Vesicula Dificil
Vesicula Dificil
Vesicula Dificil
Prevención
Dieta DMBC (<800Kcal/dia) por 2 semanas. Intrahepática
Strasberg SM. Clinical practice. Acute calculous cholecystitis. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:2804.
Inflamación; Colecistitis aguda
Indicación 10% de los casos. (Las más difíciles)
10% requerirán conversión.
Edema de pared
Necrosis
Perforada
Hipervascular
Calot obscuro.
“Un cuadro que no enfrió en 72 horas no enfriará.”
Csikesz N, Ricciardi R, Tseng JF, Shah SA. Current status of surgical management of acute
cholecystitis in the United States. World J Surg 2008; 32:2230.
TG18
Loozen CS, Oor JE, van Ramshorst B, et al. Conservative treatment of acute cholecystitis: a
systematic review and pooled analysis. Surg Endosc 2017; 31:504.
Colecistostomía percutánea.
Percutánea
Agudización de >96 horas.
Grosor >6mm o grosor irregular
Flap intravesicular
Leucocitosis >18
Antecedente de IAM.
El-Gendi A, El-Shafei M, Emara D. Emergency Versus Delayed Cholecystectomy After Percutaneous Transhepatic
Gallbladder Drainage in Grade II Acute Cholecystitis Patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:284.
Alvino DML, Fong ZV, McCarthy CJ, et al. Long-Term Outcomes Following Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Tube Placement
for Treatment of Acute Calculous Cholecystitis. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:761.
Drenaje endoscópico
Transpapilar.
Nasobiliar.
Drenaje duodenal.
Éxito 76-94%
Drenaje transmural apoyado con US
Éxito 97%
Lamodificación anatómica volvería difícil la colecistectomía
posterior.
Navez B, Ungureanu F, Michiels M, et al. Surgical management of acute cholecystitis: results of
a 2-year prospective multicenter survey in Belgium. Surg Endosc 2012; 26:2436.
Técnica de disección segura.
1. Entender y aplicar la Visión crítica de seguridad
de Strasberg
1. Triangulo hepatocistico libre de grasa y fibrosis
2. El tercio inferior de la vesícula es separado de del
higado para exponer la placa cistica.
3. 2, y sólo 2 estructuras entran a la vesicula.
Finalidad
Strasberg SM, Brunt LM. Rationale and use of the critical view of safety in laparoscopic
cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg 2010; 211:132.
2.- Reconocer y entender la anatomía aberrante
potencial.
3.-Colangiografia transoperatoria.
4.-Tiempo para clipar o cortar cualquier estructura
tubular
5.-Reconocer zonas de riesgo
Considerar subtotal.
Considerar conversión.
6.-Pedir ayuda.
Conversión
Factores independientes de
conversión
Edad >70.
ASA III.
Masculino.
Coledocolitiasis.
Mirizzi.
Sutcliffe RP, Hollyman M, Hodson J, et al. Preoperative risk factors for conversion from laparoscopic to open
cholecystectomy: a validated risk score derived from a prospective U.K. database of 8820 patients. HPB (Oxford)
2016; 18:922.
Csikesz N, Ricciardi R, Tseng JF, Shah SA. Current status of surgical management of acute cholecystitis in the United
States. World J Surg 2008; 32:2230.
Top Down colecistectomía.
Fundus First
CHD
Strasberg SM, Pucci MJ, Brunt LM, Deziel DJ. Subtotal Cholecystectomy-"Fenestrating" vs
"Reconstituting" Subtypes and the Prevention of Bile Duct Injury: Definition of the Optimal
Procedure in Difficult Operative Conditions. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 222:89.
Colecistectomía subtotal
Antes llamada parcial.
Principales indicaciones
Agudización; colecistitis severa.
Cirrosis
Strasberg SM, Pucci MJ, Brunt LM, Deziel DJ. Subtotal Cholecystectomy-"Fenestrating" vs
"Reconstituting"
Elshaer M, Gravante Subtypes and K,
G, Thomas theetPrevention of cholecystectomy
al. Subtotal Bile Duct Injury: Definition of gallbladders":
for "difficult the Optimal
Procedure in Difficult
systematic reviewOperative Conditions.
and meta-analysis. J AmSurg
JAMA Coll 2015;
Surg 2016; 222:89.
150:159.
“The term partial is discarded, and subtotal
cholecystectomies are divided into fenestrating and
reconstituting types”
Subtotal
Subtotal reconstituting cholecystectomy closes off the
lower end of the gallbladder, reducing the incidence
of postoperative fistula, but creates a remnant
gallbladder, which may result in recurrence of
symptomatic cholecystolithiasis.
Subtotal fenestrating cholecystectomy does not
occlude the gallbladder, but may suture the cystic
duct internally. It has a higher incidence of
postoperative biliary fistula, but does not appear to
be associated with recurrent cholecystolithiasis
Strasberg SM, Pucci MJ, Brunt LM, Deziel DJ. Subtotal Cholecystectomy-"Fenestrating" vs
"Reconstituting" Subtypes and the Prevention of Bile Duct Injury: Definition of the Optimal
Procedure in Difficult Operative Conditions. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 222:89.
Ajustes terminológicos.
¿Subtotal o parcial?
Subtotal; “Quite lo más que pude”
¿Y parcial?
Fundectomia.
Retiro de factor inflamatorio/litiasico.
Strasberg SM, Pucci MJ, Brunt LM, Deziel DJ. Subtotal Cholecystectomy-"Fenestrating" vs "Reconstituting" Subtypes and the Prevention of Bile
Duct Injury: Definition of the Optimal Procedure in Difficult Operative Conditions. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 222:89.
Reconstituyente.
Sheffield KM, Riall TS, Han Y, et al. Association between cholecystectomy with vs without
intraoperative cholangiography and risk of common duct injury. JAMA 2013; 310:812.
Gwinn EC, Daly S, Deziel DJ. The use of laparoscopic ultrasound in difficult cholecystectomy
cases significantly decreases morbidity. Surgery 2013; 154:909..
Osayi SN, Wendling MR, Drosdeck JM, et al. Near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography facilitates
identification of biliary anatomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2015; 29:368.
Consenso Delphi
Iwashita, Y., Hibi, T., Ohyama, T., Umezawa, A., Takada, T.,
Strasberg, S. M., … Hwang, T.-L. (2017). Delphi consensus on bile
duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an evolutionary cul-
de-sac or the birth pangs of a new technical framework? Journal of
Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences, 24(11), 591–602..
¿Cuándo me detengo?
Iwashita, Y., Hibi, T., Ohyama, T., Umezawa, A., Takada, T., Strasberg, S. M., … Hwang, T.-L. (2017). Delphi consensus on bile duct injuries
during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an evolutionary cul-de-sac or the birth pangs of a new technical framework? Journal of Hepato-Biliary-
Pancreatic Sciences, 24(11), 591–602..
¿Dónde me detengo?
Iwashita, Y., Hibi, T., Ohyama, T., Umezawa, A., Takada, T., Strasberg, S. M., … Hwang, T.-L. (2017). Delphi consensus on bile duct injuries
during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an evolutionary cul-de-sac or the birth pangs of a new technical framework? Journal of Hepato-Biliary-
Pancreatic Sciences, 24(11), 591–602..
¿Cómo la prevengo?
¿Cuáles son mis alternativas?
Iwashita, Y., Hibi, T., Ohyama, T., Umezawa, A., Takada, T., Strasberg, S. M., … Hwang, T.-L. (2017). Delphi consensus on bile duct injuries
during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an evolutionary cul-de-sac or the birth pangs of a new technical framework? Journal of Hepato-Biliary-
Pancreatic Sciences, 24(11), 591–602..
Conclusiones
El reconocimiento y la prevención de los factores de riesgo son la clave en
cualquier paciente.
La hepatopatía previa, los cuadros repetitivos y el proceso en agudo son
los factores independientes más importantes para una Vesicula difícil.
La mejor técnica puede llegara ser la que saque de apuro al paciente y al
cirujano.
LA visión critica de seguridad es la mejor herramienta para evitar la LVB.
Calot hostilSubtotal>Top-down>colecistostomia>Infundibular.
La nomenclatura es importante para el caso en que el paciente sea
derivado o intervenido por 2º cirujano.
Se deben utilizar herramientas diagnosticas para descartar Vesicula
remanente o Mirizzi.
Gracias