝑥 2 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 2−2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
lim𝑥→0 2𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥+𝑥2 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+4𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+2𝑥2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 =
2−2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 4𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
lim𝑥→0 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥+4𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+2𝑥2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 4𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+4𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+8𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+4𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−8𝑥2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 =
4𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 8𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 8 1
lim𝑥→0 6𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥+12𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−8𝑥2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 12𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+12𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−24𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥−16𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥−16𝑥2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 24 = 3
𝜋𝑥
45) lim𝑥→1 (1 − 𝑥 )𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝜋𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛(1 − 𝑥 )𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝜋𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∗ 𝑙𝑛(1 − 𝑥 )
2
𝑙𝑛(1−𝑥)
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 𝜋𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐
2

Aplicando hopitall
1
1−𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 𝜋
sec( )∗𝑡𝑔( )∗( )
2 2 2
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 𝜋
(1−𝑥)∗sec( )∗𝑡𝑔( )∗( )
2 2 2
𝜋𝑥
cos( )
2
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 𝜋 𝜋𝑥
( )∗(1−𝑥)∗𝑡𝑔( )
2 2
𝜋𝑥 𝜋
− sen( )∗( )
2 2
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 𝜋 𝜋𝑥 𝜋 𝜋𝑥 𝜋
( )∗(−1)∗𝑡𝑔( )+ ∗(1−𝑥)∗(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 )∗
2 2 2 2 2
𝜋𝑥
sen( )
2
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 − 𝜋𝑥 𝜋 𝜋𝑥
𝑡𝑔( )+ ∗(1−𝑥)∗(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 )
2 2 2
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 𝜋
(1−𝑥)∗sec( )∗𝑠𝑒𝑛( )∗sec( )∗
2 2 2 2
𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 𝜋 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2() 2 cos( )∗(−𝑠𝑒𝑛 )∗ −2 cos( )∗𝑠𝑒𝑛( ) −0
2 2 2 2 2 2
lim𝑥→1 𝜋 𝜋𝑥 = lim 𝑥→1 𝜋(−1)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝜋𝑥 𝜋(1−𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑥 𝜋 = lim𝑥→1 𝜋𝑥 𝜋 𝜋𝑥 = =
(1−𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛( ) )+ ∗ −𝑠𝑒𝑛( )+ (1−𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

0
1
46) lim𝑥→0 (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑥
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑥
 1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑙𝑛(1−𝑥 2 )
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 𝑥
2𝑥
1+𝑥2
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 1
2𝑥 0
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 1+𝑥2 = 1+0 = 0
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 𝑒0
𝑦=1
1
47) lim𝑥→1 𝑥 1−𝑥
1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln (𝑥 1−𝑥 )
𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 1−𝑥
1
𝑥 1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 = − 𝑥 = −1
−1
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = −1
𝑦 = 𝑒 −1
𝜋𝑥
𝜋𝑥 𝑡𝑔 4
48) lim𝑥→1 (𝑡𝑔 4 )
𝜋𝑥
𝜋𝑥 𝑡𝑔 4
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = ln (𝑡𝑔 4 )
𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑡𝑔 ∗ ln (𝑡𝑔 )
4 4
𝜋𝑥
ln(𝑡𝑔 )
4
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 𝜋𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔
4
𝜋𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐2
4 𝜋
𝜋𝑥 ∗ 4
𝑡𝑔
4
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 𝜋𝑥 𝜋
−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ∗
4 4
𝜋𝑥
cos( )
4
𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥
𝑐𝑠𝑐2 ( )∗𝑠𝑒𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑒𝑛( )
4 4 4
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 − 1 = lim𝑥→1 − 𝜋𝑥
𝜋𝑥 cos( )
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 ( ) 4
4
𝜋𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→1 𝑡𝑔 4
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 1
𝑦=𝑒
𝜋(𝑥+1)
49) lim𝑥→0 (𝑥𝑡𝑔 (2 ))
Aplicando hopitall
 2 2
𝑥 1 𝜋 𝜋
lim𝑥→0 𝜋𝑥 𝜋 = lim𝑥→0 𝜋𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 = lim𝑥→0 𝜋𝑥 𝜋 = lim𝑥→0 − 1 =
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔( + ) −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ( + )∗ −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ( + ) 𝜋𝑥 𝜋
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 ( + )
2 2
𝜋𝑥 𝜋
2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 ( + ) 2
2 2
lim𝑥→0 − = −𝜋
𝜋
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1+𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 25𝑥
50) lim𝑥→0 ( )
𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1+𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 25𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = [𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) − 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ]
25𝑥
[𝑙𝑛(1+𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)−𝑙𝑛𝑥]
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 25𝑥(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)−1
Aplicando hopitall
1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1
−
1+𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0
25(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)−1 −25𝑥(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)−2 (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑥+𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−1−𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥(1+𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 25(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)−1 +25𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)−2
𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥(1+𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 25 25𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
+
(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2
𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥(1+𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = lim𝑥→0 25+25𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+25𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2

𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2 (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2 2(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)

lim𝑥→0 25(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) = lim𝑥→0 = lim𝑥→0
𝑥(1+𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 25(𝑥+𝑥 2 −𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 25(1+2𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑥+𝑡𝑔(𝑥−1) 𝜋𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥−1) 𝜋𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋+𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (0)
51) lim𝑥→1 = lim𝑥→1 = lim𝑥→1 = 1−𝜋
𝑥 2 −𝑥 2𝑥−1 2−1
1−𝑡𝑔𝑥
52) lim𝑥→𝜋 (1 − 𝑡𝑔𝑥 )𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝑥 = lim𝑥→𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
4 4

Aplicando hopitall
2
−𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 −(√2)
lim 𝑥→
𝜋 = 𝜋 = −1
4 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2( )
4
8 2
53) lim𝑥→2 [𝑥2 −12 − 𝑥−6]
Remplazando
8 2
− 4−6 = −1 − (−1) = 0
4−12
Aplicando hopitall
8−4𝑥
lim𝑥→2 3𝑥 2 −12𝑥−12
1 𝑥+1 1−𝑥−1 −𝑥
54) lim𝑥→0 [ln(𝑥+1) − ln(𝑥+1)] = lim𝑥→0 [ln(𝑥+1)] = lim𝑥→0 [ln(𝑥+1)]
Aplicando hopitall
−1
lim𝑥→0 1 = −1
𝑥+1
1 𝑥+𝜋
55) lim𝑥→−𝜋 2 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
 Aplicando hopitall
1 1 1 1 1
lim𝑥→−𝜋 2 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 2 ∗ cos(−𝜋) = − 2
𝜋∅ (𝑎2 −∅2)
56) lim∅→𝑎 (𝑎2 − ∅2 )𝑡𝑔 (2𝑎 ) = lim∅→𝑎 𝜋∅
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔( )
2𝑎

Aplicando hopitall
−2∅ −2𝑎 4𝑎2
lim∅→𝑎 𝜋∅ 𝜋 = 1 𝜋 =
−𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 ( )∗ − 2 𝜋∗ 𝜋
2𝑎 2𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( ) 2𝑎
2
𝜋 𝜋 𝑒 𝜋𝑥 +1−2 𝜋𝑒 𝜋𝑥
57) lim𝑥→0 [4𝑥 − 2𝑥(𝑒𝜋𝑥 +1)] = lim𝑥→0 𝜋 [4𝑥(𝑒𝜋𝑥 +1)] = lim𝑥→0 𝜋 [4(𝑒𝜋𝑥 +1)+4𝑥𝜋𝑒𝜋𝑥 ] =
𝜋𝑒 0 𝜋2
𝜋 4(𝑒0 +1)+0 = 4
1 1 𝑡𝑔𝑥−𝑥 2
58) lim𝑥→0 [𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑡𝑔𝑥] = lim𝑥→0 [ 𝑥2 𝑡𝑔𝑥 ]
Aplicando hopitall
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥−2𝑥
lim𝑥→0 𝜋 [2𝑥𝑡𝑔𝑥+𝑥2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥]
Aplicando hopitall
2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥∗𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥∗𝑡𝑔𝑥−2 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥∗𝑡𝑔𝑥−2
lim𝑥→0 2𝑡𝑔𝑥+2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥+2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥+2𝑥2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥∗𝑡𝑔𝑥 = lim𝑥→0 2𝑡𝑔𝑥+2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥+2𝑥2 𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑥∗𝑡𝑔𝑥
Aplicando las derivadas
- Recta tangente y normal Recta normal
Si 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
Recta tangente
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒

𝑌 − 𝑌0 = 𝑓 ′(𝑥 )(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )

Normal
x
1
𝑌 − 𝑌0 = − 𝑓′ (𝑥) (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )

1. a) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 1
𝜋
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥 𝑦= 4
𝜋
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔(1) = 𝑥=1
4
Tangente: 𝑌 − 𝑌0 = 𝑓 ′(𝑥 )(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝜋 1
𝑌 − 4 = 2 (𝑥 − 1)
1
Normal: 𝑌 − 𝑌0 = − 𝑓′ (𝑥) (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝜋
𝑌 − 4 = −2(𝑥 − 1)
b) 𝑦 = (𝑥 3 + 2)2 (−1,1)
′ 3 2
𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 2) ∗ 3𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 6𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 + 2) 𝑥 = −1
′ 2 3
𝑦 = 6(−1) (𝑥 + 2) = 6
𝑦 − 1 = 6(𝑥 + 1) Tangente
1
𝑦 − 1 = − 6 (𝑥 + 1) Normal
8
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥2 +4 = 8(𝑥 2 + 4)−1 (2,1)
16𝑥 16(2) 32
𝑦 ′ = −8(𝑥 2 + 4)−2 (2𝑥 ) = − 𝑥2 +4 = − 22 +4 = − 8
′
𝑦 = −4 𝑥0 = 2 𝑦0 = 1
𝑌 − 𝑌0 = 𝑦 ′(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝑌 − 1 = −4(𝑥 − 2)
1
𝑌 − 𝑌0 = − 𝑦′ (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
1
𝑌 − 1 = − 4 (𝑥 − 2)
3. 𝑥 5 + 𝑦 5 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 0 (1,1) 𝑥0 = 1
𝑦0 = 1
 Derivando
5𝑥 4 + 5𝑥 4 ∗ 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 − 2𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 ′ = 0
(5𝑦 4 − 2𝑥 ) ∗ 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑦 − 5𝑥 4
2𝑦−5𝑥 4
𝑦 ′ = 5𝑦4 −2𝑥
2−5 −3
Para 𝑥0 = 1 𝑦 ′ = 5−2 ∗ = −1
3
𝑦0 = 1
𝑌 − 𝑌0 = 𝑦 ′(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝑌 − 1 = −1(𝑥 − 1)
𝑌 − 1 = −𝑥 + 1
𝑥+𝑦−2= 0
1
4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 𝑙: 𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 8 = 0 𝑚 = −8
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 Ecuación buscada
1
𝑦 = −8𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 − 4
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 − 4
1
𝑚 = − 𝑦′ Recta normal
1 1
− 8 = − 3𝑥2 −4
3𝑥 2 − 4 = 8
𝑥2 = 4
𝑥 = ±2
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥
𝑦 = 8−8 = 0
𝑦 = −8 + 8 = 0
1
𝑌 − 𝑌0 = − (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝑦′
1
𝑌 = − 8 (𝑥 − 2)
1
𝑌 = − 8 (𝑥 + 2)
5. 𝑦′ = 1
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 18 = 0 (2)
Derivando
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 ∗ 𝑦 ′ − 10 + 2𝑦 ′ = 0
(𝑦 + 1)𝑦 ′ = 5 − 𝑥
5−𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 𝑦+1
𝑦+1=5−𝑥
𝑦 = 4−𝑥 (1)
 (1) En (2)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 18 = 0
𝑥 2 + (4 − 𝑥 )2 − 10𝑥 + 2(4 − 𝑥 ) + 18 = 0
𝑥 2 + 16 − 8𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 8 − 2𝑥 + 18 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 42 = 0
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 21 = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 7) = 0
𝑥0 = 3 𝑥0 = 7
𝑦 = 4−𝑥
𝑦0 = 1 𝑦0 = −3
𝑌 − 𝑌0 = 𝑦 ′(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) 𝑌 − 𝑌0 = 𝑦 ′(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝑌 − 1 = 1(𝑥 − 3) 𝑌 + 3 = 1(𝑥 − 7)
𝑌−1=𝑥−3 𝑌+3=𝑥−7
𝑥−𝑦−2= 0 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 10 = 0
1
6. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 1
3
𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1
a) 𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 1 b) 𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 1
1 = 𝑥2 − 1 1 = 𝑥2 − 1
𝑥2 = 2 𝑥2 = 2
𝑥 = ±√2 𝑥 = ±√2

8𝑎3
7. 𝑦= = 8𝑎3 (4𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 )−1
4𝑎2 +𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = −8𝑎3 (4𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 )−2 (2𝑥)
16𝑎3 𝑥
𝑦′ = −
(4𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 )2
8𝑎3
𝑦= 𝑥 = 2𝑎 𝑥0 = 2𝑎
4𝑎2 +𝑥 2
8𝑎3 8𝑎3
𝑦= = =𝑎 𝑦0 = 𝑎
4𝑎2 +4𝑎2 8𝑎2
16𝑎3 (2𝑎) 32𝑎4 1
𝑦′ = − = − =−
(4𝑎2 + 4𝑎2 )2 8𝑎 4 2
Tangente Normal
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) 1
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = − (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
1 𝑦
𝑦 − 𝑎 = − (𝑥 − 2𝑎)
2 𝑦 − 𝑎 = 2(𝑥 − 2𝑎)
2𝑦 − 2𝑎 = −𝑥 + 2𝑎 𝑦 − 𝑎 = 2𝑥 − 4𝑎
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑎 = 0 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 3𝑎 = 0

8. 𝑦 2 = 20𝑥
𝛼 = 45° Derivando la función
𝑚 = 𝑡𝑔45 2𝑦 ∗ 𝑦 ′ = 20
 10
𝑦′ =
𝑚=1 𝑦
𝑦′ = 1 Como 𝑦 ′ = 1
10
1=
𝑦
𝑦 = 10

𝑦 2 = 20𝑥 Solución
102 = 20𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝑥=5 𝑦 − 10 = 1(𝑥 − 5)
𝑥−𝑦+5=0
9. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑦 = 2𝑥 (2,4)
′
1) Derivando f (x) = 2𝑥 + 𝑎
𝑚=2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2
En el punto (2,4)
2 = 2𝑥 + 𝑎
𝑎 = −2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
4 = 22 − 2(2) + 𝑏
𝑏=4
10. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 P(1,2) punto de intersección
3
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑐
Remplazando 𝑥 = 1 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
2 = 12 + 𝑎(1) + 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏=1 (1)
2 = 13 − 𝑐 𝑐 = −1
Misma pendiente
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑔′ (𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 2𝑥 + 𝑎 = 3𝑥 2
𝑥=1
2+𝑎 =3
𝑎=1 Remplazando en (1)
𝑏=0
11. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑝𝑥 en (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) 2
𝑦0 = 4𝑝𝑥0
Derivando
2𝑦 ∗ 𝑦 ′ = 4𝑝
4𝑝
𝑦′ =
2𝑦
4𝑝
En (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) 𝑦′ =
2𝑦0
 2𝑝
𝑦′ =
𝑦0
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
2𝑝
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝑦0
𝑦 ∗ 𝑦0 − 𝑦0 2 = 2𝑝𝑥 − 2𝑝𝑥0
𝑦0 ∗ 𝑦 − 4𝑝𝑥0 = 2𝑝𝑥 − 2𝑝𝑥0
𝑦0 ∗ 𝑦 = 2𝑝(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
12. 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2 (1)
Derivando
2𝑏 2 𝑥 + 2𝑎2 𝑦 ∗ 𝑦 ′ = 0
𝑏2𝑥
𝑦′ = − 2
𝑎 𝑦
𝑏 2 𝑥0
𝑚=− 2
𝑎 𝑦0
𝑏2 𝑥0
𝑦0 = − (2)
𝑎2 𝑚
(2) En (1)
𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 + 𝑎2 𝑦0 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
2
𝑏 2 𝑥0
𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 + 𝑎2 (− ) = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
𝑎2 𝑚
𝑏 4 𝑥0 2
𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 + = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
𝑎 2 𝑚2
𝑎2 𝑚2 𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 + 𝑏 4 𝑥0 2 = 𝑎4 𝑚2 𝑏 2
𝑎2 𝑚2 𝑥0 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 = 𝑎4 𝑚2

𝑎 4 𝑚2
𝑥0 2 = ±√ 2 2
𝑎 𝑚 + 𝑏2
𝑎 4 𝑚2
𝑥0 = ± (3)
𝑎2 𝑚2 +𝑏2
𝑏2
𝑦0 = ± (4)
√𝑎2 𝑚2 +𝑏2
La ecuación de la recta tangente es
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 − 𝑚𝑥0 + 𝑦0
𝑎2 𝑚
Si 𝑥=
√𝑎2 𝑚2 +𝑏2
𝑏2
𝑦=−
√𝑎2 𝑚2 +𝑏2
Sustituyendo (3) y (4) en (5)
(−𝑎2 𝑚) 𝑏2
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 − 𝑚 +
√𝑎2 𝑚2 +𝑏2 √𝑎2 𝑚2 +𝑏2
𝑎 2 𝑚2 𝑏 2
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ±
√𝑎2 𝑚2 +𝑏2
13.
a) 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
Derivando
2𝑏 2 𝑥 − 2𝑎2 𝑦 ∗ 𝑦 ′ = 0
′
𝑏2𝑥
𝑦 = 2
𝑎 𝑦
𝑏 2 𝑥0
𝑚= en (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 )
𝑎2 𝑦0
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝑏 2 𝑥0
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝑎2 𝑦0
𝑎2 𝑦0 𝑦 − 𝑎2 𝑦0 2 = 𝑏 2 𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑏 2 𝑥0 2
𝑏 2 𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑎2 𝑦0 2 = 𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 − 𝑎2 𝑦0 𝑦
Como 𝑥0 , 𝑦0 € a la curva
𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 − 𝑎2 𝑦0 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
𝑏 2 𝑥0 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦0 𝑦 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2

b) De la anterior derivada
𝑏 2 𝑥0
𝑚=
𝑎2 𝑦0
𝑏 2 𝑥0
𝑦0 =
𝑎2 𝑚

Como 𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 − 𝑎2 𝑦0 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
2
𝑏 2 𝑥0
𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 − 𝑎2 ( ) = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
𝑎2 𝑚
𝑏 4 𝑥0 2
𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 − = 𝑎2 𝑏 2 /𝑏 2
𝑎 2 𝑚2
𝑎2 𝑚2 𝑥0 2 − 𝑏 2 𝑥0 2 = 𝑎 4 𝑚2
𝑎2 𝑚
𝑥0 = ±
√𝑎2 𝑚2 −𝑏2
𝑏2
𝑦0 = ±
√𝑎2 𝑚2 −𝑏2
La ecuación es 𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 − 𝑚𝑥0 + 𝑦0
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 − (𝑚𝑥0 − 𝑦0 )
𝑎 2 𝑚2 𝑏2
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± ( − )
√𝑎2 𝑚2 −𝑏2 √𝑎2 𝑚2 −𝑏2
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎2 𝑚2 − 𝑏 2