Aproximaciones y Errores de Redondeo
Aproximaciones y Errores de Redondeo
Aproximaciones y Errores de Redondeo
a) 1011101
26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1 01 11 0 1
1x1= 1
0x2= 0
1x4= 4
1x8= 8
1x16= 16
0x32= 0
1x64= 64
93
b) 101.101
2 1 0 −1 −2 −3
1 x 2 + 0 x 2 +1 x 2 .1 x 2 +0 x 2 +1 x 2
4 +0+1.1 x ( 12 )+ 0 x ( 14 )+1 x ( 18 )
1 1
5. + 0+
2 8
5.0,625
5,625
c) 0.01101
0 −1 −2 −3 −4 −5
0 x 2 .0 x 2 + 1 x 2 +1 x 2 +0 x 2 +1 x 2
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Finalmente se tiene el resultado
−5
3. Evalúe e con el uso de dos métodos
2 3
x x
e−x =1−x+ − +…
2 3!
1 1
e−x = =
ex x x3
2
1+ x + + +…
2 3!
6.737947 x 10−3−1
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−14741.315
Estimación 2:
e−5=1−(−5 )=6
6.737947 x 10−3−6
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−88947.895
6−1
εa = x 100
6
ε a =83.333
Estimación 3:
−5 (−5 )2
e =1−(−5 ) + =18.5
2
6.737947 x 10−3−18.5
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−274464.3443
18.5−6
εa = x 100
18.5
ε a =67.56756
Estimación 4:
−5 (−5 )2 (−5 )3
e =1−(−5 ) + − =39.333
2 3!
6.737947 x 10−3−39.333
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−583653.478
39.333−18.5
εa = x 100
39.333
ε a =52.9657
Estimación 5:
6.737947 x 10−3−39.333
εt = −3
x 100
6.737947 x 10
ε t =−970149.5434
65.3749−39.333
εa = x 100
65.3749
ε a =39.8347
Estimación 6:
(−5 )5
e−5=65.3744− =91.416 5
5!
6.737947 x 10−3−91.4165
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−1356641.156
91.4165−65.3749
εa = x 100
91.4165
ε a =28.4867
Estimación 7:
(−5 )6
e−5=91.416 5+ =113.1178
6!
−3
6.737947 x 10 −113.1178
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−1678717.005
113.1178−91.4165
εa = x 100
113.1178
ε a =19.1846
Estimación 8:
(−5 )7
e−5=113.1178− =128.618 7
7!
6.737947 x 10−3−128.618 7
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−1908770.758
128.618 7−113.1178
εa = x 100
128.6187
ε a =12.0518
Estimación 9:
(−5 )8
e−5=128.618 7+ =138.3068
8!
6.737947 x 10−3−138.3068
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−2052554.911
138.3068−128.618 7
εa = x 100
138.3068
ε a =7.004
Estimación 10:
(−5 )9
e−5=138.3068− =143.689
9!
6.737947 x 10−3−143.689
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−2132433.842
143.689−138.3068
εa = x 100
143.689
ε a =3.7457
Estimación 11:
(−5 )10
e−5=143.689+ =146.38
10!
6.737947 x 10−3−146.38
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−2172371.823
146.38−143.689
εa = x 100
146.38
ε a =1.8383
Estimación 12:
(−5 )11
e−5=146.38− =147.603
11 !
−3
6.737947 x 10 −147.603
εt = −3
x 100
6.737947 x 10
ε t =−2190522.752
147.603−146.38
εa = x 100
147.603
ε a =0.8285
Estimación 13:
(−5 )12
e−5=147.603+ =148.1126
12!
−3
6.737947 x 10 −148.1126
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−2198085.887
148.1126−147.603
εa = x 100
1148.1126
ε a =0.3440
Estimación 14:
(−5 )13
e−5=148.1126− =148.3086
13!
−3
6.737947 x 10 −148.3086
εt = −3
x 100
6.737947 x 10
ε t =−2200994.785
148.3086−148.1126
εa = x 100
1148.1126
ε a =0.1321
Estimación 15:
−5 (−5 )14
e =148.3086+ =148.3786
14 !
6.737947 x 10−3−148.3786
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−
148.3786−148.3086
εa = x 100
148.3786
ε a =0.0471
Estimación 16:
−5 (−5 )15
e =148.3786− =148.4019
15 !
6.737947 x 10−3−148.4019
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−2202379.479
148.4019−148.3786
εa = x 100
148.4019
ε a =0.0157
Estimación 17:
(−5 )16
e−5=148.4019+ =148.409
16 !
6.737947 x 10−3−148.409
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−2202.484
148.409−148.4019
εa = x 100
148.409
ε a =4.784 x 10−3
Estimación 18:
−5 (−5 )17
e =148.409− =148.4111
17 !
−3
6.737947 x 10 −148.4111
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−2202516.019
148.4111−148.409
εa = x 100
148.4111
ε a =1.4149 x 10−3
Estimación 19:
−5 (−5 )18
e =148.4111+ =148.411
18 !
6.737947 x 10−3−148.411
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−2202514.535
148.411−148.4111
εa = x 100
148.411
−5
ε a =6.738 x 10
Estimación 20:
(−5 )19
e−5=148.411+ =148.411
19 !
6.737947 x 10−3−148.411
εt = x 100
6.737947 x 10−3
ε t =−2202514.535
148.411−148.411
εa = x 100
148.411
ε a =0
1
f (x) =
4. 2 2
(1−3 x )
X=0,577
1
f (x) = 2 2
(1−3 ( 0,577 ) )
1
f (x) = 2
(1−0,998787)
Usando 3 dígitos:
1
f (x) =
(1−0,99)2
1
f (x) =
0,0001
Usando 3 dígitos:
1
f (x) =
0,00
1
f (x) =
0
1
f (x) =
0,00000169
Usando 4 dígitos:
1
f (x) =
0,00 0
1
f (x) =
0
El lector llegaría a esto lo cual es una inconsistencia ya que no existe un
número que multiplicado por cero nos de 1
5.
3 2
a) y= x −7 x + 8 x +0.35
2 3 2
S2= S1 – 7 x S2= 1.37 7(1.37)
3
S3=S2 +8 x S2= 1.37 (4,10)
3
S4=S3 +0,35 S3= 1.37 (4,10)
+¿ 8(1,37)
3
S3= 1.37
(0,162)
(S 4−Y )
%ERROR= x 100 S4= 0,766
Y
(0,766−0,743)
%ERROR= x 100
0,766
%ERROR= 0,031
b) y= [ ( x−7 ) x+ 8 ] x +0.35
2
FORMULA: S4= 1.37 (0,162)
(1,37)
(S 5−Y )
%ERROR= x 100 S4= 1.373 (0,162)
Y
(0,766−0,743)
%ERROR= x 100 S5= 0,766
0,766
%ERROR= 0,031
Teniendo en cuenta:
7.
2
Y = x −5000,002 x +40
S3= −15579
FORMULA:
(S 3−Y )
%ERROR= x 100
Y
(−15579−(−15580))
%ERROR= x 100
−15580
%ERROR= 0,008
S3= −15628
FORMULA:
(S 3−Y )
%ERROR= x 100
Y
(−15628−(−15580))
%ERROR= x 100
−15580
%ERROR= 0,014
La diferencia de
0.015625
=0.25
0.0625