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LOS NIC S- SU ANALISIS

ANALISIS DE LAS NORMAS


CONTABLES
NIC 1: PRESENTACION DE EESTADOS FINANCIEROS
NORMALIZACION CONTABLE INTERNACIONAL Y
NACIONAL

El proceso
proceso de la economía
economía dede libre
libre mercado,
mercado, en un contexto
contexto globaliz
globalizado
ado
,exige que los métodos y practicas contables y practicas contables a nivel
internacional sean uniformes a fin de permitir la comparabilidad de los
estados
estados fina
financi
nciero
eross de las empre
empresas
sas de difere
diferente
ntess países
países,, tomand
tomandoo en
cuenta el entorno socio- económico de cada país.

En ese propósito de homogenizar las normas contables a nivel nacional


mundia
mundial,l, se esta
esta uti
utiliz
lizand
andoo en la comuni
comunidad
dad contable
contable interna
internacio
cional
nal las
denominadas
denominadas Normas
Normas Internacion
Internacionales
ales de Información
Información Financier
Financieraa (NIIF)
antes NIC · S.S. Que en lala actualidad
actualidad en
en el Perú
Perú 41 Normas
Normas contables
contables han
han
sido oficializadas por el Consejo Normativo de Contabilidad.

Debemos aceptar, por lo tanto; que en esta época de globalización, para que
las transacciones entre los los diversos agentes económicos, efectuadas en
cualquier
cualquier país
país y que
que dan como
como result
resultado
ado los estados
estados financie
financieros
ros puedan
ser comprendidos en el Perú
Perú viceversa, que las transacciones contables y
la respectiva información financiera realizadas por las empresas peruanas
sean igualmente universal;
universal; cometido que se esta
esta logrando con la aplicación
aplicación
de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera antes Normas
Internacionales de Contabilidad NIC.

NORMATIVIDAD CONTABLE EN EL PERU

- Norm
Normasas Inte
Intern
rnac
acio
iona
nale
less de Info
Inform
rmac
ació
iónn Fina
Financ
ncie
iera
ra (NII
(NIIF)
F) ante
antess
 NIC· S.
- Reglam
Reglamententoo de Inform
Informaciación
ón Fina
Financi
nciera
era-- CONA
CONASE SEVV
- Pl
Plan
an Cont
Contabable
le Gene
Generarall Revi
Revisa
sado
do
- Princip
ncipiios de Cont
Contababil
ilid
idad
ad apl
aplicad
icados
os en loslos Esta
Estado
doss Unido
nidoss de
 Norteamérica (USGAAP).
- Fin
Finalm
alment
entee es necesa
necesario
rio preci
precisar
sar que
que mediant
mediantee la Resoluc
Resoluciónión Nº
Nº 031-
2004-EF/93.01 de 11 de Mayo del 2004, el Consejo Normativo de
Cont
Contab
abil
ilid
idad
ad,, disp
dispus
usoo susp
suspen
ender
der a part
partirir del
del ejer
ejerci
cici
cioo 20
2005
05,, la
aplicación del ajuste integral de los Estados Financieros por efecto
de inflación cuya metodología fue aprobada por la Resolución del
Consejo Normativo de Contabilidad Nª 002-90-EF/93.01 y Nº 003-
93-EF/93.01.
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INSTITUCIONES VINCULADAS CON LA PROFESION


CONTABLE EN EL PERU

ESTRUCTURA DEL CONSEJO NORMATIVO DE CONTABILIDAD

CONSEJO
 NORMATIVO DE
CONTABILIDAD

ENTIDADES PÚBLICAS
Y PRIVADAS
(CONTADORES
PUBLICOS)

ESTUDIO ANALISIS OFICIALIZACION


OFICIALIZACION LAS
EMISION DE NIEF
NORMAS (ANTES NIC ·S)
(CONTABLES)
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¿Qué es el Com omiité de Normas Internacional


nales de Contabilidad
(Internacional Accounting Standard-IASC)?
Standard-IASC)?

Es una Institución Profesional Contable que se formo el 29 de Junio de


1973, en la ciudad de Londres, como resultado de un acuerdo entre las
organizaciones de la profesión contable de Alemania, Austria, Canadá,
Holanda, Irlanda, Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, Francia, Japón, México
y el Reino Unido. Un acuerdo y Constitución modificados se firmaron en
novi
no viem
embr
bree de 19
1982.
82. Las Acti
Activi
vida
dade
dess del
del IASC
IASC son diridirigi
gida
dass po
porr un
Director
Director que incluye
incluye represent
representantes
antes de hasta trece
trece países y hasta cuatro
cuatro
orga
organi
niza
zaci
cion
ones
es qu
quee tien
tienen
en inte
interés
rés en la prese
present
ntac
ació
iónn de info
inform
rmac
ació
iónn
financiera.

¿Qué se entiende
entiende por Normas
Normas Internacion
Internacionales
ales de Contabilid
Contabilidad
ad y como es
su aplicación?

Las
Las Norm
Normasas Inte
Intern
rnac
acio
iona
nale
less de Cont
Contab
abil
ilid
idad
ad,, vie
viene
nenn a ser
ser los
los
lineamientos que le permiten al Contador Publico elaborar los estados
financieros de acuerdo a los Principios de Contabilidad Generalmente
Aceptados y que la aplicación de estos principios contables sea apropiada,
equilibrada y comparable internacionalmente.

Las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad nos van a indicar que los


estados Financieros estén correctamente elaborados y presentados.
p resentados.

La profesión contable cumple un rol importe en la gestión empresarial en


vista de que los estados financieros son instrumentos que proporcionan
información sobre la situación financiera, económica y cambios en la
situación financiera de una entidad.

Los estados financieros son utilizados por diversos usuarios como por 
ejem
ejempl
plo:
o: Inve
Invers
rsio
ioni
nist
stas
as,, acre
acreed
edor
ores,
es, prov
provee
eedo
dore
res,
s, trab
trabaj
ajad
ador
ores
es y la
administración tributaria, entre otros.

Los estados financieros, al expresare aspectos financieros y económicos de


tanto interés, tienen que cumplir determinadas características cualitativas,
ya que estos son los atributos que los hacen útiles para la diferente gama de
usuarios. Entre las principales características cualitativas tenemos:
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Aplicabilidad.- La cual consiste en que los estados financieros tienen que


ser aplicables a las necesidades de los usuarios independientemente de la
actividad económica que ellos desarrollan, con el propósito que sirven para
la toma de dediciones.

Confiabilidad.- Esta característica se refiere a que los estados financieros


estén libres de errores y desviaciones materiales. Los errores materiales
 producen un impacto significativo que distorsionan la situación financiera y
económica
económica de una entidad,
entidad, es por eso que un error
error que no sea materi
material
al no
 producirá un efecto en la información financiera y económica presentada.

Comparatividad.- Los estados financieros tienen que ser comparados con


los periodos o años del ejercicio anterior, para que ellos sirvan de análisis y
evalua
evaluació
ciónn de los result
resultado
adoss alcanz
alcanzado
ados.
s. En ese sentid
sentido,
o, las pol
políti
íticas
cas
contables adoptadas deben aplicarse uniformemente.

La Información contable relacionada al aspecto fiscal, cumple, un rol


decisivo para la economía de un país ya que es la fuente que permite
visualizar
visualizar las transacc
transacciones
iones comercia
comerciales
les que con llevan al nacimiento
nacimiento de
hechos imponibles en materia tributaria.. En ese sentido, al no existir 
información contable que verificar por parte de las autoridades fiscales no
se podría
podría fiscalizar
fiscalizar a los contribuy
contribuyentes
entes ni generarse
generarse adecuadame
adecuadamente
nte el
cobro de los tributos. Los ingresos tributarios son la principal fuente de
financiamiento de las actividades estatales.

Vigencia.-
igencia.- Esta norma
norma modifica
modifica de fecha diciembre
diciembre 2003, rige para
para los
estados financieros que comiencen el 1 de enero de 2006 y optativamente
 para el año 2005. Esta forma ha sido oficializada por el Consejo Normativo
de Contabilidad mediante Resolución Nº 034-2005-EF/93.01 de fecha 02
de marzo de 2005.
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REGLAMENTO DE
INFORMACION
FIANACIERA DE LA
COMISION NACIONAL
SUPERVISORA DE
EMPRESAS Y
VALORES (CONASEV)

RESOLUCION Nº 103-99-
EF/94.01
(24-11-199)
Art... Nº 2 Del Reglamento

PRINCIPIOS DE CONTABILIDAD
GENERALMENTE ACEPTADOS

“Los Estados Financieros deben ser preparados y presentados


De acuerdo con los Principios de Contabilidad Generalmente.
Aceptaos que corresponden a las Normas internacionales de
Contabilidades oficializadas y vigentes en el Perú.

El Reglamento de Información Financiera no sustituye la


Doctrina contable y su aplicación debe ser comprendida en
el Contexto de las NIEF y su Marco Conceptual.
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OTRA NORMATIVIDAD

CONSEJO NORMATIVO DE
CONTABILIDAD
(CNC)

RESOLUCION Nº 008-97-EF93.01
23-01-1997

RESPONSABILIDAD
RESPONSABILIDAD APLICABLE AL: DIRECTORIO, GERENCIA,
CONTADOR PÚBLICO, RESPONSABILIDAD CIVIL

ARTICULO
ARTICULO 1380º DOLO.- Procede con dolo quien deliberadamente no
ejecuta la obligación.
obligación. “por lo que queda sujeto a indemnización de daños y
 perjuicios, que comprenden tanto al daño emergente
e mergente como el lucro cesante,
en cuanto sean consecuencia inmediata,
in mediata, y directa de tal ejecución”.

ARTICULO 1319ª CULPA INEXCUSABLE


Incurre en culpa inexcusable quien por negligencia grave no ejecute la
obligación. “si la demanda se hubiera comprometido a actuar en nombre de
la demante a fin de gestionar y realizar todos los actos necesarios para
obtener un fin especifico, pero no hubiera efectuado
e fectuado las gestiones
suficientes para lograr el referido objetivo trazado por ambas partes
contratantes, la demandada ha incurrido en negligencia, la misma que
acarrea responsabilidad civil.

ARTICULO 1320ª CULPA CULPA LEVE


“Actúa con culpa leve , quien omite aquella diligencia ordinaria exigida por 
la naturaleza de la obligación y que corresponde a las circunstancias de las
 personas del tiempo y del lugar.”

ARTI
ARTICU
CULO
LO 1321
1321ªª RESP
RESPON
ONSA
SABI
BILI
LIDA
DAD
D POR CAUSAS
CAUSAS QUE
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Queda sujeto a la indemnización de daños y perjuicios quien no ejecute sus


obligaciones por dolo, culpa inexcusable o culpa leve”
El resarcimiento por la ejecución de la obligación por su cumplimiento
 parcial, tardío o defectuoso comprende tanto daño emergente como el lucro
cesa
cesant
ntee en cuan
cuando
do sean
ean cons
consececue
uenc
nciias inm
inmedi
ediata
ata y dirdirect
ecta de tal
inejecución. Si la inejucion o el incumplimiento parcial, tardío o defectuoso
de la obligación obedecieran a culpa leve, él resarcimiento se limita al daño
que podría preverse al tiempo en que ella fue contraída.

“La
“La resp
respon
onsa
sabi
bili
lida
dadd cont
contra
ract
ctua
uall se deri
deriva
va del
del incum
incumpl
plim
imie
ient
ntoo de la
obligación (dar, hacer, no hacen,) por lo que el acreedor puede exigir el
cumplimiento de la obligación y de la indminizacion correspondiente”.

CULPA INEXCUSABLE

El Contador Publico en ejercicio profesional de la función independiente


cuan
cuando
do prep
prepar
araa y pres
presen
enta
ta los
los EE.
EE. FF. Debe
Debe ob
obse
serv
rvar
ar bajo
bajo estr
estric
icta
ta
responsabilidad la correcta aplicación:

-PCGA
-NIEEF
EEF (ANT
(ANTE ES NIC·
IC·S)
-Norm
Normasas Lega
Legaleless pert
pertin
inen
ente
tess
-Ley
Ley Gene
Genera
rall de So
Soci
cied
edad
ades
es
-Ley
Ley de Títu
Títuloloss y Valor
alores
es
-Norm
Normasas Tribu
butatarrias
-Normas LaLaborales
-El Códi
Código
go de Étic
Éticaa Prof
Profes
esio
iona
nall
En el caso
aso que el Contador Publico no cum umppla; incum
umpple en el
comportamiento de culpa inexcusable referido en el Código Civil. Según:

ARTIC
ARTICULO
ULO 1762ª
1762ª RESPON
RESPONSAB
SABILI
ILIDAD
DAD POR PREST
PRESTACI
ACION
ON DE
SERVICIOS
SERVICIOS PROFESIONALES O TECNICOS.
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FRAUDE EN LA ADMINISTRACION
ADMINISTRACION DE PERSONAS JURIDICAS
RESPONSABILIDAD PENAL
ARTICULO 198ª:
Establece
Establece pena privativa
privativa de libertad
libertad no menor de uno ni mayor de cuatro
cuatro
años al que, en su condición de fundador, miembro del Directorio, Gerente,
Administrador o liquidador de una persona Jurídica, realizar en perjuicio de
ella o de terceros, entre otros actos , el ocultar a los accionistas, socios
,asociados o terceros interesados, La verdadera situación de la persona
Jurídica, falseando los balances generales, reflejando u omitiendo en los
mismos beneficios o perdidas o usando cualquier artificio que suponga
aumento o disminución de la partida contable.

ARTICULO Nº 199ª
El qu
que,
e, con
con la final
inaliidad
dad de ob
obttener
ener vent
ventaj
ajas
as inde
indebi
bida
das,
s, manti
antien
enee
contabilidad paralela distinta a la exigida por la Ley, será reprimido con
 pena privativa de libertad no mayor de n año y con 60 a 90 días – multa.

PREPARACION Y PRESENTACION DE ESTADOS FINANCIEROS

MARCO CONCEPTUAL

Muchas empresas en el mundo presentan estados financieros que son


utilizados por diversos tipos de usuarios externos. A pesar de que dichos
estados se parecen en su presentación de un país a otro. Existen diferencias
que probablemente han sido originados por tratamientos que siguieron a
circunstancias de índole. Económica y legal.

Estas diferentes circunstancias han formado una diversidad de definiciones


De elementos de estados financieros: Activo,
Activo, pasivo y Patrimonio, ingresos
y gas
gastos
tos. Así
Así mism
ismo, han
han dado
dado lug
ugar
ar a crit
criter
erio
ioss var
variados
ados para
para su
reconocimiento de dichos rubros.
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  NIC Nº 01 PRESENTACION DE ESTADOS FINANCIEROS

1.-OBJETIVO:
1.-OBJETIVO: EstaEstabl
blec
ecer
er las
las base
basess para
para la prese
present
ntac
ació
iónn de Estados
Estados
financieros para propósitos generales, a fin de asegurar la comparabilidad
entr
entree los
los esta
estados
dos fina
financi
ncier
eros
os de dife
difere
rent
ntes
es peri
period
odos
os de ununaa Mism
Mismaa
empresa, así como entre los estados financieros de diferentes empresas.

OBJETIVOS DE LOS ESTADOS FINANCIEROS


Proporcionar razonablemente información de una empresa sobre:
-La Situación Financiera
-Las Variaciones en la Estructura patrimonial
-La
-La Gere
Gerenci
nciaa y apli
aplica
caci
ción
ón de fluj
flujos
os de Efec
Efecti
tivo
vo,, po
porr acti
activi
vida
dade
dess de
operación, Inversión y Financiamiento.

¿Qué son Estados Financieros?

Son aquellos estados contables que proveen información respecto a la


situación
situación financier
financiera,
a, resultados
resultados de las operaciones
operaciones y estado
estado de flujos de
efec
efecti
tivo
vo de un
unaa empr
empres
esaa qu
quee es útil
útil para
para los usuar
usuario
ioss en la toma
toma de
decisiones.

Para completar la información proporcionada se requiere presentar las


 Notas explicativas a los estados financieros.
financieros.

CAR
CARACTE
ACTERI
RIST
STIICAS
CAS CAULI
AULIT
TATIV
TIVAS DE LOS
LOS EST
ESTADO
ADOS
FINANCIEROS

SON atributos que hacen que la información


Contenida en los Estados Financieros
Sea útil para los usuarios
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CUALIDADES CONFIABILIDAD

COMPARATIVILIDAD

CARATERISTICAS CAULITATIVAS DE LOS ESTADOS


FINANCIEROS

CLARIDAD.-
CLARIDAD.- Que se a comprensible para quienes utilizan información

APLICABILIDAD
APLICABILID AD (RELEVANCIA).-
(RELEVANCIA).- La información
informac ión para sea útil debe
ser aplicable a las necesidades de los usuarios para la toma de disecciones.

La transparencia de la información general confianza a los usuarios


Debido a que estos se encuentran libres de errores importantes

COMPARATIBILIDAD

Los Estados Financieros comparativos permiten a los usuarios establecer 


tendencias de la situación Financiera y resultados.

Los Estados fían cierzos son preparados por la empresa y su uso compete a
los
los acci
accioni
onist
stas
as o soci
socios
os,, acre
acreed
edor
ores
es,, enti
entida
dades
des fina
financ
ncie
iera
ras,
s, clie
client
ntes
es
inversionistas, SUNAT, CONASEV y publico interesado en conocer la
situación empresarial.

Los Estados Financieros son el producto de procesamiento y análisis de


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3.-PROPOS
3.-PROPOSITO ITO DE LOS ESTADOS
ESTADOS FINANCIER
FINANCIEROS: OS: Los Estados
Estados
Financieros constituyen una representación financiera estructurada, de la
situación financiera y de las transacciones efectuadas por una empresa.
e mpresa.
- El objetivo de los estados financieros para propósitos generales es
  pro
propo
porc
rcio
iona
narr, de la info
inform
rmac
ació
iónn sobr
sobree la situ
situac
acióiónn fina
financi
ncier
era,
a,
resultado de las operaciones y los flujos de efectivo de una empresa,
la cual es útil
útil para
para una amplia
amplia gama de usuari
usuarios
os en toma de sus
decisiones económicas.
- PaPara
ra alcan
alcanza
zarr su objet
objetiv
ivo,
o, los esta
estado
doss fina
financ
ncie
iero
ross prop
propor
orci
cion
onan
an
información de la empresa respecto a sus:
a).- Activos
b).- Pasivos
c).- Patrimonio neto
d).-Ingresos y Gastos, incluyendo ganancias y perdidas, y
e).- Flujos de Efectivo.

ELEMENTO RELACIONADOS CON LA MEDICION E


INFORMACION QUER PROPORCIONAN LOS ESTADOS
FIANCIEROS

.Situación Financiera Balance General Activo, Pasivo y


Patrimonio Neto

. Resu
Result
ltad
adoo del
del Ejer
Ejerci
cici
cioo Esta
Estado
do de Gana
Gananc
ncia
iass Ingr
Ingres
esos
os,, cost
costos
os
y perdidas y Gastos

.Var
.Varia
iaci
cion
ones
es en el Esta
Estado
do de Camb
Cambio
ioss Capi
Capita
tal,
l, Rese
Reserv
rvas
as
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4.-RESPONSABILIDAD SOBRE LOS ESTADOS FIANCIEROS

El directori
directorioo y/u otros cuerpos
cuerpos directivos
directivos de la empresa
empresa y /o depende de
que empres
empresaa de formac
formación
ión tiene
tiene por ejemplo
ejemplo si es una S.A.A
S.A.A.. será el
Directorio, y en una S.R.L., será la Gerencia, son responsables de la
 preparación y presentación de sus estados financieros.

5.-COMPONENTES DE LOS ESTADOS FIANCIEROS

Un conjunto completo y/u de Estados


Estados Financieros
Financieros incluye lo siguiente:
siguiente:
a).- Balance general
 b).-Estado de Ganancias y Pérdidas
c).- Estado de Cambios en el Patrimonio Neto
d).- Estado de Flujos en Efectivo
e).-Notas sobre las Políticas contables y otras revelaciones

COMPONENTES DE LOS ESTADOS FIANCIEROS


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De estados  Neto
Financieros incluye

Estado de Flujos de
Efectivo Notas sobre
política
Contables y otras

CLASIFICACION DE LOS ESTADOS FINANCIEROS

Según el Reglamento de Información Financiera,


Financiera, aprobado con la
Resolución CONASEV Nº 103-99-EF/94-01; los estados
estados financieros
financieros se
se
clasifican en:

a).- Estados Financieros de propósito General.- Son aquellos que se


 preparan al cierre de un periodo y están constituidos por los Estados
financieros consolidados y los estados financieros intermedios y Anuales.
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de Contabilidad , a menos que ellos cumplan con todos los requerimientos


requerimientos
délas Norman y de cada interpretación aplicable emitidas estas ultimas
ultimas por 
El Comité
Comité Pe Perma
rmanen
nente
te de Interp
Interpret
retaci
aciones
ones.. Los tratam
tratamien
ientos
tos contab
contables
les
incorrectos no quedan rectificados por el hecho de ser revelados en las
 Notas de las Políticas contables o en otras. No se adjunta información
explicativa.
7.-POLITI
7.-POLITICASCAS CONTABLES
CONTABLES.- .- La gerencia de la empresa debe
seleccionar y aplicar sus políticas contables, de modo que sus estados
fina
financ
ncie
ierros cum
cumpla
pla con
con tod
odos
os los
los reque
equerrim
imiient
entos de cada
cada Norm
Normaa
Internacional de Contabilidad aplicable y con las interpretaciones emitidas
 por el Comité permanente de interpretación.

De no haber requerimiento específico, la gerencia debe desarrollar las


 políticas necesarias para asegurar que los estados fina cierzos proporcionen
información que sea:
a).- Relevante a las necesidades de los usuarios para las decisiones
 b).- Confiable en cuanto ellos
c).- Presente la manera fidedigna, los resultados y la situación financiera de
la empresa.
d).- Reflejar la esencia económica de los hechos y transacciones y no sea su
Forma legal
e).- Sean neutrales, es decir libre de predisposiciones
f).- Sean prudentes
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7.3.-UNIFORMIDAD EN LA PRESENTACION:PRESENTACION: Debe mantenerse la


  presentación y clasificación departida en los estados financieros de un
ejercicios al siguiente, salvo que.

a).- El cambio resultante de una variación significativa en la naturaleza de


las operac
operacion
iones
es de la empres
empresaa o una revisión
revisión de la presen
presentac
tación
ión de sus
estados financieros, demuestre que dará lugar a una presentación mas
apropiada de lo hechos o transiciones.

 b).-El cambio de presentación sea


sea requerido por una Norma Internacional
de Contabilidad o una Interpretación del Comité Permanente de
Interpretaciones

7.3.1. FORMAS DE PRESENTACION DE LOS ESTADOS


FIANCIEROS

a).- DE ACUERDO A LOS REQUIRIMIENTOS DEL Plan Contable


General revisado (PCGR) aprobado mediante Resolución
Re solución CONASEV Nª
103-99-EF/94.01

 b).- De acuerdo a los requerimientos del Reglamento de >Información


Financiera (RIF) aprobado mediante Resolución CONASEV Nº 103-99-
EF/94.01.
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7.5.-COMPENSACIONES:- Las partidas de activo y pasivo no deben


compensarse entre si, salvo cuando así lo requieran o permitan otras .
 Normas internacionales de Contabilidad.

Las partidas de ingreso y gastos deben compensarse cuando:

a).- Una Norma Internacional de Contabilidad así lo requiera o permita;


per mita; o
  b).
b).-- Las
Las gana
gananc
ncias
ias,, perd
perdid
idas
as y gast
gastos
os rela
relaci
cion
onad
ados
os ququee prove
proveng
ngan
an de
transacciones y hechos similares, no sean significativos, estos importes
deben agruparse con los de naturaleza o función similar.
similar.

7.6.-INFORMACION
7.6.-INFOR MACION COMPARATIV
COMPARATIVA A: Si la partida de una Norma
Inte
Intern
rnac
acio
iona
nall de Cont
Contab
abil
ilid
idad
ad permi
permita
ta o requ
requie
iera
ra lo cont
contra
rari
rioo debe
debe
 presentar
 presentarse
se informació
informaciónn comparativa
comparativa en relación
relación con el ejercicio
ejercicio anterior
anterior,,
en lo que respeta a toda.

8.- DE ESTRUCTURA
ESTRUCTU RA DEL CONTENIDOS
8.1.- IDENTIFICACION
IDENTIFIC ACION LOS ESTADOS ESTADOS FIANCIEROS
Los Estados
Estados financieros
financieros deben identific
identificarse
arse y distinguirs
distinguirsee claramente
claramente de
cual
cualqu
quie
ierr otro
otro tipo
tipo de info
inform
rmacació
iónn incl
inclui
uida
da en un mi mismsmoo do
docum
cumen
ento
to
  pub
publi
lica
cado
do.. Cada
Cada comp
compon onen
ente
te de loslos esta
estado
doss fina
financ
ncie
iero
ross debe
debe esta
estar 

clar
clarame
ament ntee iden
identi
tifi
fica
cado
do.. Adem
Además ás para
para pres
presen
enta
taci
ción
ón adec
adecuauada
da de la
información presentada, debe exponerse, en forma destacada y repetirse
cada vez que sea necesario., la siguiente información:
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de Flujo de Efectivo y las Notas relacionadas, no son comparables.

9.0.- BALANCE GENERAL-


9.1.- DISTINCION ENTRE CORRIENTE Y MNO CORRIENTE

Cada empresa debe determinar basada en la naturaleza de sus operaciones,


si su Balance General presenta o no sus activos y Pasivos, clasificados
separadamente en corrientes y no corrientes. Si la empresa decide no
realizar esta clasificación, entonces debe presentar sus activos y pasivos de
modo amplio y en orden a su convertibilidad en efectivo. Es decir debemos
seguir el CRITERIO DE DE EXIGIBLIDAD.
EXIGIBLIDAD.

Cualquiera que sea la modalidad de presentación adoptada, la empresa


debe revelar el importe que se espera cobrar o pagar después de mas de 12
meses
meses por cada partida
partida de Activo
Activo y Pasivo
Pasivo en que se hallen
hallen mezclados
mezclados
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9.4.-INFORMACION QUE DEBEN SER PRESENTADA EN EL


BALANCE GENERAL O EN LAS NOTAS

El Balance General debe incluir como mínimo, rubros cuyos importes


corresponden a los siguientes conceptos:
a).- Amuebles,
Amuebles, Maquinarias y Equipos
 b).- Activos Intangibles
c).- Activos Financieros
d).- Inversiones contabilizadas por el método de participación Patrimonial
e).- Existencias
f).- Cuentas por cobrar Comerciales
Co merciales y diversas
g).- Efectivo y Equivalentes de Efectivo
h).- Cuentas por pagar Comerciales y Diversas
i).- Pasivo y Activos Tributarios
Tributarios según la NIC 12 Impuesto ala Renta
 j).- Provisiones
k)- Deuda que generan intereses, no corriente
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en el patrimonio neto.
c).- El importe incluido (o no incluido) como pasivo, por los dividendos
que han sido propuestos pero no formalmente aprobados para su pago.
d).- El importe de dividendos preferenciales acumulativos no reconocidos

NOTAS A LOS ESTADOS FINANCIEROS- ESTRUCTURA

Las Notas a los Estados Financieros de una empresa deben:

a).-Presentar información sobre la base de los Estados Financieros


Financieros y sobre
la Políticas contables especificas seleccionadas y aplicadas a
Transacciones y hechos significativos
 b).-Revelar la información requerida por las normas Internacionales de
Contabilidad, no presentada en otra parte
parte de los estados
estados financieros
c).-Proporcionar información
información adicional no presentada en los estados
Financieros y que es necesario para una presentación razonable.
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Todo el grupo
d.)- El numero de trabajadores al final del ejercicio o el promedio de
Trabajadores
Trabajadores del ejercicio.
10. 0.-ESTADO
0.-ESTADO DE GANANCIAS Y PERDIADAS- PERDIADAS -
10.1.- INFORMACION QUE DEBE SER PRESENTADA EN EL
ESTADO
ESTADO DE GANACIAS Y PÉRDIDAS

El Estado de Ganancias y Pérdidas deben incluir, como rubros cuyos


importes correspondan a los siguientes conceptos:

a).- Ingresos
 b).-Resultados de las actividades de las operaciones
c).- Costos Financieros
d).- Participación en las Ganancias y Perdidas de asociadas y asociares en
Participación contabilizada aplicada el método de participación
Patrimonial
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 b).- Cada partida de ingreso y gastos, ganancias o perdidas que, como lo


Requieren otras Normas esta reconocida directamente en el Patrimonio
Neto y el de estas partidas,
c).- El efecto acumulado de los cambios
ca mbios en las políticas contables y la
Corrección de los errores sustanciales llevada a cabo según los
Tratamientos
Tratamientos referenciales de la NIC 8

Además, la empresa debe presentara en este estado adicional o en las notas


d).- Las transacciones de capital realizadas con lo propietarios de este y las
Distribuciones efectuadas a dichos propietarios.
e).- El saldo de las utilidades o pérdidas acumuladas
acumuladas al inicio del ejercicio
ejercicio
Ya la fecha del balance general, así como los movimientos del
Ejercicio
f).- Una conciliación entre el monto de libros de cada
cad a categoría del capital
Social, primas por emisión de acciones y cada reserva al inicio y al
Final del ejercicio, revelando separadamente cada movimiento.
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13.02.-PRESENTACION DE LA POLITICAS CONTABLES

La sección de las notas a los estados financieros que se refiere a las


 políticas contables debe describir lo siguiente:

a).- La base (o bases) de medición (valuación) empleadas


e mpleadas para la
Preparación de los estados financieros.
 b).- Cada política contable especificada que sea necesaria
nece saria para el apropiado
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PRESENTACION DE ESTADOS FINANCIEROS DE ACUERDO A


LOS REQUIRIMIENTOS DEL REGLAMENTO DE
INFORM
INFORMACI
ACION
ON FINACIE
FINACIERA
RA DE LA COMISI
COMISION
ON NACIO
NACIONAL
NAL
SUPERVISORA DE EMPRESAS
EM PRESAS Y VALORES
VALORES (CONASEV)

EMPRESA IMPORTADORA PAREDES SAC.


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Al 31 de Diciembre del 2001 y Año 2000


(Importe expresado en Nuevos Soles)
Ajustados por Efectos de Inflación

ACTIVO AÑO 2001 AÑO 2000

ACTIVO CORRIENTE

Caja y Bancos (Nota 04) 81,878.10


Valores Negociables
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PASIVO CORRIENTE
Sobregiros Bancarios (Nota 12) 30,472.90
Cuentas por Pagar Comerciales (Nota 13) 386,000.00 265,800.00
Cuentas por Pagar a Vinculadas
Otras Cuentas por Pagar (Nota 14) 132,084.96 35,155.00
Parte Corriente de las Deudas a largo Plazo

TOTAL
TOTAL PASIVO CORRIENTE 548,557.86
548,55 7.86 300,955.00
300,95 5.00
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Al 31 de Diciembre del 2001 y Año 2000


(Importe expresado en Nuevos Soles)
Ajustados por Efectos de Inflación

Año 2001 año 2000


AJUSTADO AJUSTADO
Ventas Netas 585000.00
58500 0.00 467100.00
46710 0.00
Costo de Ventas -195000.00 -259500.00
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Utilidad (perdida) Diluida por Acción Común 81039.17 26573.40


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b).-Aquellos que son indicativos de


condiciones que han aparecido después
. de la fecha del balance (hechos
Posteriores a la fecha del balance que
No implican ajuste).

Son ejemplos de hechos posteriores que obligan a la entidad a


ajustar los importes reconocidos en sus Estados Financieros, o
 bien a reconocer partidas no reconocidas con anterioridad.

- La resol
resolució
uciónn de un litigi
litigioo judicia
judicial,l, poster
posterior
ior a la fecha
fecha del
 balance, que confirma que la entidad tenía una obligación
 presente a la fecha del balance. Reconociendo la provisión
de acuerdo con la NIC 37: Provisiones, .Activos
Contingentes y Pasivos Contingentes.

Es por esa razón que no vemos


vemos en la obligación
obligación de efectuar
efectuar la
Provisión ,por Perdidas por Litigio y de preferencia
preferencia revelarlo en
notas a los Estados financieros, las razones que se produjeron para
ello.

ASIENTOS CONTABLES
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PROVISION PARA PÉRDIDA POR LITIGIO:

68.- PROVISIONES DEL EJERCICIO 12,500.00 12,500. 00


68.9 Otras provisiones del ejercicio

48.- PROVISIONES DIVERSAS 12,500.00


48.3 Provisión para Perdidas por Litigio

31/12 Por la Provisión


Provisión de garantía sobre ventas

----------------------.----------------------------

95.- GASTOS DE VENTAS


VENTAS 12,500.00
12,500. 00
95.8 Provisiones del Ejercicio

79 CARGAS IMPUTABLES
IMPUTABLES A LA
CUENTA
CUENTA DE COSTOS 12,500.00
12,500. 00
79.5 Gastos de Ventas
31/12 Destino de la provisión de garantía
Sobre ventas.
--------------------xxxxx----------------------

ANALISIS TRIBUTARIO
TRIBUTARIO

El artículo 44ª de la Ley del Impuesto a la renta nos señala que no


son deducibles para la determinación de la renta imponible de
tercera categoría:
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. Las asignaciones destinadas a la constitución de reservas o


 provisiones cuya deducción no admite esta ley.

En consecuencia, la provisión para perdidas por litigio no será un


gasto deducible y por ende a ser adicionado de la utilidad del
ejercicio 2006.

Situación que originara una Diferencia temporal a ser conciliada


de acuerdo a la NIC: 12: Impuesto a la Renta.

TEMA Nº 5

NIC Nº 16: INMUEBLES, MAQUINARIAS Y EQUIPOS

FECHA EN VIGENCIA EN EL PERU

La primera versión (original) adoptada de la NIC 16 titulada


tratamiento Contable de Inmuebles, maquinarias y equipos, fue
oficializada por el Consejo Normativo de Contabilidad mediante
Resolución Nº 005-94-EF/ 93.01 del 30 de marzo 1994.

LA NIC 16: Inmuebles, Maquinaria y Equipo (modificada en


1993) esta oficializada por el consejo Normativo de contabilidad
mediante Resolución Nº 007-96-EF/ 93.01 del 31 de julio de
1996.

La NIC 16 fue modificada en 1998, oficializada mediante Res.


CNC Nº 023-2001-EF/ 93.01 (01.06.2001), vigente a partir del
año 2001 luego fue modificada por el LASB en diciembre de
2003 y oficilializada en el Perú mediante Res. CNC Nº 034-
2005-EF/ 93.01 (02.03.2005), vigente a partir del 01.01.2006.
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FECHA DE VIGENCIA DE LA NIC A NIVEL


INTERNACIONAL

La enti
entida
dadd apli
aplica
cara
ra esta
esta no
norm
rmaa en los
los peri
period
odos
os anua
anuale
less qu
quee
comiencen a partir del 1 de Enero de 2005. Se aconseja su
aplicación anticipada. Si la entidad aplica esta Norma para un
 periodo que comience antes del 1 de Enero de 2005, revela este
hecho.

DEREGACION DE OTROS PRONUNCIACIAMIENTOS

Esta Norma deroga a NIC 16: Propiedades, planta y equipo


(revisada en 1998).

Esta norma deroga las siguientes Interpretaciones:

 SIG-6: Costos de Modificación de los programas


Informáticos Existentes.
 SIG-14:
SIG-14: Propiedad
Propiedades,
es, planta
planta y equipo – Indemniz
Indemnizacio
aciones
nes
 por Deterioro del Valor de las Partidas y,
 SIC-23 Propiedades, Planta y equipo- Costos de Revisiones

o Reparaciones Generale

NIC Nº 16: TRATAMIENTO CONTABLE DE LOS


INMUEBLES, MAQUINARIAS Y EQUIPOS.

Esta norma fue actualizada en 1993, y se encuentra vigente para


su uso obligatorio a partir de enero de 1995.
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Los acti
activvos fijo
fijos,
s, que norm
ormalm
lmen
ente
te son cono
conoccididoos com
como
inmuebles, maquinarias y equipo, son utilizados por las empresas
 para la producción y distribución de producción y distribución de
  pro
produ
duct
ctos
os o serv
servic
icio
ios,
s, y no
norm
rmal
alme
ment
ntee repr
repres
esen
enta
tann ununaa part
partee
significativa en el Balance General. El tipo de actividad de cada
empresa determina la naturaleza de los activos utilizados.

La presente Norma trata sobre la contabilización de dichos activos


fijos y establece las bases y los criterios que deben seguirse en la
reve
revellaci
ación de los fun unddamen
amento
toss de valualuaci
ación usado
sadoss para
para
determinar el valor bruto en libros, métodos de depreciación
util
utiliz
izad
ados
os,, etc.
etc. Asim
Asimisismo
mo,, este
este pron
pronun
unci
ciam
amie
ient
ntoo comp
compre
rend
ndee
explicaciones y conceptos sobre la identificación de la propiedad,
 planta y equipo, de los componentes de su costo, de los activos
fijo
fijoss cons
constr
trui
uido
doss po
porr la enti
entida
dad,
d, sobr
sobree cons
consid
ider
erac
acio
ione
ness no la
entidad, sobre consideraciones no monetarias, acerca de mejoras y
reparaciones, entre otros.

- Esta NIC no es aplicable a los activos biológicos


relacionados con la actividad agrícola no obstante será de
aplicación de los el elementos de inmuebles, maquinarias y
equipos utilizados para desarrollar o mantener los activos
 biológicos.
- Las prop
propied
iedade
ades,
s, planta
plantass y equipos
equipos son
son activo
activoss de empre
empresa,
sa,
para usuarios en producción de bienes y servicios,
arrendados a terceros o para uso y de los cuales se espera
una duración de mas de un periodo.
- El activ
activoo debe
debe ser recono
reconocid
cidoo como
como parte
parte del
del rubro
rubro cuan
cuando
do
es proba
robabble que este prov
proveaea a la empr
empres
esaa ben
benefic
eficio
ioss
económicos futuros y cuando su costo pueda cuantificado
confiablemente.
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- Estos deben ser registrados y mantenidos a costo de


adqu
adquis
isic
ició
iónn o cons
constr
truc
ucci
ción
ón,, in
incl
clui
uido
doss lo
loss dere
derech
chos
os de
importación e impuestos no recuperables respecto de la
compra, y deben presentarse rebajados de su
correspondiente depreciación acumulada.
- Las
Las mejor
mejoras as en prop
propie
ieda
dad,
d, plant
plantaa y equi
equipo
poss se suman
suman a su
valor en libro cuando es probable que se generen beneficios
económicos futuros en exceso de los ya obtenidos.

Arrendamientos

El objetivo de esta norma es establecer, para los arrendatarios y


arrendadores, las políticas contables y de revelación, apropiadas,
que deben aplicarse
aplicarse a los contratos
contratos de arrendamiento financiero
financiero y
operativo

CASO PRÁCTICO Nº 1: CONSTRUCCION


CONSTRUCCION DE INMUEBLE

El 30.08.2005, la empresa VANDILA S.A. en el ejercicio 2006 ha


com
comprado
rado mater
ateria
ialles para
para la con
constr
strucci
uccióón de un edif
edific
icio
io
equivalentes a s/. 125400.00 mas IGV según F/ 001-2354.

Asimismo ha incurrido en costos de honorarios de ingenieros y


arquitectos por el importe de s/ 62800.00 sujetos a la retención del
10%.

Se pide:
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ANALISIS CONTABLE

Inmuebles, Maquinaria y equipo

Son los activos tangibles:

a) Posee
Posee la entida
entidadd para su uso en la produc
producció
ciónn o sumin
suminist
istro
ro
de bienes y servicios, para arrendarlos a terceros o para
 propósitos administrativos; y,
 b) Se esperan
esperan usar durante
durante más
más de un ejercicio.
ejercicio.

Un elemento de inmovilizado material se reconocerá como activo


cuando:

a) Sea probable que la entidad obtenga los beneficios


económicos futuros derivados del mismo; y,
 b) El costo
costo del activo
activo para la entida
entidadd pueda
pueda ser valorado
valorado con
fiabilidad.

La empresa VANDILA S.A. ha evaluado que los costos del


edificio comprenden tanto los costos de adquisición como los de
construcción de este elemento del inmovilizado material.
El costo de estos elementos comprende:

a) Su precio de adquisición, incluidos los aranceles de


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 b) Cualquier
Cualquier coste directame
directamente
nte relacionado
relacionado con la ubicación
ubicación
del activo en el lugar y en las condiciones necesarias para
que pueda operar de la forma prevista por la dirección;
c) La estimaci
estimación
ón inicial
inicial de los costes
costes de desma
desmante
ntelam
lamien
iento
to o
retiro del elemento, así como la rehabilitación del lugar 
sobre el que se sienta, cuando constituyan obligaciones en
las que incurra la entidad como secuencia de utilizar el
elemento durante un determinado periodo, con propósitos
dist
distin
into
toss al de la prod
produc
ucci
ción
ón de exis
existe
tenc
ncia
iass du
dura
rant
ntee tal
tal
 periodo.

Ejemplo de costes directamente relacionados son:

a) Los
Los cost
costes
es de retr
retrib
ibuc
ucio
ione
ness a lo
loss empl
emplea
eado
doss (seg
(según
ún se
definen en la NIC 19: retribuciones a los empleados), que
 procedan directamente de la construcción o adquisición de
un elemento de inmovilizado material;
 b) Los costes
costes de preparación del emplazamiento
emplazamiento físico;
físico;
c) Los cos
costes
tes de entr
entreg
egaa ini
nici
cial
al y los de mani
manipupullació
aciónn o
trasporté posterior;
d) Los costes
costes de instalación
instalación y montaje; y,y,
e) Los
Los cost
costes
es de comp
comproroba
baci
ción
ón de qu
quee el acti
activo
vo func
funcio
iona
na
adecuadamente, después de deducir los importes netos de la
venta de cualquier elemento producido durante el proceso de
instalación y puesta a punto del activo (tales como muestras
 producidas mientras se probaba el equipo); y los honorarios
 profesionales.
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Compras de Materiales para la Construcción

60.- COMPRAS 125,400.00


60.6 Suministros Diversos
40.-TRIBUTOS
40.-TRIBU TOS POR PAGAR 23,826.00
23,826.0 0
401. Gobierno Central
40.1.1 I.G.V.
42.-PROVEEDORES 149,226.00
421 Facturas por pagar
Compra de los materiales de construcción
construcción
-----------------xxxxx------------------------

26.- SUMINISTROS
SUMINISTROS DIVERSOS 125,400.00
26.1 Materiales de Construcción
61.- VARIACION DE EXISTENCIAS 125,400.00Ç
125,400. 00Ç
61.6 Suministros Diversos
Por el Ingreso
Ingreso de los materiales
materiale s de
Constricción
------------------xxxxxx---------------
CONSUMO DE MATERIALES
MATERIALES
PARA LA CONSTRUCCION

--------------------XXXXX----------

61.- VARIACION DE EXISTENCIAS 125, 400,00


61.6 Suministros Diversos
26.- SUMINISTROS
SUMINISTROS DIVERSOS 125,400.00
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--------------------xxxxxx---------------
33 INMUEBLES, MAQUINARIA
Y EQUIPO 125,400.00
125,400. 00
33.9 Trabajos en curso
72.- PRODUCCION INMOVILIZADA 125,400.00
125,400. 00
72.1 Inmuebles Maquinaria y Equipo
Por Transferir el consumo de materiales
a la construcción de los trabajos en curso.
-----------------xxxxx---------------------

ANALISIS TRIBUTARIO

Desde el punto de vista tributario se comparte este criterio, puesto


que el artículo 20º de la ley del impuesto a la renta nos dice que:

Costo de producción o Construcción


El costo
costo incurrido
incurrido en la producción
producción o construcc
construcción
ión del bien,
bien, el
cual comprende:
Los materiales directos utilizados, la mano de obra directa y los
costos indirectos de fabricación o construcción.

En ese sentido hay coincidencias entre el criterio contable y


tributario, siendo sujeto a depreciación en el momento en que se
termine y empiece a utilizarse el activo fijo.

CASO Nº 02: BAJA DE BIENES


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Se solicita:

- Análisis Con
Contable
- Asientos Co
Contable
- Análi
nálissis Tri
Tribbut
utaario
rio

ANALISIS CONTABLE

La NIC
NIC 16: inmue
inmuebles,
bles, Maquinari
Maquinariaa y Equipo
Equipo nos afirm
afirmaa que el
importe en libros de inmovilizado material se dará de baja en
cuentas:
a).- Por su enajenación o disposición por otra vía o:
 b).- Cuando no se espere obtener
obtener beneficios económicos futuros
futuros
 por su huso enajenación
enajenación o disposición por
por mitra vía.

Asimismo nos precisa que:

- La parti
partida
da surg
surgida
ida al
al dar de
de baja
baja un eleme
elemento
nto de
de Inmueb
Inmuebles
les,,
maquinaria y Equipo incluirá en el resultado del ejercicio
cuando la partida sea dada de baja en cuentas.
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BAJA DE LAS COMPUTADORAS

66.-CARGAS EXCEPCIONALES 700.00


66.9 Otras Cargas Excepcionales
39.- DEPRECIACIONES Y AMORT.AC. 1,800.00
39.3 Depreciaciones de Inmb.maq.y eq.
33.- INMUEBLES MAQUINARIA Y EQUIP. EQUIP. 2,500.00
2,500.0 0
33.5 Equipos Diversos
Por la baja de Computadora obsoleta
----------------------xxxxx -----------------------------

ANALISIS TRIBUTARIO

Con respecto a los bienes obsoletos o fuera de uso, el artículo 43ª


de la Ley del Impuesto a la Renta nos dice que:

- Los bienes
bienes deprec
depreciad
iadles
les,, excep
excepto
to inm
inmueb
uebles
les,, que
que queden
queden
Obsoletos o fuera de uso, podrán a opción del contribuyente,
Depreciarse anualmente hasta extinguir su costo o
Darse de baja, por el valor aun no depreciado a la
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- Dar
Dar de baja
baja al bie
bienn el valo
valorr aun no
no depre
depreci
ciab
abaa a la fecha
fecha en
que el contribuyente
contribuyente lo retire de su activo fijo.
fijo. La SUNAT
SUNAT
dictara las normas
normas para el registro y control contable de los
 bienes dados de baja.

 b) El desuso
desuso o la obsolencia deberá
deberá estar debidamente
Acreditados y sustentados
sustentados por informes técnicos dicta
Minado por profesional competente y colegiado.

c) En ningún caso,
caso, la SUNAT
SUNAT aprobara
aprobara la aplicación de tasa de
Depreciaciones mayores en razón de desuso u
obsolescencia.

En conc
conclu
lusi
sión
ón,, la SU
SUNA
NAT
T le perm
permititee cont
contin
inua
uarr depr
deprec
ecia
iand
ndoo
apl
aplica
icand
ndoo las
las tabl
tablas
as de depr
eprecia
eciacció
iónn est
establ
ableci
ecidas
das po
porr el
Reglamento de la Ley del impuesto a la Renta o darlo de baja
apoyándoos en un informe técnico dictaminado por un profesional
técnico competente y colegiado.

Habi
Habien
endo
do op
opta
tado
do po
porr la darl
darloo de baja
baja,, sigu
siguie
iend
ndoo el crit
criter
erio
io
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La NIC 17 fue modificada


modificada en 1997, oficiali
oficializada
zada mediante
mediante Res. CNC Nº
020-2000-EF/93.01 (21-12-2000), vigente a partir del año 2001, luego fue
modificada por el IASB en diciembre de 2003 y oficializada en el Perú
mediante Res. CNC Nº 034-2005-EF/93.01 (02-03-2005) vigente a partir 
del 01.01.2006

FECHA DE VIGENCIA DE LA NIC A NIVEL INTERNACIONAL.


La entidad aplicara esta Norma en los periodos anuales que comiencen a
 partir
 partir del 01 de Enero de 2005. Se aconseja su aplicación anticipada.
anticipada. Si la
entidad aplica esta Norma para un periodo que comience antes del 1 de
enero de 2005, revelara este hecho.

DEROGACION DE LA NIC: NIC: 17 (REVISADA EN 1997)


Esta norma deroga la NIC 17: Arrendamientos
Arrendamientos (revisada en 1997).
199 7).

INTRODUCCION

La Norma Internacional de Contabilidad Nº 17: Arrendamientos (NIC 17)


susten
sustentuy
tuyee a la NIC 17: arrendam
arrendamien
ientos
tos (revis
(revisada
ada en 1997),
1997), y debe
debe ser 
aplicada en los periodos
periodos anuales que comiencen a partir
partir del 1 de enero de
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- Pres
Presen
enta
ta defin
definic
icio
ione
ness sign
signif
ific
icat
ativ
ivas
as respe
respect
ctoo a arrearrend
ndam
amie
ient
ntoo
financiero, operativo, plazo de duración de contrato, pagos mínimos
de arrendamiento, valor razonablemente justo, vida útil, entre otros
conceptos que colaboran para la comprensión
co mprensión de esta NIC.

- De otro
otro lado
lado,, est
establ
ablece
ece los cricriter
terios
ios ququee debe
debenn segu
seguir
irsse en la
reve
revela
laci
ción
ón en loslos esta
estado
doss fina
financ
ncie
iero
ros,
s, de las
las base
basess qu
quee se han
han
utilizados para asignar la utilidad a fin de producir una tasa constante
de rendi
endimi
mien
ento
to per
periód
ódic
ico,
o, así
así com
como, si el rend rendim
imiient
ento est
esta
relacionado con la inversión neta.

- Arren
Arrendam
damien
iento
to Fi
Financ
nancier
iero:
o: Es un
un tipo
tipo de arren
arrendam
damien
iento
to en el que
que se
transfiere sustancialmente todos los riesgos y beneficios inherentes a
la propiedad del activo. La propiedad del mismo, en su caso, puede o
no ser transferida.

- Arrend
rendam
amiiento
ento no canc
cancel
elab
ablle es un arr
arrenda
endam
miento
ento qu
quee solo
olo es
revocable:
a).- Si ocurre alguna contingencia remota;
 b).- Con el permiso del arrendador;
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ASPECTOS PRINCIPALES DE LA NORMA

- Los aspe
aspecto
ctoss princi
principal
pales
es regul
regulado
adoss por esta
esta norma
norma que
que permite
permitenn a la
empresa escoger entre diferentes tratamientos alternativos son las
Siguientes

CASO PRÁCTICO Nº 01: CESION DE POSICION


CONTRACTUAL EN UNA CONTRATO DE ARRENDAMIENTO
FINANCIERO

1.- GENARALIDADES
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GRAF
GRAFIC
ICA.
A. LA CESI
CESION
ON DE POSI
POSICI
CION
ON CONT
CONTRA
RACT
CTUA
UAL
L SE
PUEDE ILUSTRAR:

CESION DE POSICION
POSICION CONTRACTUAL

Entidad
Bancaria
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Con la finalidad de mostrar los efectos que contiene la cesión de posición


contractual en un contrato
contrato de arrendamiento
arrendamiento financiero regulado `por el
D.Leg, Nº 299, y modificactorias, presente a continuación un caso practico
Que
Que para
para fine
finess didá
didáct
ctic
icos
os se mu
mues estr
traa con
con cant
cantid
idad
ades
es redon
redonde
dead
adas
as,,
omiti
omitien
endo
do la opci
opción
ón de CompComprarass y con inte
interes
reses
es qu quee se prese
present
ntan
an
constantes no obstante
obstante no obstante ello no ocurre en lala práctica

Con fecha 02-01-2006, la


la empresa de transportes
transportes “El José Olaya
Olaya S.A.
Celebro un Contrato de LEASING a tres años respectivos a una unidad de
transporte con el banco Continental y según contrario se tiene la siguiente
información sobre el mismo (resumido en años)
.
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Aceptado según el Art. 18ª del la Ley 299 modificado por La Ley Nº 27394
y un pasi
pasivo
vo al valo
valorr razo
razona
nabl
blee del
del bien
bien arre
arrend
ndad
ado.
o. En este
este sent
sentid
ido,
o,
  presc
prescind
indien
iendo
do de su forma
forma legal y atendiend
atendiendoo asu fondo
fondo económico
económico y
real
realid
idad
ad fina
financ
ncie
iera
ra dado
dado ququee el arre
arrend
ndat
atar
ario
io adqui
adquier
eree los
los bene
benefi
fici
cios
os
económicos derivados del uso del activo arrendado durante la mayor parte
de su vida económica, SAN PEDRO SA, deberá efectuar el siguiente
asiento
REGISTRO CONTABLE

33.- INMUEBLES, MAQUINARIA Y EQUIPO 90,000.00


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REGISTRO CONTABLE

67.-CARGAS FINANCIERAS 10,000.00


679 otras cuentas financieras
40.-TRIBUTOS
40.-TRIB UTOS POR PAGAR 7,600.00
7,600.0 0
401. Gobierno Central
401.1. I: G: V
38.-CARGAS DIFERIDAS 17,600.00
381. Intereses por devengar 10,00.00
389,.Otras cargas diferidas 7,600.00
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REGISTRO CONTABLE
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REGISTRO CONTABLE

66.-CARGAS EXCEPCIONALES 81,000.00


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REGISTRO CONTABLE

46.- CUENTAS
CUENTAS POR PAGAR DIVERSAS 95, 200,00
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FECHA DE VIGENCIA EN EL PERU


La prim
primer
eraa vers
versió
iónn (ori
(origi
gina
nal)
l) adop
adopta
tada
da de la NICNIC 19 deno
denomi
mina
nada
da
Tratam
ratamie
ient
ntoo Cont
Contab
able
le de los
los Benef
Benefic
icio
ioss de Jubi
Jubila
laci
ción
ón en los
los Esta
Estado
doss
Financieros del Empleador fue oficializada por el Consejo Normativo de
Contabilidad mediante
mediante Resolución Nº 005-94-EF/93.01
005-94-EF/93.01 del 30 de marzo de
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POR EL TIPO DE BENEFICIOS


BENEFICIO S SOCIALES ESTA NIC
COMPRENDE:

ACORTO PLAZO Tales como sueldos, salarios y contribuciones


contribu ciones a la
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