Deberes Digitales PDF
Deberes Digitales PDF
Deberes Digitales PDF
ESPE-L
QUIMICA I
INTEGRANTES:
1. LUCTUALA MIREYA
2. PALMA EDWIN
3. RUIZ FRANK
4. VIZUETE ANDRES
TEMAS:
DEBERES DIGITALES
PERIODO:
ABRIL 2017-AGOSTO2017
DEBERES PRIMER PARCIAL
PRIMER DEBER
1. Una fábrica produce dos modelos de lavadoras: A y B, en cada uno de los
tamaños grande, pequeño y mediana. Produce diariamente 400 grandes, 200
pequeñas y 50 medianas del tipo A, 300 grandes, 100 pequeñas y 30
medianas del tipo B, la del tamaño grande gasta 30 horas de taller y 3 horas
de administración, la del tamaño pequeño gasta 20 horas de taller y 2 horas de
administración, la del tamaño mediano gasta 15 horas de taller y 1 hora de
administración, represente la información en matrices.
⋱ 𝐴 𝐵 𝐻𝑇 𝐻. 𝐴𝐷
𝐺 400 300| 30 3 )
𝑀=(
𝑃 2𝑂𝑂 100 20 2
𝑀 50 30 15 1
⋱ 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝑇𝑂𝑅 𝑆𝑃𝑇
𝑀 = (𝐺 2000 5000 4000| 20 6 )
𝑃 4000 3000 6000 12 4
PROPIEDADES DE LA SUMA:
ASOCIATIVA
(𝐴 + 𝐵 ) + 𝐶 = 𝐴 + (𝐵 + 𝐶 )
1 2 5 6 1 2
𝐴=( );𝐵 = ( );𝐶 = ( )
3 4 7 8 −4 −5
6 8 7 10
𝐴+𝐵 =( ) + 𝐶 →→ ( )
10 12 6 7
6 8 7 10
𝐵+𝐶 =( ) + 𝐴 →→ ( )
3 3 6 7
(𝐴 + 𝐵 ) + 𝐶 = 𝐴 + (𝐵 + 𝐶 )
7 10 7 10
( )=( )
6 7 6 7
CONMUTATIVA
(𝐴 + 𝐵 ) = (𝐵 + 𝐴 )
1 2 5 6
𝐴=( );𝐵 = ( )
3 4 7 8
6 8
𝐴+𝐵 = ( )
10 12
6 8
𝐵+𝐴= ( )
10 12
(𝐴 + 𝐵 ) = (𝐵 + 𝐴 )
6 8 6 8
( )=( )
10 12 10 12
EXISTENCIA DE UN NUMERO NEUTRO ADITIVO
(𝐴 + ∅ ) = 𝐴
1 2 0 0
𝐴=( );∅ = ( )
3 4 0 0
1 2
𝐴+∅ =( )
3 4
(𝐴 + ∅ ) = 𝐴
1 2 1 2
( )=( )
3 4 3 4
EXISTENCIA DE INVERSO ADITIVO
𝐴 + 𝐵 = 0 →→ 𝐵 = −𝐴
−1 −3 1 3
𝐴=( );𝐵 = ( )
−2 −4 2 4
0 0
𝐴+𝐵 = ( )
0 0
1 3
𝐵 = −𝐴 ( )
2 4
−1 −3
𝐴 = −𝐵 ( )
−2 −4
PRPIEDADES DEL PRODUCTO POR UN ESCALAR
ASOCIATIVA
(𝛼 ∗ 𝜑)𝐴 = 𝛼(𝜑 ∗ 𝐴)
2 4
𝐴=( ) ; 𝐸𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠(𝛽, 𝛿)
6 8
2𝛽𝛿 4𝛽𝛿
(𝛽, 𝛿) ∗ (2 4) = ( )
6 8 6𝛽𝛿 8𝛽𝛿
2 4 2𝛿 4𝛿 2𝛽𝛿 4𝛽𝛿
𝛽 (𝛿 ( )) = 𝛽 ( )=( )
6 8 6𝛿 8𝛿 6𝛽𝛿 8𝛽𝛿
(𝛼 ∗ 𝜑)𝐴 = 𝛼(𝜑 ∗ 𝐴)
( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )𝛼 = 𝛼 ∗ 𝐴 + 𝛼 ∗ 𝐵
1 2 5 6
𝐴=( );𝐵 = ( ) ; 𝐸𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝛾.
3 4 7 8
6𝛾 8𝛾
( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )𝛾 = ( 6 8
)𝛾 = ( )
10 12 10𝛾 12𝛾
1 2 5 6 1𝛾 2𝛾 5𝛾 6𝛾 6𝛾 8𝛾
𝛾∗𝐴+𝛾∗𝐵 =( )𝛾 + ( )𝛾 = ( )+( )=( )
3 4 7 8 3𝛾 4𝛾 7𝛾 8𝛾 10𝛾 12𝛾
( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )𝛼 = 𝛼 ∗ 𝐴 + 𝛼 ∗ 𝐵
6𝛾 8𝛾 6𝛾 8𝛾
( )=( )
10𝛾 12𝛾 10𝛾 12𝛾
(𝛼 + 𝛽 ) ∗ 𝐴 = 𝛼 ∗ 𝐴 + 𝛽 ∗ 𝐴
1 2
𝐴=( ) ; 𝐸𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠: 1,5
3 4
(𝛼 + 𝛽) ∗ 𝐴 = (1 + 5) ∗ (1 2) = 6 ∗ (1 2) = ( 6 12)
3 4 3 4 18 24
1 2 1 2 1 2 5 10 6 12
𝛼∗𝐴+𝛽∗𝐴 = 1∗( )+5∗( )=( )+( )=( )
3 4 3 4 3 4 15 20 18 24
(𝛼 + 𝛽 ) ∗ 𝐴 = 𝛼 ∗ 𝐴 + 𝛽 ∗ 𝐴
6 12 6 12
( )=( )
18 24 18 24
PROPIEDADES DEL PRODUCTO DE MATRICES
ASOCIATIVA
𝐴 ∗ (𝐵 ∗ 𝐶 ) = (𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 ) ∗ 𝐶
1 2 5 6 1 2
𝐴=( );𝐵 = ( );𝐶 = ( )
3 4 7 8 −4 −5
−19 −20 −69 −72
𝐴 ∗ (𝐵 ∗ 𝐶 ) = 𝐴 ∗ ( )=( )
−25 −26 −157 −164
(𝐴 ∗ 𝑏) = (19 22
)∗𝐶 =(
−69 −72
)
43 50 −157 −164
𝐴 ∗ (𝐵 ∗ 𝐶 ) = (𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 ) ∗ 𝐶
𝐴∗𝐼 =𝐼∗𝐴
1 2 1 0
𝐴=( );𝐼 = ( )
3 4 0 1
1 2 1 0 1 2
𝐴∗𝐼 = ( )∗( )=( )
3 4 0 1 3 4
1 0 1 2 1 2
𝐼∗𝐴 = ( )∗( )=( )
0 1 3 4 3 4
𝐴∗𝐼 =𝐼∗𝐴
1 2 1 2
( )=( )
3 4 3 4
DISTRIBUITIVA MIXTA
𝐴 ∗ (𝐵 + 𝐶 ) = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 + 𝐴 ∗ 𝐶
1 2 5 6 1 2
𝐴=( );𝐵 = ( );𝐶 = ( )
3 4 7 8 −4 −5
6 8 12 14
𝐴 ∗ (𝐵 + 𝐶 ) = 𝐴 ∗ ( )=( )
3 3 30 36
19 22 −7 −8 12 14
𝐴∗𝐵+𝐴∗𝐶 = ( )+( )=( )
43 50 −13 −14 30 36
𝐴 ∗ (𝐵 + 𝐶 ) = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 + 𝐴 ∗ 𝐶
12 14 12 14
( )=( )
30 36 30 36
4. Bajo que circunstancia se da la igualdad.
b. (𝐴 − 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 − 2𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵2
c. 𝐴2 − 𝐵2 = (𝐴 − 𝐵) ∗ (𝐴 + 𝐵)
𝐴 ∗ 𝐴 + 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 − 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 − 𝐵 ∗ 𝐵 = 𝐴2 + 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵2 = 𝐴2 − 𝐵2 →
→ 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵
(𝐴 ∗ 𝐵)(𝐴 ∗ 𝐵) = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐵 = 𝐴2 𝐵2
1 2 1 3
𝐴=( ) →→ 𝐴𝑇 = ( )
3 4 2 4
5 6 5 7
𝐵=( ) →→ 𝐵𝑇 = ( )
7 8 6 8
6 8 6 10
𝐴+𝐵 = ( ) ≈≈ 𝐴𝑇 + 𝐵𝑇 = ( )
10 12 8 12
7. Hallar una matriz 𝐴3𝑥3 , tal que 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑖 + 𝑗.
= i+j = 1+1 = 2
= i+j = 1+2 = 3
= i+j = 1+3 = 4
= i+j = 2+1 = 3
= i+j = 2+2 = 4
= i+j = 2+3 = 5
= i+j = 3+1 = 4
= i+j = 3+2 = 5 2 3 4
= i+j = 3+3 = 6 𝐴3∗3 = (3 4 5 )
4 5 6
𝐼 ∗ 𝐴 − 3𝐼 + 𝐴−1 = 0
𝐴 − 3𝐼 + 𝐴−1 = 0
𝐴−1 = 3𝐼 − 𝐴
b. (𝐴𝐵𝐶 )𝑇 = 𝐶 𝑇 𝐵𝑇 𝐴𝑇 .
Propiedad de la transpuesta
(𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐶)𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 ∗ 𝐵𝑇 ∗ 𝐶 𝑇
VERDADERO
Matriz ortogonal→→ 𝐴 ∗ 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 ∗ 𝐴 = 𝐼
d. Si A y B son matrices simétricas entonces (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐵𝐴
VERDADERO
Propiedad de la matriz transpuesta:
( 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 ) 𝑇 = 𝐵 𝑇 ∗ 𝐴𝑇
𝐵 𝑇 ∗ 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴
∴ 𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐴𝑦𝐵 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑠
1 2 5 6
𝐴=( ); 𝐵 = ( )
3 4 7 8
6 8
𝐴+𝐵 = ( )
10 12
∴ 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝑂, 𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐴3∗3 𝑌 𝐵3∗3 = 𝑀3∗3
1 2 1 3
𝐴=( ) ; →→ 𝐴𝑇 = ( )
3 4 2 4
2 5
𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 = ( )
5 8
∴ 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝑂, 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎.
0 −5 0 5
𝐴=( ) ; →→ 𝐴𝑇 = ( )
5 0 −5 0
0 −10 0 10
𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 = ( ) →→ (𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = ( )
10 0 −10 0
( 𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 ) 𝑇 = ( 0 −10
)
10 0
1 𝑏
h. La matriz 𝐴 = ( ), es involutiva para b número real
0 −1
cualquiera.
1 4
𝐴=( )
0 −1
𝐴2 = 𝐼 →→ 𝑏 = 4
1 4 1 4 1+0 4−4 1 0
𝐴2 = ( )∗( )=( )=( )
0 −1 0 −1 0 1 0 1
∴ 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴
cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃
i. La matriz 𝐴 = ( ), es una matriz ortogonal.
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝐴 ∗ 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐼
𝐴 ∗ 𝐴𝑇
cos 𝜃 ∗ cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 ∗ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 ∗ sin 𝜃 − sinθ ∗ cos 𝜃
=( )
sin 𝜃 ∗ cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 sin 𝜃 ∗ sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 ∗ cos 𝜃
1 0
𝐴 ∗ 𝐴𝑇 = ( )=𝐼
0 1
∴ 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝑂
cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 𝑛
𝐴𝑛 = ( )
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
cos 𝑛𝜃 − sin 𝑛𝜃
𝐴𝑛 = ( )
sin 𝑛𝜃 cos 𝑛𝜃
∴ 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝑂.
1 0 0 1 0 0
𝑛
k. Si 𝐴 = (0 2 0), entonces 𝐴 = (0 2𝑛 0)
0 0 3 0 0 3𝑛
1 0 0 𝑛
𝐴𝑛 = ( 0 2 0 )
0 0 3
1𝑛 0 0
𝑛
𝐴 =(0 2𝑛 0)
0 0 3𝑛
1 0 0
𝐴𝑛 = (0 2𝑛 0)
0 0 3𝑛
∴ 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝑂
1 2 3
10. Si 𝐴 = (1 5 3), Explicar 2 métodos diferentes como hallar 𝐴−1 y cual es
1 0 8
la inversa.
a. Matriz inversa
(𝐴/𝐼 ) = (𝐼/𝐴−1 )
1 2 31 0 0
(1 5 3|0 1 0)
1 0 80 0 1
B. por definicion:
𝐴−1 =? ? ? = 𝐼
1 2 3 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 1 0 0
𝐴 = (1 5 3) ∗ (𝑑 𝑒 𝑓 ) = (0 1 0 )
1 0 8 𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 0 0 1
1 2 3 2
1 −3 4
11. Si 𝐴 = ( ) , 𝐵 = (3 5) 𝑦 𝐶 = ( 1 0), Calcular: B+C; AB;
2 3 1
2 0 −1 4
BA; AC; CA; A(3B- 2C ).
1 2 3 2
1 −3 4
𝐴=( ) , 𝐵 = (3 5) 𝑦 𝐶 = ( 1 0)
2 3 1
2 0 −1 4
4 4 5 3 6
0 −13
𝐵 + 𝐶 = (4 5) →→ 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 = ( ) →→ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = (13 6 17)
13 19
1 4 2 −6 8
7 3 13
−4 18
𝐴∗𝐶 =( ) →→ 𝐶 ∗ 𝐴 = (1 −3 4 )
8 8
7 15 0
−3 2
(3𝐵 − 2𝐶 ) = 𝐴 ∗ ( 7 15 ) = ( 8 −75)
23 41
8 −8
12. Sabiendo que A y B son conmutables y que además:
a. (𝐴 + 𝐵)3 + (𝐴 − 𝐵)3 = 8𝐴
((𝐴2 + 3𝐴2 𝐵 + 3𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵3 ) + 𝐴3 − 𝐴𝐵2 𝐵 + 3𝐴𝐵2 − 𝐵3 ) = 8𝐴
2𝐴3 + 6𝐴𝐵2 = 8𝐴
2 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝐴2 + 6𝐴 = 8𝐴
2 ∗ 𝐴 + 6 ∗ 𝐴 = 8𝐴
8𝐴 = 8𝐴
b. (𝐴 + 𝐵)3 + (𝐴 − 𝐵)3 = 8𝐵
2𝐴𝐵 + 6𝐵 = 8𝐵
2𝐵 + 6𝐵 = 8𝐵
8𝐵 = 8𝐵
𝑘 0 0 𝑘 0 0
(0 𝑘 0) ∗ (0 𝑘 0)
0 𝑘+4 0 0 𝑘+4 0
𝑘2 𝑘2 0 𝑘 0 0 0 0 0
( 𝑘2 𝑘2 0) ∗ (0 𝑘 0) = (0 0 0)
𝑘2 + 4 𝑘2 + 4 0 0 𝑘+4 0 0 0 0
0 0 𝑘+2
b. 𝐴 = ( 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘 )
𝑘+2 0 0
0 0 𝑘+2 0 0 𝑘+2
( 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘 ) ∗ ( 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘 )
𝑘+2 0 0 𝑘+2 0 0
0 0 𝑘+2
=( 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘 )
𝑘+2 0 0
0 0 0
(0 0 0)
0 0 0
𝑝 0
14. Sea 𝐴 = ( ), donde 𝑝 es un escalar e 𝑖 es la unidad imaginaria, verificar
𝑖 𝑝
que 𝐴2 = 2𝑝𝐴 − 𝑝2 𝐼, obtenga 𝐴𝑛 .
𝐴2 = 2𝑃𝐴 − 𝑃2 𝐼 = 𝐴𝑛
𝑝 0 𝑝 0 𝑝 0 1 0
𝐴=( )∗ ( ) →→ 2𝑃 ( ) − 𝑃2 ( )
𝑖 𝑝 𝑖 𝑝 𝑖 𝑝 0 1
2
(2𝑃 0 ) − (𝑃 2 0 ) →→ (𝑃2 0 ) →→ (2𝑃2 0 ) = (𝑃2 0)
2𝑃𝑖 2𝑃2 0 𝑃2 𝐼2 𝑃2 2𝑃𝑖 2𝑃2 2𝐼 𝑃2
1 2 2 1
𝐴=( ); 𝐵 = ( )
2 1 1 2
2+2 2+2 4 4 4 5
𝐶 =𝐴∗𝐵 = ( ) →→ 𝐶 = ( ) →→ 𝐶 𝑇 = ( )
4+1 2+2 5 4 4 4
∴ 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎
16. Demostrar que el producto de dos matrices simétricas es una matriz simétrica,
sii las matrices dadas son conmutativas.
𝐴𝑇 ∗ 𝐵 𝑇 = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵
(𝐴 ∗ 𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴
𝐴𝑇 ∗ 𝐵𝑇 = 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 →→ 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜
𝐵𝑇 ∗ 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 →→ 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜
𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 →→ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎
1 − 𝐴 ∗ (−𝐵) = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵
− (𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 ) = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵
−(𝐴 ∗ 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∗ 𝐵)𝑇 →→ 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎
−1
𝐴∗𝐵 =𝐵∗𝐴
𝐴𝑇 ∗ 𝐵 = 𝐵𝑇 ∗ 𝐴
ULTIMO DEBER
1. calcular los siguientes determinantes (en lo posible usar propiedades)
cos(𝑥) −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
𝐴=( )
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) cos(𝑥)
|𝐴 | = 1
3𝑎 + 𝑏 3𝑎 − 𝑏
𝐵=( )
3𝑎 − 𝑏 3𝑎 + 𝑏
|𝐵| = 12𝑎𝑏
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝐶=(−𝑎 𝑎 𝑥)
−𝑎 −𝑎 𝑥
|𝐶 | = (𝑎 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑥 ) + (−𝑎 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑥 ) + (−𝑎 ∗ −𝑎 ∗ 𝑎)
− ((−𝑎 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑎) + (−𝑎 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑥 ) + (−𝑎 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑥 ))
|𝐶 | = 𝑎 2 𝑥 − 𝑎 2 𝑥 + 𝑎 3 + 𝑎 3 + 𝑎 2 𝑥 + 𝑎 2 𝑥
|𝐶 | = 2𝑎3 + 2(𝑎2 𝑥)
|𝐶 | = 2𝑎2 (𝑎 + 𝑥)
1 cos(𝛼) cos(2𝛼)
𝐷=( cos (𝛼) cos(2𝛼) cos(3𝛼))
cos(2𝛼) cos(3𝛼) cos(4𝛼)
|𝐷 | = [(1 ∗ cos(2𝛼 ) ∗ cos(4𝛼 ) + cos(𝛼 ) ∗ cos(3𝛼 ) ∗ cos(2𝛼 ) + cos(𝛼 ) ∗ cos(3𝛼) ∗)]
− [(cos(2𝛼 ) ∗ cos(2𝛼 ) ∗ cos(2𝛼 ) + cos(3𝛼 ) ∗ cos(3𝛼 ) ∗ 1 + cos(𝛼 )
∗ cos(𝛼 ) ∗ cos(4𝛼))]
|𝐷 | = 0
2. verificar que |𝐴| es un polinomio en x y sus raíces son (-3,-2,-1,1,2).
𝑥 0 4 0 0
1 0 𝑥 0 0
𝐴= 5 𝑥+3 5 𝑥+2 𝑥−1
2 −1 2 1 𝑥−1
(3 1 3 𝑥+1 0)
𝑥 0 4 0 0
1 0 𝑥 0 0
𝐴= 5 𝑥 + 3 5 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 1 𝐶1
2 −1 2 1 𝑥−1
(3 1 3 𝑥+1 0)
𝑥−4 0 4 0 0
1−𝑥 0 𝑥 0 0
= 𝐶1 − 𝐶3 0 𝑥 + 3 5 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 1 𝐹5
0 −1 2 1 𝑥−1
( 0 1 3 𝑥 + 1 0)
𝑥−4 0 4 0 0
1−𝑥 0 𝑥 0 0
= 𝐹5 + 𝐹4 0 𝑥 + 3 5 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 1 𝐹3=𝐹3
0 −1 2 1 𝑥−1
( 0 5 5 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 1)
𝑥−4 0 4 0 0
1−𝑥 0 𝑥 0 0
− 𝐹5 0 𝑥+3 0 0 0 →
0 −1 2 1 𝑥−1
( 0 0 5 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 1)
𝑥−4 4 0 0
→ −(𝑥 + 3) ( 1 − 𝑥 𝑥 0 0 ) 𝐹4 = 𝐹4 − 𝐹3 →
0 2 1 𝑥−1
0 3 𝑥+2 𝑥−1
𝑥−4 4 0 0
→ −(𝑥 + 3) ( 1 − 𝑥 𝑥 0 0 )→
0 2 1 𝑥−1
0 3 𝑥+1 0
𝑥−4 4 0
( ) ( )
→ − 𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥 + 1 (1 − 𝑥 𝑥 0 )→
0 3 𝑥+1
𝑥−4 4
→ (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) ( ) = 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) − ((1 − 𝑥 )4) →
1−𝑥 𝑥
→ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − (4 − 4𝑥 ) →→ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4 + 4𝑥 →→ 𝑥 2 − 4 →
→ (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)
𝑥 = −3; 𝑥 = 1; 𝑥 = −1; 𝑥 = 2; 𝑥 = −2
Inversa
1 1 1
1 sea 𝐴 = (1 1 −1):
1 −1 1
a. calcular adj(A)
a.
0 −2 −2 0 −2 −2
𝑇 ( )
𝐶 = (−2 0 2 ) →→ 𝐶 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = (−2 0 2)
−2 2 0 −2 2 0
b.
1 1 1
𝐴 = (1 1 −1)
1 −1 1
|𝐴| = 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1
|𝐴| = −5
1 1 1 1 0 0 𝐹 =𝐹 −𝐹 1 1 1 1 0 0
2 2 1
𝐴 = (1 1 −1|0 1 0) 𝐹 = 𝐹 − 𝐹 (0 0 −2|−1 1 0) 𝐹3
1 −1 1 0 0 1 3 3 1
0 −2 0 −1 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 1 1 0
↔ 𝐹2 (0 −2 0 |−1 0 1) 𝐹1 = 2𝐹1 + 𝐹3 (0 −2 0 |−1 0 1) 𝐹1
0 0 −2 −1 1 0 0 0 −2 −1 1 0
2 0 0 0 1 1 𝐹1 = 1/2𝐹1 1 0 0 0 1/2 1/2
= 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 (0 −2 0 |−1 0 1) 𝐹2 = −1/2𝐹2 (0 1 0|1/2 0 −1/2)
0 0 −2 −1 1 0 𝐹3 = −1/2𝐹3 0 0 1 1/2 −1/2 0
0 −2 −2
(−2 0 2)
𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐴)
𝐴−1 = = −2 2 0
|𝐴| −4
0 1/2 1/2
−1
𝐴 = (1/2 0 −1/2)
1/2 −1/2 0
−2 1 0 2 0 0
2. dadas las matrices 𝑃 = ( 1 2 3) 𝑦 𝐽 = (0 2 1), calcule la inversa de P de
0 1 1 0 0 2
ser posible.
−2 1 0
𝑃 = 1 2 3)
(
0 1 1
|𝑃| = −4 − (1 − 6) = −5 + 6 = 1 →→ |𝑃| ≠ 0
−2 1 0 1 0 0 −2 1 0 1 0 0
( 1 2 3|0 1 0) 𝐹2 = 2𝐹2 + 𝐹1 ( 0 3 6|1 2 0) 𝐹3
0 1 10 0 1 0 1 10 0 1
−2 1 0 1 0 0
= 3𝐹3 − 𝐹2 ( 0 3 6 | 1 2 0) 𝐹2
0 0 −3 −1 −2 3
−2 1 0 1 0 0
= 𝐹2 + 2𝐹3 ( 0 3 0 |−1 −2 6) 𝐹1
0 0 −3 −1 −2 3
= 3𝐹1
−6 0 0 4 −2 −6 𝐹1 = −1/6𝐹1 1 0 0 −2/3 1/3 1
− 𝐹2 ( 0 3 0 |−1 −2 6 ) 𝐹2 = 1/3𝐹2 (0 1 0| 1/3 −2/3 2 )
0 0 −3 −1 −2 3 𝐹3 = −1/3𝐹3 0 0 1 1/3 2/3 −1
−2/3 1/3 1
−1
𝑃 = ( 1/3 −2/3 2 )
1/3 2/3 −1
2 −4 0
3. Dada la matriz 𝐴 = (2 1 1 ), calcular:
3 −2 1/3
a. hallar la Adj(A).
b. calcular lAl
a.
2 8
|𝐴 | = + (−12) + 0 − (0 + (− ) + (−4))
3 3
34 20
|𝐴 | = − +
3 3
14
|𝐴 | = −
3
c.
2 −4 0 7/3 4/3 −4
𝐴=( 2 1 1 ( )
) ; 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 (7/3 2/3 −2)
3 −2 1/3 −7 −8 10
2 −4 0 7/3 4/3 −4 14 1 0 0
(2 1 1 ) (7/3 2/3 −2) = − (0 1 0)
3 −2 1/3 3
−7 −8 10 0 0 1
14 28 8 8 14
− − −8 + 8 − 0 0
3 3 3 3 3
14 7 8 2 14
− −7 + +8 −8 + 2 + 10 = 0 − 0
3 3 3 3 3
21 14 7 12 4 8 10 14
( 3 − 3 − 3 3 − 3 + 3 −12 − 4 + 3 ) ( 0 0 −
3)
14 14
− 0 0 − 0 0
3 3
14 14 14
− − 0 = 0 − 0
3 3 3
14 14
( 0 0 −
3) ( 0 0 −
3)
𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐴)
d. 𝐴−1 = |𝐴|
7 4
3 3 −4 1 2 6
7 2 − −
3 3 −2 2 7 7
( ) 1 1 3
𝐴−1 = −7 −8 10 = − −
14 2 7 7
− 3
3 12 15
( 2 − − )
7 7
Sistema de Ecuaciones
𝑥+𝑦−𝑧 = 1
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 3
{
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −1
𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 5
1 1 −1 1 𝐹 = 𝐹 − 𝐹 1 1 −1 1
2 2 1
( 1 3 −3| 3 ) 𝐹 = 𝐹 − 𝐹 0 2 −4| 2 ) 𝐹
1(
1 −1 1 −1 3 3
0 −2 2 −2 3
𝐹4 = 𝐹4 − 𝐹1
1 5 −5 5 0 4 −6 4
1 1 −1 1
= 𝐹3 + 𝐹2 (0 2 −4|2) 𝐹3 ↔ 𝐹4
0 0 2 0
0 4 −6 4
1 1 −1 1
(0 2 −4|2) = 2𝑧 = 0 →→ 𝑧 = 0
0 4 −6 4
0 0 2 0
∴ 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒
𝜆𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
𝐴 = { 𝑥 + 𝜆𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝜆
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜆2
1 1 1
(𝜆 𝜆 1)
2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
2
𝑥= 𝜆 1 𝜆 = 𝜆 + 𝜆 + 𝜆 − (𝜆 + 𝜆 + 1) = 𝜆 + 𝜆 + 𝜆 − 𝜆 − 𝜆 − 1
𝜆 1 1 𝜆3 + 1 + 1 − (𝜆 + 𝜆 + 𝜆) 𝜆3 + 1 + 1 − 𝜆 − 𝜆 − 𝜆
(1 𝜆 1)
1 1 𝜆
−𝜆3 + 𝜆2 + 𝜆 − 1 −(𝜆2 − 1)(𝜆 + 1)
= =
𝜆2 − 3𝜆 + 2 (𝜆 − 1)2 (𝜆 + 2)
𝑆𝑖 𝜆 = 1 →→ 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑆𝑖 𝜆 = −2 →→ 𝑛𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑆𝑖 𝜆 ≠ −2 𝛾 𝜆 ≠ 1 →→ 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
(𝜆 + 1)𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
𝑥 + (𝜆 + 1)𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
𝐵=
𝑥 + 𝑦 + (𝜆 + 1)𝑧 = 1
{(𝜆 + 3)𝑥 + (2𝜆 + 4)𝑦 + (1 − 𝜆)𝑧 = 2
(𝜆 + 1) 1 1 1
1 (𝜆 + 1) 1
𝐵=( |1)
1 1 (𝜆 + 1) 1
(𝜆 + 3) (2𝜆 + 4) (1 − 𝜆 ) 2
1 1 1
1 𝜆+1 1
1 1 𝜆+1
2 2𝜆 + 4 1−𝜆
𝜆+1 1 1 )
𝑥=(
𝜆+1 1 1
1 𝜆+1 1
1 1 𝜆+1
𝜆 + 3 2𝜆 + 4 1−𝜆
(𝜆 + 1 1 1 )
𝜆2 + 2𝜆 + 1 + 1 − 𝜆 + 2𝜆 + 4 − 𝜆 − 1 − 2 − 2𝜆2 − 2𝜆 − 4𝜆 − 1
𝑥=
𝜆3 + 3𝜆2 + 3𝜆 + 1 + 1 − 𝜆 + 2𝜆 + 4 − 𝜆 − 1 − 𝜆 − 3 − 2𝜆2 − 8𝜆2 − 10𝜆 − 4
−𝜆2 − 4𝜆 − 1
𝑥=
−𝜆3 − 5𝜆2 − 6𝜆 − 3