English Ii - P.A. 1-Tarea - Elias

Producto Académico N° 1: Tarea
1. Consideraciones:
Criterio Detalle
Tema o asunto Globalization in Economy applied to the profession.
Enunciado Write an abstract about the importance of globalization in

economy, considering the definitions of trade and markets
applied to the profession.
Instrucciones  Write the text in one page.

para presentar  Send the text to your virtual classroom.
el archivo en el
 Considerate the parameters of the evaluation rubric to
aula virtual
elaborate the context.
Referencias
para realizar la Material de lectura:
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=13054
actividad.
Recurso digital didáctico:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CYwjg-LAHg
Material de lectura:
http://readingthemarkets.blogspot.com/
Recurso digital didáctico:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mf_1NJTswwU
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2. Rúbrica de evaluación:
A continuación, se presenta la escala de valoración, en base a la cual se evaluará

el trabajo individual, donde la escala máxima por categoría equivale a 5 puntos y la
mínima, 0.
Criterios Logrado En proceso No logrado

(5 puntos) (3 puntos) (0 puntos)
Capacidad de Plantea sus ideas y Plantea sus ideas y No plantea
elaboración y análisis justifica sus justifica sus adecuadamente
del tema planteado. argumentos en argumentos en sus ideas ni
relación integral con relación parcial argumentos, en
el tema planteado. con el tema relación con el
planteado. tema planteado.
Aplica los Aplica los No aplica los

Capacidad de conceptos conceptos conceptos
aplicación de los requeridos y los requeridos y los requeridos ni los
conceptos relaciona de relaciona de relaciona de
indicados en el manera óptima forma regular manera
desarrollo del con el tema con el tema adecuada con
tema. planteado. planteado. el tema
planteado.
Aplicación de reglas Aplica las reglas Aplica las reglas No aplica

gramaticales del idioma gramaticales del gramaticales del correctamente las
inglés. idioma inglés idioma inglés con reglas gramaticales
correctamente. algunos errores del idioma inglés.
Uso y citado de fuentes Refiere y cita, Refiere y cita No refiere ninguna

de información, según el adecuadamente, dos solo una fuente fuente de
documento “Elaboración fuentes de de información, información, para
de citas y referencias información, para para sustentar sustentar sus ideas.
con APA del CENDOC”1. sustentar sus ideas, sus ideas.
Total
Nota:
1
Se anexa el documento en el aula virtual, en formato PDF.
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A International trade is growing at a startling pace. While the global economy has
been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising
at a compound annual rate of about twice that. Foreign products, from meat to
machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world,
and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about
sales beyond their nation's borders.
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B What lies behind this explosion in international commerce? The general
worldwide decline in trade barriers, such as customs duties and import quotas,
is surely one explanation. The economic opening of countries that have
traditionally been minor players is another. But one force behind the import-
export boom has passed all but unnoticed: the rapidly falling cost of getting
goods to market. Theoretically, in the world of trade, shipping costs do not
matter. Goods, once they have been made, are assumed to move instantly
and at no cost from place to place. The real world, however, is full of frictions.
Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if
delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in
spring, trade may lose its advantages.
C CAt the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and manufacturing were the two
most important sectors almost everywhere, accounting for about 70% of
total output in Germany, Italy and France, and 40-50% in America, Britain and
Japan. International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials,
such as wheat, wood and iron ore, or processed commodities, such as meat
and steel. But these sorts of products are heavy and bulky and the cost of
transporting them relatively high.
D Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbours. Over
time, however, world output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to
their size and weight. Today, it is finished manufactured products that
dominate the flow of trade, and, thanks to technological advances such as
lightweight components, manufactured goods themselves have tended to
become lighter and less bulky. As a result, less transportation is required for
every dollar's worth of imports or exports.
E To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for
computers. Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-
east Asia. This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are small and
light and so cost little to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not
face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than
purchasing them on the domestic market. Distance therefore poses no obstacle to
the globalisation of the disk-drive industry.
F This is even more true of the fast-growing information industries. Films and
compact discs cost little to transport, even by aeroplane. Computer software can be
'exported' without ever loading it onto a ship, simply by transmitting it over telephone
lines from one country to another, so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules
become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product. Businesses can
locate based on other considerations, such as the availability of labour, while
worrying less about the cost of delivering their output.
G In many countries deregulation has helped to drive the process along. But, behind
the scenes, a series of technological innovations known broadly
as containerisation and inter-modal transportation has led to swift productivity
improvements in cargo-handling. Forty years ago, the process of exporting or
importing involved a great many stages of handling, which risked portions of the
shipment being damaged or stolen along the way. The invention of the container
crane made it possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship and
the adoption of standard container sizes allowed almost any box to be transported on
any ship. By 1967, dual-purpose ships, carrying loose cargo in the hold* and
containers on the deck, were giving way to all-container vessels that moved
thousands of boxes at a time.
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H The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensely
competitive business. But getting the cargo to and from the dock was a different
story. National governments, by and large, kept a much firmer hand on truck and
railroad tariffs than on charges for ocean freight. This started changing, however, in
the mid-1970s, when America began to deregulate its transportation industry. First
airlines, then road hauliers and railways, were freed from restrictions on what they
could carry, where they could haul it and what price they could charge. Big
productivity gains resulted. Between 1985 and 1996, for example, America's freight
railways dramatically reduced their employment, trackage, and their fleets of
locomotives - while increasing the amount of cargo they hauled. Europe's railways
have also shown marked, albeit smaller, productivity improvements.
I America the period of huge productivity gains in transportation may be almost over,
but in most countries the process still has far to go. State ownership of railways and
airlines, regulation of freight rates and toleration of anti-competitive practices, such
as cargo-handling monopolies, all keep the cost of shipping unnecessarily high and
deter international trade. Bringing these barriers down would help the world's
economies grow even closer.
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Producto Académico N° 1: Tarea

Enunciado Write an abstract about the importance of globalization in

Instrucciones  Write the text in one page.

Recurso digital didáctico:

A continuación, se presenta la escala de valoración, en base a la cual se evaluará

Criterios Logrado En proceso No logrado

Aplica los Aplica los No aplica los

Aplicación de reglas Aplica las reglas Aplica las reglas No aplica

Uso y citado de fuentes Refiere y cita, Refiere y cita No refiere ninguna

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