LEVEL 1 Bachelor Student's Book

University of Cauca
Language Education Program
BACHELOR’S DEGREE PROGRAMS
PFI
English I
Student’s Textbook
PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN EN IDIOMAS - FICHAS DE VOCABULARIO
Traducido y adaptado del libro de Paul Nation “What do you need to know to learn a
foreign language?”
Cómo usar fichas de vocabulario: la estrategia de aprendizaje de vocabulario consciente

más importante es el aprendizaje por medio de fichas de vocabulario bilingües. Las fichas de
vocabulario son pequeñas fichas de 6 cm x 4 cm que tienen una palabra o una frase del
idioma extranjero en un lado y la traducción en el idioma nativo de esta palabra o frase en el
otro lado. Cada estudiante hace su propio conjunto de fichas. Instrucciones para los
estudiantes:
1. Escriba en fichas de vocabulario las palabras que necesite aprender que se trabajan
en la clase de inglés y el vocabulario de los libros de lectura por niveles que se
asignan en el semestre.
2. Escriba la palabra en la pequeña ficha con su pronunciación en un lado y su

traducción en el otro lado. Esto ayuda a que usted recuerde la palabra después del primer
encuentro. Cada vez que usted recuerda la palabra se fortalece la conexión entre la forma y
el significado de la palabra. Si usted escribe la palabra en el idioma extranjero y al frente su
traducción no hay fortalecimiento de esta conexión.
6cm
Bump
/ bʌmp/ 4 cm
Chichón
E.g. The man has a

bump on the back of
his head.
3. Repase las palabras tratando de recordar la traducción del otro lado. No voltee la
ficha demasiado rápido cuando no recuerde la traducción de la palabra. Usted debe tratar de
recordarla sin mirar la traducción por unos instantes. Si no recuerda la traducción, voltee la
ficha para ver la traducción. Después de mirar la palabra y su traducción ponga la ficha en
medio del conjunto de fichas para que la vuelva a repasar rápido de nuevo.
4. Al comienzo, empiece con pequeños conjuntos de fichas –alrededor de 15 o 20

palabras. Las palabras difíciles deben estudiarse en pequeños grupos para que haya mayor
repetición y procesamiento más profundo. A medida que el aprendizaje se vuelva más fácil,
incremente el número de fichas –más de 50 palabras en un conjunto de fichas parece ser
inmanejable porque se hace difícil mantener las fichas juntas y estudiarlas todas a la vez.
Mantenga grupos pequeños de fichas en su bolso, maletín, bolsillo para estudiarlas cada vez
que usted tenga unos minutos libres.
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5. Espacie las repeticiones. La mejor forma de estudiar las fichas es repasarlas unos pocos
minutos después de haberlas escrito, luego se deben estudiar una hora después, luego al
siguiente día, luego dos días después, luego una semana más tarde y finalmente un par de
semanas después. Esta repetición espaciada es mucho más efectiva que repeticiones
masivas juntas en una hora de estudio. La cantidad de tiempo invertido en el estudio de las
palabras puede ser el mismo pero los resultados son diferentes. Las repeticiones espaciadas
dan como resultado un aprendizaje de larga duración.
6. Use técnicas de procesamiento profundo con las palabras que son difíciles de
aprender como la técnica de la palabra clave. Piense la palabra en contextos
situacionales. Divida la palabra en partes, si es posible. Entre más asociaciones usted pueda
hacer con la palabra, mejor la recordará.
7. Asegúrese que las palabras de escritura parecida o de significado parecido no estén

juntas en el mismo conjunto de fichas. Esto significa que los días de la semana no se
deben aprender juntos. Lo mismo aplica para los meses del año, sinónimos, números,
antónimos, nombres de prendas de vestir, frutas, partes del cuerpo, cosas en la cocina, etc.
Estas palabras interfieren unas con otras y hacen que el aprendizaje de vocabulario sea
mucho más difícil.
8. Continúe cambiando el orden de las palabras en su conjunto de fichas. Esto evitará

que se aprenda el significado de una palabra por la cercanía a otra palabra en el conjunto de
fichas.
9. Diga la palabra en voz alta. Esto ayuda a que la forma de la palabra entre en la memoria
de largo plazo.
10. Escriba frases u oraciones que contengan las palabras de las fichas cuando esto
sea necesario. Esto se aplica particularmente a los verbos. Algunas palabras se aprenden
mejor en frases o en imágenes mentales.
Nation, I.S.P. (2014). What do you need to know to learn a foreign language? New Zealand:
Victoria University of Wellington.
3
UNIT 1: FRIENDS
CLASSROOM VOCABUALRY
FRASES Y ORACIONES DE USO EN EL

SALÓN DE CLASE
Students:
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Excuse me…
What is your name?
Say that again please?
How do I say “Compañero” in English?
Can you help me?
How do you spell “clase”?
I don’t know. I don’t understand.
Teacher:
Move into pairs.
Move into groups of four.

Quiet, please.
FRASES Y ORACIONES PARA

CONTROLAR AL HABLANTE
Please speak slowly.
Please speak more slowly.
I don’t understand.
Repeat please.
Can you repeat that please?
Once more please.
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NAMES
In many cultures, it is common to have three names.
Example: Brad Robert Pitt
Brad is the first name or Christian name

Robert is the middle name
Pitt is the last name, surname or family name
Nicknames are also often used when introducing yourself in a casual setting. Nicknames
can be shorter forms of first names, e.g. Bradley / Brad, Cynthia / Cindy, Michael / Mike.
FORMAL GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS

When introducing yourself and others in a formal situation, use your first
and last name.
Introducing yourself: Introducing others: Responses:
Hello, My name is John Miller, please Nice to meet you

………….. meet Nicolas Smith (too).
Let me introduce myself, I’d like you to meet Emily Please to meet you
My name is ………… Harrington (too).
I’d like to introduce I’d like to introduce you Glad to meet you
myself, My name is to Justin Ledger. (too).
…………
'Excuse me. Are you...?
INFORMAL GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS

When introducing yourself and others in an informal situation, use your first name.
Introducing yourself: Introducing others: Responses:
Hi, I’m …………………….. Jack, This is Nick. It’s great to meet

you (too).
Hello, I’m ……………… This is my good friend It’s nice to meet you
Are you ………? Emily (too).
My name is ……… How are you?
What’s your name? Kim, this is Anna. How’s it going?
Anna, this is Kim
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INTENSIVE READING
Good morning, I am Susan Meyers, I am a reporter at Central News and today I am making
a report on immigrants, today’s guests are two immigrants from China, they are Jane Lee,
and Peter Lee, they are students at the Community College, she is 19 years old and he is
20. They are students but they are not workers. They live in an apartment downtown.
Susan: Where are you from?

Peter: We are from the Guanddong Province
Susan: Are you happy in America?
Dorothy: Yes, we are, we enjoy living here.
Susan: Dorothy, Is your real name Yang Lee?
Dorothy: No, it’s not, it is Dai-xia, and it means summer.
Susan: Thank you very much
They are two Chinese people living the American Dream. This is Susan Meyers reporting
from the Community College, and tomorrow we will have more guests in “living in America”,
see you then!
Exercise: True or False
1. Susan Meyers is a teacher at the Community College ________

2. They are from Vietnam ________
3. Peter is a student at Harvard ________
4. Dorothy is 25 years old ________
5. They live in the suburbs ________
6. Dorothy is a fake name ________
7. They are not happy in America ________
8. Peter is 20 years old ________
9. Guanddong is a Province in Japan ________
10. Dai-xia means love ________
Continue the interview a little bit more. Add your own information.
Susan: Where are your parents?

Peter: ____________________________________________________________
Susan: ___________________________________________________________
Dorothy: My favorite food here are the hot dogs.
Susan: Are you single, Dorothy?
Dorothy: ____________________________________________________________
Susan: Thank you very much
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VERB “TO BE” CONJUGATION
Affirmative Sentences
Subject Verb Complement Pronoun Verb Contractions
My name is John I am I’m
I am 17 years old You are You’re
My father’s name Is Jorge He is He’s
My sister Is Fourteen She is She’s
They Are Students It is It’s
We are We’re
You are You’re
They are They’re
Negative Sentences
Subjec verb + Compleme Pron. Verb + Contractions
t not nt not
I am not a good I am not I’m not
player You are not You’re not You aren’t
I ’m not short He is not He’s not He isn’t
She is not She’s not She isn’t
It is not It’s not It isn’t
We are not We’re not We aren’t
You are not You’re not You aren’t
They are not They’re They
not aren’t
Yes/No Question
Verb Subject Complement Verb Subject Complement
Am I your friend?
Are you a good player? Are you a good English student?
Is he your husband?
Is she a good student?
Is it here?
Are we in the museum?
Are you at the university?
Are they married?
WH-Questions
WH-word Verb Subject WH word Verb Subject
What is your favorite Where am I?
What kind of are you?
sport?
person
How many chairs are there?
Who is he?
When is it?
What color is it?
How tall are we?
Why are you
here?
How old are they?
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VERB “TO BE” EXERCISES
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb TO BE
1. I ________ an English student. 6. The car _______black.

2. How old ______ you? 7. They ________ angry.
3. We _______ singers. 8. My sisters _______ happy.
4. _______ she a teacher? 9. ______they my siblings?
5. They ________ my parents. 10. What _______ your name?
II. Correct each one of the following sentences.
1. My father and mother is teachers. ___________________________________________

2. Is your parents 45 years old? _______________________________________________
3. I are a good student. _____________________________________________________
4. Juan and Nancy is my siblings. _____________________________________________
5. What are your name? ____________________________________________________
III. Exercises:
1. Which word completes 2. In which sentence can you 3. Which question is

the sentence? write is? NOT correct?
- You ____ very a. ____ you a doctor? a. You are a manager?
hungry! b. This ____ my mother. b. Where is your house?
c.____ your parents here? c. How old are you?
4. Which sentence is 5. Which is the correct answer 6. Complete:

correct? to this question? _________it cold
a. I’m no a student, I’m a Are you thirsty? outside?
teacher. a. No, I not.
b. Maria’s not in the b. Yes, I’m.
kitchen. c. No, I’m not.
c. He not my dad, he’s my
husband!
7. Complete: 8. Complete: 9. Complete:
Where _________you? Sorry, but we _________ free That _________ my sister,
on Friday. We're busy.? it’s my mum!

My parents are not rich, but My sister and I ________ twins. That ________ a really
my aunt ________. good movie!

His tests ________ very ________ he Mexican? These _________ my
difficult. friends.
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Mary’s family
Mary is ten years old. She is from London. Her hair is long and brown.
She has got brown eyes. She has got a cat and a dog. Their names
are Pat and Fluffy. Pat, the dog has got a small house in the garden.
Mary’s cat, Fluffy is 3 years old. Mary’s mother is Jane. She is a teacher.
She’s thirty-six years old. Her husband is Nick. He is thirty-eight. He’s a
bus driver. He has got brown hair and blue eyes. Jane’s hair is blonde
and her eyes are brown. They have got three children Mary, Sean and
Peter. Sean is six and Peter is twelve years old. The children are pupils.
Sean’s hair is blonde, Peter’s hair is brown. The boys have got blue eyes. Jane hasn’t
got a pet. She has a friend. Her name is Laura. Nick has got a horse. Its name is
Lightning. Nick’s friends are bus drivers. They are Tom, Charles and John. Peter’s pet is a
hamster. Its name is Tiny. She is so small. Sean has got a goldfish. Its name’s Goldie.
Peter and Sean have got four friends. Peter’s friends are James and Doug. Brian and
Adam are Sean’s friends. Mary’s friends are Maggie and April.
Task - True or false. Put a tick into the correct place.
True False
1) Mary has got a spider.
2) Mary’s mother is 38 years old.
3) Nick is Sean’s father.
4) Sean has got a sister.
5) Mary has got two brothers.
6) The children have got four friends.
7) Tiny is a horse.
8) John is a bus driver.
9) Tom is Peter’s friend.
10)Fluffy is a cat.
Task - Write answers to the following questions.
1) How many pets has the family got? __________________________________________________

2) Has the family got a garden? _______________________________________________________
3) Where is the family from? _________________________________________________________
4) Who is the daughter in the family? __________________________________________________
5) How many friends has the family got? _______________________________________________
6) Who has got a fish? ______________________________________________________________
7) Who has got blonde hair? _________________________________________________________
8) Who is Peter? ___________________________________________________________________
9) Who has got blue eyes? ___________________________________________________________
10) Who is Doug? __________________________________________________________________
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HAVE GOT
Form:
Have Have got
I have I’ve got

You have You’ve got
She has He’s got
He has She’s got
We have We’ve got
* The contracted form of “have” is not *Usually the contracted

usually used for “have” by itself form of “have” is used for
“have got”
Negative:
I don’t have I haven’t got

You don’t have You haven’t got
She doesn’t have She hasn’t got
He doesn’t have He hasn’t got
We don’t have We haven’t got
Incorrect: I don’t have got

He doesn’t have got
Questions:
Do you have …? Have you got …?

Does she have …? Has she got …?
Incorrect: Do you have got …?

Does she have got …?
In spoken and informal written English, have got can be used instead of have in four
situations. You can use have got to talk about:
 Have got is ONLY used in the present simple tense. It CANNOT be used in any other
tense:
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1. Things we own or 2. Family and 3. People and 4. Illness or saying
possess relationships physical that you don’t feel
characteristics well
We have a house in have a new Carol has brown eyes. I have a bad cold.
Vancouver. boyfriend. Carol’s got brown I’ve got a bad cold.
We’ve got a house in I’ve got a new eyes.
Vancouver. boyfriend. She doesn’t have a
He doesn’t have blond headache anymore.
She doesn’t have any Mike doesn’t have hair. She hasn’t got a
money. any brothers. He hasn’t got blond headache anymore.
She hasn’t got any Mike hasn’t got hair.
money. any brothers. Do you have the flu?
Does your sister have Have you got the flu?
He has a new car! Do you have any long hair?
He’s got a new car! children? Has your sister got
Have you got any long hair?
I have an idea! children?
I’ve got an idea!
EXERCISES
Put in have got or has got into the gaps. Put have and got or has and got into the
gaps.
1. I ____________________ a nice room. 1. _____________ you _____ a favourite

singer?
2. Jack __________________ a new bike.
2. _____________ he _____ a blue car?
3. The sisters _________________ great 3. _____________ your parents ______ a
teachers. stamp collection?
4. Emma _______________________ lots 4. _____________ your teacher _____ a
computer in his room?
of friends. 5. Where _____________ you _____ your
5. We ___________________ a problem. headphones?
6. When _____________ he _____ classes?
6. Joe and Philip _____________a sisiter. 7. Why __________ you ______ so much
7. My uncle ___________________ two money?
cars.
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LISTENING EXERCISES
Pronunciation: The Alphabet
2. Listening comprehension. Circle the letter you hear:
1. A-K
2. B-E
3. M-N
4. U-O
5. B-Z
6. Z–C
7. F-X
8. X-S
9. B-V
10. J-G
11. L-N
12. K-J
13. D-G
14. H-K
15. A–E
3. Listening comprehension. Listen. Circle the correct spelling.
1. Green Greene Grin

2. Leigh Lee Li
3. Katharine Katherine Catherine
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4. Listening: Famous people
Listen and write down the letters you hear. What famous names do the letters spell?
1. ____________________________________ (a popular film)

2. ____________________________________ (a film star)
3. _____________________________________ (a boy in a cartoon)
4. _____________________________________ (a tennis player)
5. _____________________________________ (a football player)
6. ______________________________________ (an actress)
7. ______________________________________ (a film director)
5. LISTENING: MARIA’S FRIENDS
Listening to Maria asking four teenagers about their best friends. Complete the information.
1. MATT: Best friend is __________________________________

How old is he?_________________________________
What do they do together?________________________
2. ELENA: Best friend is __________________________________________

When do they meet?_____________________________________
3. KELLY- ANNE: Best friend is____________________________________

Why is she special? _______________________________
How old is Kelly-Anne?____________________________
4. TOM: Best friend is____________________________________________

Where do they go together?________________________________
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Listen, answer and write short answers to Maria’s questions.
1. What’s your best friend called? _______________________________________

2. Can you spell that ? _______________________________________________
3. How old is she or he? ______________________________________________
4. When do you meet? _______________________________________________
5. Where do you go together? _________________________________________
6. What do you do together? __________________________________________
7. Why is your friend special? _________________________________________
ASKING ANSWERING
Ok… Well…
Right… That’s easy…
So… That’s difficult…
And… That’s right…
13
DICTOGLOSS
1. Listen to the teacher talk about Tom’s friends (The teacher makes a short introduction of
the text)
2. Move into groups of four.
3. Listen for meaning: Listen to the whole text.
4. Listen and take notes: Take notes listening key words.
5. Work in groups to reconstruct an approximation of the text from notes (one student acts as
the writer)
6. Compare the reconstructed text and the original. Notice the type of errors that got in the
way of understanding the text.
7. Classify your errors using the following list.
What problems did you have?
a. I couldn’t hear which sound it was.

b. I couldn’t separate the sounds into words.
c. I heard the words but I couldn’t remember their meaning quickly enough.
d. There were some new words for me.
e. I heard and understood the words but not the meaning of that part of the sentence.
f. Other problems.
14
15
PERSONALITY ADJECTIVES
I. Write the words that correspond to each definition.
shy furious selfish honest miserable extrovert

sensible curious confident
1. A person who is reasonable and practical

2. A person who doesn’t tell lies or cheat people
3. A person who thinks only about himself
4. A person who is nervous in the company of others.
5. A person who likes to spend time in activities with other people
than being alone
6. A person who wants to find out about something
7. A person who is extremely angry
8. Someone who is extremely unhappy
9. Someone who strongly believes in his own
II Choose and write some personality adjectives which you think best describe the
character of a good friend and a good student.
A good friend IS
faithful stubborn sensitive shy cheerful
____________________________
extrovert selfish honest modest upset rude
____________________________ reliable sincere pretty generous flexible brave
_____________________________
_________________________________________
A good student IS lazy polite hard-working

_________________________________ sensible nervous honest
curious confident stupid
_________________________________
inventive talkative loyal
_________________________________ intelligent ambitious modest
______________________________________________
tense patient
______________________________________________
III Now explain your choice.
IV What prefix forms the opposite of each of these words? (You need 4 different
prefixes.)
1. Honest ______________ 8. Active ______________

2. Reliable _____________ 9. Selfish _____________
3. Patient ______________ 10. Kind ______________
4. Intelligent __________ 11. Sincere ___________
5. Sensitive ____________ 12. Happy _____________
6. Polite ________________ 13. Lucky _____________
7. Modest _____________ 14. Loyal ______________
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LISTENING AND SPEAKING – QUESTIONNAIRE
 Pair work. Look at the questionnaire, ask questions to complete your questionnaire about
your partner. You can ask for difficult words to be spelled.
 Tell the class about your partner, using your questionnaire to help you.
Name:
Last name:
From:
Age:
Address:
Favorite music:
Favorite place(s):
Best friend?
Pet?
Listening Exercises: The alphabet
1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION. Listen to the conversations. Write the names.
1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3._______________
2. Listen to the recording and write the CORRECT spelling for each name.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Denice Nique Ana Ebon Aike Manddi
3. LISTENING COMPREHENSION. Listen. Circle the correct spelling. Then spell each name
aloud.
1. Smith Smyth Smythe

2. Karen Caren Caryn
3. Bill Gates Gil Bates Phil Tates
WRITING WITH FEEDBACK
Write about your best friend.

Who is your best friend? What is your best friend like? Why is your best
friend so special? How old is he/she? What do you do together? Where do
you go together?
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INTEGRATED SKILLS ACTIVITY
ARE YOU A GOOD FRIEND?
LISTENING: Laura asks Mike some questions about friendship to complete a survey. Choose the
answer that Laura writes for each question of the friend’s survey.
1. How many friends do you prefer to have? 2. When was the last time you forgot a
a. one or two friend's birthday?
b. three to five a. I never have
c. about 10 b. this year
d. as many as possible c. once many years ago
d. I do it quite often
3. Have you ever called a friend of yours at three 4. Do your friends search for you when they
o'clock in the morning just to chat? want...
a. never a. cheering up
b. once or twice b. some good advice
c. quite often c. someone to listen to them
d. night time is for sleeping
5. How often do you think about your friends?

a. throughout the day
b. every day
c. rarely
d. only when you need them
e. Laura doesn’t put an answer
2. SPEAKING:
Walk around the classroom and ask your friends the same questions Laura asked Mike as a
survey. (At least 8 students)
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Student 1
Student 2
Student 3
Student 4
Student 5
Student 6
Student 7
Student 8
TEN-MINUTES WRITING
WRITING:
Who is the most important person in your life? They can be a family member or a friend.
18
UNIT 2: SHOPPING
INTENSIVE READING
A. Read the text and look for the unknown vocabulary, pay special attention to the
words in bold.
.
When you go shopping, if something costs a lot of money then it
is expensive. But if it is on sale then it is usually cheap. I like to
buy some clothes for special occasions but I don’t like to spend
any extra money in accessories. When you pay for something, if
you have enough money in your pocket you can pay with cash. If
you don’t, you can put it on your credit card or write a check. I
usually pay with cash but right now I don’t have any money with
me, so I have to ask my mother to lend me some money to go
shopping. Sometimes it is nice to get a discount. It’s also nice to get a good service. In
restaurants, for example, when the service isn’t good, then you don’t have to leave a tip. In
some countries, when you go shopping you also have to pay a tax. I really like to shop when I
have the opportunity and I prefer to go with some of my friends than by myself, so they can
give me opinions about the clothes I want to buy and If there isn’t any nice clothes for me
they can tell me too.
B. Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1. When is something expensive?

2. What does the woman doesn’t like to buy?
3. How can you pay?
4. What is a tip?
5. Why does the woman like to go shopping with friends?
19
LISTENING AND READING
Read and Listen to the following conversation.

Write the missing numbers.
Kevin: Good morning. Swimshop, Kevin speaking. How can I help you?
Sally: Hello. I’ve got your catalogue here and I’d like some information. Can
you give me some prices?
Kevin: Of course. Please tell me the page number you’re looking at.
Sally: OK. The first thing is on page (1) _____ and it’s the Maru swimming
costume, the blue and green one.
Kevin: OK, the small and medium sizes are £22.65 and the large one is
(2) £ _____.
Sally: Right. I’d like to order that, please, size small.
Kevin: Fine. Have you got any more things to order?
Sally: Yes, I’d like some pool shoes for water sports. They’re on page
(3) _______. How much are the blue and yellow ones?
Kevin: Well, they were £ 16.50 but they’re in the sale now and they’re only
(4) £ ____. But we don’t have any left in small sizes. What shoe size
are you?
Sally: I’m a (5) _______.
Kevin: Let me check. Yes, we’ve got a pair in that size.
Sally: Great. Well, that’s all I need. My name and address is …
20
GRAMMAR SOME / ANY
A. Look at the following sentences.

1. I’d like some pool shoes. 2. I’d like some information.
3. Have you got any more things to order? 4. We don’t have any left in small
sizes.
5. Can you give me some prices?
Complete rules a – e with some or any and match them to 1 – 5.
a. We use __some_____ with uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences. 22

b. We always use _________ in negative sentences. 2
c. We use __________ with countable nouns in affirmative sentences.

d. We use _________ for a request. 2
e. We usually use __________ in questions. 2
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with some or any.
1. I can’t find __any__ sunglasses I like here.

2. There are _______ nice jackets in the shops at the moment.
3. Are there _________ yellow surfing T-shirts in the sale?
4. I want to buy _______ trainers, please.
5. Mom, can you lend me ________ money?
6. There’s _______ great make-up in this advertisement.
7. Has that website got __________ special prices?
8. Why don’t we buy ________ new DVDs?
9. There isn’t _________ bread left – can you get __________ in town?
10. Let’s buy ___________ new glasses.
21
Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with some or any.
1. I’d like _some_ tennis balls, please. 2. There aren’t _______ DVDs to borrow.
3. Have you got ________ shops near your flat? 4. Can I buy _________ apples?
5. I want _________ lemon shampoo. 6. Is there ________ juice left?
7. We’ve got _________ small sizes in the sale. 8. Do you get _____ emails advertising
things?
Exercise 3. Look at the two pictures of a market and find the differences. Use some or
any to complete the sentences about picture B.
1. They’ve got ________ onions.

2. They’ve got _______ ________ from Spain.
3. There are _____ ________.
4. There aren’t _________ carrots.
5. They ________ _________ _____ apples.
6. They’ve got ________ large ___________ but
they haven’t got ________ small ones.
7. They haven’t got _________ _________ left.
SOME
* We use some with countable and uncountable nouns in affirmative

sentences.
I’ve got some toothpaste.
That shop has got some new computer games for sale.
* We use some for a request. Can I look at some trainers?
ANY
* We always use any in negative sentences.

We don’t sell any newspapers.
* We usually use any in questions.
Have you got any city maps?
22
READING (KET EXERCISE)
Part 1 is a matching task. There are five questions and an example question. You must
choose the correct answer from eight notices (A-H).
ADVICE
Look at the eight notices first to see what the topics are.
Read the example and its notice.
Read each sentence carefully and underline the key words.
Look for notices that have similar language.
Don’t just match a Word or number in the sentence and notice – this may not be the
right answer.
Questions 1-5 - Which notice (A-H) says this (1-5)? For questions 1-5, mark the correct
letter A-H.
Example:
0 Do not leave any suitcases on the Answer: D
floor.
1. It is possible to swim later in the

evening now.
2. This is cheaper because it isn’t new.
3. All our prices are lower for a short

time.
4. You can pay for your journey in a

different way if necessary.
5. If you are 15 or younger, you may win

some money.
1 A B C D E F G H
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
2 A B C D E F G H
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
3 A B C D E F G H
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
4 A B C D E F G H
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
5 A B C D E F G H
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
23
PRONUNCIATION
LISTEN AND REPEAT.

1. Underline the letters that make the sounds
/ɑː/, /eɪ/, /æ/.
/ɑː/ /eɪ/ /æ/
car whale apple
supermarket sale map
artist PlayStation carrot
department email advert
store
2. Look at exercise 1 again and find more words for the three lists. Say them first, and
then write them down.
/ɑː/ /eɪ/ /æ/
24
SPELLING PLURALS
Countable nouns usually have different singular and plural forms, Example: car, cars.
With uncountable nouns, there is only one form of the word. Example: toothpaste.
 To make a plural, we usually add –s:

One book some books
 When the noun ends in –sh, -ch, -ss, -s or –x, we add –es:
dish dishes sandwich sandwiches
glass glasses bus buses
box boxes
 When the noun ends in –o after a consonant, we also add –es:

tomato tomatoes potato potatoes
 When the noun ends in –y after a vowel, we add –s:

toy toys
 When the noun ends in –y after a consonant, we change y to i and add –es:
story stories
 Some nouns have irregular plurals, for example:

woman women
child children
fish fish
foot feet
ACTIVITY – PICTURE PUZZLE

Look at the pictures. Write the singular and plural forms of the word under each picture.
25
TIC TAC TOE
singular / plural
Panty T-shirt purse Earring blouse watch
Tie jeans sunglasses Jacket trousers boot
Dress shoe scarf Glove sock suit
Belt hat vest Car Boy Hero
swimsuit sweater coat Child knife City
briefcase cap necklace Cup Foot Box
Mouse Dress Rose Garage Lamp Potato
Goose Man Lady Leaf Tooth Wife
Day Ox Sandwich Park Hat Child
26
LISTENING EXERCISE
You will hear five short conversations. You will hear each conversation twice. There is one
question for each conversation. For each question choose the right answer A, B or C.
27
VOCABULARY
1. Name the things in the photos. Where can you buy them? Bookshop (bookstore)
Match each group of things to a place in the box. chemist (drugstore, pharmacy)
department store
market
newsagent (newsstand)
2. What else can you

buy in each place?
Make lists.
BOOKSHOP CHEMIST Department Store MARKET NEWSAGENT
28
GRAMMAR
1. How much shopping do you

do? Answer these questions.
a. How much chocolate do
you buy every week?
b. How many magazines do
you get each month?
c. How much money do you
spend on sweets (candies)?
d. How many CDs do you
have?
e. How many t-shirts did you
buy last summer?
2. Ask and answer questions

using How much…? or How
many…? with these nouns.
books DVDs make-up

shampoo clothes shoes
toothpaste
Choose the correct Word A, B, or C.

1. How …… chocolate do you eat?
A. many B. much C. more
2. Is there ……. people at the party?
A. much B. many C. most
3. How ……. tomatoes will he buy?
4. How ………. rice is there?

A. more B. many C. much
5. How ……. money do you have?

6. How …… paper do you need?

A. much B. many C. most
7. How ……. Markers are there?

29
WRITING: INFORMATION TRANSFER
Watch the video sequence Who likes shopping? and take notes. Then, write about it.
Notes:
Now write about Martine, Jamie and shopping.
30
1. People are shopping. Listen and number the pictures.
2. WEEKEND SALE – Close the book. Listen to a commercial for Dave’s Discount
Store, and take notes to answer the questions.
a. How much are the leather pants? _______ b. How much are the wool pants? _________
c. How much is the silk shirt? ________ d. How much is the cotton shirt? ___________
e. How much is the laptop computer? _____ f. How much is the desktop computer? ______
3. Read and listen to the commercial for Dave’s Discount Store.
Announcer Come in to Dave’s today! Everything is on sale – for one day only. Here are some of our terrific sale
prices. First, in the clothing department, we have great sales on both men’s and women’s pants. We have
leather pants for only $90. That’s right! All our stylish leather pants are only $90. And wool pants are on sale for
$50. Just $50 for wool pants. Amazing! But that’s not all. Every style and color of shirt is on sale. Designer silk
shirts are now only $40. Again, that’s $40 for a silk shirt. And cotton shirts are on sale for just $18. Unbelievable!
Finally, in the electronics department, we have a great selection of computers. We have laptop computers for
only $1,015. And we have desktop computers for $830. A complete computer system for only $830. What a
deal! Remember, these prices are for today only, so come in and save at our one-day sale. Get everything you
need … at Dave’s!.
4. Practice in pairs. Create a conversation. Choose things from Dave’s Discount store.
Example:
Salesclerk: Welcome to Dave’s. Can I help you?
Customer: Yes, thank you. How much are the ………. pants?
Salesclerk: They are $............
Customer: And, hoy much are the …….. pants?
Salesclerk: They are $............
Customer: Oh, and how much is this ………. shirt?
Salesclerk: This …… shirt is $.........
31
INTEGRATED SKILLS ACTIVITY
1. LISTENING: Listen to the following conversation about buying clothes and write T for true
and F for false:
1. The woman wants to buy a gray suit. 4. The sales assistant thinks the blouse is
cheap.
2. The woman does not like the purple blouse. 5. The woman decides to pay by credit card.
3. The woman tries on a medium sized, dark blue
blouse.
2. READING & LISTENING:

Listen to the conversation and check your answer of the previous exercise. Then, read the
conversation with a partner.
A: Hello. Can I help you?

B: Yes, please. I’m looking for a blouse to match with a gray suit. It’s for a job interview.
A: Let me show you a few. How about this purple one?
B: Oh, I don’t think so. It’s too fancy for me.
A: Well, it comes in other colors, too.
B: Actually, I prefer this one. Do you have it in light blue?
A: Just a minute. What size are you?
B: Medium.
A: Here you are.
B: It’s beautiful. Can I try it on?
A: Certainly. The fitting rooms are over there.
B: So, how do you like it?
A: It’s a really nice blouse and it fits me very well. How much is it?
B: It’s on sale. 20% discount. It’s only $79.95.
A: Well…
B: Would you like to pay in cash or by credit card?
A: I’m afraid, it’s still too expensive. Thank you, anyway.
B: You’re welcome.
3. WRITING: Work with a partner. Create your own clothes shop conversation between a shop
assistant (SA) and a customer (C).
A: _______________________________________________________________________
B: ________________________________________________________________________
A: _______________________________________________________________________
B: ________________________________________________________________________
A:_______________________________________________________________________
B: ________________________________________________________________________
A: _______________________________________________________________________
B: ________________________________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________________________
B: ________________________________________________________________________
D. SPEAKING: Present your conversation to the class.
10 MINUTE WRITING: Do you like shopping? Why? Why not?

32
UNIT 3: THE PRESENT
INTENSIVE READING
Read the text below about a festival in Spain.
Antonio Lives in the city of Valencia in Spain. Every year he goes to La Tomatina Festival in
Buñol, a town near Valencia. The festival is on the last Wednesday in August, when everyone
comes into the main square to throw tomatoes at each other.
Before the fun begins, people cover the shop windows with plastic. Antonio always wears his
oldest clothes so he doesn’t get his best clothes dirty. He also always puts his camera in a
plastic bag to keep it clean. In the mornings trucks arrive in the main square, the Plaza del
Pueblo, bringing more than 100,000 kilos of tomatoes. The fight begins at 11 o’clock and
always lasts for two hours. At exactly 1 o´clock everyone stops. They never throw tomatoes
after 1 o’clock. Then they usually spend the rest of the day cleaning themselves and the town!
In the evening, Antonio usually watches the fireworks, eats the local food and sometimes
joins in the dancing.
Are these sentences right or wrong? Underline the part of the text with the answer in.
1. Antonio comes from Buñol. ______________

2. The festival is at the beginning of August. ______________
3. Antonio never wears his best clothes to the festival. ______________
4. Everyone buys tomatoes from a local shop. ______________
5. The fight usually lasts for more than two hours. ______________
6. The next day everyone cleans the streets. ______________
7. Antonio always watches the fireworks. ______________
8. Antonio sometimes dances. ______________
33
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE GENERAL RULES
Affirmative and Negative We use the Present Simple for daily

routines and activities. With I, we, you
+ - and they the Present Simple affirmative
I form is the same as the infinitive. With he,
We work don’t work she, and it we add –s to the infinitive, but
You do not work note these exceptions:
They
He doesn’t Verbs Watch:
She works work endings Add -es Watche
It does not -ch, -s, - s
work sh, -x Go:
and –o Goes
I work in an office. Verbs Remove Carry:
She doesn’t work every day. ending -y and Carries
consona add -
nt ies.
+ -y
Note: The third person of have is has.

Verbs ending with a vowel + -y are
regular: Play: He plays.
Questions
I
we
Where Do you
they
Work ?
he
When Does she
it
In questions, don’t add –s to the verb.
Note the short answers:
Yes, I/we/you/they do.

he/she/it does.
No, I/we/you/they don’t.

he/she/it doesn’t.
34
SIMPLE TENSE EXERCISES
1. Add –s / -es / -ies to the following verbs.
1. teach ___________________ 9. buzz ___________________

2. fly ___________________ 10. watch ___________________
3. run ___________________ 11. sit ___________________
4. push ___________________ 12. guess ___________________
5. fix ___________________ 13. stop ___________________
6. do ___________________ 14. worry ___________________
7. dance ___________________ 15. finish ___________________
8. go ___________________ 16. have ___________________
2. Use the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences, as in the example:
1. I ..live.. (live) in Edinburgh.

2. He ………. (do) his homework every evening.
3. She’s a teacher. She ……….. (work) at primary school.
4. “Are you a singer?” “No, I’m a pilot. I ………….. (fly) airplanes.
5. Joan …………. (wash) her hair every day.
6. The museum …………….. (close) at seven in the evening.
7. Daniel ……………. (brush) his teeth every morning.
8. She ……………... (study) Science at university.
3. Write questions and negative answers as in the example.
Tom lives in England. → Does Tom live in England? No, Tom doesn’t live in England.
Mr. Simpson teaches Chemistry.

→______________________________________________________________________
You like playing computer games.

→ _____________________________________________________________________
John and Sue work in a café.

→_____________________________________________________________________
We do the shopping on Saturdays.

→_____________________________________________________________________
The baby cries all the time.

→_____________________________________________________________________
35
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Always – 100% Use:

Usually – 80% - before the main verb BUT after the verb ‘to be’
Often – 60% - between the auxiliary verb and the main verb in
Sometimes – 40% negative sentences
Seldom – 20% - after the subject in interrogative sentences.
Never – 0%
A. Complete these sentences with the correct adverb of frequency.
1. I get up at 9 o’clock. (100%)

2. My mother makes cakes on Tuesdays. (80%)
3. I am hungry at lunch time. (100%)
4. I am late for dinner. (60%)
5. Pete has a party on his birthday. (20%)
6. We have fireworks on Christmas. (40%)
7. Sam meets his friends on vacation. (90%)
8. You eat spaghetti with a knife. (0%)
B. Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions about the frequency you do these
activities.
How often do you…?
1. Go to the cinema 6. Go to the zoo 11. Listen to music

2. Clean your room 7. Visit your grandparents 12. Do sports
3. Watch TV 8. Go skiing 13. Go shopping
4. Use a computer 9. Go swimming 14. Cook
5. Play video games 10. Hang out with friends 15. Eat fast food
36
READING
Read about New Year in Japan. Fill each space with one of the verbs from the box in
the correct form. Two of the verbs are negative
stay begin eat(x2) go(x3) come

clean send watch listen drink
ring enjoy make receive do
Akiko Imai (1) __comes__ from Japan. Many young Japanese people often (2) ___________
away with their friends at New Year but Akiko (3) ____________ usually __________ away,
she (4) ____________ at home with her family. In Japan, New Year (5) ___________ on 31 st
December. On that day, Akiko (6) _______________ TV and (7) _____________ a special
kind of pasta called soba. At midnight, she (8) ______________ to the sound of the temple
bell ringing. It (9) ________________ 108 times. On New Year’s Day, 1 st January, Akiko and
her family (10) _______________ sake, a kind of rice wine. After, they all (11) __________
Popular foods like rice cake and soup. It is a special day for children because they
(12) _______________ some money in special envelopes from their relatives. Before New
Year’s Day, Japanese people usually (13) _________________ their houses,
(14) _____________ a lot of food and (15) ________________ a lot of shopping. Akiko often
(16) _____________ greetings cards to her friends. New Year is one of the most important
days in Japan and Akiko always (17) ________________ it because she (18) ____________
to school on that day!
VOCABULARY: DATES
Review the following vocabulary related to dates. Listen to the pronunciation.
Days Months Ordinal numbers

Monday January 1st first 16th sixteenth
Tuesday February 2nd second 17th seventeenth
Wednesday March 3rd third 18th eighteenth
Thursday April 4th fourth 19th nineteenth
Friday May 5th fifth 20th twentieth
6th sixth 21st twenty first
Saturday June 7th seventh 22nd twenty second
Sunday July 8th eighth 23rd twenty third
August 9th ninth 24th twenty fourth
September 10th tenth 25th twenty fifth
October 11th eleventh 26th twenty sixth
November 12th twelfth 27th twenty seventh
December 13th thirteenth 28th twenty eighth
14th fourteenth 29th twenty ninth
15th fifteenth 30th thirtieth
31st thirty first
37
LISTENING
A. Listen and write the MONTHS you hear.
1. _____________________ 7. _______________________
2. _____________________ 8. _______________________
3. _____________________ 9. _______________________
4. _____________________ 10. _______________________
5. _____________________ 11. _______________________
6. _____________________ 12. _______________________
B. Listen and circle the 16 dates that you hear. The first one is done for you.
C. Listen and write the dates and events you hear. There are 5 events.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
38
Work in groups of four students. Talk for one minute about the topic. Your classmates will ask
you follow up questions.
Find your question by rolling your die twice. The 1st roll determines the number on the top, the
2nd roll determines the number on the left.
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 What is your What is your How did What time Would you
ASK ANY favorite time favorite people know of day do like to time
QUESTION! of the day? month of the the time you dislike travel into
year? before there the most? the past?
were clocks?
2 A weekday Would youHow do Summer or Which day
or the like to time people ASK ANY winter: of the week
weekend: travel into the
celebrate QUESTION! which do is your
which is future? mother’s you prefer? favorite?
better? day?
3 Which Describe What is your Do you Can you
season is your favorite favorite spend too think of
your birthday. holiday many hours three dates
favorite? celebration? watching that are ASK ANY
Why? TV? important in QUESTION!
your
country?
4 Describe Why are Describe ‘Time is Do you
what you ASK ANY some what you money’ spend
usually do in QUESTION! people often usually do in Do you enough time
the morning. late? the agree? studying?
afternoon.
5 Do you Describe an Do you wish What do you Why do
prefer being interesting you had do to ASK ANY people
early or on time in your more free celebrate QUESTION! celebrate
time? Why? life. time? Why? your birthdays?
birthday?
6 Do you Describe What are the Describe Describe
spend what people ASK ANY most your daily what you
enough time do on New QUESTION! important routine. usually do
sleeping? Year’s Eve. holidays in in the
Colombia? evening.
39
WRITING
Write a note to friend telling him/her about a festival in your hometown. (25-30 words)
Say:
- When the festival is
- What you do at the festival
- What you eat
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
BREAKFAST LUNCH AND DINNER
1. Look at the photos. Tell your partner what you see.
40
2. Complete the puzzle below to find the word in the middle.
PRONUNCIATION /ɪ/ , /Iː/
1. Watch the video about the pronunciation of these two sounds.
2. Listen and repeat these words. Then write them in group 1 or group 2 below.
chicken cheese meal fish leave meat fill biscuit bin

tea chips eat feel seat dinner sit live beans
Group 1 /ɪ/ chicken Group 2 /Iː/ cheese
Listen to the recording to check your answers.
41
LISTENING
Listen to Jack and Katie talking about food and drink. Write J for Jack and K for Katie.
Who…
1. always has a big breakfast?
2. buys a cake for a snack?
3. has chips or pizza for lunch?
4. thinks salad is good for you?
5. prefers water to juice?
6. doesn’t like coffee or tea?
7. loves chocolate?
8. doesn’t like ice cream?
2:00 – It’s two o’clock 2:30 – it’s half past two

2:05 – its five past/after two 2:35 – it’s twenty-five to three
2:10 – it’s ten past/after two 2:40 – it’s twenty to three
2:15 – it’s quarter past/after two 2:45 – it’s quarter to three
2:20 – It’s twenty past/after two 2:50 – it’s ten to three
2:25 – it’s twenty five past/after two 2:55 – it’s five to three
42
Student A
What time is the train to London on….
Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday…morning/afternoon/evenin
g please?
Day Morning Afternoon Evening

Monday 9:15 9:25
Tuesday 2:35
Wednesday 1:10 6:55
Thursday 3:40
Friday 8:45 10:05
Saturday 7:35
Sunday 6:25 2:20
Student B
What time is the train to London on….
Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday…morning/afternoon/evenin
g please?
Day Morning Afternoon Evening

Monday 3:20
Tuesday 9:15 11:05
Wednesday 10:25
Thursday 11:55 9:35
Friday 1:30
Saturday 4:45 7:40
Sunday 10:25
43
LISTENING
A. Listen to Rachel talking about her day. Complete the notes.

Breakfast – 8.00 am
Tea
(1) ____________________
Toast
Lunch – (2) __________________ pm
Salad
A cake
(3)______________________
Dinner – (4) ___________________ pm
Chicken or (5) _____________________
Rice or pasta
(6) ______________________________
B. People are talking about their daily routines. Listen and check the things each
person does.
Peter Amelia Charlie

1. Gets up early
2. goes running
3. has breakfast
4. takes the bus
5. takes the subway
6. texts friends
7. goes to work
8. plays video games
9. watches TV
10. hangs out with
Friends
11. reads
44
SPEAKING
Discuss the questions below with your partner.
Student A
1. What time do you usually go to bed at night? Should you go to bed earlier?
2. What do you often eat for breakfast? Do you think it’s healthy food?
3. What time do you arrive at school or work? Are you ever late?
4. What time do you eat lunch? Do you eat alone or with other people?
5. What time do you get home after school or work? Are you tired when you get home?
6. What’s your favorite TV show? Why do you like it?
7. How much time do you spend on-line each day? Is it too much?
8. What time do you usually eat dinner?
9. What hobbies do you have? What’s your favorite hobby?
10. How do you like to relax in the evenings?
Student B
1. What time do you usually get up in the morning?

2. What do you often eat for lunch?
3. How do you travel to school or work (bus, taxi,…)?
4. Where do you eat lunch? What do you usually eat for lunch?
5. What do you like to do after school or work?
6. How many hours of TV do you usually watch each day? Is it too much?
7. What’s your favorite website? Why do you like it?
8. Can you cook? How often do you cook dinner?
9. Tell me about your best friend. How often do you see him/her?
10. What time do you go to bed at night? Do you think you should go to bed earlier?
45
INTEGRATED SKILL ACTIVITY
LISTENING
Listen and answer the questions.

A. Listening 1 (Henri)
1. At about what time does Henri usually get up?
2. What time do his classes begin?
3. What happens when Henri meets his friends?
a) His friends are late
b) He can’t find his friends
c) He is late
4. What is Henri’s problem?
a) He doesn’t like his teacher
b) He is always angry
c) He is often late for things
B. Listening 2 (Timmy)
1. How old will Timmy be in a few more weeks?
2. When is his birthday?
3. When is his sister’s birthday?
4. What is Timmy’s problem?
a) He doesn’t like the birthday presents that people give him
b) He sometimes forgets his sister’s birthday
c) People sometimes forget his birthday
C. Listening (Brenda)
1. Where does Brenda work? 4. What idea does Brenda have?
2. How many days a week does Brenda a) People should try to relax more
work? b) We should have longer weekends
3. How does she feel on weekends? c) There should be a long holiday
a) Tired every four weeks
b) Relaxed
c) Fantastic
46
READING
Read the problems below and suggest possible solutions.
A. Dear Anita,
I’m almost always late for school. I get up early, around six-thirty, and my classes start at eight o’clock,
but I’m still a few minutes late. I tried getting up earlier, at six o’clock, but I was still late. In fact, I’m
usually late for almost everything! I’m even late when I meet my friends on the weekend. Anita, can
you help me? My teacher and friends get angry when I’m late.
Henri
B. Dear Anita,
I’m 11 years old, and in a few more weeks it will be my birthday, and I feel terrible. I feel terrible
because my birthday is on January 1st, the first day of the New Year. Everyone remembers my sister’s
birthday (in May) and she always has a big birthday party and gets lots of birthday presents, but
sometimes people forget my birthday. It’s not fair! How can I make people remember my birthday?
Timmy
C. Dear Anita,
As you know, there are seven days in a week. There are five working days and two days on the
weekend. However, after working for five days, most people are very tired, and two days is not really
enough to relax. But I have a fantastic idea! I think there should be only four weekdays, so that there
can be a three-day weekend! This would give everyone more time to rest and spend time with family
and friends. What do you think Anita?
Brenda
SPEAKING
Compare your solutions with different classmates.
Do you agree or disagree with their ideas.
WRITING WITH FEEDBACK

Write a paragraph about the routine of a very close relative.
(50 words)
47
UNIT 4: THE PAST
INTENSIVE READING
1. Match the people below with their nationality. What are they famous for?
Roald Amundsen American

Ferdinand Magellan British
Ranulph Fiennes Spanish
Neil Armstrong Portuguese
Hernan Cortes Italian
Marco Polo Norwegian
Reading
1. Where did the Polo family come from? They were a rich family
and they lived in Italy over 750 years ago. They travelled all over
the Mediterranean. They bought and sold things like gold and
silver. Marco was born in 1254 in Venice.
2. Marco was only six years old when his father and uncle went on
their first journey to China. In China, they met the king of the
Mongols, Kublai Khan.
3. Marco didn’t see his father again for nine years. He was 15 when
his father and uncle returned from China. The next time his father
and uncle decided to go to China they took Marco with them. This was in 1271, they went by
ship to Turkey and then used horses. It was a long journey.
4. In 1275 they arrived in Khanbalik (modern Beijing) and saw Kublai Khan, he talked to them and
asked them many questions. He liked Marco and so he gave him a job. What did Marco do in
china? Well, he traveled all over the country. He saw that the Chinese used paper money and
used a machine to print books.
5. He visited the largest city in China, called Kinsai, many times. He said that the people in Kinsai
wore beautiful clothes and ate good food. There were ten big markets in Kinsai and they sold
everything people wanted.
6. Marco stayed in China for 17 years. The journey home took Marco and his family two years. In
Italy, Marco decided to write a book about his life in China. Many people didn’t believe Marco’s
stories at first. Later, they believed him. Marco died in 1324.
2. Read the information about Marco Polo. Are the sentences right or wrong? If there is no
information, write ‘doesn’t say’.
a. Marco first went to China when he was six years old.

b. It took Marco and his family along time to get to China.
c. Marco travelled to China by boat and on a horse.
d. Marco spoke to Kublai Khan.
e. Marco liked Kublai Khan very much.
f. Kinsai had twelve markets.
g. Marco took a long time to write his book about China.
h. Marco died a poor man.
48
3. Look at paragraph 1 in the story about Marco Polo. Find the past simple form of these verbs.
Regular verbs Irregular verbs

Live ________________ Buy ________________
Travel _________________ Sell ________________
Be ________________
Now complete these sentences.
Making a question:
Where ___________ the Polo family ___________ from?
Making a negative:
Many people __________ ____________ Marco’s stories at first.
SIMPLE PAST FORM

Affirmative Sentences
Other Verbs Verb To be
Subject Verb Complement Pronoun Verb Complement
Joanne Went to Exeter University I Was 3 years old
She took care of her daughter You Were my friend
She lived in a small apartment He / she / it Was my partner
Joanne finished university in 1987 We / they Were classmates
Joanne liked to go to a café
Negative Sentences
Other Verbs Pron. To be+not Complement
Subj. Aux+not Verb Complem. I was not 3 years old
Joanne did not go to special You were not my friend
schools He / she / It was not my partner
Publishers did not like the book We / they were not classmates
She did not have Money
Yes/No Question
Other Verbs To be Subject Complement
Aux. Subject Verb Complem. Was I 3 years old?
Did She study? Were You my friend?
Did Joanne have children? Was He / she / it my partner ?
Did They publish the book? Were we / they classmates?
WH-Questions
Other Verbs WH word To be Subject
WH-word Aux Sub. Verb Where was I?
What did she study? What kind of person were you?
How many books did she write? How many chairs were there?
What habits did Joanne have? Who was he?
What kind of books did she write? When was it?
Why did the sell the What color was it?
publishers book? How tall were we?
Why were you here?
How old were they?
49
IRREGULAR VERBS LIST
INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE SPANISH
be was / were Been ser, estar

become Became Become convertirse en, hacerse
begin Began Begun empezar, comenzar
bite Bit Bitten morder
blow Blew Blown Soplar
break Broke Broken romper
bring Brought Brought llevar, traer
build Built Built construir
buy Bought Bought comprar
can Could been able Poder
catch Caught Caught coger, atrapar, tomar
choose Chose Chosen elegir, escoger
come Came Come Venir
cost Cost Cost Costar
cut Cut Cut Cortar
do Did Done Hacer
draw Drew Drawn Dibujar
drink Drank Drunk Beber
drive Drove Driven conducir
eat Ate Eaten Comer
fall Fell Fallen Caer
feel Felt Felt Sentir
fight Fought Fought pelear, luchar
find Found Found encontrar
fly Flew Flown Volar
forget Forgot Forgotten olvidarse
forgive Forgave Forgiven perdonar
freeze Froze Frozen congelar
get Got got / gotten recibir, conseguir, llegar, etc
give Gave Given Dar
go Went Gone Ir
grow Grew Grown Crecer
hang Hung Hung Colgar
have Had Had Tener
hide Hid Hidden esconder
hit Hit Hit pegar, golpear
hold Held Held sostener
hurt Hurt Hurt hacer daño
keep Kept Kept guardar, continuar
know Knew Known conocer, saber
lead Led Led liderar, guiar, conducir
leave Left Left irse, dejar
lend Lent Lent dejar prestado
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let Let Let permitir, alquilar
lose Lost Lost Perder
make Made Made Hacer
mean Meant Meant significar, querer decir
meet Met Met conocer, reunirse, encontrarse
pay Paid Paid Pagar
put Put Put poner, colocar
read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/ Leer
ride Rode Ridden montar (en transporte)
ring Rang Rung llamar, sonar
rise Rose Risen levantarse, alzarse, subir
run Ran Run correr
say Said Said decir, contar
see Saw Seen ver
sell Sold Sold vender
send Sent Sent enviar, remitir
set Set Set poner, colocar
show Showed Shown mostrar, enseñar
shut Shut Shut cerrar
sing Sang Sung cantar
sink Sank Sunk hundirse
sit Sat Sat sentarse
sleep Slept Slept dormir
speak Spoke Spoken hablar
spend Spent Spent gastar dinero, pasar tiempo
steal Stole Stolen robar
swim Swam Swum nadar
take Took Taken tomar, llevar
teach Taught Taught enseñar
tell Told Told decir, contar
think Thought Thought Pensar
throw Threw Thrown lanzar, tirar, arrojar
understand Understood Understood entender, comprender
wake Woke Woken Despertarse
wear Wore Worn llevar puesto
win Won Won Ganar
write Wrote Written Escribir
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SIMPLE PAST EXERCISES
1. Complete with the verb in past.
1. Mary ____________________ the homework at school. (do)

2. I _________________________________ class yesterday. (not/attend)
3. They_________________________ together. (study)
4. Jenny and Peggy_____________________ Mathematics. (not/like)
5. I __________________ Andrew’s friend. (be)
6. Paula___________________ with Peter at high school. (dance)
7. The boys _________________ irresponsible with their assignments. (not/be)
8. He________________ soccer at high school. (play)
9. The teacher_____________________ their lessons very well. (not/prepare)
10. The school_______________ full of girls and boys. (be)
2. Complete the sentences.
I (1)_______________ (get) good grades at high school. My favorite subject (2)_________________ (be)
History. I (3)__________________ (not/study) with my friends. I (4) _________________ (study) alone. I (5)
___________________ (want) to be the best student, but there (6) ________________ (be) too many subjects
to study. I (7) ____________________ (finish) my secondary studies when I (8) ______________ (be) sixteen
years old.
3. Circle the correct form of the verb BE.
1. She is 30 now, so last year she _____ 29. 2. When I ____ a child we lived in Rome.
a. was a. was
b. were b. were
3. _____ it a good film? 4. Where _____ you yesterday afternoon?

a. was a. was
b. were b. were
5. I didn’t buy those jeans because they _____ 6. Why _____ he so angry?
too expensive. a. was
a. was b. were
b. were
4. Write questions.
Example: (you / where / go?) ------- Where did you go?
1. (she / Where / stay at?) ___________________________________________________________________

2. (be / the weather / nice?) __________________________________________________________________
3. (he / What / do / in the evenings?) ___________________________________________________________
4. (be / Why / you / there?) ___________________________________________________________________
5. (you / How much / spend?) _________________________________________________________________
6. (you / Who / be / with?) ____________________________________________________________________
7. (like the most / What / you?) ________________________________________________________________
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SPELLING
Regular verbs in the past simple
Regular verbs in the past simple end in –ed.
 If the verb ends in –e (e.g. decide) add –d

They decided to go to China.
 If the verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant (e.g. travel) double the last letter and add
–ed
They travelled all over the Mediterranean.
 If the verb ends in vowel + y (e.g. study) –y becomes –ied
He studied the country carefully.
 If the verb ends in to or more consonants (e.g. ask) add –ed
He asked them many questions.
What is the past simple of the following verbs?
1. Arrive ______________ 6. Return ______________

2. Stop ______________ 7. Like ______________
3. Help ______________ 8. Play ______________
4. Look ______________ 9. Carry ______________
5. Use ______________ 10. Open ______________
PRONUNCIATION
REGULAR PAST ENDINGS
A. Rules: Regular past endings are pronounced differently depending on the last sound of the
verb.
1. When the verb ends in the sounds: /p/ /k/ /f/ /th/ /s/ /sh/ /ch/ = /t/
/p/ /k/ /f/ /th/ /s/ /sh/ /ch/
helped cooked laughed bathed closed finished watched
2. When the verb ends in the sounds: /b/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /r/ and vowel sounds = /d/
/b/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /r/
robbed jogged lived apologize called formed cleaned answered
/a/ /e/ /i/ /o/

played freed died showed
3. When the verb ends in the sounds: /d/ /t/ = /id/
/d/ /t/
added invited
decided visited
divided acted
needed corrected
53
B. Underline all the regular verbs in the story about Marco Polo and decide which column, /t/,
/d/, or /Id/, to put them.
/t/ /d/ /id/
* Listen to the recording to check your answers.
C. Listen to these people talk about what they did last night. Complete with the verbs in past.
WHAT DID YOU DO LAST NIGHT?
1. Josh: Let me think. I __________ home, __________a video game and _______________ to a
new CD. That’s it!
2. Mari: I _____________ to study for a math exam while my roommate ____________ her flute.
3. Peter: Well, my wife _____________ a DVD, so we ______________ a movie. But I didn’t like it
much.
4. Melissa: I didn’t want to go out., so I _____________ a couple of friends over and we
____________ dinner.
5. Rachel: Oh, I just _____________ late and then _________ the house. You know – the usual.
6. Stephen: I ______________ online with my friend Jay. He’s living in Italy.
Now classify the verbs under the three sounds according to their pronunciation:
/t/ /d/ /id/
D. What did you do last night? Answer this question using regular verbs and pronounce them
correctly.
54
Who is it?
A. Listening to these people’s extraordinary lives and check the right answer to each question.
1. John F Kennedy was president of USA in:

a. the 1950s b. the 1960s c. the 1970s
2. The scientist Marie Curie was born in:
a. Paris b. Warsaw c. Geneva
3. Laurent and Hardy were:
a. singers b. businessmen c. comedians
4. The Beatles were originally from:
a. London b. Manchester c. Liverpool
5. The composer Beethoven was:
a. blind b. deaf c. both
6. The Chinese communist Mao Ze Dong was born:
a. in 1973 b. 1893 c. 1993
7. Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky and Chekhov were Russian:
a. composers b. writers c. ballet dancers
8. Galileo was an Italian:
a. mathematician and scientist b. opera singer c. footballer
B. Listen to two students playing ‘Who is it?’ Who is the famous person?
C. Now, you play.

Player A thinks of a famous person from the past. Player B asks up to twelve questions to find out the
name of the person. Then switch roles.
EXAMPLE:
B: were you a man?

A: Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
B: Did you paint pictures?
A: No, I didn’t. / Yes, I did.
10 MINUTE WRITING
Write about a famous person from the past you know well.
55
LISTENING
A. Listen to a girl called Melanie talking about a school trip to Paris. Circle the correct answer.
1. Number of days in Paris: 2 / 5

2. Coach left school at: 5.00 / 5.30 am
3. Cost of trip: £240 / £214
4. Name of the hotel in Paris: BERRI / VERRY
5. Enjoyed shopping / boat trip best
B. Now listen to Melanie again and answer with short answers.
1. Did the students arrive at school late?

2. Did Melanie like the coach journey?
3. Did they stop at a café on the motorway for some sandwiches?
4. Did it take eight hours to go from London to Paris?
5. Did they stay at a new hotel?
6. Did Melanie speak French all the time?
7. Did Melanie buy a present for her sister?
8. Did she take lot of photos?
9. Did she enjoy the trip?
10. Did they arrive back in London late?
SPEAKING
A. Ask your partner questions about an interesting place he or she visited last year.
EXAMPLE: Where / go?

A: Where did you go?
B: I went to an art gallery / to a museum / to London …
When / go? How much / cost?

How / travel? What / see?
What / do? How long / stay?
Who / go with?
B. Join another partner and tell him/her about your previous

partner’s journey.
56
LISTENING: Vacations
Exercise 1
These people didn’t have a good vacation. What did they do? Listen and circle the correct
answer.
1. a. went away 5. a. went to the beach

b. stayed home b. went to the country
2. a. went to Hawaii 6. a. went skiing
b. went to Okinawa b. stayed home
3. a. went away 7. a. went skiing
b. stayed home b. stayed home
4. a. invited relatives to stay 8. a. went to as Vegas
b. visited relatives b. went to Los Angeles
Exercise 2
A. Did the people enjoy their vacations? Listen and check the correct answer.
1. ____ yes 5. ____ yes

____ no ____ no
2. ____ yes 6. ____ yes
____ no ____ no
3. ____ yes 7. ____ yes
____ no ____ no
4. ____ yes 8. ____ yes
____ no ____ no
B. Listen again. What word completes each statement? Write the correct letter.
1. The weather was _____ a. Fantastic

2. The people were _____ b. Terrible
3. The ski trip was _____ c. Disappointing
4. Their trip to France was very _____ d. Nice
5. Her trip to the beach was _____ e. Clean
6. The hotel wasn’t _____ f. Awful
7. The shopping in Thailand was _____ g. Short
8. His vacation was too _____ h. Terrific
SPEAKING
A. Prepare a short presentation about your last vacations. Talk about all the things you did, the
places you went, the people you were with, etc.
B. Make groups of 4 students and present the information to the group.
WRITING: INFORMATION TRANSFER
Watch the video: ‘How was your vacation?’ and write a paragraph
describing the man’s vacation.
57
LISTENING: TELL YOUR LIFE STORY
Listen to Marlene talking about her life. Which picture relates to each extract?
Extract A= picture ___ Extract C= picture ___ Extract E= picture ___

Extract B = picture ___ Extract D = picture ___ Extract F = picture ___
WRITING
Write your biography. (100 words)
Year you were born.
Place where you were
born.
School you went to.
Activities you did at school.
Program you chose to
study.
Difficult moments.
Good times, etc.
58
UNIT 5: ANIMALS
INTENSIVE READING
1. Read the article In Danger. Pay close attention to the underlined phrases.
IN DANGER
The polar bear’s name in Latin is Ursus maritimus, meaning “sea
bear”. It got this name because it spends most of its time in the
Arctic seas. It is also called by other names, for example, white
bear or ice bear. When a polar bear gets out of the sea, it shakes
water from its fur like a dog or it removes the water by rolling on
the ice. It is very cold where polar bears live. The temperature is
very often as low as -55º C.
The polar bear is the largest meat-eating animal on land. The male weighs from 350 to 650 kg
and he is two and a half to three meters long – almost as long as a car. A polar bear’s skin is
black but its fur has no color – it looks white when the sun shines on the ice. It has big feet so it
can stand easily on the ice. The polar bear likes to live alone. It walks long distance, sometimes
30 km a day, because it needs to find food. The bear eats fish and it also enjoys seal meat. It
goes swimming and lies in the sun when it isn’t looking for food! It is a very good swimmer.
The female bear usually has two babies once every three years. The babies, or cubs, are born in
November. Sometimes the cubs die in their first year because they have an accident or they don’t
get enough food to eat. If they live, they stay with their mother for nearly two years but then they
must leave her to go and live alone on the ice.
There are only about 25,000 polar bears alive today. The area where you find them has many
problems with pollution and there are also problems with thin ice. Polar bears need your help!
2. Read the following sentences about polar bears. Fill in the blanks with the right conjunction:
and, because, or, but.
1. Polar bears are in danger ____________ people don’t care about their environment. (because, or)
2. Polar bears like to eat fish __________ they also like seal meat. (because, but)
3. Polar bears need our help ____________ they may disappear. (or, and)
4. Polar bears are both large ____________ strong. (or, and)
We use words called conjunctions, like and, or, but, because to join two parts of sentences. Conjunctions can be
used to give more information, give alternatives, give reasons, give results or give unexpected information.
We use and, or, but to connect two parts of sentences which are similar in grammatical status.
Examples:
Do you want chocolate, strawberry or vanilla? (joining words)
Amy's dad is taking us on Saturday morning, and he's offered to bring us home again on Sunday. (joining
clauses)
We use and for adding information, or for giving alternatives and but for unexpected or different information.
Examples:
I'm OK for food, dance and music, and I'm having a wonderful time.
There's a reggae band from Jamaica or a Russian electro-pop group on the other stage.
She’d like to go but she can’t.
Because is a conjunction which we use to connect one clause with another clause.
Examples:
I'd like to see that Irish band, because Celtic music is pretty cool.
I am saving money because I need to travel.
59
Grammar Exercise
Conjunctions
1. Mark X the right conjunction for completing the sentence.
1. The bus stopped __________ the man 2. We stayed at home __________

got off. watched a film.
a. and a. or
b. or b. because
c. because c. and
3. I wanted to buy a newspaper 4. He's very rich __________ he doesn't
__________ I didn't have enough money. want to spend a lot of money.
a. and a. but
b. or b. or
c. but c. and
5. Do you want tea __________ coffee? 6. Is the Empire State Building in New York
a. and __________ London?
b. or a. but
c. but b. and
c. or
7. I enjoy visiting many different countries 8. I can't remember his name __________ I
__________ I wouldn't want to live know his face from somewhere.
anywhere else but Colombia. a. because
a. but b. or
b. because c. but
c. or
2. Correct the following sentences. Use the right conjunction: and, or, but, because.
1. I'd love to stay or I have to catch my bus.

2. His hot chocolate is too hot or his mother has just made it.
3. We got extremely wet and it was raining.
4. I only passed my exam or you helped me.
5. They weren’t hungry and they had to eat some sandwiches.
6. We can go to the pool and we can go horse-riding, whichever you prefer.
7. She didn't want him to see her or she owed him money.
8. He's in the shoe store but he wants to look for shoes.
3. Write sentences about yourself using conjunctions: and, or, but, because.
1. _______________________________________________________________________
(and)
2. _______________________________________________________________________
(but)
3. _____________________________________________________________________
(because)
4. _____________________________________________________________________ (or)
60
Pronunciation
List Intonation
When we pronounce list of words there is a combination of rising and falling intonation.
Watch the video then practice reading some sentences.
Practice
1. I like horses, cows, dogs and cats.

2. I like monkeys, elephants and bears.
3. Peter likes bears, dolphin and dogs.
4. I saw some horses, giraffes, elephants and zebras.
5. My little sister plays with cats, dogs, rabbits and hamsters.
DICTOGLOSS
1. Listen to the teacher reading about penguins (The teacher makes a short introduction of the
text)
the writer)
6. Compare the reconstructed text and the original. Notice the type of errors that got in the way
of understanding the text.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
61
7. Classify your errors using the following list.
What problems did you have?
a. I couldn’t hear which sound it was.

b. I couldn’t separate the sounds into words.
c. I heard the words but I couldn’t remember their meaning quickly enough.
d. There were some new words for me.
e. I heard and understood the words but not the meaning of that part of the sentence.
f. Other problems.
Writing a Postcard
1. Write a postcard to a friend about a visit to a zoo.
Say:
Where the zoo is
Who your went with
What you did.
Postcard
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
From:
_________________________________
_______________________________
62
Listening Exercise –Visiting the Zoo
1. Listen to Mark talking about visiting the zoo. Tick the word when you hear it. The
words are not in the order your hear them.
1. Zoo 6. Weekend
2. Friend 7. Camera
3. Bus 8. Sunday
4. Homework 9. Four
5. Student 10. Drive
2. Look at the example and then listen to the first part of the conversation again.
Example:
When will Mark and Natalie go to the zoo?
A. Saturday
B. Sunday
C. Thursday
The answer is C. Natalie is busy on Saturday and Sunday.
Read through the questions and then listen to the rest of the conversation and answer
the questions.
1. Each zoo ticket will cost them 2. Who is Mark going to take photos for?
A. £ 6.50. A. his mother
B. £ 7.50 B. his friend
C. £ 8.00 C. his teacher
3. Mark is going to photograph 4. How will Mark and Natalie get to the
zoo?
A. bears A. by bus
B. monkeys B. by train
C. Lions C. by car
5. The zoo closes at

A. 4.30
B. 5.30
C. 6.30
Writing with Feedback
Write about a time when you visited a zoo, a circus or a place where you saw animals.
63
Vocabulary –Collocations-
A collocation involves the combination of words that are frequently

used together. For example:
Take a shower
Spend money
Do homework
Make the bed
Collocations activity
1. Write words that can match these verbs. Use the following list.
a decision – a meeting – a photo – the dishes – a break – an exception – the night – a headache -
homework – a party – your job – an exercise – a choice – friends – a bad time – a cold – my time – a
shower – a look
Make Do Have Spend Take
2. Circle the correct word in these sentences about Mark and Natalie.
1. Natalie made / spent some time looking at penguins.

2. Natalie did / made her homework when she got home from the zoo.
3. Mark did / took some shopping for his mum the next day.
4. Natalie said, “Can you wait a minute? I need to make / do a phone call.”
5. Mark took / made his exams last week.
6. Natalie did / made a cake the next day.
3. Answer the following questions with your own information.
1. When do you do your homework?

2. Do you know how to make a cake?
3. How much money do you spend on transportation?
4. Where do you take the bus to go to the faculty?
5. What time do you usually have a shower?
Listening and Speaking
1. Pair work. Prepare a conversation with your classmate. Ask and answer questions about
the following topics.
1. Food you can make.

2. Amount of money you usually spend.
3. Time you usually do your homework.
4. Time you usually have a nap.
5. Exams you have to take.
64
Spelling Exercise -Their, there, they’re-
Their, there and they’re all sound the same but are spelled differently.
Examples:
There are not many polar bears I the Arctic any more.
Polar bears spend most of their lives on the ice.
When they’re small, the polar bear cubs stay with their mother.
1. Fill the spaces with their, there, or they’re.
I have two dogs called Wolfie and Sammy.

(1) __________________ quite small dogs. I take them for a walk in the park every day. They
love it (2) ______________ because they can play with (3) ____________ ball and run around
having fun. (4) ______________ favorite game is chasing the ducks into the lake. (5)
_____________ always happy to go (6) _______________.
Listening and speaking
1. Listen to the information. Look at the pictures and write the right numbers for the
animals he is describing.
2. Pair work. Taking into account the previous information. Take turns asking and
answering question about these animals.
Example:
Are mice small and furry? Yes, they are/ No, they aren’t.
1. Listening. Listen to the information on animals and take notes.
Notes:
65
2. Listening comprehension. Answer the questions. You may use your notes.
1. The man says he: 2. When the man was a kid:

a. doesn’t like animals a. he didn’t like animals
b. loves animals b. liked to read books about animals
c. is afraid of animals c. couldn’t find books on animals
3. The most exciting thing for him was: 4. When he was older:
a. sleeping a. he went on a safari
b. visiting the zoo b. he visited his hometown zoo
c. reading books c. he became a veterinary doctor
5. In the wild, he: 6. Now, he is:

a. saw wild animals a. not interested in animals
b. hunted some wild animals b. worried about the future of many animals
c. understood animals are dangerous c. worried about his future
7. The man would advise you to: 8. We can infer that if we don’t change our
lifestyle,
a. look at animals in zoos a. many animals may disappear
b. hunt animals b. there will be a lot of wild animals
c. look at animals in their natural habitat c. children may be in danger
3. Pair work. Writing. Ask and answer questions about the information you listened
to.
STUDENT’S A QUESTIONS (Do not show your questions to Student B)

1. __________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________
STUDENT’S B QUESTIONS (Don’t show your question to Student A)
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________
Ten-Minute Writing
1. Write down information related to animals (Example, pets in your house, positive
and negative aspects of having pets, etc.)
66
UNIT 6: LEISURE AND HOBBIES
Intensive Reading
1. Read the information below about theme parks. Pay close attention to the underlined
phrases.
The biggest and the best

The first amusement park in the world was Bakken in Denmark. It opened in 1583! It had
simple rides and also dancing and fireworks.
Tokyo Disneyland is the most popular theme park in the world. Around 17 million people
visit it every year.
The biggest theme park is Disney World in Florida, USA.
The Drop Zone in Kings Island theme park, Ohio, USA, drops riders 80 meters from a 96-
meter tower – that is the same as 9 buses on top of each other! The Drop Zone can carry
up to 40 riders at a time and its top speed
is 105 km per hour. It’s taller than any
other ride in the world.
Fujikyu Highland amusement park in
Japan has a rollercoaster that travels at
170 km per hour. It is faster than any
other rollercoaster. People who went on it
said that it felt like being in a rocket!
2. Read the information about theme parks again. Are the sentences right or wrong? If
there is no information, write “doesn’t say”. Example:
0. The first amusement park in the world was located in Tokyo.
Wrong. The first amusement park in the world was located in Denmark.
1. Around 20 million people visit the first amusement park in the world.
__________________________________________________________________________
2. The most popular theme park in the world is Tokyo Disneyland.
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Disney World in Florida, USA, is the largest theme park in the world.
__________________________________________________________________________
4. The Drop Zone in Kings Island is faster than any other theme park.
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Fujikyu Highland amusement park is taller than any other rollercoaster.
__________________________________________________________________________
67
Spelling of the Comparative and Superlative Forms
Comparative adjectives Superlative adjectives
When you compare two items When you compare three or more items
Short adjectives Short adjectives
We add – er to short (one syllable and some two- We put the in front of short (one-syllable and some
syllable) adjectives. two-syllable) adjectives and add –est.
+ -er long→longer +-est long→ the longest
If the short adjective ends in –e, we add -r. If the short adjective ends in –e, we add -st.
+ -r wide→wider + -st wide → the widest
If the short adjective ends in a short vowel + a single If the short adjective ends in a short vowel + a single
consonant, we double the consonant and add -er. consonant, we double the consonant and add –est.
-t → -tter hot → hotter -t → -ttest hot → the hottest
If the adjective ends in –y, we take out the –y and add If the adjective ends in –y, we take out the –y and add
–ier. –iest.
-y → -ier friendly – friendlier -y → -iest friendly – the friendliest
Long adjectives Long adjectives

If the adjective is long (two syllables or more) we use If the adjective is long (two syllables or more), we use
the word more or less. the word the most or the least
beautiful → more beautiful beautiful→ the most beautiful
beautiful→ less beautiful beautiful→ the least beautiful
Irregular comparative and superlative adjectives
good bad little many, far old

much
Com better worse less more further (time-space); farther older; elder
(space) (people)
Sup best worst least most furthest (time-space); farthest oldest; eldest
(space) (people)
Comparative and superlative adverbs

Short adverbs Long adverbs
Adverbs that look the same as their adjectives, for Most comparative adverbs are made with more or
example fast, early, hard, long, high, late, soon, etc. less.
use –er and –est in their comaprative and superlative Some superlative adverbs are made with the most or
forms. the least.
On Saturdays we close much later, at ten. You can get in more cheaply with a family ticket.
Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran My classmates speak slowly, but John speaks
the fastest of all. the most slowly of all.
Irregular adverbs
Adverb Comparative Superlative

Badly Worse worst
Far further / farther furthest / farthest
Little Less least
Well Better best
Examples: The little boy ran farther than his friends./ You're driving worse today than yesterday!
68
Comparative and Superlative Grammar Exercises
1. Read the previous information about comparative and superlative forms and complete the
information below.
a. Short adjectives usually end in –er, for example: ___________, _____________, _____________
b. Long adjectives usually have more or less in front of them, e.g. ___________________________
c. Some adjectives change completely in the comparative form, e.g. good and bad become
___________ and ____________.
d. Comparative adjectives are often followed by the word ______________.
e. We can use ___________ and fewer or less with nouns; we use ____________ with countable
nouns and less with uncountable nouns.
f. Short adverbs use –er and –est in their comparative and superlative forms, e.g. ____________ and
_____________.
2. Complete these sentences. If necessary, read again the information above about amusement
parks.
1. Denmark has _____________________________________ in the world.

2. The Drop Zone is _____________________________________ in the world.
3. Fujikyu Highland has _____________________________________ in the world.
3. Complete these sentences with either the comparative or the superlative form of the
adjective or adverb in brackets.
1. The park was busier (busy) on Saturday than on Sunday.

2. It’s ________________ (expensive) for children to get into the park than it is for adults.
3. Jeny did _____________ (well) in her summing exam than Carol.
4. Could you talk _______________ (quietly) please? I’m on the phone.
5. The ride I went on was _______________ (tall) in the park.
6. I reached the park ______________ (soon) than I expected.
7. My uncle is ______________ (rich) than I am so he paid for my trip to Disneyland Paris.
8. It was _____________ (sunny) on Tuesday than it was on Monday.
9. She read the email again _____________ (carefully).
10. The _______________ (popular) ride was Inferno.
11. Angela worked ________________ (hard) than anyone else in the class.
12. The ride was _____________ (fast) in the park.
13. The journey took _______________ (long) this time because of the traffic.
14. The theme park was __________________ (expensive) than the one I usually go to.
15. Pete arrived at the party _______________ (early) than I did.
16. Some theme parks are ______________ (good) than others.
17. The hotel I stayed in was _______________ (bad) in the area.
18. If you can’t see, move _____________ (near) the board.
19. Let’s go to _________________ (good) amusement park in the city.
20. Mary is playing _____________ (badly) today than yesterday!
69
Listening Exercise
You will hear a girl asking for information about Aqua Park, a theme park where you can go
swimming. Before you listen, read through the questions carefully and, with a partner, talk
about what kind of words you think the answers will be.
Example: I think the answer to question 1 will be a time.
Listen and complete the notes.
Dictogloss
1. Listen to the teacher talk about two studies about free time activities (The teacher makes a
short introduction of the text)
the writer)
6. Compare the reconstructed text and the original. Notice the type of errors that got in the
way of understanding the text.
70
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What problems did you have?
Listening and Speaking

1. Read the information below about two theme parks called Fantasma and Alien
Adventure. Decide which one you’d like to go to.
FANTASMA ALIEN ADVENTURE
- First opened in 1972 - First opened in 1950

- 15 different rides - 35 different rides
- Opening dates: 5th April – 2nd December - Opening dates: 1st March – 30th November
- Opening hours: 9.30 am – 10.30 pm - Opening hours: 10.00 am – 10.00 pm
- 2.7 million visitors - 10.8 million visitors a year
- Hotel: 175 rooms - Hotel: 990 rooms
- Price: Family ticket 98 euros - Price: Family ticket 150 euros
2. Cover the previous information about the two theme parks. Ask and answer
questions about Fantasma and Alien Adventure. Student A asks Student B questions
about Fantasma. Student B asks Student A about Alien Adventure.
Example: When / open?
Student A: When did Fantasma first open?
Student B: It first opened in 1972.
1. How many rides?

2. Which dates / open?
3. What / opening hours?
4. How many visitors?
5. Now many hotel rooms?
6. How much / cost?
71
Reading and Writing
1. Look at the telephone conversations below and put them in the right order.
Conversation 1
a. Ok. No problem. Bye.
b. Oh, hi, Lisa. It’s Paula here. Is Serena in?
c. No, she’s out shopping. Can I take a message?
d. No, it’s Lisa.
e. Bye.
f. Hi, is that Serena?
g. Just tell her I rang about going swimming tomorrow.
h. Hello? 1
Conversation 2
a. Bye.
b. Good morning. I’d like to book tickets for the film tonight, please.
c. Three – that’s for two adults and one child.
d. And your name?
e. Thanks very much. Bye.
f. Can you collect them by 7 o’clock?
g. That’s fine. How many would you like?
h. It’s Wilkinson, W-I-L-K-I-N-S-O-N
i. Yes, no problem. Thank you.
j. Hello. Can I help you? 1
2. Listen to the recordings to check your answers.
Writing a Note
Read this note written by a student. There are six spelling mistakes. Can you find them
and correct them?
Dear Tom,
Last Saturday I went to Aqua Park
with my freind Peter. It was a beatiful
day becouse the sun was shining.
The Park was very intresting and their
were many things wich we could do.
Next time you can come with me.
Love
Simon
72
PRONUNCIATION /ə/
Watch the video about the pronunciation of this sound.
EXERCISES
1. Listen and repeat. All the words have /ə/ sound which is very
common in English. For example:
Shorter: /ˈʃɔrtər/ Mother: /ˈmʌðər/ Larger: /ˈlɑrʤər/
Camera: /ˈkæmərə/ Banana: /bəˈnænə/ Computer:
/kəmˈpjutər/
2. Complete the crossword. All the words contain the /ə/ sound.
Across
5. The opposite of boring is…
6. You see films there.
8. Your dad.
9. Canada, the USA and
Mexico.
Down
1. This has a keyboard.
2. Not shorter
3. You get one in the post.
4. You do this with music.
6. You use this to take
photographs.
7. By yourself.
73
Listening and speaking
In pairs, Student A and Student B, ask questions to complete the following

questionnaire. When you finish asking questions, report back to the rest of the class.
My favorite TV series! My favorite physical

activity!
1. How often do you watch TV?
Every night Only on Not often 1. What is your favorite free time physical
weekends activity?
Soccer Swimming
2. What is your best TV program or series? Running Working out at the
___________________________________ gym
Jogging Other
__________________
3. What is your favorite free time activity at
home?
2. How often do you do a physical activity?
Playing chess Reading books
Listening to music Seeing friends Every day Three times a week
Playing computer Other Once a week Less than once a week
games __________________
3. What is your least favorite free time
4. What is your least favorite free time physical activity?
activity at home? ___________________________________
___________________________________
4. Add some more questions here:
5. Add some more questions here: ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
____ ____
74
INTEGRATED-SKILL ACTIVITY
1. Listen to some information about an activity center. Listen and complete the
questions.
High Cross Activity Centre

Open: March to October
Possible to do: 1 Football, climbing,

________________________
Cost of one week: 2 £
Size of largest group: 3 _______________ people
Name of manager: 4 Pete ______________________
Office telephone 5
number:
2. After listening and checking the right information with your teacher. Imagine you are
going to visit an activity center next week. Compare the information you get about High
Cross Activity Centre and Rogers Activity Center below. Which activity center will you
visit? State your reasons.
3. Talk with your partner and reach an agreement about the activity center you both will
visit. Report the reasons to the class. IE
75
LANGUAGE EDUCATION PROGRAM
MARKING SYSTEM FOR GRAMMATICAL ERRORS
Pay attention to the few features that must be correct in any piece of writing that is to be
marked. If more than one minimum requirement error is found, the writing is returned for
checking before it is marked.
No Minimum requirements Incorrect Correct

1. Subject-verb agreement She hate onions She hates onions
2. Pronoun-noun agreement Please call Maria to tell she about Please call Maria to tell
her mother her about her mother
3. Every sentence must I from Perú I am from Perú
contain a subject and a
verb
4. No spelling errors I need to go witht you I need to go with you
Sign Meaning Example

Prep Wrong preposition prep
I have classes in the night.
Pron Wrong pronoun pron
My father is a teacher. She Works at a
school
ww
WW Wrong word
I have to make my homework.
Word order She is wearing a dress blue.
VT Verb tense vt
Forty years ago, most women stay at home.
SVA Subject verb agreement sva
Many people is_ studying English.
# Number (singular or plural) #
They have a books.
Sp Spelling sp
Yenny lives whit her sister.
˄ Word missing I love chocolate because ˄ is delicious.
------ This is not necessary They are have many problems.
Punc Punctuation punc
He worked all night so he was tired.
Cap Capital letter cap
canada is the second largest country in the
world.
/ New sentence
// New paragraph
______? Unclear She was proper from the law.?
76
SPEED READING CHART
Write your score for each reading passage at the bottom of the chart. Then put an X in one of the
boxes above the reading passage number to mark your time for each passage. Look on the right side
of the chart to find your reading speed for each reading passage. wpm: Words per Minute.
Time wpm
1.50 300
2.00 275
2.10 254
2.20 236
2.30 220
2.40 206
2.50 194
3.00 183
3.10 174
3.20 165
3.30 157
3.40 150
3.50 144
4.00 138
4.10 132
4.20 127
4.30 122
4.40 118
4.50 114
5.00 110
5.10 106
5.20 103
5.30 100
5.40 97
5.50 94
6.00 92
Reading 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Score
10 MINUTE WRITING CHART
Each time you do 10 minute writing, put the number of words you wrote on this graph. When your
written work has been marked and returned to you, put the number of errors per 100 words on the
graph for that piece of writing.
Number of words
Error rate per 100 words
Pieces of Writing 1 2 3 4 5
77

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University of Cauca

Language Education Program

BACHELOR’S DEGREE PROGRAMS

Cómo usar fichas de vocabulario: la estrategia de aprendizaje de vocabulario consciente

2. Escriba la palabra en la pequeña ficha con su pronunciación en un lado y su

E.g. The man has a

4. Al comienzo, empiece con pequeños conjuntos de fichas –alrededor de 15 o 20

7. Asegúrese que las palabras de escritura parecida o de significado parecido no estén

8. Continúe cambiando el orden de las palabras en su conjunto de fichas. Esto evitará

FRASES Y ORACIONES DE USO EN EL

What is your name?

Say that again please?

How do I say “Compañero” in English?

Can you help me?

How do you spell “clase”?

I don’t know. I don’t understand.

Move into pairs.

Move into groups of four.

FRASES Y ORACIONES PARA

Please speak slowly.

Please speak more slowly.

Can you repeat that please?

Once more please.

In many cultures, it is common to have three names.

Example: Brad Robert Pitt

Brad is the first name or Christian name

FORMAL GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS

Introducing yourself: Introducing others: Responses:

Hello, My name is John Miller, please Nice to meet you

'Excuse me. Are you...?

INFORMAL GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS

Introducing yourself: Introducing others: Responses:

Hi, I’m …………………….. Jack, This is Nick. It’s great to meet

Susan: Where are you from?

Exercise: True or False

1. Susan Meyers is a teacher at the Community College ________

Susan: Where are your parents?

I. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb TO BE

1. I ________ an English student. 6. The car _______black.

II. Correct each one of the following sentences.

1. My father and mother is teachers. ___________________________________________

1. Which word completes 2. In which sentence can you 3. Which question is

4. Which sentence is 5. Which is the correct answer 6. Complete:

10. Complete: 11. Complete: 12. Complete:

13. Complete: 14. Complete: 15. Complete:

Task - True or false. Put a tick into the correct place.

Task - Write answers to the following questions.

1) How many pets has the family got? __________________________________________________

Have Have got

I have I’ve got

* The contracted form of “have” is not *Usually the contracted

I don’t have I haven’t got

Incorrect: I don’t have got

Do you have …? Have you got …?

Incorrect: Do you have got …?

1. I ____________________ a nice room. 1. _____________ you _____ a favourite

Pronunciation: The Alphabet

2. Listening comprehension. Circle the letter you hear:

3. Listening comprehension. Listen. Circle the correct spelling.

1. Green Greene Grin

1. I __ an English student. 6. The car _black.

1. I ____________ a nice room. 1. _ you _ a favourite

1. Honest 8. Active

1. _______ 2. _ 3._________

a. We use some___ with uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences. 22

1. I can’t find any sunglasses I like here.